technology strategies for aviation safety
DESCRIPTION
Technology Strategies for Aviation Safety. NASA/FAA/Industry Home & Home Visit Series Langley Research Center November 15-16, 1999. Michael S. Lewis Director Aviation Safety Program NASA Langley Research Center. FINAL REPORT. TO. PRESIDENT CLINTON. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Technology Strategies for Technology Strategies for Aviation SafetyAviation Safety
Michael S. Lewis Michael S. Lewis DirectorDirector
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety ProgramNASA Langley Research CenterNASA Langley Research Center
NASA/FAA/IndustryNASA/FAA/Industry
Home & HomeHome & HomeVisit SeriesVisit Series
Langley Research CenterLangley Research CenterNovember 15-16, 1999November 15-16, 1999
““We will achieve a national goal of reducing the We will achieve a national goal of reducing the fatal aircraft accident rate by 80% within 10 years.”fatal aircraft accident rate by 80% within 10 years.”
President William J. Clinton, President William J. Clinton, February 12, 1997February 12, 1997
FINAL REPORT
TO
VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE, CHAIRMAN
FEBRUARY 12, 1997
White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security
PRESIDENT CLINTON
Regist Severity Location Aircraft Type Number (Fatalities)
TUES MAY-12-98 CLARKSTON, MI Cessna 150K N5876G Nonfatal FRISCO, TX Beech 76 N6701C Fatal (1) DAVIS, WV Beech A36 N72141 Fatal (4) CLEVELAND, OH Grumman G-44 N1AS Nonfatal HOLBROOK, AZ Beech A23-24 N6092N Nonfatal SEMMES, AL M2 SPORT 1000 NONE Fatal (2)
WED MAY-13-98 ISANTI, MN Cessna A185F N7140H Nonfatal GORMAN, CA Bellanca 7GCBC N11867 Fatal (1) VILLA RICA, GA Revolution MINI-500 N355RM Nonfatal
THUR MAY-14-98 MONTGOMERY, AL Beech BE-45-T-34B N9280Z Nonfatal WEST CHICAGO, IL Enstrom F28 N86238 Nonfatal DEWITT, AR Ayers SR2-T34 N393KW Nonfatal CLARKSBURG, CA Piper PA-22 N198TP Nonfatal TEMECULA, CA Bell 206B N90215 Nonfatal MCCALLA, AL Taylorcraft BC-12D N96750 Fatal (1)
FRI MAY-15-98 PALMER, AK Cessna 172 N9212H Fatal (2) LAGRANGE, WI Commander 114-B N6059C Fatal (4) ABILENE, TX Cessna 180 N4775B Nonfatal
NTSB May 1998 General Aviation Accidents
4 Days in May = 18 GA Accidents4 Days in May = 18 GA Accidents (7 Fatal, 15 Fatalities)(7 Fatal, 15 Fatalities)Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Langley Research Center (Lead)Langley Research Center (Lead)
Ames Research CenterAmes Research Center
Glenn Research CenterGlenn Research Center
Dryden Flight Research CenterDryden Flight Research Center
• 1998 - 2004 1998 - 2004
• $500M$500M
Close coordination withClose coordination withFAA & IndustryFAA & Industry
NASA’s Aviation Safety InitiativeNASA’s Aviation Safety Initiative
NASA Aviation Safety Initiatives NASA Aviation Safety Initiatives
Aviation Safety Program OfficeAviation Safety Program OfficeAviation Safety Program OfficeAviation Safety Program OfficeFocusedProgram
Projects
System-Wide System-Wide Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Tina Beard Tina Beard (ARC)(ARC)
System-Wide System-Wide Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Tina Beard Tina Beard (ARC)(ARC)
Single Aircraft Single Aircraft Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
John White(LaRC)
Single Aircraft Single Aircraft Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
John White(LaRC)
SyntheticSyntheticVisionVision
Daniel BaizeDaniel Baize(LaRC)(LaRC)
SyntheticSyntheticVisionVision
Daniel BaizeDaniel Baize(LaRC)(LaRC)
Aviation System Aviation System Monitoring & Monitoring &
ModelingModeling
Yuri Gawdiak(ARC)
Aviation System Aviation System Monitoring & Monitoring &
ModelingModeling
Yuri Gawdiak(ARC)
Accident Accident MitigationMitigation
Douglas Rohn(GRC)
Accident Accident MitigationMitigation
Douglas Rohn(GRC)
2.62.62.32.32.12.1 2.52.5Weather Weather Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Ronato Colantonio (GRC)
Weather Weather Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Ronato Colantonio (GRC)
2.42.4
• System Monitoring• Data Sharing• Data Analysis
• Human Error Modeling• Maintenance Human Factors• Training
• Health Management & Flt Crit Sys Design• Control Upset Mgmt• Engine Containment
• Wx Info Distribution & Presentation• Weather Information Communication• Turbulence Detection & Mitigation
• Systems Approach to Crashworthiness• Fire Prevention
Elements
2.22.2
• Commercial & Business Aircraft• GA & Rotorcraft• Enhanced Vision Sensors and Enabling Technologies
R&T BasePrograms
InformationTechnology
Eugene Tu(ARC)
Propulsion
Frank Berkopec(GRC)
AerospaceVehicle
Technologies
Darrel Tenney(LaRC)
AviationOperations
Systems
Vic Lebacqz
(ARC)
Rotorcraft
John Coy(ARC)
• Icing • Fatigue• Design Principles• Training• Human Error
• Information Integrity• Data Sharing
• Engine Fail. Containment
• Rotorcraft Pilot Aiding• SAFOR
• Aging Aircraft• Crew Station Design and Integration
Elements(R&T Base)
TechnologyTechnology Strategies for Strategies for Aviation Safety Aviation Safety
(7 of them)(7 of them)
“ “Eliminate the #1 factor in fatal Eliminate the #1 factor in fatal commercial commercial andand general aviation accidents” general aviation accidents”
(and at the same time address the #1 cause of airport delays)(and at the same time address the #1 cause of airport delays)
Crew D
istractio
n
ATC Communicatio
ns
Crew/A
utomatio
n Erro
rs
Inop Gro
und Equip
Failure
to fo
llow pro
cedure
VisibilityVisibility
STRATEGYSTRATEGY #1#1
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Digital Terrain Data Base
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Certified Operation
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Precision Navigation
QuickTime™ and a decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Flight Deck Displays
““Eliminate the #1 cause of Eliminate the #1 cause of non-fatalnon-fatal accidents and injuries” accidents and injuries”
STRATEGYSTRATEGY #2#2
Space-based Detection
Hazard Characterization Onboard Detection
Nowcasts / Forecasts
Turbulence Research ThrustsTurbulence Research Thrusts
Time (min.)43 43.5 44 44.5 45 45.5 4610
5
0
5
10
Lidar (lagged 9 sec) TAS
“ “Improve the single highest Improve the single highest General Aviation safety risk factor”General Aviation safety risk factor”
Weather Decision-making Weather Decision-making
STRATEGYSTRATEGY #3#3
MKCC WST 221355CONVECTIVE SIGMET 49CVALID UNTIL 1555ZIL IN KYFROM IND-30SSW LOZ-60ESE FAM-INDAREA TS MOV FROM 30030KT. TOPS ABV FL450.CONVECTIVE SIGMET 50CVALID UNTIL 1555ZIL MOFROM 20N BRL-40N DEC-50NE FAM-30N VIH-20N BRLAREA SEV TS MOV FROM 29035KT. TOPS ABV FL450.HAIL TO 1 IN...WIND GUSTS TO 50 KT POSS.OUTLOOK VALID 221555-221955FROM ORD-EKN-CLT-DYR-SGF-MKC-DSM-CID-ORDTS CONTG TO MOVE THRU MID MS VLY/LWR OHIO VLY. AMS ALG/S OFQSTNRY SFC FNTL BNDRY THRU CNTRL PLAINS SE TO NC CST RMNS MOISTAND UNSTABLE. S-SWLY FLOW AT LOW LVLS INTSECTG BDRY OVR MID MISAND LWR OHIO VLYL HELPING TO MAINTAIN TS ACT. SOME WKNGPSBL...HOWEVER...EXP NEW DVLPMNT IN THE 15Z TO 18Z HRS.RFM
Text Printout ofConvective SIGMET
Cockpit Weather Presentation
Weather Information Products Weather Information Products
Weather Information Products Weather Information Products
AWINAWIN
Volcanic AshVolcanic Ash
WindsWinds
TurbulenceTurbulence
IcingIcing
Ceiling &Ceiling &VisibilityVisibility
LightningLightning
Aviation Weather Information (AWIN) Aviation Weather Information (AWIN)
Accomplishments:• Established data center• Installed and tested multiple
datalinks• Developed pilot interface• Installed and tested multiple
data links between ground and aircraft
• Flight demonstrated complete end-to-end system on Cessna Citation
• Multiple products delivered to the flight deck:
• Turbulence Detection• Weather Radar (US Only)• Satellite• Convective Forecast• Convective Detection• METARs
Future Plans: • Installation of WINN system in
an airline transport aircraft flying normal revenue operations
Air Carrier Cockpit Display of Weather Information (AOS)
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Initial operation capabilitySun ‘n Fun 2000
One year capabilityOshkosh AirVenture 2000
Full operation capabilityOshkosh AirVenture 2002
Planned Coverage (5000’ AGL)
Accomplishment:•Uplink high resolution weather radar using compact low-cost ground stations•Open standard digital protocol (VDL Mode 2)•Selected by FAA to implement/provide national weather in the cockpit capability to general aviation beginning early ‘00
Future Plans: •System will be expanded to 20 ground stations •Three geographically diverse areas• Tested in “real-world”conditions using 32 participating aircraft
Aviation Weather Information (AWIN)Aviation Weather Information (AWIN)
General Aviation Cockpit Display of Weather Information
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Digital Radio Technology
WorldSpace Receivers
•Low cost receivers•Low cost bit rate•Satellite broadcast•Wide area coverage•Ground up coverage
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
“ “Look after the accident Look after the accident chain’s most frequent link” chain’s most frequent link”
The People The People
STRATEGYSTRATEGY #4#4
Human Factors Research ThrustsHuman Factors Research Thrusts
Maintenance Human FactorsMaintenance Human Factors
Training EffectivenessTraining Effectiveness
Human/Automation IntegrationHuman/Automation Integration
Human Error ModelingHuman Error Modeling
“ “Prevent and/or Manage Prevent and/or Manage Aircraft System Failures” Aircraft System Failures”
Health Management Health Management
STRATEGYSTRATEGY #5#5
Aircraft System Failure PreventionAircraft System Failure Prevention
Health Management - Propulsion System - Airframe Structure - Flight Systems
Flt Critical Sys Design - Design Correctness - Fault Tolerance - Functional Integrity
VHF Data Link
• Prognostics to Flight Crew
• Fault & Failure Diagnostics to Ground Crew
Satellite Link
• Fault & Failure Data to Manufacturer
• Fault & Failure Data to Control System
In-Flight Operation of Active Side-Stick/HUMS Sensorsin UH-60 RASCAL Aircraft
• Advanced Robust Digital Sensors Full-time High-Bandwidth
Component and System Monitoring
• On-Board Signal Processing Real-time fatigue monitoring and limit exceedance predictions
• Pilot Cueing to Reduce Workload Usage management Damage avoidance Maneuver envelope enhancement/safety
Right Tierod
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
Time (ms)
Load (lbs)
Analog Right Tierod (lbs)
Digital Right Tierod (lbs)
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
““Quantifiably and continually assess Quantifiably and continually assess aviation system operations”aviation system operations”
• Narrative Data:Narrative Data: Aviation Safety Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS), NAOMS Reporting System (ASRS), NAOMS
• Operational Data:Operational Data: Aviation Aviation Performance Measurement System Performance Measurement System (APMS)(APMS)
• System Data:System Data: Performance Data Performance Data Analysis and Recording System Analysis and Recording System (PDARS), Aviation System Monitoring & (PDARS), Aviation System Monitoring & ModelingModeling
STRATEGYSTRATEGY #6#6
Aviation Operational Performance MonitoringAviation Operational Performance Monitoring
Example: Example: Targeted QueriesTargeted Queries
Search anySearch anyportion of the portion of the databasedatabase prescribed byprescribed bythe user the user
for any patternfor any patternof flight of flight parametersparameters defined by defined by the user.the user.
LAX Departures to SFO,OAK,SJC,SMF Colored by Climb/Descent Rate
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Performance Data Analysis and Recording System (PDARS)
Example:
Simple SystemMeasures
LAX Arrivals – Colored by Runway
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Example:
Simple LocalAirport Measures
Performance Data Analysis and Recording System (PDARS)
Deviation From Direct-to-Distance > 5% (above FL200)
May 6, 1999
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Example:
OperationalEfficiencyMeasures
Performance Data Analysis and Recording System (PDARS)
SFO Arrival Tracks Colored By Closest Aircraft
Less Than:
2nm and 3000ft
3nm and 3000ft
5nm and 2000ft
10nm and 1000ft
Default
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Example:
SafetyMeasures
Performance Data Analysis and Recording System (PDARS)
• Proliferating SoftwareProliferating Software
• Digital SystemsDigital Systems
• Capacity GrowthCapacity Growth
• GA High FlyersGA High Flyers
• Aging AircraftAging Aircraft
“ “Plan for the Future”Plan for the Future”
STRATEGYSTRATEGY #7#7
SummarySummary
1) 1) Make every flight the equivalent of clear-day Make every flight the equivalent of clear-day operationsoperations
2)2) Accurately detect and provide sufficient alerts for Accurately detect and provide sufficient alerts for severe turbulencesevere turbulence
3)3) Bring real-time graphical weather into the cockpitBring real-time graphical weather into the cockpit
4)4) Improve the human/machine integration in Improve the human/machine integration in design, operations, and maintenancedesign, operations, and maintenance
5)5) Track the long-term and real-time health of on-Track the long-term and real-time health of on-board systemsboard systems
6)6) Continuously monitor and assess Continuously monitor and assess allall the data the data from from everyevery flight for both known and unknown flight for both known and unknown issuesissues
7)7) Prepare for future issuesPrepare for future issues
Seven Technology Strategies Seven Technology Strategies for Aviation Safetyfor Aviation Safety
Breakout SessionsBreakout Sessions
• Weather– Jai Shin, AvSP Deputy Program
Manager, Glenn Research Center
– Paul Stough, AWIN Element Manager
• Synthetic Vision– Dan Baize, Synthetic Vision
Systems Project Manager
• Aviation System Monitoring and Modeling
• System Wide Accident Preventon– Brian Smith, AvSP Deputy Program
Manager, Ames Research Center
• Single Aircraft Accident Prevention
• Accident Mitigation– George Finelli, AvSP Deputy
Program Manager, Langley Research Center
– John White, Single Aircraft Accident Prevention Project Manager
– Lisa Jones, Crashworthiness Element Manger
Session #1 Session #2
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
Thank YouThank You
AvSPAvSP OrganizationOrganization
Aviation Safety Program OfficeAviation Safety Program OfficeMichael Lewis, Director
George Finelli, Deputy Director Connie Smith, Secretary
Brian Smith, Dep Prog Mgr (ARC) Frank Jones, Asst Tech MgmtJaiwon Shin, Dep Prog Mgr (GRC) Glenn Bond, Senior Prog Analyst
Aviation Safety Program OfficeAviation Safety Program OfficeMichael Lewis, Director
George Finelli, Deputy Director Connie Smith, Secretary
Brian Smith, Dep Prog Mgr (ARC) Frank Jones, Asst Tech MgmtJaiwon Shin, Dep Prog Mgr (GRC) Glenn Bond, Senior Prog Analyst
Technical IntegrationTechnical IntegrationVincent Schultz (LaRC)
Technical IntegrationTechnical IntegrationVincent Schultz (LaRC)
Program
Projects
System-Wide System-Wide Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Tina Beard Tina Beard (ARC)(ARC)
System-Wide System-Wide Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Tina Beard Tina Beard (ARC)(ARC)
Single Aircraft Single Aircraft Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
John White(LaRC)
Single Aircraft Single Aircraft Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
John White(LaRC)
SyntheticSyntheticVisionVision
Daniel BaizeDaniel Baize(LaRC)(LaRC)
SyntheticSyntheticVisionVision
Daniel BaizeDaniel Baize(LaRC)(LaRC)
Aviation System Aviation System Monitoring & Monitoring &
ModelingModeling
Yuri Gawdiak(ARC)
Aviation System Aviation System Monitoring & Monitoring &
ModelingModeling
Yuri Gawdiak(ARC)
Accident Accident MitigationMitigation
Douglas Rohn(GRC)
Accident Accident MitigationMitigation
Douglas Rohn(GRC)
2.62.62.32.32.12.1 2.52.5
1.11.1Program IntegrationProgram IntegrationMichael Basehore (FAA)Carrie Walker (Hq)Michael Durham (LaRC)
Program IntegrationProgram IntegrationMichael Basehore (FAA)Carrie Walker (Hq)Michael Durham (LaRC)
1.21.2
Weather Weather Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Ronato Colantonio (GRC)
Weather Weather Accident Accident
PreventionPrevention
Ronato Colantonio (GRC)
2.42.4
• System Monitoring• Data Sharing• Data Analysis
• Human Error Modeling• Maintenance Human Factors• Training
• Health Management & Flt Crit Sys Design• Control Upset Mgmt• Engine Containment
• Wx Info Distribution & Presentation• Weather Information Communication• Turbulence Detection & Mitigation
• Systems Approach to Crashworthiness• Fire Prevention
Elements
2.22.2
• Commercial & Business Aircraft• GA & Rotorcraft• Enhanced Vision Sensors and Enabling Technologies
Aviation Safety ProgramAviation Safety Program
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 50 100 150 200
Vertical Acceleration, G's
Time, msec
Floor-Level Acceleration Pulse
Crash Sequence Post-Crash Photo
• Full-scale crash test of Sikorsky Advance Composite Airframe Program (ACAP) helicopter at NASA-LaRC Impact Dynamics Research Facility
• Addressed issues with composite materials, landing gear, energy-absorbing subfloor and seating
• Test to provide data for validation of computer crash simulation.
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
165
180
195
TURB
EVACLDG
ERRO
RSCO
NT DRG
T/O
SYS/CO
MP F
AILFIR
E I/F-U
NK
CONT IN
TRFRNCE
IMPRPR M
AINT
APP&LDG C
ONFIG
RWY C
OND
T/O C
ONFIG
ICIN
G-G
ROUND
GRND H
ANDLING
Citings
Injuries
FAR Part 121 Scheduled - Non-Fatal FAR Part 121 Scheduled - Non-Fatal Accident Category Tall Poles: 1990-1996Accident Category Tall Poles: 1990-1996
Deviation From Direct-to-Distance > 20% (5000-FL200)
May 6, 1999
Selected LAX Departures Colored by Destination
Example: Standard assessments of key eventsExample: Standard assessments of key events
Vertical Speed (ft/min)
0
20
40
60
80
10
00
12
00
14
00
16
00
18
00
20
00
22
00
% flights
CAS (kt)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
13
5
14
5
15
5
16
5
17
5
% flights
Height above Runway (ft)
0
10
20
30
40
0
50
10
0
15
0
20
0
25
0
30
0
% flights
Pitch Angle (degrees)
0
10
20
30
40
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
% flights
Aviation Operational Performance MonitoringAviation Operational Performance Monitoring
At Gear RetractionAt Gear Retraction