technological ethics

7/29/2019 Technological ethics

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Basic Framework of Normative

Ethics


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Normative Ethics

Normative means something that

guides or controls

Aims to discover what should bethe moral standards that are

supported by the best reasons


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Normative Ethics

in Management

Deontological

TheoryTeleological

Theory

EthicalEgoism

UtilitarianPrinciple Kantianism

UniversalismDistributive

JusticeAltruism


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Teleological theory

Derived from Greek word telos means

end

Determine ethics of an act by looking to

the consequences of the decision (The

Ends) Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice are

based on teleological approach


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Ethical Egoism

An action is good if it produces result tomaximize persons self-interest at the expense

of others. It denies that a person should help others

when the person will get nothing out of it.

Enlightened egoism is enlightened self interestconsiders the long range perspective of otheror humanity on the whole.


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Utilitarian Principle

Utilitarian

principle

Universalism Consequentialism

Maximalism Hedonism


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Strengths & Weaknesses of

Teleological theory They provide a relatively precise and objective method

for moral decision making

They are in accord with much of our ordinary moralreasoning; An action would provide some benefit orinflict harm. This is morally relevant reason for oragainst performing it.

Some moral reasoning are non-teleological incharacter


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Deontological Theory Derived from greek word deon means duty This approach believes we have a duty not to

do bad

Bribery is wrong by its very nature regardless ofthe consequences

It is non-consequential theory

Determine the ethics of an act by looking atthe process of the decision (The means)

Kantianism is based on deontological approach


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Deontology vs Utilitarianism

Principle inherent in action Outside the action

Individuals are valuable in

themselves

Criticized because it makes

sacrifice, some people for

sake of others

According to deontologistsutilitarian go wrong when they fix

on happiness as the highest good.

They point out that happiness

cannot be the highest good forhumans

Concerned with total amountof happiness

Theory asserts that there are some

actions that are always wrong, no

matter what consequences

Right or wrong are

dependent on consequences

vary with the circumstances


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Kantianism- Immanuel Kant For Bentham it is Happiness, for Kant it is

goodwill

An action is morally right only if the person

performing it is motivated by a good will andvice-versa.

A goodwill means action done for reasons of

principle from a sense of duty, nothing else.


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Kantianism vs UtilitarianismDetails Kantianism Utilitarianism

Explicit and direct appeal to

consequences in

determining right or wrong

Absent yes

Motive for action Sole importance Incidental

Permit sacrifice of

individuals or minorities to

collective self interest

No Yes

Ethics of: Duty Welfare

Theory: Non Consequentialism(Deontological) Consequentialism

Formulations on: Sense of Duty, Categorical

imperative maxim

Utility, Maximise happiness,

Hedonism

Common good must have

priority over every thing else

Yes No


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Strengths of Deontological Theory

This theory makes more sense in cases

where consequences seem to be irrelevant

It is the way they account for the role of

motives in evaluating actions


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Weaknesses of Deontological theory

Failure to provide a plausible account of howour moral obligations and resolve problems ofmoral conflict

Rules in Rosss theory is plausible; No reason isprovided in accepting these rule

Rosss rules are open to ethnocentrism

There is no order of priority to guide in cases

where they conflict


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Virtue Ethics- Aristotle

It asks What kind of person should we be?

It does three things

It defines the concept of virtue

It must offer some list of virtues It offers some justification of that list

and explain how we define what arevirtues and vices


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Virtue Ethics

Emphasizes on role of individual traits

Virtue is defined as a character trait thatmanifests itself in habitual action

For Greeks virtue means Excellence

Virtue Ethics= Excellence of Human

Character


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Strengths

Help to resolve Ethical Dilemmas

It takes into account the importance

of relationships.


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Ethical Relativism

There is no universal set of principles bywhich to judge morality

Each society has its rules and it isinappropriate to compare ethical rules ofone society with that of another

Relativists thus rule out possibility ofdiscussion across societies on ethical issues.


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Thank You

technological ethics

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