telescope sensitivity & discoveries 10 8 16001700180019002000 galileo sensitivity improvement...
TRANSCRIPT
Telescope Sensitivity & Discoveries
108
160
0
170
0
180
0
190
0
2000
Galil
eo
Sensitivity Improvement over the Eye
Year of observations
Telescopes alone
Photographic & electronic detection
106
104
102
Huygens
eyepie
ceSlo
w f
rati
os
Short
’s 2
1.5
”
Hers
chell’
s 4
8”
Ross
e’s
72
”
Photo
gra
ph
yM
ount
Wils
on 1
00
”
Mount
Palo
mar
20
0”
Sovie
t 6
-m
After Fig. 3.10 in Cosmic Discovery, M. Harwit
101
0
CC
Ds
Keck
, V
LT,
Gem
ini ..
.H
ST
NG
ST
1E-19
1E-18
1E-17
1E-16
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000Year
NEP (W/Hz^0.5)
1.E+00
1.E+01
1.E+02
1.E+03
1.E+04
1.E+05
1.E+06
1.E+07
Number of Pixels
NEP
Pixels
InSb and “astronomical capability”
Size matters: CCDs & Mosaics
1.E+06
1.E+07
1.E+08
1.E+09
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Year
Number of pixels2kx2k
UH4k NOAO 4k
NAOJMACHO
UH8k
SDSSCFHT12k
MEGACAM VLT ST24k x 24k
Gamma Ray Burster 990123
1 year
Peak mV~9m z > 1.6 L ~ 4x106 in two weeks
NOVA #2212G: "The Doomsday Asteroid" (Second Repack) Broadcast Transcript PBS Airdate: April 29, 1997 ANNOUNCER: Tonight on NOVA. Massive rocks have pounded the planets for centuries, but humans have never witnessed an actual impact until nearby Jupiter was pummeled. Could it happen here? Could Planet Earth be the next target? GENE SHOEMAKER: It's been treated as a little bit silly. We're not really being silly. Comets really do impact planets. CLARK CHAPMAN: And a big one could come in at any time. ANNOUNCER: Look out! Here comes "The Doomsday Asteroid." NOVA is funded by Prudential. Prudential. Insurance, health care, real estate, and financial services. For more than a century, bringing strength and stability to America's families. And by Merck. Merck . . .
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Energy-resolving Detectors
TES (Transition Edge Sensor/SQUID readout)
STJ (Superconducting Tunnel Junction/RF-Single Electron Transistor)
6x6 STJ
140 160 180 200 220 2400
20
40
60
80
100
Predicted QE
Wavelength (nm)
QE
STJ PerformanceSTJ spectrum
= 1.9°
0.15 Tuniverse: z = 3 Now: z = 0
50 Mpc
Kinney Bunner
Riegler Weiler