teen health course 2 · pdf file · 2016-10-21if you get itchy and start to sneeze...
TRANSCRIPT
What Are Noncommunicable Diseases?
An allergy is an example of a noncommunicable
disease.
noncommunicable disease A disease that cannot be spread from
person to person
What Are Noncommunicable Diseases?
Some noncommunicable diseases are chronic.
chronic Present continuously on and off over a long period of time
Causes of Noncommunicable Diseases
People may be
born with some
diseases.
(heredity)
People may
choose
unhealthful
behaviors.
The environment
may cause some
diseases or make
others worse.(asthma,
emphysema,
and bronchitis)
What Are Allergies?
If you get itchy and start to sneeze around flowers,
you may have an allergy.
allergy An extreme sensitivity to a substance
What Are Allergies?
Common allergens include pollen.
allergens Substances that cause allergic responses
pollen A powdery substance released by the flowers of some plants
Common Allergens
When smog is especially heavy,
people with asthma or other
respiratory conditions should
limit their time outdoors.
Allergic Reactions
Common Allergic Reactions
Eyes can be red, watery,
and itchy.
Throat can become irritated and
start swelling.
Skin can become irritated and
break out in a rash or hives.
Nose can be runny and
irritated. Sneezing is common.
Respiratory system can become
irritated. May lead to coughing
and difficulty breathing.
Digestive system can be upset.
Cramping, stomach pains, and
diarrhea are common.
Managing Allergies
Avoid the allergen
Take antihistamines
Get injections
antihistamines Medicines that reduce the
production of histamines
What Is Asthma?
Asthma is a growing problem in many countries.
asthma A chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that causes
air passages to become narrow or blocked, making
breathing difficult
What Is Asthma?
Common Triggers of Asthma
Allergensmold, dust, pollen, and pets
Physical activity
Air pollutantsFumes, smoke, and smog
Infections of the
respiratory system
Dramatic weather changes
Rapid breathing
An Asthma Attack
Symptoms of An Asthma Attack
Wheezing
Coughing
Shortness of breath
Tightness or fullness in
the chest
Managing Asthma
Ways to Manage Asthma
Monitor the condition
Manage the environment
Manage stress
Take medication
Managing Asthma
Two Types of Medications
Relievers(Bronchodilators)
Controllers(Medicines are taken daily
and help prevent asthma
attacks.)
bronchodilators Medications that relax the muscles
around the air passages. (inhaler)
What Is Cardiovascular Disease?
Cardiovascular or heart disease is any condition that
reduces the strength of the heart and blood vessels.
Sometimes, heart disease is due to heredity, but it is
usually related to lifestyle.
Types of Coronary Heart Disease
The heart is a muscle
that pumps blood
through the body.
Coronary arteries on
the surface of the heart
supply it with
oxygen-rich blood.
Veins on the heart
take oxygen-poor
blood away.
If the coronary
arteries are clear,
blood flows freely.
If the coronary
arteries are blocked,
coronary disease
begins to develop.
Coronary Heart Disease
When buildup collects inside the arteries, it takes
up space needed for blood to flow through.
If the coronary arteries become blocked with too
much buildup, the heart may not get enough
oxygen.
A Heart Attack
A heart attack can happen if the heart does not get
enough oxygen from the blood.
heart attack A serious condition that occurs when the blood supply
to the heart slows or stops and the heart muscle is
damaged.
A Heart Attack
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
for Males
Symptoms of a Heart Attack
for Females
Pain or pressure in the chest
Pain in the arms, jaw, back or
abdomen
Shortness of breath
Cold skin
Nausea
Passing out
Similar to males, but more likely
than males to experience
shortness of breath, nausea, and
pain in their back jaw.
Other Problems of the Circulatory System
Hypertension can lead to a heart attack or a stroke.
hypertension A disease in which the pressure of the blood on the
walls of the blood vessels stays at a level that is higher
than normal
stroke A serious condition that occurs when an artery of the brain
breaks or becomes blocked
Preventing Heart Disease
Limit cholesterol,
trans fats, and saturated fats.
Participate in regular
physical activity.
Maintain a healthy weight.
Manage stress.
Stay tobacco free.
Stay alcohol free.
Eat healthful foods.
Treating Heart Disease
Angioplasty is a popular method for treating heart
disease.
angioplasty A surgical procedure in which an instrument with a tiny
balloon, drill bit, or laser attached is inserted into a
blocked artery to clear a blockage
Treating Heart Disease
Other methods used to treat heart disease are:
Medications
Pacemakers
Bypass surgery
Heart transplants
What Is Cancer?
Cancer is a collective term for more than 100
different diseases.
cancer A disease that occurs when abnormal cells
multiply out of control
Any tissue in the body can become cancerous.
What Is Cancer?
Even in healthy bodies, some cells become
abnormal.
Your body’s immune system usually destroys these
cells, but some abnormal cells can survive and
begin to divide.
What Is Cancer?
A tumor is either benign or malignant.
tumor A group of abnormal cells that form a mass
benign Not cancerous
malignant Cancerous
Types of CancerSkin cancer:
The most common kind of cancer, usually caused by exposure to sunlight.
Breast cancer:
Most often diagnosed in women over 50, but can also strike younger women as well as men.
Reproductive organ cancers:
Cancers that affect the testicles and prostate gland in men, and the ovaries, cervix, and uterus in
women.
Lung cancer:
Closely tied to smoking; causes more cancer deaths in the United States than any other type of cancer.
Colon and rectal cancers:
Affect the large intestine and rectum; better screening tests and early detection have reduced the
number of cases of these kinds of cancer.
Leukemia:
Causes cancerous white blood cells to multiply; these abnormal white blood cells interfere with the
immune response of healthy white blood cells.
Lymphoma:
Cancer of the tissues in the lymph system; can weaken the immune system, leaving the body unable to
fight infections.
Risk Factors and Causes of Cancer
Doctors have identified specific risk factors for certain
types of cancer.
risk factors Characteristics or behaviors that increase the likelihood
of developing a medical disorder or disease
Risk factors can include inherited traits, age,
behavior choices, and environmental factors.
Risk Factors and Causes of Cancer
Asbestos is an example of a carcinogen.
carcinogen A substance that can cause cancer
Asbestos was once used in construction and
manufacturing. Breathing asbestos can cause
lung cancer.
The American Cancer Society has identified about
90 chemicals as carcinogens for humans.
Reducing the Risk of Cancer
Eat well and
exercise.
Limit sun
exposure.
Perform
self-examinations.
Know the seven
warning signs.
Reducing the Risk of Cancer
C
A
U
T
I
O
N
The Seven
Warning Signs
of Cancer
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in a breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
Reducing the Risk of Cancer
Check Your ABCs (Spots/Moles)
AsymmetryOne side looks
different.
Border
irregularityJagged or
blurred edges.
ColorNot uniform
or same
throughout.
DiameterBreater than
6 MM.
(Pencil eraser.)
Diagnosing Cancer
Methods of diagnosing cancer include the use of
X rays and a biopsy.
biopsy The removal of a sample of the tissue
from a person for examination
Treating Cancer
The most common treatments for cancer are:
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
radiation therapy A treatment using rays or other forms of radiation to
kill cancer cells
chemotherapy The use of powerful medicines to destroy cancer cells
What Is Diabetes?
If unmanaged, diabetes can cause diseases such
as kidney disorders, blindness, and heart disease.
diabetes A disease that prevents the body from
converting food into energy
What Happens?
The body turns
food into glucose.
(sugar)
The body uses
glucose for energy.
Glucose enters
cells with the help
of insulin.
insulin A protein made in the pancreas that
regulates the level of glucose in the blood
Some people with diabetes
do not have enough insulin.
Some people with diabetes
have enough insulin, but it does
not do its job properly.
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes Type 2 Diabetes
• Most often begins in childhood
• Researchers believe that the body’s
immune system attacks and kills
the cells in the pancreases that
make insulin
• Between 5 and 10 percent of
people with diabetes have this type
• Most often begins in adulthood, but
it is occurring more and more in
children and teens
• The body does not make enough
insulin or the body’s cells can’t
effectively use the insulin that is
produced
• Closely linked to food choices, lack
of physical activity, and being
overweight
Managing Diabetes?
Healthful Eating Plan
People with diabetes must have
an eating plan that helps keep
blood glucose levels within a
healthful range.
Weight Management
Regular physical activity helps
people with diabetes maintain a
healthy weight.
Insulin
People with type 1 diabetes and
some people with type 2
diabetes receive insulin shots
through a syringe or pump.
Medical Care
People with diabetes need to be
under the care of a medical
professional.
What Is Arthritis?
More than 40 million people in the United States
have arthritis.
arthritis A disease of the joints marked by painful
swelling and stiffness
Arthritis can strike children as well as adults.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis develops as a result of wear and tear
on the joints, such as those on the knees and hips.
osteoarthritis A chronic disease that is common in older adults
and results from a breakdown in cartilage in the joints
When cartilage in a joint wears down, the bones in
the joints rub against each other.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
People develop rheumatoid arthritis when their
immune systems attack healthy joint tissue.
rheumatoid arthritis A chronic disease characterized by pain,
inflammation, swelling, and stiffness of the joints
Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint, including
hands, elbows, shoulders, hips, and feet.
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
JRA appears most often in young people between the
ages of 6 months and 16 years.
Many children with JRA continue to have arthritis into
adulthood, but some children get better after puberty.
Managing Arthritis
Physical activity
and rest
Maintaining a
healthy weight
Joint
protection
Heat and cold
treatments
Medication MassageSurgery and
joint replacement