technology development towards sustainable mobilitytoyota motor europe 3 fuel route bus delivery...
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TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 1
1st October, 2013World of Energy Solutions
Akihito TankeToyota Motor Europe
Technology Developmenttowards Sustainable Mobility
Technology Developmenttowards Sustainable Mobility
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 2
OilGasoline
Diesel Conventionalvehicle
&HV
Internalcombustion
engine
Gas fuelsSynthetic liquid fuels
Bio-fuel
Electricity
Hydrogen
Coal
Plant
Uranium EV
FCHV
PHEV
Save oil
Core technology
Next-generation
technology
Alternatives to oilPrimary Energy Automotive fuel Powertrain
Hydro, solar,geothermal power
Natural gas
Diversification of Automotive Fuels and PowertrainDiversification of Automotive Fuels and Powertrain
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 3
Fuel
Route bus
Delivery truck
HD Truck
HydrogenOil, Bio-fuel, CNG,Synthetic fuel, etc.Electricity
Delivery car
Personal mobility
Short commuterHV
PHEV
FCEV
FCEV(BUS)
EV
EVs
HVs & PHEVsFCEVs
Passenger Car
Vehiclesize
Driving distance
EV: Short-distance, HV/PHEV: Wide-use, FCV: Mid-to-long distance
Toyota’s Image of Future Mobility PortfolioToyota’s Image of Future Mobility Portfolio
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 4
EV
PHEV
FCEV
Motor
Battery
Fueltank
Engine
Hydrogentank
FCstack
Fueltank
Engine
Motor
Battery
MotorBattery
MotorBattery
Engine Fueltank
HV
Hybrid technology is applicable to any energy sources
Toyota Hybrid System ApplicationsToyota Hybrid System Applications
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 5
00.20.40.60.81.0
0
1
2
3
4
1997 1999 2001 2009 20112003 2005 2007
3million
2million
1million
4million
117 months 27 m. 18 m. 14 m.
5
1.2
6
2013
5million
11 m.
AnnualGlo
bal c
umul
ativ
e sa
les
(mill
ion)
Glo
bal a
nnua
l sal
es(m
illio
n)
Cumulative
Toyota Hybrid Vehicles SalesToyota Hybrid Vehicles Sales
Cumulative sales recorded 5 million in March 2013
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 6
Alternatives to oil(zero emissions)Alternatives to oil(zero emissions)
Saving oil(low emissions)
Saving oil(low emissions)
HVHV PHEVPHEV
Continue to actively promote Usage of electricity and hydrogen
Timeline
EVEV
Next Generation vehiclesNext Generation vehicles
FCEVFCEV
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 7
Wei
ght E
nerg
y D
ensi
ty(Wh/kg)(Wh/kg)
Battery
10001000
1000010000
50005000 1000010000Volumetric Energy Density
1010 40004000300030002000200010001000 60006000 70007000 80008000 9000900000(Wh/L)(Wh/L)
1100011000
Diesel
Biodiesel
Gasoline
Gaseous Fuel
Natural Gas(20MPa)
H2(70MPa)
Metal Hydride(2wt%)
Ethanol
100100Nickel HydrideNickel Hydride
LeadLead
Lithium IonLithium Ion
Liquid Fuel
Energy density of hydrogen is about 7 times higher than battery
Comparison of Energy DensityComparison of Energy Density
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 8
EV
FC EV
Sys
tem
cos
t
Cruising range
EV isadvantageous
FCEV isadvantageous
FCEV is advantageous in mid-to-long drive range applications
Comparison Between EV and FCEVComparison Between EV and FCEV
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 9
Tokyo Motor Show Concept
Toyota FCV-RToyota FCV-R
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 10
Energy diversification
Hydrogen can be producedfrom various primary energysources
Smooth and quiet operation
Zero CO2 emissions duringdriving
Practical cruising range(over 500 km)
Smooth start and goodacceleration at low andmedium speeds
Refueling time (three minutes)Fuel cell start-up belowfreezing (-30ºC)
Power supply capabilities are 4-5 times that of an EV, and cansupply power to an average household for more than a week
Zero emissions
Driving pleasurePerformance
Large power supply capability for emergencies
Advantages of FCEVAdvantages of FCEV
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 11
Total 18 vehicles are leased in Japan & US.
World’s 1st availablevehicle in the market
Received Model certificateImproved performance
2002 model
Total 14 vehicles are leased in Japan.Total 104 vehicles are now under introduction inUS until 2011 for ZEV requirements.5 vehicles are now in Germany for CEP program.
2008 model
2005 modelToyota FCHV
Toyota FCHV-adv
World’s top cruising range & cold start
Total 20 vehicles are leased in Japan & US.
History of Toyota FCHVHistory of Toyota FCHV
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 12
③Improving durability of FC stack
①Cost reduction②Reduction in size and weight
①Practical cruising range
③Fuel cell start-up below freezing
②Refueling time
Issues need to be resolved
Issues expected to be resolved
・70MPa high pressure hydrogen tank・cruising range app.700km
(Japan JC08 Mode)
FCV-RFCV-R
2015
High pressurehydrogen tank
Motor
FC stack
④Hydrogen supply infrastructure
Challenge for FCEV DevelopmentChallenge for FCEV Development
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 13
JapanTokyoOsaka
560km (350mile)
JapanTokyoOsaka
560km (350mile)
The cruising range has been significantlyimproved by increasing hydrogen tankpressure (35 MPa => 70 MPa) and systemefficiency. (about 300 km => 500 km withpractical driving cycle)
Cruising rangeLA#4 790 km10-15 830 km
Toyota in-house test
Toyota FCHV-adv Long-distance TravelToyota FCHV-adv Long-distance Travel
With single refueling, FCHV-adv successfully traveled between Osakaand Tokyo (560km) under real-use condition (A/C on, etc.)
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 14
°°CC
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
外気温[℃]
2/102/10 2/122/12 2/142/14 2/162/16 2/182/18
--3737degdegCC
Am
bien
t Air
Tem
p.A
mbi
ent A
ir Te
mp. 1010
((degdegCC))
00
--1010
--2020
--3030
--4040
5050
3232
2020
00
--2020
--4040
((degdegFF))
2/82/8
DateDate
Ambient Air Temperature at Timmins
Timmins, Canada
Yellowknife, Canada
Cold Weather Performance Tests in CanadaCold Weather Performance Tests in Canada
Cold weather performance tests verified that cold start and drivingperformance of FCHV-adv was equivalent that of conventional vehicles
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 15
Length:4,745mWidth:1,790mmHeight:1,510mmWheel Base:2,700mmPassenger:4PersonsCruising range: Approx. 700 km(in JC08 test cycle)
FCV-RConcept Vehicle at Tokyo Motor Show in 2011Concept Vehicle at Tokyo Motor Show in 2011
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 16
FCEV System Cost ReductionFCEV System Cost Reduction
Limited release phase Initial phase ofmarket penetration
Massproduction
1/20 or less
FC s
yste
m c
ost
Overcomingtechnical challenges
FCHV-adv
Economiesof scale
Design, materialand productiontechnologies
Reducing costs
Further costreduction
Growth phase ofmarket penetration
Low-volumeproduction
We are focusing on achieving 1/20 cost reduction of FC systemcompared with the current FCHV-adv towards commercialization
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 17
Cost Reduction : Elimination of componentsCost Reduction : Elimination of componentsHumidifying Inlet AirHumidifying Inlet Air
Moisture exchangeHumidifier
Using humidifier systemTOYOTA FCHV-adv (’07MY)
Air channelMEA
H2 channel
Eliminate
In
Out
In
Out
Out
In
Air channelMEA
H2 channel
Out
In
Not using humidifier system(future)
We are trying to eliminate the external humidifierby re-circulating generated water in the FC stack itself
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 18
Generated water
Dry air MEA
4. Increase hydrogenrecirculation
3. Thinner electrolytemembrane
1. air & hydrogenCounter flow
2. Decrease carry outof generated water
H2channel
Airchannel
Cost Reduction : Re-circulation of generated waterCost Reduction : Re-circulation of generated water
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 19
(1) Reduce CFRP- Optimize layer structure (hoop winding / helical winding)- Optimize L/D- Optimize boss size
(2) Reduce cost of CFRP- Aviation grade => General-purpose gradeDevelop low-cost CFRP for high-pressure tank
Cross-section of tank bodyTank dimension
Liner(for H2 sealing)
CFRP(for holding H2 gas pressure)
L
ØD
Cost Reduction : Reduction of CFRP usage & material costCost Reduction : Reduction of CFRP usage & material costHigh-pressure Hydrogen TankHigh-pressure Hydrogen Tank
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 20
Reduction in size and weightReduction in size and weight
New FC stack
High-pressure hydrogen tank
Power density has been more than doubled
Achieved the world’s highest level of 3.0 kW/L
Reduced FC system size World’s highestWorld’s highest
Decrease in number of tanks pervehicle from four to twoRe-examination of materials used andmanufacturing process
Reduced costs
Allowing under-seat layout to be realized
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 21
0
MEA1 MEA2
MEA3
MEA1MEA2
MEA3
MEA4
MEA4
Max
imum
Out
put
Cro
ssov
erAm
ount
Reductionof physicaldeterioration
Thresholdlimit value
Thresholdlimit value
Durability (year equivalent)
Initial phase ofdevelopment
Initial phase ofdevelopment
Durability is steadily improvingIt is important to balance performance, durability and cost
Improving durability of FC stackImproving durability of FC stack
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 22
Pilot program 12.2012-03.2014 Under consideration (@ dealers)
Toyota Motor CorporationFCEV
Hino Motors, Ltd.FC bus
Toyota IndustriesCorporation : FC forklift
Aisin Seiki Co., Ltd.Co-gen. SOFC system
Toyota Tsusho Corporationsmall H2 filling station
A Broad Range of Initiatives in the Toyota GroupA Broad Range of Initiatives in the Toyota Group
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 23
In operation Planned Not in operation
50 sites by 2015[public-private basicagreement in June 2012]
3 sites in 2012 (Toyota City andothers)[Press release in June 2012 ]Approx. 100 sites by 2015[as stated in Japan ReconstructionStrategy in July 2012]
Hawaii
California New YorkFrance
U.K.Germany
Scandinavia
JapanKorea
China
Project started,aiming for 100 sitesby 2020
37 sites by 2014(plans for 68 sites in 2015)[July 2012 CaFCP Roadmap]
Several hundreds of hydrogen stations are expectedto be installed worldwide by 2015
Worldwide Location of Hydrogen StationsWorldwide Location of Hydrogen Stations
Areas where infrastructuredevelopment can beexpected from early 2015
Areas where infrastructuredevelopment can beexpected after 2015
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 24
Hydrogen Station Establishment in JapanHydrogen Station Establishment in Japan
Example of container-type low cost station (Linde, Germany)
1. Hydrogen station deployment
- Material standards- Pressure standards- Accumulator structure
- Adjacent stations- Periodic inspection
- Self-service stations,
2. Station technology development 3. Regulation review
“Action plan for regulation review” wasannounced in Dec 2010.
“Earlycommercialization”In 4 majormetropolitan areas100 stations
“Commercializationexpanding”47 prefecturalcapitals covered800 stations
“Masscommercialization”Nation-wide hydrogennet established5,000 stations
2015 2025 from 2030 onward
Commercializationstart in 2015
Based on the proposal of Council of Competitiveness-Nippon (COCN)
method
etc.
Need to solve these 3 issues for hydrogen station establishment
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 25
Hydrogen Stations in the US (CA and NY)Hydrogen Stations in the US (CA and NY)
Wide H2 coverage inSouthern CA
• 10 stations today• 20 to 23 stations will be operating in CA by 2013.• Expecting 40+ stations by 2015.• NY State Hydrogen Highway under
development but targeting 100 station by 2020*
70 MPa
35 MPa
Source: NYSERDA, State of New York
CA Expectation by 2013
NY 2020 Image
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 26
Hydrogen Station Discussion in EuropeHydrogen Station Discussion in Europe
Nordic
UK
H2 Mobility
UK H2 Mobility
Germany
MoU with UKauthorities andIndustry, Jan 2012
MoU with GermanGovernment andIndustry , Sep 2009
MoU with NordicH2 companies,NGO and Industry,Oct 2012
Government – Industries Discussion (MOU) are in progressSources: Netinform website
SHHP
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 27
Introduction of FCEV and Infrastructure Scenario(Image in Japan)
Introduction of FCEV and Infrastructure Scenario(Image in Japan)
Expansion ofestablishment
FY2011
FY2012
FY2013 2014 2015
FY2016 ~ 2020
FY2021 ~ 2025
FY2026 ~
Hydrogenstation
FCEV
Infrastructureregulation
review
FCCJproposal
Decisionfor FY 2013~2015
1st 2nd
1st generation2nd generation
3rd generation
Precedingestablishment
Approx. 100 stationsmainly in 4 major
metropolitan areas
Commercial stationdemonstration(pre-preceding)
Precedingstation open
Technologydemonstration
Early Establishment1
Step by step100 stations + α
Early Establishment2
Step by step~ 800 stations
Decisionfor FY 2018~
Decisionfor FY 2021~
Decision on introduction of1st generation andinvestment
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 28
Power Supply System : HV/PHEV CasePower Supply System : HV/PHEV Case
HV Prius PHEV
An outlet which can easily powerdomestic electrical appliances
Provides a safe and secure supply ofelectric power using a vehicle powerconnector
Vehicle power connector (AC 100 V, 1500 W)
Center console
Outlet inside the cabin (AC 100 V, 1500 W)
Rear storage area
- Estima HV (since Jan. 2001)- CT 200h (since Aug. 2012)- Alphard HV, Vellfire HV
(since Sept. 2012)More models will be added
Outlet also inside the cabin
Expand the auxiliary emergency power system to more models
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 29
*Fully fueled FC bus;Power consumption for lighting :100kWh X 12 hours of lighting a day
Can supply power to an averagehousehold for longer than a week
Can supply power for evacuation center(school gymnasium) lighting for about 5 days
FCstack
Inverter Inverter
FCEV sedan FCEV bus
Develop FCEV system for large power supply in emergencies
Power Supply System : FCEV CasePower Supply System : FCEV Case
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 30
Hygrid ConceptHygrid Concept
PHEVEV
Job creation andindustrialdevelopment
Electricity
Hydrogen
Heat
ElectrolysisHeatutilization
Renewableenergy
Surpluselectricity
Electricity grid
FC busFCEV FC forklift
Hydrogen grid
Fossil fuelGas supply
Emergencypower feeding
Independent disasterprevention centerfor emergency
Mass introduction ofrenewable energy andstored energy
Local production forlocal consumption ofenergy
Energy Storage
Source: HyGrid Study Group
Biomass, etc.
Residential cogenerationsystem (ENE FARM)
Thermal powergeneration
TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPE 31
Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention