Technologies to Enable Wind Power Integration

John Kehler

Technical Lead – System Performance

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Presentation Outline

• The AESO

• Overview of Wind Development in Alberta

• Technologies

– Wind Power Forecasting

– System Operator Tools

– Flexible Resources• Supply resources

• Demand resources

• Supply-demand resources (storage)

• Access to Flexible Resources

– Interties

– Wind Power Management

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Who is the AESO

• Established in 2003 through the Electric Utility Act

• Independent System Operator

• Not for profit organization

• Independent of market participants

• Governed by independent board appointed by the Minister of Energy

• Regulated by the Alberta Utilities Commission

• Operation funded through Trading Charge and Transmission Tariff

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AESO Mandate

• Market DevelopmentDesign a fair, efficient and openly competitive market for electricity.

• Transmission System DevelopmentPlan and develop a reliable transmission system that facilitates the competitive market and investment in new supply.

• Transmission System AccessProvide system access for generation and load customers.

• System and Market OperationsDirect the reliable operation of the electricity system and market.

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Alberta’s Electric Industry

• 10,236 MW peak and 80% LF• 12,781 MW total generation

• Over 280 generating units• Wholesale market with about 200

market participants• > 21,000 km of transmission • Interties BC (up to 780 MW) & Sask.

(up to 150 MW)

BC

AlbertaSask

5,946 MW

5,071 MW (Other renewables)264 MW

(Wind)629 MW

871 MW

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Wind Power Development

• 629 MW of transmission connected wind generation today

• Additional facilities will be commissioned by the end of 2010

• Staged transmission plans in place to accommodate up to 4000 MW in the next few years

• 8000 MW of wind generation interest in the queue today

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Wind Integration and Power Systems

• The discussion will focus primarily on supply demand balancing

• Wind power will introduce Variability and Uncertainty into system operations and planning

• Variability of supply resources requires Flexibility of other resources to keep the system in supply-demand balance

– Flexible resources can be supply resources or load resources

• Uncertainty can be reduced through accurate Forecasting

• Technology will help you either;

– Manage Variability

– Manage Uncertainty

– Reduce Uncertainty / Variability

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Wind Integration and Power Systems

• Manage Variability

– Flexible resources and access to Flexible resources

– Power management of the variable resources

• Manage Uncertainty

– Typically automatic controls such AGC and Regulating Reserves (Additional ramping services are being looked at in Alberta)

– Reduce Uncertainty

– Forecasting

– Power management of the variable resources

Technology to Enable Wind Integration

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Wind Power Forecasting

• 2005 – AESO studies indicate increased uncertainty and variability from wind generation require mitigation. Wind power forecasting is one of the mitigating tools.

• Pilot project ran from 2007 to 2008

• Work group recommendations to AESO Q3 2008

• Stakeholder consultation Q2 2009

• Contract signed with WEPROG – Jan 2010 to provide;

– Long term forecast

– Short term (ramp tuned) forecast• Wind power forecast based on global weather data (long term) posted on the

AESO website – June 2010

• Short term forecasting requirements and systems are under development

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Wind Power Forecasting Forecast Example

http://www.aeso.ca/gridoperations/20874.html

Uncertainty in the forecast magnitude

Uncertainty in the forecast time

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Wind Power Forecasting Monthly Performance

http://www.aeso.ca/gridoperations/20877.html

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System Operator Tools

• We anticipate that the wind power forecasts will have a;

– much larger degree of error (magnitude and time) as compared to load forecasts

– high degree of variability

– high degree of uncertainty

• Therefore, we considered more innovative and meaningful ways to provide forecasting information to the system operator.

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System Operator Tools

• Integrating forecasts into market operation will have varied use from a “dispatch decision” to keep the system in balance over the next 20 minutes to “resource decisions” in the next few hour to days.

Intra-Hour Intra-day Day-Ahead +

Market InformationOperating reserve forecasts and procurement

Supply adequacy assessment

- Market Information- Additional Operating

Reserve dispatches-ATC posting updates-Short term adequacy

-assessment

EnergyMarket

dispatches

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System Operator ToolsDispatch Decision Support Tool

System Supply and Control

• Energy Market Merit Order

• Generator ramping characteristics

• Regulating reserve merit order

• Load Supply Following (new)

• Wind Power Management (WPM) new

System Change• Load forecast

• Actual and forecast Interchange Schedules

•3 Modes for Wind power forecast

•Input External Wind Power Forecast and Uncertainty

•Persistence Forecast

•Persistence Ramp Forecast

System Considerations• ATC Limits

• Uncertainty Analysis (new)

System Status• What has been dispatched

• Actual generator output

ToolAssess the situation & risk of:

- System Ramping Capability- Supply Shortfall issue

- Supply Surplus (Zero-offer) issue- Minimum technical output issue

OTC violation issue

• Energy Market Dispatch• Trigger Supply surplus procedure• Trigger Supply shortfall procedure• Trigger Additional AS procedure• Trigger WPM procedure

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Flexible Resources to Enable Wind Integration

• Conventional Generation– Increase their ramp rate capability– Increase their operating range

• by decreasing minimum stable operating condition

– Increased flexibility can be offered to the energy or ancillary service markets

• Load Resources– Reduce or increase demand to system

operating needs– Reduction of demand can be offered in the

ancillary service markets (supplemental reserves)

– Exploring opportunities for demand response in the energy markets

http://cache3.asset-cache.net/xc/1345170.jpg?v=1&c=IWSAsset&k=2&d=77BFBA49EF878921F7C3FC3F69D929FD7BC2EAE07FF3BC2AB63CD5CF524E1D3B4FECAFC04AA11091E30A760B0D811297

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Flexible Resources to Enable Wind Integration

• Storage Facilities

– These are “very flexible” facilities

– Store energy when acting like a load

– Produce energy when acting like a generator

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Examples of Storage Facilities

http://www.keyitec.com/PowerBlock.jpg

http://web.ead.anl.gov/saltcaverns/images/compair.jpg

http://www.fhc.co.uk/images/pics/pumped_storage.jpg

http://www.electricitystorage.org/images/uploads/photo_flywheels_1large.jpg

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Interties and Flexibility

• Current practice is hourly intervals for schedules

• Future is to reduce the scheduling intervals

• This provides faster access to flexible resources in our jurisdictions

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What is Wind Power Management

• In Alberta this refers to the ability at a Wind Power Facility to:

– Ramp rate limit the MW output

– Power Limit the MW output

– Reduce the MW output to ‘over frequency’ conditions

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Thank You

www.aeso.ca

John.kehler@aeso.ca

403-539-2622