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TELECOM TRAFFIC

Modeling Including Characterization

OF

Private Branch Exchange (PABX)

AND

Public Switching Telephone Network

BY

USMAN JAVAID 19314

ROMAAN MIRZA 19071

NAJAF ARSHAD 19041

BE (HONS)

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

(FINAL SEMESTER)

HAJVERY UNIVERSITY LAHORE

Communication

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The term 'Communication' has been derived from the Latin word

'communis' that means 'common'. Thus 'to communicate' means 'to

make common' or 'to make known'. This act of making common andknown is carried out through exchange of thoughts, ideas or the like.

Basically, communication is sharing information, whether in writing or

orally.

Telecommunication:

The science of information transport using wire, radio, optical, or

electromagnetic channels to transmit receive signals for voice or datacommunications using electrical means.

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.

Telecommunication industry is comprised of companies which own

networks capable of breaking information down into digital packets and

transmitting the digital signals to anyone connected to the network

Telecom Traffic

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Teletraffic is the application of traffic engineering theory to

telecommunications.

Teletraffic use their basic knowledge of statistics including Queueing

theory, the nature of traffic,their practical models, their measurementsand simulations to make predictions and to plan telecommunication

networks at minimum total cost.

Telecom Traffic Network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_traffic_simulationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_traffic_simulation

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Teletraffic is a well-understood discipline in the traditional voicenetwork, where traffic patterns are established, growth rates can be

predicted, and vast amounts of detailed historical data are available for

analysis.

However, in modern Broadband Networks, the teletraffic engineeringmethodologies used for voice networks are inappropriate. Various

aspects relating to teletraffic engineering in broadband networks are

discussed in this article.

TRAFFIC CHARACTERISATION The telecommunication traffic parameters describe traffic

characteristics of the pockets data (or cell) streams, the followingparameters are important in source characterization.

Telecommunications Traffic Depends upon Media

Telecom traffic over transmission media

Twisted-pair

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadband_Networks

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Coaxial Cable

Fiber-optic

Cellular transmission

Twisted Pair (TP)

Coaxial Cable

Fiber Optic Cable

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Fiber Optic Cable

Traffic evolution (day by day growth)

TRAFFIC EVOLUTION

(Day By Day Growth)

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Devices Use for Traffic Handling

Bridges

Router

Gateways Switches

Bridge

A bridge connects two network segments and also filters thetraffic based on the MAC - Media Access Control address on the

packet. The following diagram represents a bridge. The MAC

addresses are represented using hexadecimal numbers and arenext to each computer.

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Traffic Conversions Analog signal is sampled.

Converted to discrete-time continuous-amplitude signal (Pulse

code Modulation)

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Subscriberstage

Groupswitch

ETC

Announcementequipment

Signalingequipment

Test/measure-ment equipment

Control system

to other exchanges

Third-partyequipment

PBX

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CN

CN:ConcentratorET:Exchange T.LT:Line T.AN:Access Net.

LT

NT ET

X

ET

ET

ET

LT

LTLT

ETLT

ETLTISDN PABX

ETLTAN

V1

V2

V3

V5

A

B

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Ex

Ex

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Amplifier

Amplifier

Bridge Bridge

Two-wire

Exchange A Exhange B

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Pre

Electric field

Magnetic field

Ground return path

X

Y

Z (into the page)

Signal path

Electric field

Magnetic field

Ground return path

X

Y

Z (into the page)

Signal path

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W

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N

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