temperature i. definition- the quantity that tells us how hot or cold something is (compared to...
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Temperature
I. Definition- the quantity that tells us how hot or cold something is (compared to something else)
II. It is expressed by a number on a scale
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Temperature
III. Nearly all matter expands when its temperature increases
IV. The common thermometer measures temperature by showing the expansion or contraction of a liquid
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TemperatureV. There are 3
common temp scales
A. Fahrenheit- used in the United States
B. Celsius- most commonly used (lab
and the world)A. Kelvin- used in
scientific research
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A poem
30 is hot 20 is nice 10 put a coat on Zero is ice
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Temperature Conversions
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Review
1) What are absolute zero for
Kelvin? Celsius?2) What are the
freezing points of water for
Kelvin? Celsius? Fahrenheit?
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Review
3) What are the boiling points of water for
Kelvin? Celsius? Fahrenheit? 4) What is normal
body temp in Celsius?
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Review6) Which temp is correct?a) 37°F b) -2°C c) 300 K
7) Which temp is correct? a) 40°C b) 98.6° F c) 37°C
8) Which temp is correct?a) 40°F b) 275 K c) 30°C
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Temperature and Kinetic Energy
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States of Matter and Kinetic Energy
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Remember… that KE is the energy of motion
Temperature is
related to the force and the amount of collisions that happen between atoms…both increase
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HeatDefinition- the energy that transfers from one object to another b/c of a temperature difference
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Temperature and Heat are related
…but being related doesn’t make you the same
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Temperature and Heat are related….but being related doesn’t
make you the same
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Temperature and Heat are related
Temperature is related to the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
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Heat
• If you touch a hot stove…energy will enter your hand
• If you touch ice, energy will pass out of your hand
• When in contact with each other…Energy always passes from the warmer to the cooler substance
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Heat• Why does the energy
move at all?• It will try to obtain
thermal equilibrium• When a thermometer
is in contact with a substance, the energy flows until the thermometer is the same temp
• Sooo, the thermometer is now showing it’s own temp
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Why aren’t the earth and sun in equilibrium with each other?
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Unit of Heat
• In the metric system, heat is measured in units of calories, which are defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water from 14.5oC to 15.5oC.
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Calculating Calories in food…burn the food, measure the energy that is
released as heat
The reaction's energy is found by subtracting the initial temperature from the final, then multiplying by the amount of water used, in this case, 100 mL. If the initial temperature is 24 degrees C and the final is 26 degrees C, we get ( 26 -- 24 ) x 100 = 200 calories.
FYI - Btu (Bristish thermal units ) are the quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1° F, which is used in heating and a/c
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Unit of Heat
• We will use both Joule and calorie in our next calculations
• In the SI system, which is the modern metric system (1960)….the unit of heat is a Joule
• Just as 1 day= 24 hours , 1 calorie = 4.186 J