television (2)

37
TELEVISON: TELEVISON: SCOPE,IMPORTANCE,HISTORY AND PLANNING SCOPE,IMPORTANCE,HISTORY AND PLANNING

Upload: neeraja-sasidharan

Post on 28-Nov-2014

1.010 views

Category:

Education


0 download

DESCRIPTION

 

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Television (2)

TELEVISON:TELEVISON:SCOPE,IMPORTANCE,HISTORY AND PLANNING SCOPE,IMPORTANCE,HISTORY AND PLANNING

Page 2: Television (2)

contentscontents• Introduction- what is television?• The story of television• Television programme production• Script Writing for television

Page 3: Television (2)
Page 4: Television (2)

INTRODUCTION• How do you feel while watching a cricket match on

television? Isn’t it almost like being there in the stadium? It is quite different from reading about the match in the next day’s newspaper or hearing a radio commentary. What makes the cricket match on television more interesting?

• This audio visual character of television This audio visual character of television makes it a magic medium which allows us to makes it a magic medium which allows us to watch the world from our drawing rooms.watch the world from our drawing rooms.

• You might remember how exactly Sachin hit a sixer in a crucial match. For most of

• us, “seeing is believing”. This powerful visual nature helps television to create vivid impressions in our minds which in turn leads to emotional involvement.

Page 5: Television (2)
Page 6: Television (2)

WHAT IS TELEVISION ?WHAT IS TELEVISION ?• A television is a widely used telecommunication

medium for transmitting and receiving moving images, either monochromatic ("black and white") or color, usually accompanied by sound.

• The word television comes from Greek word meaning ‘seen from a far’

• Television" may also refer specifically to a television set, television programming or television transmission

Page 7: Television (2)

IMPORTANCE OF TELEVISION• Television is one of the few inventions that truly changed the world.

• It was the key to delivering images to whole nations and indeed the whole world as they happened. It was the first technology that allowed many people to see and experience events that were hundreds or thousands of miles away.

• Television is one of the great informers.• Television brought entertainment right into the home and it made

entertainment a passive activity.• Television has changed home life dramatically. In the early part of the 20th

century, the home was centered around a kitchen or around a dining table, the two places where a family got together. The television made its way into the center of the family and now takes center stage in the living room.

Page 8: Television (2)
Page 9: Television (2)

Once Upon a Time…• Believe it or not,

there was once a time when no television existed.

• What was life like without the TV?

Page 10: Television (2)

Entertainment before Television

• Before television most people used the family radio as their way of receiving communication from the world around them.

• A family would gather around the radio and listen to different programs and news stories.

Page 11: Television (2)

Television ‘s humble beginningTelevision ‘s humble beginning

• The term television was first used in 1900.

• Inventors of the television from the 1890’s until the 1950’s thought of TV as an additional means for delivering information and entertainment.

• Television was seen to simply be an extension of the telephone, radio, and theatre.

Page 12: Television (2)

Who do you think was the inventor?

• This may seem like a simple enough question, but it is far from so. The invention of the television has many contributors from all over the world.

• In the next few slides we will discuss some of the major contributors to the television.

Page 13: Television (2)

John Logie Baird (August 13, 1888 – June 14, 1946) a Scottish engineer, is known as the inventor of the first working television system.

In his first attempts to invent television, Baird experimented with the Nipkow disk and demonstrated that a semi-mechanical analogue television system was possible with the transmission of a static image of a ventriloquist's dummy in London in February 1924

Page 14: Television (2)

• Although the development of television was the result of work by many inventors (including Baird, Paul Gottlieb Nipkow and Boris Rosing) Baird is one of its foremost pioneers. He is generally credited with being the first person to produce a discernible television image, and went on to produce other advances in the field

Page 15: Television (2)

Timeline of the Television• In 1862 Abbe Giovanna Caselli invents his

Pan telegraph and becomes the first person to transmit a still image over wires.

• Then in 1906 Lee de Forest built a vacuum tube that worked in the first mechanical working television.

• In 1940 Peter Goldmark invents the first color television with 343 lines of revolution.

Page 16: Television (2)

• In 1948 cable television was introduced in Pennsylvania.

• In 1981 NHK demonstrates the HDTV which had 1,125 lines of revolution.

• In 1992 the first 21-inch full color plasma TV was introduced

• In 2010 the first 3-D televisions were put on the market.

Timeline of the Television

Page 17: Television (2)

• Then finally in 1956 the first remote control was made for the TV that was made with wires. The only problem was that the wires would not work in sunlight.

• Later the first HDTV was made for viewers to get a better and higher quality image.

• And in 2010 the first 3D TVs were sold letting viewers watch their programs in 3D.

Major Changes of the Television.

Page 18: Television (2)

http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/images/object_images/535x535/10405933.jpg http://www.wired.com/images/article/full/2008/03/rca_tv_500px.jpg

http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5064298_tvs-made.htmlhttp://www.gaj-it.com/wp-content/uploads/samsung-3d-tv.jpg

http://www.220-electronics.com/plasma/sonymultisystemplasma42v1.JPG

http://www.electronichouse.com/images/uploads/Mitsubishi_LaserVue.jpg

Page 19: Television (2)

HISTORY OF BROADCASTING• 1936 - British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)

of Britain began the

• first television service of the world

• 1939 - Television broadcasts began in US

• 1950s - Other countries began television broadcasting on a wide scale

• 1953 - The first successful programme in colour was transmitted by CBS

• in USA

Page 20: Television (2)

TELEVISION HISTORY IN INDIA15TH SEPT 1959- TELEVISION BEGAN IN INDIA

ON AN EXPERIMENTAL BASIS. There were only two one-hour programmes a week, each of one hour duration.

All India Radio handled these initial broadcasts. By the 1970s, television centers were opened in

other parts of the country also. In 1976, Doordarshan, which was All India

Radio’s television arm until then became a separate department.

1975-1976, SATELLITE INSTRUCTIONALTELEVISION EXPERIMENT (SITE)

Page 21: Television (2)

SITE(1975-1976) SITE was an important step taken by India to use television for

development.

It was conducted between August 1975 and July 1976. Under this programme, the Indian government used the American satellite ATS-6 to broadcast educational programmes to Indian villages. Six states were selected for this experiment and television sets were distributed in these states.

The programmes were mainly produced by Doordarshan which was then a part of AIR. The telecasts happened twice a day, in the morning and evening.

Other than agricultural information, health and family planning were the other important topics dealt with in these programmes. Entertainment was also included in these telecasts in the form of dance, music, drama, folk and rural art forms.

Page 22: Television (2)

A major milestone in the history of Indian television was the coverage of the Ninth Asian Games in 1982. Doordarshan provided national coverage for the first time through the satellite INSAT 1A. Also, for the first time, the transmission was in colour.

By 1983, government sanctioned a huge expansion of Doordarshan. Thus towards the end of 80s around 75 per cent of the population could be covered by the transmitters. Many of the programmes of Doordarshan like Hum Log, Buniyaad and Nukkad were immensely popular.

1997- Establishment of PRASAR BHARATI: The Prasar Bharati Corporation was esablished to serve as the public service broadcaster of the country which would achieve its objectives through AIR and DD

1990s :ADVENT OF PRIVATE TELEVISION CHANNELS IN INDIA

Page 23: Television (2)

Emergence of Private TV channels Today, we have many channels other than

Doordarshan. Private television channels like Zee, Star, Aaj Tak, CNN have come into the Indian television scene quite recently.

In the earlier days, Doordarshan had a monopoly as it was the only channel available to the Indian television audience.

This changed in the 1990s with the arrival of private channels. The coverage of the Gulf War by the American news channel, Cable News Network (CNN) propelled the arrival of satellite television in India. Satellite dishes were used to catch the CNN signals and cable operators took to satellite broadcasting immediately.

Page 24: Television (2)

Hong Kong based STAR (Satellite Television Asian Region) entered into an agreement with an Indian company and Zee TV was born. It became the first privately owned Hindi satellite channel of India. The agreement between STAR and Zee did not last long.

The Supreme Court ruling of 1995 which stated that the airwaves are not the monopoly of the Indian government boosted their growth. Several regional channels also came into being during this period. Sun TV (Tamil), Asianet (Malayalam) and Eenadu TV were a few of them.

Apart from the regional channels, a host of international channels like CNN, BBC and Discovery are also available to the Indian television audience. With different categories of channels like 24 hour news channels, religious channels, cartoon channels and movie channels, there is something for everyone to watch.

Page 25: Television (2)

Have you ever thought what goes behind any television programme production?

Or, have you ever noticed the names Or, have you ever noticed the names of the people involved in production of the people involved in production

processprocess

that appear on television after the that appear on television after the programme ends?programme ends?

Lets learnLets learn

Page 26: Television (2)

TELEVISON PROGRAMME PRODUCTION

• There are three stages of programme production1. Pre production: This stage includes everything you do before

entering the studio or reaching the shooting location. It involves idea generation, research, scripting, discussions with all the crew members and talents (actors), arranging equipment, video / audio tapes, properties, costumes, sets designing or location hunting and booking of editing shifts.

2. Production: This is the stage when you are on the studio floor or on

location and are ready to shoot or are actually shooting.

3. Post production: This is the third stage of programme production.. e It includes cutting the recorded visuals into appropriate length, arranging the visuals in a proper sequence, use of desired effects for the visuals or text / captions, commentary recording, music/song recording, and final assembly of the entire programme

Page 27: Television (2)

Machinery/ equipment required

• cameracamera• lightslights• microphonemicrophone• sound recordersound recorder• videotape recordervideotape recorder• editing machineediting machine

Page 28: Television (2)

Key Professionals in Television Production ProducerProducer DirectorDirector

Script writerScript writer ActorsActors

CamerapersonCameraperson Sound recordistSound recordist

Art directorArt director

Page 29: Television (2)

Script Writing for television

Television needs more good writers. Somebody’s gotta tell the little people that live in that box what to say and

when to say it, and that, my friends, is where you come in!

Page 30: Television (2)

Before writing the script one should have the following things in his mind : 

(1)Types of audience:- The writer should have in his mind, before writing the script, the type of audience he is going to feed, whether homogeneous or heterogeneous group.

(2)Objectives: -The objectives of the script should be more specific. These should not be in general terms.

(3)Content: - The content should be based on the objectives. It is the duty of the script writer to collect the data according to the subject matter, arrange them logically and in an interesting manner and finally with the help of audio-visual aids to present the topic in the way which will receive appreciation of the audience.

Page 31: Television (2)

(4) Resources: - this is a creative process. What are the resources to be adopted to match the content and objectives are to be decided by the writer.

(5) Limitations:-the writer is handicapped in relation to the limitations of the studio facilities, the finances, studio timing etc.

(6) Image perception: -The TV is the combination of both picture and sound. If a picture will do what is the necessity of using words? The programme becomes boring and monotonous if the script writer forgets that it is a visual medium.

(7) Script: - the language of the script should be as such which can easily be understood and can be related by the audience. They will find pleasure in the programme.

Page 32: Television (2)

Important Steps in Developing a Television

Programme :- 1. Select a subject matter field which is need based from rural audience point of view.

2. Choose an appropriate topic from the subject matter.

3. Determine the main points to be made in the programme.

4. Get an overall picture of programme in your mind.

5. Divide the programme into important steps and arrange them in logical order.

6. Consult resource persons and materials to make the telecast more accurate.

Page 33: Television (2)

7. List out all the visual, equipment and other materials used in the production of a farm telecast.

8. Determine the participants such as farmer, home makers, specialists, folk artists and other.

9. Make an outline of the programme. 10.Divide a sheet of paper into two

columns. In the left column write the things you want to show, in the right column put the things you want to say or talk about. Label the left column “VIDEO” and the right column “AUDIO

11.Write the opening and closing shots, action and talk that will take to do each important step of the programme.

Page 34: Television (2)

12.Correct the out line as per the suggestions of programme producers and provide a copy to the producer and to the participants. This should be done at least on week before the programme is to be telecast

13.Keep ready all the visual. Specimens and participants before going for recording.

14.Prepare the audio and visual to each sequence according to time segment.

15.Rehearse the programme at home, office or some other convenient place. Add or substrate material to fit the script into the desired time.  

Page 35: Television (2)

Points to be remembered while television programme is being

recorded or being telecast:-• Arrive at shooting place well in advance.• Acquaint the participants with the TV equipment

and get, and introduce them to the programme producer.

• Set up your equipments and rehearse the programme without camera. If time permits and facilities are available rehearse the programme with camera.

• Make any last minutes changes that are necessary and relax until the programme is to be telecast.

• While the programme is being telecast concentrate on the subject

Page 36: Television (2)

• Try to get an informal approach to the programme.

• If something un expected happens or make a mistake or drop something, don’t let it bother you. Recognize the mistake and continue your programme as planned.

• Shows visuals samples, specimen. This makes programme more interesting.

• Pronunciations should be clear and audible. Avoid difficult words in communication.

• Don’t have apologetic opening. Open with an appealing tone with authentic information.

• Let your voice have vitality, vigour, energy and enthusiasm

• Maintain time segment.

Page 37: Television (2)