technology presented by: rajen patel contributors: …...pax-2a bottom pax-2a top lx-14 bottom lx-14...
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Analyzing Production Processes of Energetic Materials using Ultrasound TechnologyPresented by: Rajen Patel Contributors: Sean Swaszek, Wes CobbMay 11th-14th, 2009NDIA IM/EM [email protected]
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Overview
Ultrasound is being used in the following applications at ARDEC• Melt Cast Analyzer• Press Analyzer• Primer Press Analyzer
Ultrasound Technology has proven to be highly viable for characterization
• Extensive amount of information available• Can be obtained Real Time• Low Energy, safe for operators and explosives• Easily pass through metal
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Ultrasound Melt Cast Analyzer
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Ultrasound Melt Cast Analyzer
•Ultrasound can use attenuation to detect time of solidification throughout the munition.
•Ultrasound can also be used to detect settling
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Results from Initial Tests of Equipment
Plot of measured ultrasound velocity versus cooling time for comp B using 1MHz transmitter and receiver
Plot of measured ultrasound velocity versus cooling time for TNT using 1MHz transmitter and receiver
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Ultrasound Large Press Analyzer
• Ultrasound technology will be added to Large Press
• Will detect voids and defects
• Will also be able to provide characterization such as mechanical properties
Ultrasonic Sensor (7)
Powder
PressDie
PressRam
CompactionForce
UltrasonicWaves
Defect inPressed Powder
Sensor Signal Cable
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0.09
0.095
0.1
0.105
0.11
4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 18000
Press Force (lbs)
Velo
city
(in/
usec
)
1.755
1.76
1.765
1.77
1.775
1.78
1.785
Velocity (Top Sensor)Measured DensityLinear (Velocity (Top Sensor))
Velocity increases with density increase
(nonlinear)
Fitted line shows linear relation of TOF to ram force
Velocity tracks density for PAX-2A billets
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Press contaminant detection
Results:
1. The two pressings are consistent except for sensor locations where brass is concentrated
2. The significant change in velocity may provide sensitive indications of contaminants or explosive material variations
0.08
0.085
0.09
0.095
0.1
0.105
0.11
0.115
0.12
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Press Time (seconds)
Soun
d Ve
loci
ty (i
n/us
ec)
BottomLowerHigherTopBottom +BrassLower +BrassHigher +BrassTop +Brass
PAX-2A ONLY
PAX-2A + 15% Brass Powder
Pure PAX-2A versus PAX-2A with 15% brass powder mixed in at top of billet
Both pressings used 15K pounds force for 1” ram
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Compaction in two different explosives
0.08
0.085
0.09
0.095
0.1
0.105
0.11
0 50 100 150 200 250
Press Time (seconds)
Soun
d Ve
loci
ty (i
n/us
ec)
PAX-2A BottomPAX-2A TopLX-14 BottomLX-14 Top
PAX-2A LX-14Results:
1. The bottom of the LX-14 billet takes much more time to compact than the top (may be due to increased binder in LX-14)
2. Much higher sound velocity in LX-14 is characteristic of the constituents of this material
3. PAX-2A compacts almost immediately compared to LX-14
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Press Output Screen
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Results from Last Pax 2a Pressing
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Ultrasound Primer Press Analyzer
• Detonator project at ARDEC have some problems with inconsistency and quality in product
• Consistency and Quality can be improved with use of Ultrasound Equipment
• Major challenge is design of equipment which can fit small sizes
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Ultrasound Primer Press Analyzer
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Ultrasound Primer Press Analyzer
•Initial feasibility study is good
•Time of Flight and Amplitude can be detected through detonator
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Primer Press Set Up and Output Screen
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Results from Primer Press
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Other Areas of Interest
Proven that Ultrasound Applications exist in the following• Viscosity Detection• Water Content Analyzer• Advanced Characterization of Aging• Acoustic Sensing of Combat Threats• Detection of Closed Cracks in ExplosivesUltrasound at ARDEC is currently pursuing 3 main efforts:• Ultrasound Large Press Analyzer• Ultrasound Melt Cast Analyzer• Ultrasound Primer Press Analyzer
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Acknowledgements
• Phil Samuels• Erik Boykin• John Centrella• Nick Guerra• Emily Cordaro• John Centrella• Garrett Rector• Joe Christiano• Daniel Stec