Technology & Innovation Management Course

-Session 1

1. Intro to Innovation Management

2. Types of Innovation

3. Diffusion of Innovation

Types of Innovation

Don’t generalize innovation!

Source: L. Keeley

According to ImpactSource: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Sustaining

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Sustaining An innovation that does not affect existing markets.

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Sustaining An innovation that does not affect existing markets.

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Sustaining

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to ImpactSource: C.M..Christensen

According to ImpactSource: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Evolutionary

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

EvolutionaryAn innovation that improves a product in an existing market in ways that customers are expecting.

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

EvolutionaryAn innovation that improves a product in an existing market in ways that customers are expecting.

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Evolutionary

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to ImpactSource: C.M..Christensen

According to ImpactSource: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Revolutionary

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

RevolutionaryAn innovation that is unexpected, but nevertheless does not affect existing markets.

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

RevolutionaryAn innovation that is unexpected, but nevertheless does not affect existing markets.

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Revolutionary

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to ImpactSource: C.M..Christensen

According to ImpactSource: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Disruptive

Source: C.M..Christensen

According to Impact

Disruptive

Source: C.M..Christensen

An innovation that creates a new market by applying a different set of values, which ultimately (and unexpectedly) overtakes an existing market.

According to Impact

Disruptive

Source: C.M..Christensen

An innovation that creates a new market by applying a different set of values, which ultimately (and unexpectedly) overtakes an existing market.

Source: B.Cooper

James’ Reading List

Diffusion of Innovation

How, why, and at what rate new ideas and technologies

spread through cultures.

Elements of DiffusionSource: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Innovation

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Innovation

Adopters

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Innovation

Adopters

Communication Channels

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Innovation

Adopters

Communication Channels

Time

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Innovation

Adopters

Communication Channels

Time

Social System

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Adopters

Communication Channels

Time

Social System

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Adopters

Communication Channels

Time

Social System

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Communication Channels

Time

Social System

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Communication Channels

Time

Social System

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Time

Social System

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Time

Social System

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries

Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other. Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum for diffusion to occur.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Social System

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries

Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other. Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum for diffusion to occur.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Social System

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries

Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other. Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum for diffusion to occur.

Time is necessary for innovations to be adopted; rarely adopted instantaneously.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries

Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other. Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum for diffusion to occur.

Time is necessary for innovations to be adopted; rarely adopted instantaneously.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Elements of Diffusion

Any idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption could be considered an innovation (product, process, business model etc.)

Minimal unit of analysis. Adopters can be individuals, but can also be organizations (businesses, schools, hospitals, etc.), clusters within social networks, or countries

Communication channels allow the transfer of information from one unit to the other. Communication patterns or capabilities must be established between parties as a minimum for diffusion to occur.

Time is necessary for innovations to be adopted; rarely adopted instantaneously.

Combination of external influences (mass media, organizational or governmental mandates) and internal influences (social relationships, social networks, opinion leaders, influencers).

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Knowledge

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Knowledge

Persuasion

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Knowledge

Persuasion

Decision

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Knowledge

Persuasion

Decision

Implementation

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Knowledge

Persuasion

Decision

Implementation

Confirmation

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Persuasion

Decision

Implementation

Confirmation

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Persuasion

Decision

Implementation

Confirmation

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Decision

Implementation

Confirmation

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Decision

Implementation

Confirmation

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Implementation

Confirmation

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Implementation

Confirmation

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.

Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Confirmation

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.

Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

Confirmation

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.

Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.

Individual employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation. Determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.

Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.

Individual employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation. Determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Process of Diffusion

Diffusion occurs through a five–step decision-making process:

The individual is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. In this stage the individual has not yet been inspired to find out more information about the innovation.

The individual is interested in the innovation and actively seeks related information/details.

Individual takes the concept of the change and weighs the advantages/disadvantages of using the innovation & decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Stage has individualistic nature, hence the most difficult stage on which to acquire empirical evidence.

Individual employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation. Determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.

Individual finalizes his decision to continue using the innovation. This stage is both intrapersonal and interpersonal, confirmation the group has made the right decision.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter CategoriesSource: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Innovators

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Innovators

Early Adopters

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Innovators

Early Adopters

Early Majority

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Innovators

Early Adopters

Early Majority

Late Majority

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Innovators

Early Adopters

Early Majority

Late Majority

Laggards

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Innovators

Early Adopters

Early Majority

Late Majority

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Early Adopters

Early Majority

Late Majority

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Early Adopters

Early Majority

Late Majority

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Early Majority

Late Majority

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Early Majority

Late Majority

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Late Majority

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Late Majority

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold some opinion leadership.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold some opinion leadership.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Laggards

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold some opinion leadership.

Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold some opinion leadership.

Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Leapfroggers

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold some opinion leadership.

Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.

Show little to no opinion leadership. Typically have an aversion to change-agents, tend to be focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest financial liquidity, oldest among adopters.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold some opinion leadership.

Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.

Show little to no opinion leadership. Typically have an aversion to change-agents, tend to be focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest financial liquidity, oldest among adopters.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Adopter Categories

Willing to take risks, have high social status, have financial liquidity, are social and have closest contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. Risk tolerant.

Have highest degree of opinion leadership among the adopter categories. Have a higher social status, financial liquidity, advanced education and are more socially forward than late adopters. More discreet in adoption choices than innovators.

Adopt innovation after a varying degree of time that is significantly longer than the innovators and early adopters. Above average social status, contact with early adopters and seldom hold some opinion leadership.

Adopt innovation after the average participant. High degree of skepticism and after the majority of society has adopted the innovation. Typically skeptical about an innovation, have below average social status, little financial liquidity, little opinion leadership.

Show little to no opinion leadership. Typically have an aversion to change-agents, tend to be focused on "traditions", lowest social status, lowest financial liquidity, oldest among adopters.

They often skip several generations in order to reach the most recent technologies.

Source: E.M.Rogers

Rate of AdoptionSource: E.M.Rogers

James’ Reading List

Clear?

Twitter: @toma_dan e-mail: me@danto.ma