Temperate Deciduous ForestBy Miguel Carbonell, Isaac Cuevas and

Kayon Lecky

Other Names

The Temperate Deciduous Forest is also known as:

● Hardwood forest ● Broad leaf forest

Biome Location/Climate- soil,temperature,rainfall, climate graph

The location of the Temperate Deciduous Forest are in the eastern part of the USA, Canada, Japan, China, Western part of Russia, and the continent of Europe

The soil absorbs the leaves and has a growing season of 5 to 6 months

The temperature is 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

The rainfall is about 30 to 60 annually.

Nutrient Flow Digram

Characteristics

● Deciduous Forests have long warm seasons as a very distinctive season.● Temperate Deciduous Forests exhibit all four seasons.● Second most rainfall out of all biomes.● The soil is usually rich.● Trees will become dormant during the season of which their leaves fall.● 3 main types of trees are from these forests: Notherhern hardwood, centrall

hardwood and southeast pine.

Animals Living in Temp. Deciduous Forests

A Cardinal Owl Broadwing Hawk Bobcat

Black Bear

Raccoon

Plants that Inhabit Temp. Deciduous Forests

Continued

Mountain Ash Tree Jack in the pulpit Cottonwood tree

Biodiversity

Temperate Deciduous forests have great biodiversity because of the losses of their leaves. This allows animals and plants that were covered by the leaves to grow and fluorish, this then leads to more plant growth and more predation, this in turn allows more species of both plants and animals survive in the area.

Habitats: Range from the top canopy on down to the forest floor. Foliage, bark, sap, flowers, seeds and nuts provide nutrition for a host of insects, birds and mammals. The deciduous forest provides habitat and food resources for large birds that dwell on the ground such as turkeys and grouse, as well as several species of owls including screech owls, barred owls, and great horned owls.

Energy Flow● First Trophic Level- The forests yield 6,000 kilocalories per sq. meter per year.● Second Trophic Level- Squirrel, small rodents, and deer. Can use the 6,000

kilocalories per sq. meter per year produced by the first Trophic level, but most of it is lost through bodily functions ( heat ). Produce about 600 kilocalories per sq. meter per year.

● Third Trophic Level- Woodpeckers, skunks, raccoons, and foxes. Produce about 60 kilocalories per sq. meter per year.

● Fourth Trophic Level- Ex. bears and cougars. Are also called top predators. Has about 6 kilocalories per sq. meter per year.

Energy Flow

Gross Primary Productivity and Net Primary Productivity

The Gross Primary Productivity-

Estimated at 16 to 50 metric tons per hectare per year.

The Net Primary Productivity-

Approximately 10 metric tons per hectare per year. It is greatest in younger forests where trees are growing rapidly toward full size. It begins to decline when trees become old.

Succession- Temperate Deciduous ForestsSuccession is a process when conditions from the environment evolve, even the types of plants that are in that environment change.

In an undisturbed setting, succession progresses from pioneer grasses and shrubs to mature trees that return to pioneer grasses. However, disturbance, such as a wildfire, windstorm, or insect infestation, can happen at anytime and interrupt the cycle. This returns the forest to an earlier stage of succession and the process begins again.This is secondary succession.

Human Impact

Russia: Most deciduous forests were cut down decades ago to make room for agriculture and grazing. To stop this they have limited cutting down these forests as they are endangered. Russia now has 68 official forest conservation areas covering more than 430,000 sq km – that’s an area larger than Germany.

USA: In the US, large expanses of temperate deciduous forests have been cut down as well. Mostly done for lumber, and it leads to deforestation. It is estimated that only 0.1% remains undisturbed. Laws have been created that would limit this. Various state conservation programs now protect them.

Paraguay and Chile: Cut down forests for land and agriculture but until recently began attempts to conserve the temperate deciduous forests left.

Compare the difference in how handled

MDCs often times react quicker and more efficiently than LDCs would. LDCs more times than not won't react as quickly because of economic concerns. MDCs can afford to place more restrictions, so are therefore more likely to. LDCs are developing nations that seek to develop and industrialize as fast as possible.

Sources 1

1.http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0201.

2. http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/biomes/succession.html

3. https://www.britannica.com/science/gross-primary-productivity

4. http://www.mbgnet.net/sets/temp/whats.htm

5. http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/dforest.html

6. http://ths.sps.lane.edu/biomes/deciduous3/deciduous3.html

Sources 2

1.https://staff.concord.org/~btinker/GL/web/exploring_life/ecosystems/deciduous.htm

2.http://study.com/academy/lesson/biological-diversity-and-the-forest-ecosystems-of-the-rainforests-and-temperate-forests.html

3.http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/deciduous-forest.php