tema 1. cinetica de reaccion.pdf

7/25/2019 Tema 1. Cinetica de reaccion.pdf

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%& '( )*+, -+ ., /&0123'4501, 3'+ +&6'-0, +. 5+1,(0&52 72* +. 1',. '( 7*21+&2 3'45012 ,.1,(8,&' +&6,-2 /(,. -+&-+ +. +&6,-2 0(010,. 9 ., :+.210-,- 12( ., 3'+ +&6, *+,110;( &+ 7*2-'1+0.0-,- -+. ?)*5,12 =,-'10-,-+&

@A +( B,*5,10,C

D


5/61

!E F "G F H

M@=')(62 N+572C

J =!1

a

dnA

dt=!

1

b

dnB

dt=

1

e

dnE

dt=

1

F

dnF

dt

O+.210-,- -+ 12(:+*&0;(P

Q, :+.210-,- , ., 3'+ 1',.3'0+* *+,1N:2 &+ 12(&'5+ +& 7*272*102(,. , &' 12+/10+(6+ +&6+3'025L6*012P

dnA

/ dt

dnB / dt

=

a

b

1

a

dnA

dt=

1

b

dnB

dt


6/61

R

v =!1

a

d[A]

dt=!

1

b

d[B]

dt=

1

e

d[E]

dt=

1

F

d[F]

dt

=',(-2 OS16+

O+.210-,- -+ *+,110;(P

!E F "G F H

@T2* 3'L '(2& ..+:,( &0K(2 72&0N:2 9 26*2& (+K,N:2C

@U,9 :+.210-,-+& (+K,N:,&C

'(0-,-+& P 52.VQW6


7/61

X

%Y+*10102 !< T*272(K, ., +Z7*+&0;( -+ ., :+.210-,- -+ *+,110;( 7,*, .,& &0K'0+(6+& *+,1102(+&

[#\K] F $U#\K] #[U$\K]

#[^G*\K] #[^\K] F G*#\K]

%Y+*10102 #< Q, :+.210-,- -+ *+,110;( -+. 7*21+&2 E F # G != F $ _ +& -+ D 52.V-5$W&< =,.1'.+ .,& :+.210-,-+&0(010,.+& -+ 12(&'52 -+ E 9 G` 9 .,& :+.210-,-+& 0(010,.+& -+ ?2*5,10;( -+ = 9 _,. -+ ., *+,110;( +( 1,-, '(2 -+ .2& &0K'0+(6+&

1,&2&P

$[^ \K] [#^\K] F [^#\K] v = k NO[ ]2

U#^#\,1] F $gh\,1] F#UF\,1] #U#^\.] F g$

h v = k H2

O2[ ] I

!# %

#[^ \K] F ^#\K] # [^#\K] v = k NO[ ]2

O2[ ]


10/61

!i

Q, +1',10;( -+ :+.210-,- :Sjk[UDFlk[^#

hl 12**+&72(-+ , ., *+,110;(P

[UDF \,1] F [^#h \,1]![# \K] F #U#^\.]

=,.1'., ., :+.210-,- -+ ., *+,110;( , #Mm= 1',(-2 k[UDFlSi`i#R 52.WQh!9 k[^#

hlSi`ia 52.WQh!` &,>0+(-2 3'+ .,

12(&6,(6+ -+ :+.210-,-` j` , +&, 6+57+*,6'*, :,.+ $W!ihD

QW52.h!

W&h!


11/61

!!


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I$+4'50*)51&09 J+4'50*)51&09 D&+4'50*)51&09

A!B+C

A!B

A+B!C

A+B!C+D

2A!B

3A!C

A+B+C! D

2A+B!C


13/61

!$

v = A[ ]2

B[ ]

E F G T

b0 kGlppppkEl` ., kGl &+*) 12(&6,(6+ , .2 .,*K2 -+ ., *+,110;( 9 72* .2 6,(62 &+ 7'+-+ 0(1.'0* -+(6*2 -+ '(,12(&6,(6+ 72* .2 3'+ ., *+,110;( &+*4, -+ 390)(''&(0$#2*02&2&< =2(N('2&`

&+(10..2&` +. &0&6+5, (2 &+ -+&6*'9+

T*21+-050+(62b+ 12.21,( :,&0Y,& -+

*+,110;( , cS16+ 9 &+ :,(

+Z6*,9+(-2 5'+&6*,&

b+ 50-+ '(, 7*270+-,- r&01, -+. &0&6+5,*+,1N:2 +( ?'(10;( -+. N+572< b+ &0K'+ .,

*+,110;( 12(N(',5+(6+

E.K'(2& 'N.08,-2&

%(?*0,50+(62 >*'&12 -+ .,5+81.,` *+N*,-, -+.

1,6,.08,-2*` -0.'10;( -+ .,5+81.,` ,-010;( -+ ,.Ke(

1257'+&62` 5'+&6*,&K,&+2&,&

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12(-'1N:0-,- +.L16*01,` 1*25,62K*,r,


18/61

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nL62-2& -+ s'Y2*)70-2

nL62-2& -+ *+.,Y,10;(

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nL62-2& 7,*, K+(+*,*+&7+10+& *+,1N:,&

" d*,(-+& 7+*6'*>,102(+& -'*,(6+ 7212 N+572" b+ K+(+*,( +&7+10+& *+,1N:,&" %&6'-02 72* +&7+16*2&1270,

B.'Y2 *+6+(0-2B.'Y2 12(N('2


19/61

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;043'


21/61

#!

7"!


22/61

##

[A]![A]0 =!ka t

1L 3&'()*%'9

v =!1

ad[A]

dt v = k

Q, +1',10;( -+ :+.210-,- &+*)P

!

1

ad[A]

dt= k

d[A]= !akdt

d[A][A]0

[A]

! = " ka dt0

t

!


23/61

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[A]![A]0 = !k

at

[A]0

2 ![A]0 =

!

ka t1/2

!

[A]0

2= !k

at1/2

t1/2

=

[A]0

2ka

c0+572 3'+ 6,*-, ., 12(1+(6*,10;(

0(010,. -+ *+,1N:2 +( *+-'10*&+ , .,506,- -+ &' :,.2* 0(010,.

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24/61

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T*21+&2& -+7+(-0+(6+& -+.0>+*,10;( \%O]


25/61

#M

7"!


26/61

#R

Ln[A]! Ln[A]0 =

!kat

1L 3&'()*%'9

v = !1

ad[A]

dt

v = k A[ ]Q, +1',10;( -+ :+.210-,- &+*)P

!

1

a

d[A]

dt

= k A[ ]

d[A]

A[ ] =!akdt

d[A]

A

[ ][A]0

[A]

! =" ka dt0

t

!

[A]= [A]0e!kat


27/61

#X

t1/2

=

Ln2

ka

Ln[A]! Ln[A]0 =

!kat

c0+572 3'+ 6,*-, ., 12(1+(6*,10;(

0(010,. -+ *+,1N:2 +( *+-'10*&+ , .,506,- -+ &' :,.2* 0(010,.

HG (030$(0 (0 51

*'$*0$%&1*+,$ +$+*+15

Ln [A]0

2!

Ln[A]0 =!ka t1/2

Ln1

2=!k

at1/2

t1/2

=

0, 693

ka


28/61

#a

t0,9

= !

Ln0,9

ka

Ln[A]! Ln[A]0 =!ka t

Ln0,9[A]0! Ln[A]0 =!ka t0,9

t0,9

=

0,105

ka

/)N );5+O1(' 0$ P1&41*+1


29/61

#f

_0?'&0;( 7,&0:, -+?)*5,12&

T*21+&2& E_n%O+.210-,- -+ 1*+1050+(62

-+ 501*22*K,(0&52&

O+.210-,- -+ 5'+*6+ 20(,1N:,10;( 72* 1,.2* 2

,K+(6+& 3'45012&

_+&12572&010;( ?,&+ &;.0-,2 +( &'&7+(&0;(


30/61

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31/61

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b+ 2>6':0+*2( .2& &0K'0+(6+& -,62& 7,*, ., J0-*;.0&0& -+ ., J25,6*270(, +( i`##R n -+ U=. , fim=< _+6+*50(+ .,

12(&6,(6+ -+ :+.210-,- 9 +. N+572 -+ *+-'110;( , ., 506,-T. V>TS W7T! >.T> =!TU

Q( t D`MD D`DM D`$$ D!D $`fR $`X$

6 \J] !`$a $ R a`R !# !X

=,.1'.,* +. Q( -+. 72*1+(6,Y+ -+ J25,6*270(, *+5,(+(6+ 9 *+7*+&+(6,*P

Q(72*1+(

6,Y+J25,6*270(,

c0+572 \J]

9 S hi`iM#MZFD`R!

m =Ln63,1! Ln93, 4

8, 6!1,38=

!0,39

7, 22= !0,054

=,.1'.2 -+ ., 7+(-0+(6+P

_+6+*50(,10;( 12(&6,(6+ -+ :+.210-,-P

u,Si`iMD Jh!

t1/2 =Ln2

ka

=

Ln2

0,054=12, 76h

_+6+*50(,10;( :0-, 5+-0,P


33/61

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7"!


34/61

$D

1L 3&'()*%'9

v = k A[ ]2

1L X @J 3&'()*%'9

v = k A[ ][B]

v = k A2GCU

2[ ]2

# EhEhdh=hqhq j!EhEhdh=hqhq

qhqh=hdhEhE

U+Z,('1.+;N-2 _45+*2 -+ J+Z,('1.+;N-2

v = k CH3COOC2H5[ ][OH!

]

=U$=^^=#UMF ^Uh =U$=^^

hF =#UM^U


35/61

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1

A[ ]=

1

A[ ]0

+ kat

1L 3&'()*%'9

v = !1

ad[A]

dtv = k A[ ]

2

Q, +1',10;( -+ :+.210-,- &+*)P

!

1

a

d[A]

dt

= k A[ ]2

d[A]

A[ ]2 =!akdt

d[A]

A

[ ]

2[A]0

[A]

! =" ka dt0

t

!


36/61

$R

c0+572 3'+ 6,*-, ., 12(1+(6*,10;(

0(010,. -+ *+,1N:2 +( *+-'10*&+ , .,506,- -+ &' :,.2* 0(010,.

1

A[ ]=

1

A[ ]0

+ kat

1

A[ ]0

2=

1

A[ ]0

+ kat1/2

2

A[ ]0

!

1

A[ ]0

= kat

1/2

t1/2

=

1

ka A[ ]

0

M030$(0 (0 51 *'$*0$%&1*+,$

+$+*+15" ?9 +$60&9140$%0

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37/61


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Q, 12(&6,(6+ -+ *+,110;( +& -+ i`#! QV52.W& 7,*, '(, *+,110;( -+ &+K'(-2 2*-+(P

E F#G !=F_

,]

@='). +& ., 12(1+(6*,10;( -+ = -+&7'L& -+ !i & 1',(-2 .2& *+,1N:2& &+ 5+81.,( 12( '(,12(1+(6*,10;( 0(010,. -+ kElS i`i#M 52.VQ 9 kGlSi`!Mi 52.VQ

>]

@='). +& ., 12(1+(6*,10;( -+ = -+&7'L& -+ !i 50( 1',(-2 .2& *+,1N:2& &+ 5+81.,( 12( '(,12(1+(6*,10;( 0(010,. -+ kElSi`i#M 52.VQ 9 kGlSi`!Mi 52.VQ


39/61

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Q2 7*05+*2 3'+ 6+(+52& 3'+ J,1+* +& -+&7+Y,* k=l -+ ., +1',10;(

1

B[ ]0!2 A[ ]

0

LnA[ ]

0B[ ]

0! 2 C[ ]( )

A[ ]0! C[ ]( ) B[ ]

0

= kt C[ ] =A[ ]

0 B[ ]

0 e

kt B[ ]0!2 A[ ]

0

"#

$% !1( )

B[ ]0

ekt B[ ]

0!2 A[ ]

0

"#

$% ! 2 A[ ]

0( )

E k=l !i & -+&7'L& &+*)P

E k=l !i 50( -+&7'L& &+*)P

C[ ] =0.025mol/L( ) 0.150mol/ L( ) e

0.21mol/L 10s 0.150mol/L!20.050mol/L( )( )!1( )

0.150mol/ L( )e 0.21mol/L 10s 0.150mol/L!20.050mol/L( )( )

! 2 0.025mol/ L( )

C[ ] = 6.510!3mol / L

C[ ] =0.025mol/ L( ) 0.150mol/ L( ) e

0.21mol/L 10min60 s/min 0.150mol/L!20.050mol/L( )( )!1( )

0.150mol/ L( )e0.21mol/L 10min60 s/min 0.150moldm

!3!20.050mol/L( )( )

!2 0.025mol/ L( )

C[ ]=0.025mol / L


40/61

Di

7"!


41/61

D+3' G !7*2-'162&

$ ,E F>G F 1= !7*2-'162&

D!

v =!1ad[A

]dt

= k A[ ]3

v = !1

ad[A]

dt= k[A]

2[B]

v = !1

a

d[A]

dt

= k[A][B][C]


42/61

D#

1

A[ ]2 =

1

A[ ]0

2 +2k

at

1L 3&'()*%'9

v = !1

ad[A]

dtv = k A[ ]

3

Q, +1',10;( -+ :+.210-,- &+*)P

!

1

a

d[A]

dt

= k A[ ]3

d[A]

A[ ]3 =!akdt

d[A]

A

[ ]

3[A]0

[A]

! =" ka dt0

t

!


43/61

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c0+572 3'+ 6,*-, ., 12(1+(6*,10;(

0(010,. -+ *+,1N:2 +( *+-'10*&+ , .,506,- -+ &' :,.2* 0(010,.

1

A[ ]2 =

1

A[ ]0

2 +2k

at

1

A[ ]0/ 2( )

2 =

1

A[ ]0

2 +2k

at1/2

t1/2 =3

2ka A[ ]

0

2


44/61

DD

7"!


45/61

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1

A[ ]n!1

=

1

A[ ]0

n!1+ n!1( )ka t

1L 3&'()*%'9

v = !1

ad[A]

dtv = k A[ ]

n

Q, +1',10;( -+ :+.210-,- &+*)P

!

1

a

d[A]

dt

= k A[ ]n

d[A]

A[ ]n =!akdt

d[A]

A

[ ]

n[A]0

[A]

! =" ka dt0

t

!

$!


46/61


47/61

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48/61

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v = k A[ ]![B]

"[C]

#


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G&(0$ *0&' G&(0$ )$' G&(0$ ('9

G&(0$ %&09 G&(0$ $

v = k A

[ ]

n


51/61

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tema 1. cinetica de reaccion.pdf

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