technologies in municipal watermohua.gov.in/.../cii_water_technology_ppt_rreview_0.pdf ·...
TRANSCRIPT
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Drinking Water Supply in India
Sources of Raw Water
Ground water (direct
through tube wells –
supplied after minimum
treatment) –scenario is
changing due to ground
water pollution
Surface water –through
intake structure in rivers
(Supplied after
treatment in centralized
water treatment plant)
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Technologies in Ground Water Treatment
Major contaminants – Fluoride ,
Nitrate, Arsenic, Salinity (TDS) ,
iron etc
Present treatment technologies
Boiling, filtration and
chlorination for relatively good
source
Fluoride - Activated alumina
treatment / Nalgonda
treatment (Alum & lime)
High salinity (TDS) - Reverse
osmosis
NITRATE - Resin based
treatment
ARSENIC - Activated alumina,
oxidation with chlorine
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Technologies for Surface Water Treatment
Aeration in cascade
aerators (to remove
iron/manganese)
Chemicals –
Alum/lime/polyelectroly
te followed by
flocculation and
coagulation
Clarifications/sedimentati
on (Innovations possible in
clarifier design)
Filtration (Innovations
possible in filter bed
composition)
Post Chlorination
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Innovative Technologies - High rate solids contact type Lamella clarifier
Features:
Compact, Versatile & robust
Inbuilt Thickener
Very efficient
High Quality Water
Multiple applications
Typical applications:
Clarification, Lime Softening
Primary & Tertiary Clarification
Carbonate removal, Metal Precipitation,
Colour removal
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Innovative Technologies - Pulsating sludge blanket type clarifier
Features:• Modular & robust process
• Rectangular Flat Bottom RCC Tank
• No underwater moving parts
• Even water distribution over entire
bottom
• Even sludge withdrawal across the
tank
Typical applications :
Raw Water Clarification (River, Dam, Reservoir)
Clarification of Water with Algae
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Roadmap for Water Treatment Technologies
Encouraging and adopting community based RO &
Resin based treatment for tackling
Nitrate/TDS/Fluoride in ground water
Replacing space taking conventional clarifiers
with ultra filtration membrane in proposed
projects
Refurbishment of existing clarifiers with lamella
plates to increase efficiency
Using multimedia structure in new and existing
filter beds
Installing PLC in existing and proposed water
treatment plants for proper management
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Roadmap for Water Treatment Technologies
Encouraging application of high efficiency
pumps and motors in water treatment plants
and transmission system
Latest lining technologies for transmission
and distribution system
Adopting latest metering appliances for
establishing accountability
Use of quality pipes and accessories from
supply lines to the individual house
connections
Develop community based water connections
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Technologies for sewage generated Classified under three categories based on performance
parameters, land requirement, energy demand:
Category I: Good performance, Low energy requirement, low
resource requirement and associated costs, High land requirement
(BOD <30, SS < 30)
Category II: Good performance and high energy requirement , high
resource requirement and other associated costs , moderately low
land requirement (BOD <30, SS < 30)
Category II (Improved version): Very Good performance and Very
high energy requirement , very high resource requirement and
associated costs, low land requirement (BOD <20, SS < 20)
Category III: Moderate performance, moderate energy
requirement, moderate resource requirement and associated costs,
moderate low land requirement (BOD <30, SS < 30)
© Confederation of Indian Industry
STP Technologies under category I
Waste stabilization
pond (WSP)
Duckweed pond
systems (DPS)
Facultative aerated
lagoons (FAL)
Slow rate trickling
filter (TF)
© Confederation of Indian Industry
STP Technologies under category II
Activated sludge
process and its
modifications (ASP)
Up flow Anaerobic
sludge blanket
process (UASB) with
facultative aerated
lagoons (FAL)
Up flow Anaerobic
sludge blanket
process (UASB) with
ASP
© Confederation of Indian Industry
STP Technologies under category II continue
BIOFOR process
Biofor F with multimedia
Filter
FAB (Fluidized Aerobic Bed
MBBR (Moving bed bio
reactor)
SAFF (Submerged aerobic
fixed film)
SBR (Sequential Bio Reactor
Process)
MBR (Membrane bio reactor)
© Confederation of Indian Industry
STP Technologies under category III
Facultative aerated
lagoons (FAL)
followed by
maturation pond
High rate trickling
filter (TF) with both
gravel and plastic
media followed by
maturation pond
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Few examples location wise in India
ASP 60 MLD plant at Allahabad
UASB 78MLD with bio gas utilization in Agra / 20
MLD bio gas utilization in Faridabad
UASB + ASP 43 MLD in Vadodara
UASB + FAL +FAU 172 MLD in Hyderabad
BIOFOR F 182 MLD STP in Delhi
FAB / SAFF 3 MLD plant in Delhi / 42 MLD Lucknow
SBR C tech 100 MLD in Nerul/12.5 MLD at Panjim
MBR 1 MLD at Tidel park Chennai
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Assessment of technologiessource -NRCD
Waste stabilisation pond system
Land – 0.8 -2.3 hectares/MLD
Energy - Negligible
CAPEX: Rs1.5-4.5 million per MLD capacity
O&M: Rs0.06-0.1 million/year/MLD
Duckweed Pond System
Land – 2 - 6 hectares/MLD
Energy - Negligible
CAPEX: Rs1.5-4.5 million per MLD capacity
O&M: Rs0.18 million/year/MLD
Facultative Aerated lagoon
Land – 0.27-0.4 hectares/MLD (higher than ASP)
Energy – 18KWh/ML treated (much lower than ASP)
CAPEX: Rs2.2 – 2.9 million per MLD capacity
O&M: Rs0.15 -0.2 million/year/MLD
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Assessment of technologies
Trickling Filter
Land – 0.25 -0.65 hectares/MLD
Energy – 180KWh/ML treated
CAPEX: Lower than ASP
O&M: Lower than ASP
Activated sludge process
Land – 0.15 -0.25 hectares/MLD
Energy – 180-225 KWh/ML treated
CAPEX: Rs 2 - 4 million per MLD capacity (Around 55% is civil cost)
O&M: Rs0.3-0.5 million/year/MLD
Biofor
Land – 0.04 hectares/MLD
Energy – 220-335 KWh/ML treated
CAPEX: Rs6.5-8.1 million per MLD capacity
O&M: 0.86 million/year/MLD
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Assessment of technologies
High rate activated sludge Biofor F Technology
Land – 0.08 hectares/MLD (Much lower than ASP)
Energy – 180KWh/ML treated (85% met through power from biogas)
CAPEX: Rs 5.2 million per MLD capacity Rs 5.2 million per MLD capacity
O&M: Rs 0.18 million per MLD capacity
Fluidized Aerated Bed (FAB)
Land – 0.06 hectares/MLD
Energy – 99-170 KWh/ML treated
CAPEX: Rs 3-5 million per MLD capacity (30% is plastic media cost)
O&M: Rs0.6-0.75 million/year/MLD (50% higher than ASP)
Submerged Aeration Fixed Film (SAFF) technology
Land – 0.05 hectares/MLD
Energy – 390 KWh/ML treated
CAPEX: Rs7 million per MLD capacity
O&M: 1.14 million/year/MLD
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Assessment of technologies
Cyclic Activated Sludge Process
Land – 0.1 -0.15 hectares/MLD
Energy – 150-200 KWh/ML treated
CAPEX: -
O&M: Higher than ASP
Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) process
Land – 0.2-0.3 hectares/MLD
Energy – 10-15 KWh/ML treated
CAPEX: Rs 2.5 – 3.6 million per MLD capacity
O&M: Rs0.08 – 0.17 million/year/MLD
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Roadmap in Wastewater Treatment
Activated sludge process with 24 x 7 committed power
supply should be adopted with mandatory provision for
installing gas engine to partially offset the energy
requirement. Treated wastewater should be linked to
irrigation.
Polishing units (Such as - Pressure sand filters,
Activated carbon filter & chlorination unit) should be
added after ASP for utilizing the treated water for
landscaping, gardening. (Thus conserving fresh water)
Suitable sludge treatment technology should be
adopted in all STPs, to be linked up with Bio fertilizer
market
© Confederation of Indian Industry
Roadmap in Wastewater Treatment
Sequential Batch Reactor / Membrane Bio Reactor is
advisable for projects linking industrial requirement of
treated wastewater from the municipals.
Decentralization of sewage treatment units across the
city should be encouraged rather than putting all the
sewage of the city at one place. This would allow
flexibility in choosing technology options.
Compact localized treatment like Rotating biological
contactor, Moving Bed Bio Reactor, root zone
treatment should be adopted for on site treatment in
large institutions, offices and hotels