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Assignment : TelecommunicationAssignment: Development In TelecommunicationGroup No: 4Roll No: 12-832 12-836 12-850 12-872 12-883 12-886Title Development In TelecommunicationAbstract:

Telecommunication is essential part of transmitting information over a significant distance. As the world has become global village due to fast information technology where people use telecommunication services for personal conversation for business purposes sharing information and for entertainment through TV radio online live casting program. These are all dependent on telecommunication media which becomes an interface between sender and receiver. This paper includes research on development of telecommunication. Use of Guided, Un Guided, Fiber optics, Fixed Wireless Technology, Ultra Wide Band, Direct Broadcast Satellite.

Key words:Sender, Receiver, Medium, Signals

Introduction:Telecommunication concept has been around since the early human history when smoke signals and drums were used to inform people and group of people for any important event or situation it was the simplest way of informing people but not a competent way. Then in 1790s semaphore system was introduced in Europe and semaphore signals were spread to Italy, Germany and Russia so that they could send messages to each other. And then in 1880s telecommunication was introduced. In 1830s electrical telecommunication started to appear as telegraph was going to be used. And now recent technologies include Radio Television, Telephone, fax machines and computers. These all have their own unique properties for the better exchange of information among people. . In1958 - AT&T introduces datasets (modems) for direct connection. 1959 - AT&T introduces the TH-1 1860-channel microwave system. AT&T installs first electronic switching system in Morris, IL. There are now 3299 telephone companies.

1964 - IBM releases its famous Model 360 computer that eventually led to $100 billion in sales over its life cycle. So the development in telecommunication systems increased day by.

Today Telecommunication:Now a days Telecommunication includes the use of electrical devices such as telegraphs, telephones, and teleprinters, the use of radio and microwave communications, as well as fiber optics and their associated electronics, plus the use of the orbiting satellites and the Internet. It is common for multiple transmitting and receiving stations to exchange data among themselves. Such an arrangement is called a telecommunications network. The Internet is the largest example. On a smaller scale, examples include Telephone networks, Guided & Un Guided media, Fiber optics, Fixed Wireless Technology, Ultra Wide Band, and Direct Broadcast Satellite.

Working of telecommunication:

A basic telecommunication system consists of three primary units that are always present in some form:A transmitter that takes information and converts it to a signalA transmission medium, also called the "physical channel" that carries the signal. An example of this is the "free space channel".A receiver that takes the signal from the channel and converts it back into usable informationFor example, in aradio broadcasting stationthe station's largepower amplifieris the transmitter; and the broadcastingantennais the interface between the power amplifier and the "free space channel". The free space channel is the transmission medium and the receiver's antenna is the interface between the free space channel and the receiver. Next, theradio receiveris the destination of the radio signal, and converted from electricity to sound for people to listen. Sometimes, telecommunication systems are"duplex"(two-way systems) with a single box ofelectronicsworking as both a transmitter and a receiver, or atransceiver. Telecommunication over fixed lines is calledpoint-to-point communicationbecause it is between one transmitter and one receiver. Telecommunication through radio broadcasts is calledbroadcast communicationbecause it is between one powerful transmitter and numerous low-power but sensitive radio receivers. Communications signals can be either byanalog signalsordigital signals. Atelecommunications networkis a collection of transmitters, receivers, andcommunications channelsthat send messages to one another. Some digital communications networks contain one or moreroutersthat work together to transmit information to the correct user. An analog communications network consists of one or moreswitches that establish a connection between two or more users. Modulation can be used to represent a digital message as an analog waveform.Development in Telecommunication:

1-Smoke Signals:The smoke signal is one of the oldest forms of long-distance communication. It is a form of visual communication used over long distance. In general smoke signals are used to transmit news, signal danger, or gather people to a common area. Smoke signals remain in use today. In Rome, the College of Cardinals uses smoke signals to indicate the selection of a new Pope during a papal conclave.2-Drum Signals:Developed and used by cultures living in forested areas, drums served as an early form of long distance communication, and were used during ceremonial and religious functions. In the 20th century the talking drums have become a part of popular music in West Africa, especially in the music genres of Nigeria and Senegal

3-Guided Media:In this category the communication device is attached to each other directly with cables. Twisted pair cable is the most common used communication media and used in LAN (local area network) for transfer of data between various computers. They are also used in landline telephones to transfer data signals and voice. Coaxial cable are also used in telephone lines. The bandwidth is 80 times more than twisted pair cable. They are also used in LAN.4-Un Guided Media:In this form the data is transferred in the form of waves. This means that they do not travel along a specific path. Data can be transferred all over the globe.5-Microwave:In this kind the data is transferred via air. The waves travel in a straight line. The data is received and transferred via microwave stations. The speed at which data is transferred is 150 Mbps. They are widely used by telephone and cable companies.6-Cellular Radio:They are used for communication via mobile. High frequency radio waves are used for the transmission of data. You can receive and make calls and also access the internet.

7-Fiber Optics:They use light to transfer data. The data is transferred at a very high speed of billions bit/second. They are highly used by cable operators, telephone, and broadband internet companies. They are made from glass and is as thin as the human hair.8-Direct broadcast satellite:Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) refers to satellite television (TV) systems in which the subscribers, or end users, receive signals directly from geostationary satellites. A DBS subscriber installation consists of a dish antenna two to three feet (60 to 90 centimeters) in diameter, a conventional TV set, a signal converter placed next to the TV set, and a length of coaxial cable between the dish and the converter.9-Ultra Wide Band:Ultra wideband (also known as UWB or as digital pulse wireless) is a wireless technology for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a wide spectrum of frequency bands with very low power for a short distance. Ultra wideband radio not only can carry a huge amount of data over a distance up to 230 feet at very low power.

Conclusion:

Thus it has been proved telecommunication is becoming fast and convenient as it is improving day by day it will change the human life totally because of its flexibility and people will be connected to each other by many portable devices. The development of telecommunication will bring efficiency not only in personal messages but also in each and every field of life in business banking multimedia etc.

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