‘Generation X to Z’ and Emergency Medicine Research:

Using Technology for Recruitment, Consent, Intervention and Follow-Up

Disclosures

• Edward Boyer, MD PhD, University of Massachusetts-Worcester: nothing to disclose

• Esther K. Choo, MD MPH, Brown University: nothing to disclose• Rebecca Cunningham, MD, University of Michigan: nothing to

disclose• Raina Merchant, MD, University of Pennsylvania: Pilot funding:

Physio-Control Seattle, Washington; Zoll Medical, Boston MA; Cardiac Science, Bothell, Washington; Philips Medical Seattle, Washington.

• Megan Ranney, MD MPH, Brown University: nothing to disclose• Karin Rhodes, MD MS, University of Pennsylvania: nothing to

disclose

Goals of this didactic

1. How to use technology for core research functions

2. What technical expertise, infrastructure, and costs are involved

3. How to address privacy/confidentiality issues

But before we get started….

So why are we all so interested in technology?

It may help overcome research challenges…

The research itself

The engagement of the patient

The real-world applicability of our work

Everyone has it…

It’s confidential and anonymous…

It’s time-effective…

It’s automated, reproducible, high-fidelity, and easily disseminated….

But there are challenges!

• Feasibility versus effectiveness• Acceptability (to patients, to grant-reviewers)• Privacy/confidentiality• Start-up and maintenance costs• Cognitive dissonance for the researcher!

So let’s talk:

A few references to whet your appetite…

• Boyer EW, Fletcher R, Fay RJ, Smelson D, Ziedonis D, Picard RW. Preliminary efforts directed toward the detection of craving of illicit substances: the iHeal project. J Med Toxicol. 2012 Mar;8(1):5-9. PubMed PMID: 22311668.

• Moore JO, Boyer EW, Safren S, Robbins GK, Boudreaux ED, Rosen R, Barton B, Moss F. Designing interventions to overcome poor numeracy and improve medication adherence in chronic illness, including HIV/AIDS. J Med Toxicol. 2011 Jun;7(2):133-8. PubMed PMID: 21455810.

• Boyer EW, Smelson D, Fletcher R, Ziedonis D, Picard RW. Wireless Technologies, Ubiquitous Computing and Mobile Health: Application to Drug Abuse Treatment and Compliance with HIV Therapies. J Med Toxicol. 2010 Jun;6(2):212-6. Review. PubMed PMID: 20623215.

• Walton MA, Chermack ST, Shope JT, Bingham CR, Zimmerman MA, Blow FC, Cunningham RM. Effects of a brief intervention for reducing violence and alcohol misuse among adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 Aug 4;304(5):527-35. PubMed PMID: 20682932.

• Merchant RM, Elmer S, Lurie N. Integrating social media into emergency-preparedness efforts. N Engl J Med. 2011 Jul 28;365(4):289-91. PubMed PMID: 21793742.

• Merchant RM, Abella BS, Abotsi EJ, Smith TM, Long JA, Trudeau ME, Leary M, Groeneveld PW, Becker LB, Asch DA. Cell phone cardiopulmonary resuscitation: audio instructions when needed by lay rescuers: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2010 Jun;55(6):538-543.e1. Epub 2010 Mar 4. PubMed PMID: 20202719.

• Choo EK, Ranney ML, Aggarwal N, Boudreaux ED. A Systematic Review of Emergency Department Technology-based Behavioral Health Interventions. Acad Emerg Med. 2012 Mar;19(3):318-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01299.x. PubMed PMID: 22435865.