techno prevod commercial intelligence report video surveillance

8/12/2019 Techno prevod Commercial Intelligence Report Video Surveillance

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Inteligentni Video Nadzor: Obecanja i PromeneTechnological and Commercial Intelligence ReportValérie GouaillierCRIMude!"mmanuelle #leurantTechnop$le %e&ence and 'ecurit(March )**+,pdated pril -. )**+



Centre de recherche in&ormati/ue de Montréal550 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 100Montréal, Québec H3A 1B9Technop$le %e&ence and 'ecurit(Building 00, !""ice 10#South Site $ %&%' (alcartier )59 *ie$+ -orth Bl.dQuébec, Québec /3 1+5his intelligence re2ort as 4ade 2ossibleith the "inancial su22ort o" ndustr 'anada

and o" the Minist6re du %é.elo22e4ent écono4i7ue, del8nno.ation et de l8:2ortation du Québec, 4ain "unding 2artner o" the '&M'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort

Opening Remar01The Centre de recherche informatique de Montréal (CRIM) and Technopôle Defence andSecurity are proud to present this intelligence report outlining intelligent ideo sureillancetechnology for the security of indiiduals and places! as "ell as the #ooming mar$et itrepresents%&er the past decade! the security of indiiduals and property! and the security of

information hae #ecome ma'or glo#al issues% aced "ith pro#lems such as the fightagainst terrorism! enhanced national security and the rapid deelopment of cy#ercrime! our societies are increasingly inesting in protection% This sector therefore offers greatopportunities for #usinesses! #oth "ith respect to technological deelopment and serices%Information and communications technologies in particular proide ne" and sophisticatedsolutions for physical and IT security%mong the solutions proposed! ideo sureillance is one of the oldest and most "idespreadsecurity technologies% lthough still mostly analogical! it is undergoing a digital reolution"ith the ongoing transition to ideos on I* net"or$s% Sometimes integrating hundreds of

cameras! these ne" systems create a huge amount of ideo information that cannot #eprocessed only #y security agent screen sureillance% To resole this issue! intelligent ideosureillance! #y ideo analytic! can process the information #y soft"are analysis in order to$eep only the data releant to security%+ideo sureillance is no" at a turning point% ,hat does the I* shift represent and "hat isthe full potential of ideo analytics- This report is directed to a non.e/pert pu#lic andcoers the main aspects of the issue0 applications! the latest technology in ideo analytics!user needs! deelopment and trends in this field! and main players in the ideo sureillanceindustry! especially in 1ue#ec%

point of conergence for ICT research conducted #y the CRIM and security researchconducted #y Technopôle Defence and Security! intelligent ideo sureillance "as a ma'or platform for an initial 'oint report% or 1ue#ec #usinesses and researchers speciali2ed inICT! this emerging sector offers ne" technological deelopment and serices opportunitiesthat "e had to define and distri#ute%TDS contacted the CRIM for the monitoring #ased on its ideo sureillance e/pertise%CRIM3s +ision and Imaging Team in the R4D Diision has actually #een inoled in thissector since 5667! through different multi.partner mandates! including the follo"ingpro'ects0

•Monitoring of Extended Premises - Tracking Pedestrians Using a Network of Loosely Coupled Cameras (MNNET pro!ect"# Implemented #y the +ision and Digital Systems 8a#oratory of 9niersité 8aal! the purpose of this pro'ect "as to deelop an intelligent'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll i h d 009 '&M d h ;l % " d S i



ision system for monitoring people in pu#lic places% The CRIM team contri#uted "ith the face recognition and facial e/pressions module% This pro'ect "as funded in part #y the *recarn program aimed at uniersity.drien research (*98) and pro'ect "on the :est Demo "ard at the *recarn nnual IS.566; Conference%• $ntelligent Pan%Tilt%&oom Camera for 'ecurity pplications (PT& pro!ect"# Implemented #y +ideo,ae <et"or$s! the purpose of this pro'ect "as to deelop an intelligent *an=Tilt=>oom camera for ideo sureillance soft"are% The CRIM team "as a partner in the deelopment and implementation of o#'ect follo"ing and recognition algorithms% *T> "as funded in part #y the *recarn.CRIM lliance *rogram% This pro'ect "on the &CTS 566? Technological Innoation "ard gien to #oth +ideo,ae <et"or$s and the CRIM #y édération de l3informatique du 1ué#ec%•)ideo 'cene Understanding for t*e )'T neTrack 'ystem ()$'U pro!ect"# This pro'ect is designed to deelop an adanced ersion of the intelligent scene analysis module deeloped as part of the *T> pro'ect% The CRIM team is responsi#le for! among other things! deeloping and testing algorithms for pedestrian counting and for detecting a#normal car tire trac$ situations% This pro'ect is also funded in part #y the *recarn.

CRIM lliance *rogram%@ien the e/plosion of actiities in the ideo sureillance sector! CRIM had #een floatingaround the idea of moing for"ard "ith strategic monitoring since 566A% Than$s to fundingfrom Industry Canada! TDS and CRIM "ere finally a#le to complete this report% %,e "ould li$e to e/tend our sincere than$s to each person "ho "or$ed on this study and toour goernment partners% Bour 'udicious contri#utions made this pro'ect possi#le%Alain FecteauChairman and C&Technopôle Defence and Security

Jacques Ouellet Senior+ice.*resident! R 4 D Commerciali2ationCRIM'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age )



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortTABLE OF CONTENTSOPENING REMARKS ..................................................................................................................... 3TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. 5EEC!TI"E S!MMAR# ............................................................................................................... $INTRO%!CTION ........................................................................................................................... &&ACKNO'LE%GEMENTS ............................................................................................................ &(

&.%EFINITION OF T)E FIEL%............................................................................................. &*&.&&.(&.3Secu+it,........................................................................................................................... &*"i-e Su+/eillance......................................................................................................... &5Intelli0ent "i-e Su+/eillance ...................................................................................... &1%7%Reasons for 9sing Intelligent +ideo Sureillance %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% A%7%5actors Determining the Choice of an Intelligent +ideo Sureillance System E(.SECTORS OF APPLICATION............................................................................................ &$(.&(.((.3(.*G/e+n2ent an- Pulic Secu+it,................................................................................. (4

E-ucatin ....................................................................................................................... (&Retail T+a-e ................................................................................................................... (&T+ans+tatin............................................................................................................... ((5%F%irports%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 575%F%5Stations and pu#lic transportation %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 575%F%7*orts %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5FBan6 Settin0................................................................................................................... (*Ga2in0 In-ust+, an- Casins...................................................................................... (*Ot7e+............................................................................................................................... (5

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ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort7%%57%%77%%F7%%% cquisition %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5;7%%%5 Transmission %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5?7%%%7 Compression%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5A

7%%%F *rocessing%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5A7%%%; rchiing%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5G7%%%? Display%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5Eolution of +ideo Sureillance Systems %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 5E7%%5% irst @eneration0 nalogue %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 767%%5%5 Second @eneration0 The Hy#rid System %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 767%%5%7 Third @eneration0 I* Digital%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 75I* +ideo Sureillance%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 75rchitecture of an Intelligent +ideo Sureillance <et"or$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7F

7%%F% Centrali2ed rchitecture%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7;7%%F%5 Distri#uted rchitecture %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7;3.(Tec7nl0ical Status 9 "i-e Anal,tics ..................................................................... 357%5%Description of +ideo nalytics Techniques%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7? 7%5%% Detection of Changes %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7A 7%5%%5 Trac$ing &#'ects %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 7E 7%5%%7 Classification and Identification of &#'ects %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% F6 7%5%%F Classification of ctiities and :ehaiours %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% F

7%5%%; Cro"d nalysis %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% F5 7%5%%? ctie +ideo Sureillance in Multi.Camera Systems %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% F77%5%5nalytics in Commercial Systems%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% FF7%5%7+ideo nalytics <eeds and Challenges %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% F?Tec7nl0ical T+en-s 9+ "i-e Su+/eillance............................................................. *$3.3*.%ESCRIPTION OF T)E SEC!RIT# AN% "I%EO S!R"EILLANCE MARKET ..... 54*.&

*.(Glal Secu+it, Ma+6et ................................................................................................ 54"i-e Su+/eillance Ma+6et ........................................................................................... 5(F%5%+ideo Sureillance Mar$et Driing orces%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ;7



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort5.ISS!ES .................................................................................................................................... 8*5.&5.(5.3P+tectin 9 P+i/ac,..................................................................................................... 8*

E99ecti/eness 9 "i-e Su+/eillance in Re-ucin0 C+i2e............................................ 85Stan-a+-s 9+ IP "i-e ................................................................................................. 81BIBLIOGRAP)#............................................................................................................................ 8$APPEN%I & < MAJOR RESEARC) PROGRAMS IN INTELLIGENT "I%EO S!R"EILLANCE ........................................................ 11APPEN%I ( < RESEARC) GRO!PS =:!EBEC AN% T)E !.S.>......................................... 1$APPEN%I 3 < "I%EO S!R"EILLANCE COMPANIES =:!EBEC AN% ELSE')ERE> ;&APPEN%I * < COMPANIES SPECIALI?E% IN "I%EO ANAL#TICS SOFT'ARE %ESIGN .................................................................................................................... ;$APPEN%I 5 < "I%EO S!R"EILLANCE RESO!RCES ......................................................... $8'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age =




T23" O# #IG,R"'+igure , 'ur.eillance Cameras######################################################################################## ,/+igure 0 1uman Monitor Controlling 'e.eral 'creens ################################################### ,2+igure 3 E.olution of )ideo 'ur.eillance E4uipment###################################################### 05+igure 6 7!ect 8etection and Tracking########################################################################## 39+igure / 'egmentation of an $ndi.idual in )ideo +ootage ############################################## 32

+igure 9 Tracking of 7!ect Tra!ectories on )ideo +ootage########################################### 6:+igure ; 7!ect Classification (1umans .s# )e*icles" #################################################### 6:+igure 2 License Plate 8etection #################################################################################### 6,+igure 5 Ta7le Taken from t*e <eport on Plans and Priorities= 0::/-0::9 to 0::2-0::5 ########################################################################################################################## /,'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort"4"C,TIV" ',MMR5In e/istence for oer ;6 years! monitoring using closed.circuit teleision (CCT+) systemshas undergone ast technological progress% This technological and commercial intelligencereport ta$es stoc$ of the most recent adance in the field0 the shift to intelligent I* ideosureillance%The emergence of the first digital records a#out 56 years ago #egan a small reolution in

ideo sureillance% Since then! although there is still a ast array of analogue equipment!CCT+ net"or$s are increasingly integrating digital components% Moreoer! ideosureillance is migrating to"ards computer net"or$s! transmitting ideo #y I* protocol! inan Intranet or the Internet% lthough still primarily limited to institutional sectors(goernments! controlling forces! transportation systems and educational institutions)! I*ideo sureillance has surfaced as an irreersi#le trend for the future% The costs! computer and net"or$ configurations required for it currently preent it from #eing adopted #ysmaller users%Ho"eer! sureillance cameras and archial images are on the rise% Intelligent soft"are for

processing and managing all of these security ideos and that analyses camera images has#een deeloped to detect and follo" o#'ects and report suspicious eents% Still quite recentand un$no"n! this technology! called ideo analytics! offers the promise of #etter ideosureillance% In physical security! the operating paradigm is increasingly shifting from post.incident inestigation to preention% +ideo analytics could #ecome a solution in detectingsuspicious situations in real time for immediate interention% It also ma$es it possi#le tosae on the #and"idth #y only transmitting releant sureillance data and improe searchcapa#ilities in archied footage%Detection of moement! detection and trac$ing of o#'ects! and face and license plate

recognition under controlled conditions are currently "ell esta#lished techniques in ideoanalytics% Ho"eer! fe" systems are ro#ust enough to deal "ith ariations andunfaoura#le conditions of the enironment (change in outdoor lighting! rain! sno"! etc%)Recogni2ing o#'ects and people in loaded scenes! identifying a person #ased on gait!recogni2ing comple/ #ehaiours and conducting analytics in multi.camera systems areamong the main challenges of research in this field%In the mid.term! $ey factors for intelligent I* ideo sureillance success could #e ) drop incosts 5) a #oom in megapi/el cameras using effectie compression techniques (e%g%!H%5?F) and 7) greater aaila#ility of intelligent cameras! "ith improed analytical

processing%ccording to different studies! in 566A the glo#al ideo sureillance mar$et generatedestimated reenues #et"een A%5; #illion and F #illion dollars (9S)! "hich could gro" toF? #illion in 567% 8i$e"ise! gro"th and gro"th forecasts in the I* ideo sureillance su#.'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortsector are quite strong% Intelligent ideo sureillance constitutes in itself a niche industrythat is 'ust starting out! #ut "hich to deelop in coming years% <e" applications! such asanaly2ing consumer #ehaiours and managing a company3s operations! could accelerate the#oom% Concern oer protecting priacy! the undemonstrated effectieness of ideotechnologies in reducing crime! and current efforts to esta#lish an I* ideo sureillancestandard are factors that may hae an impact on its use%

In 1ue#ec! ideo sureillance is quite "idespread in security and! li$e else"here! theinstitutional sector is conerting oer to I* technologies and certain analytical applications%There are seeral ideo sureillance suppliers! particularly distri#utors! installers andintegrators! #ut fe" ideo management or analytics soft"are designers% @enetec is a1ue#ec company that is #looming in this field since products in the 1ue#ec mar$et aremostly foreign%The 1ue#ec IT sector should #enefit from the shift to I* ideo sureillance to deelop ne"mar$ets% In order to care out a place in the highly competitie ideo sureillance industry!research companies and centres could ta$e the intelligent turn #y deeloping products in the

ideo analytics niche%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 10



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortINTRO%,CTIONThe goal of this technological and commercial intelligence report is to descri#e theintelligent ideo sureillance sector for the security of indiiduals and places% It is anemerging! little $no"n technology that is changing ho" traditional ideo sureillance isused and is opening up a "orld of opportunities! ma$ing it possi#le to foresee ne" mar$etsegments emerging in the security sector%

This document! intended for a non.e/pert audience! discusses the ins and outs of thistechnology and tries to characteri2e the mar$et it represents! not only glo#ally! #ut morespecifically in 1ue#ec% It contains information on ideo sureillance technology! itsapplication! shift to I* net"or$s! leading.edge ideo analytic techniques applica#le to it! itsneeds! the deelopments and trends in this field! the issues it raises! and the supply anddemand it generates%This report "as drafted follo"ing a documentation search and consultation of F e/perts inideo sureillance and security in 1ue#ec0 researchers! deelopers! integrators! installers!users and financial #ac$ers% It is diided into fie chapters0

% Definition of the field5% Sectors of application7% TechnologyF% Description of the security and ideo sureillance mar$et;% Issuesppendices 5! 7 and F list ideo analytics research groups and companies selling I* andintelligent ideo sureillance products and serices% description of ma'or researchprograms that gae rise to the intelligent ideo sureillance sector! as "ell as a list of security and ideo sureillance resources are also proided%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 11



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortC6NO73"%G"M"NT',e "ould li$e to than$ the follo"ing people for their alua#le colla#oration on this report%Jean<F+an@is B-a+- Information Technology diser Innoation and Transfer :ranchMinistJre du Déeloppement économique! de l3Innoation et de l3/portationRen B+e,el Chair

ClaridionAlain Janelle Chair +ideo,ae <et"or$s Inc%%aniel Jeansn Chair and Sales Manager S@*TIMa+tin Jncas Industrial Deelopment diser Computer quipment and InstrumentationMinistJre du Déeloppement économique! de l3Innoation et de l3/portationKua2e Kuacu Diision Manager

Main Directorate . MétroSociété de transport de MontréalF+-+ic6 Lan-+, *roduct Manager! +ideo Sureillance pplicationsImmer+ision%anielle Laie++e Superisor! Call Centreéroports de Montréal%enis Lau+en-eau ull *rofessor +ision and Digital Systems 8a#oratory9niersité 8aalAlain Ma+c7il-n +ice.*resident! Custom *anoramic pplicationsImmer+ision#/es Messie+ +ice.*resident! +ideo Sureillance pplicationsImmer+isionF+an@is Pin Chief &perationsirport *atrol! éroports de MontréalAn-+ Petitcle+c Director InestmentsInformation and Communications Technologies @roupSociété générale de financement du 1ué#ecJean<Pie++e Pica+- Mar$eting nalyst@enetecG7,slain P+ul TC* Senior *ro'ect ngineer Société de transport de Montréal



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortLuis Ric7e+ ssociate Director <et"or$ing and Communications Serice! +oice Technologies9niersité Mc@ill'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 13



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort89%"#INITION O# T" #I"3%898'ecurit(Security includes t"o aspects0 physical and logical security% *hysical security deals wit*p*ysical measures taken to keep personnel safe= pre.ent all unaut*ori>ed access to

e4uipment= installations= *ardware and documents= and to protect t*em against espionage=sa7otage= deterioration and t*eft , % It therefore coers the protection of indiiduals!property and places%8ogical security targets the protection of an organi2ation3s IT assets and focuses onimplementing a set of security measures to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of immaterial computer property and computer operations= and to protect t*em against anytype of accidental or *uman t*reat# T*e term immaterial computer property refers tosoftware= data and networks 0 % ,ith the computeri2ation and cy#ercrime it leads to!soft"are security! although quite recent! is gaining importance%

,hereas physical security is usually managed #y security staff (security officers! securityguards! police serices! etc%)! logical security #elongs to information technology specialistsand computer system administrators% Ho"eer! at a time "hen physical protection andsureillance are increasingly proided #y computer technologies! physical and soft"aresecurity tend to conerge%In its application! security may #e #ro$en do"n into fie functions0 ciil protection!preention! interention! inestigation and recoery% Since the eents of Septem#er !566! in the 9nited States! there has #een a noted paradigm shift in security% Thepreention of potentially catastrophic eents is more important than post.incident

inestigation% ,e loo$ for methods and technologies that "ill help us detect suspiciouseents and preent harm to people! properly! places and data%In Canada! although the feeling of insecurity is not as strong as in the 9nited States!fighting crime and reinforcing national security are still goernment priorities% Thee#ruary 566G federal #udget set aside K?76 million oer t"o years for la" and order% Thegoernment also allocated KF; million oer t"o years to #olster #order security% seriesof measures to that effect! such as the electronic passport scheduled for 566 and the use of #iometrics for issuing isas! has #een put in place% The Canadian goernment alsoannounced that the <ational Defence #udget "ill increase to a minimum of %;L per year

#y 566.%1

/rand dictionnaire ter4inologi7ue de l8!""ice de la langue "ran?aise du Québec@de4@'&M



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort1ue#ec has also affirmed its commitment to security% In its 566?.566E action plan arisingfrom the 1ue#ec International *olicy! the 1ue#ec Ministry of International Relations raisesthe importance to contri#uting to 1ue#ec3s and the <orth merican continent3s security0$t is first 7y protecting t*e citi>ens on its territory= 7y working to preser.e t*e free flowof discussion= 7y securing its strategic infrastructures and 7y ensuring t*at it does not7ecome a source of t*reat to its partners t*at t*e ?ue7ec go.ernment may 7est

contri7ute to international security goals# 389)Video Nadzor+ideo nad2or 'e deo fi2i$e $omponente #e2#ednosne idustri'e! $o'i ta$oNe u$l'uu'e i $ontrolu pristupa! dete$ci'u i gaOen'e po2ara! tehni$e$ara$teristi$e 2grada! sistemi $o'i o#e2#eNu'u indiidualnu #e2#ednost i dete$ci'u proale%

+ideo nad2or u$l'uu'e nad2or sa dal'ine 'anih i priatnih porOina! o#ini $oristePi snaQne operatine $amere $o'e prenose sli$u do ureNa'a2a nad2or $o'i snima'u i pusta'u sli$u na e$ran(igure ) F % &na snima sli$e l'udi u po$retu u cil'u praPen'a dola2a$a i odla2a$a! spreaan'e $raNa! preara i napada! $ao i upral'an'e

incidentima i $retan'e mase% ;#igure 8 ; 'igurno1ne 0amereIa$o 'e pri put upotre#l'en 'oO E;6.tih! nad2or upotre#om sistema telei2i'e 2atorenog $ruga (CCT+) 2aista se poePalo EA6.tih!pose#no u +eli$o' :ritani'i! u #or#i proti teroristi$ih a$tinosti% +eli$a :ritani'a 'e trenutno druOto sa na'ePim #ro'em nad2ora saprocen'enim #ro'em od pre$o F miliona $amera 2a nad2or postal'enih na n'eno' teritori'i%)5

Minist6re des &elations internationales du Québec,htt2<@4ri@gou.@7c@ca"r2oliti7ueinternationalesecuriteinde:@as2@/rand dictionnaire ter4inologi7ue de lC!""ice de la langue "ran?aise du Québec@htt2<"r@iki2edia@orgiki(idéosur.eillance@

'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 15



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortoriOPen'e ideo nad2or 'e inten2iirano to$om EE6.ih godina! ali 'e e$splodiralo na$on napada na SD u septem#ru 566! a 2atim i onog u8ondonu 566;%*orast straha od terori2ma ni'e 'edini fa$tor 2a usa'an'e tehnologi'e ideo nad2ora% &a tehnologi'a se po'al'u'e! $ao neophodna 2apracen'e posloan'a i upral'an'a #e2#ednosnim incidentima na 'anim i priatnim mestima% Ta$oNe 'e ne2amenl'i alat 2a reOaan'e istraga2loina! pre$rOa'a i sporoa% MeNutim! 'oO ni'e do$a2ano da ideo nad2or 2aista spreaa #e2#ednosne incidente ili sman'u'e stopu $riminala% closed.circuit teleision (CCT+) net"or$ ? is a ideo system that transmits images in a

closed loop% &nce only analogue! CCT+ net"or$s no" include digital components% ccessto the communication net"or$ can #e gained #y Internet in certain cases% &nly users "ithaccess rights to the net"or$ can access the information proided #y the cameras%SledePe sta$e ine #e2#ednosne a$tinosti CCT+ mreQe A 0•

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•Dis$utoan'e*osmatran'e<ad2or S$up Inteligenci'e*rocena i odgoor na moguci dogaNa'

*rocena i odgoor na starni dogaNa'oren2i$a anali2a na$on incidentaidenci'a! anali2a posle incidenta*osto'e tri tipa ideo nad2ora0 U $tini0 nad2or podru'a $ao pomoP sluQ#i o#e2#eNen'a na licu mesta ili to$om anrednih situaci'a%U *asina0 2aposleni prati mali #ro' telei2i's$ih e$rana do$ i2rOaa'u druge 2adat$e%U Sniman'e0 omogucaa pri$upl'an'e informaci'a 2a istragu i do$a2e% Snimci se ua'u u odreNenom remens$om periodu! u 2aisnosti odpotre#a i prostora 2a uan'e%#=

''( in nglish@aken "ro4 DE@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort89<Inteligenti Video Nadzor+ideo analiti$a G ! ta$oNe na2ana i Inteligentni ideo nad2or! 'e tehnologi'a $o'a $oristi softer da automats$i identifi$u'e specifine o#'e$te!ponaOan'e i staoe u ideo snim$u% &na pretara ideo u podat$e $o'i se prenose ili arhiira'u ta$o da sistem ideo nad2ora moQe da delu'eu s$ladu sa tim% To moQe da podra2umea a$tiiran'e mo#ilne $amere u cil'u do#i'an'a preci2nih podata$a o mestu! ili 'ednostano dapoOal'e upo2oren'e oso#l'u 2a nad2or! ta$o da odlu$a moQe da doede do prailne interenci'e%

Inteligentni sistemi 2a ideo nad2or $oriste matemati$e algoritme 2a dete$ci'u po$retnih o#'e$ata u slici i i2da'a'u nereleantne po$rete%&ni stara'u #a2u podata$a $o'a snima oso#ine sih o#'e$ata ot$rienih i $ara$teristi$e n'ihoog $retan'a% &dlu$e se donose u sistemu ilidogaNa'ima od interesa $o'i se pregledaa'u i2 arhiiranih snima$a na osnou praila (npr%! a$o oso#a preNe granicu! Oal'u upo2oren'e)%89<98Razlozi za 0ori=>enje Inteligentnog Video NadzoraDanas! mreQe 2a ideo nad2or ima'u eci #ro' $amera% >a eli$e infrastru$ture! $ao Oto su masoni tran2itni sistemi! pre$o hil'adu $amere 2anad2or moQe #iti ugraNen% &e instalaci'e prenose ogromnu $oliinu ideo podata$a! pri$a2u'u i arhiira'u! Oto 'e nemoguce 2a l'ude da pratei anali2ira'u se oe ideo snim$e u cil'u ot$rian'a sumn'iog ponaOan'a ili dogaNa'a% &o 'e pose#no tano! 'er oso#l'e $ontrolnog centrata$oNe tre#a da nadgleda i druge posloe! $ao Oto su $ontrola pristupa! i2daan'e 2na$i= $l'uea= do2ola! oNen'e hitnih po2ia! pracen'epoQarnih alarma! $ontrola radio.$omuni$aci'a! itd%<e$oli$o studi'a po$a2u'u granice l'uds$og nad2ora (sli$a 5)% *osle samo 56 minuta gleda'uci i anali2ira'uci e$rane ideo nad2ora! paQn'aecine l'udi padne ispod prihatl'iog nioa E % *osmatra ne moQe paQl'io da prati E do 5 $amere iOe od ; minuta 6 % &dreNene studi'enaode da 'e odnos i2meNu #ro'a e$rana i #ro'a $amera moQe #iti i2meNu 0F i 0AG u odreNenim mreQama ideo nad2ora % +eroatnoca da#lagoremenim reagoan'em na dogaNa' nadgledan od strane mreQe $amera>

n nglish, the ter4 ?ideo anal(tic1 is used to re"er to the .ideo analsis done s2eci"icall "or .ideo sur.eillance@ n French, no ter4 a22ears to be dedicated to this "ield, and it is so4eti4es re"erred to as G.ideo analtics or G.ideo analsis@ For this re2ort, e ha.e chosen to use the neologis4 G(ideo analtics@ he ter4s Intelligent ?ideo 1ur?eillance or 1mart ?ideo 1ur?eillance are also used in nglish to describe this technolog@9

IS -ational nstitute o" ustice stud, 7uoted in D5E@10

ASS nternational, 7uoted in D5E@11

Jingston Ini.ersit stud, 7uoted in D>E@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 1=

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ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2orte prema 666 5 % >ato se! istori's$i gledano! ideo nad2or uglanom $oristi $ao alat na$on i2rOenog dogaNa'a%

#igure ) ; uman Monitor @atching 1e?eral 1creen199 $onte$stu! ideo analiti$a ima mnoge prednosti0• Οπερατιϖνα ϕε 24/7 .

• Μο ε δα ποκρενε αλαρµ κοϕι χε βιτι ναδγλεδαν οδ στρανε λϕυδσκογ οπερατερα ιλι δα ναγλασι ποκρετε ιλι δα ζυµιρανϕεµž ́

καµερε ζα ναδζορ πρεχιζνιϕε ποκα ε δογα αϕ ι να ταϕ να ιν οβεζβε υϕε ρεαγοϖανϕε υ ρεαλνοµ ϖρεµενυ υµεστοž đ č đ

ιντερϖενχιϕε νακον δογα αϕα.đ• Σµανϕυϕε προτοκ ι προστορ ζα αρηιϖιρανϕε ποδατακα, τακο το πρενοσι ιλι σνιµα σαµο ποδατκε ο ρελεϖαντνιµš

δογα αϕιµα .đ

• Ολακ αϖα λϕυδιµα υ οβεζβε ενϕυ οδ σταλνογ ναδγλεδανϕα.š đ

• Ον οµογυχαϖα βρζο πρετρα ιϖανϕε ρελεϖαντνιη δογα αϕα υ αρηιϖιρανοµ ϖιδεο σνιµκυ.́ ž đ

• Το οµογυχαϖα δα σε ιδεντιφικυϕυ οβϕεκτι υ καδρυ ι πρατι νϕιηοϖα ακτιϖνοστ (σϖεστι σιτυαχιϕα) .́

Ιπακ , οϖο ϕε ϕο υϖεκ νοϖα τεηνολογιϕα σα µνογιµ τεηνι κιµ ογρανι ενϕιµα. Να πριµερ , δισκριµιναχιϕυ ιζµε υš č č đ

υοβι αϕενογ ι συµνϕιϖογ πονα ανϕα ϕε τε ακ προβλεµ ζα µα ινε ζα οβραδυ. Κακο σε µο ε ραζλικοϖατι οσοβε ποκρενυτ ζατοš ž š žč

το ϕε ον/ονα κασνι ιλι ζατο το ϕε ον/ονα σαµο πο ινιλα ζλο ιν?š š č č

od eOta$e inteligenci'e! ue$ posto'i $ompromis i2meNu stope prepo2naan'a do#i'enog i #ro' laQnih alarma% 9 slua'u inteligentnihsistema nad2ora! $ad iOe sman'ite prag dete$ci'e! #ol'e su Oanse da ot$ri'ete starnu pretn'u #e2#ednosti! ali iOe alarma ce nepotre#no #itia$tiirano% *oOto sa$i alarma mora'u #iti ocen'eni od strane lica 2a nad2or! neophodno 'e da se laQni alarmi sedu na minimum $a$o #i sespreilo da1

''( oda K-o.@ 005L, taken "ro4 D5E@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

*age 1>




ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortoso#l'e nad2ora ne gu#i reme i produ$tinost% &o predstal'a glani i2a2o $ada doNe reme da se tehnologi'a ideo analiti$e po'ai umar$etima%89<9)#a0tori 0oji utiAu na odabir 1i1tema inteligentog ?ideo nadzora• Νιϖο πριζναϖανϕα / λα νιη αλαρµα .ž

• Προχενατ καµερα ιϕε χε σλικε βιτι κοµπϕυτερσκι αναλιζιρανε.́č

• Πριροδα σχενε ε σε πρατιτι: ϖιδεο αναλιτικα ϕε ϖι ε πρικλαδνα ζα σχενε σα νεκολικο προµενα, κοϕε συ δοσαδνε ζαšćοσοβλϕε ναδζορα (ριζικ οδ νεπα νϕε), δοκ οσοβλϕε ναδζορα πρεϖαζιλαζι µα ινυ ζα ϖεοµα ακτιϖνε σχενε, σα µνογο δεταλϕα.ž š

• Μογυχνοστ προ ιριϖανϕα: σποσοβνοστ δα δοδατε κοµπϕυτερσκι − ναδζοροµ καµερα ιλι ποϖεχατι νϕιηοϖ προχενατ υ µρε ι.́ š ́ ž

)9'"CTORI PRIPR"M"+ideo nad2or 'e pro#itno $oriOcena od strane 'anih sluQ#i (polici'e ! transportnih predu2ePa! administraci'e)% &n 'e 2atim uso'en od strane$ompani'a $o'e Qele da 2aOtite strateO$ih mesta! $ao Oto su rafineri'e! nu$learne ele$trane! #rane! pol'opriredno. prehram#enih postro'en'a ifarmaceuts$ih $omple$sa% Mesta $ao Oto su $a2ina se ta$oNe po'al'u'u $ao pioniri u ugradn'i eli$ih sistema ideo nad2ora% Danas! $amere2a nad2or se mogu naci na ra2liitim 'anim i priatnim mestima! $ao Oto su stam#ene 2grade! prodanice! par$in2ima! prugama =auto#us$im stanicama! aerodromima! puteima! masonog sao#raPa'ima! #an$ama! itd%Sistemi 2a ideo nad2or su ugraNeni po ra2liitim nioima% >a pracen'e man'ih 2loinae (npr% napade! andali2am! $raNe)! ideo nad2or seprensteno $oristi 2a post.incidentu istrage% &a' nio nad2ora 2ahtea 'ednostane! esto analogne tehnologi'e $o'e ne u$l'uu'u ideointeligenci'u% &a rsta sistema moQe se naci na uglu prodanice! u malim prodanicama ili u priatnim $ucama%<ad2or stam#enih 2grada ili ecih prodanica esto 2ahtea ePi sistem $amer% Cil' nad2ora 'e uglanom pracen'e pristupnih sta2a!par$iraliOta! i u slua'u prodanica! odel'en'a i proda'na mesta% +ideo nad2or se $oristi u oim lo$aci'ama! uglanom u srhe istrage%MeNutim! oi $orisnici #i Qeleli da do#i'u nad2or sistema $o'i 'e u stan'u da generiOe upo2oren'a u realnom remenu 2a neposrednuinterenci'u% 9reNa'i ideo analiti$e se stoga se iOe 'al'a'u u oim se$torima% >a oe $li'ente! poraca' inestici'e 'e odluu'uci fa$tor u$upoini inteligentne opreme 2a ideo nad2or%+ideo nad2or eli$ih ra2mera nala2i se u gradoima i nasel'ima! transportnim sistemima! unier2itets$im domoima! na eli$imta$mien'ima (festialima! e$onoms$im samitima! &limpi's$im igrama! itd)! sa o#imnim parametrima #e2#ednosti% To 2ahtearasporeNian'e desetine! a$ i stotine $amera% &e $amere mora'u da pone$ad #itu dostupne inonicima #e2#ednosti i2 ra2liitih ladinihagenci'a! polici's$ih snaga ili sluQ#i 2a anredne situaci'e%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 19




ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort9 oim o#'e$tima! ideo nad2or 'e glani sistem #e2#ednosti! do$ su pored n'ega i ostali sistemi nad2ora0 $ontrola pristupa! poQara! telefona!radio e2a! geoloO$ih sistema! itd% S o#2irom na #ro' ideo $amera $o'e su u$l'uene i nio hitnosti interenci'e! oe apli$aci'e su pose#nopogodne 2a upotre#u ideo analiti$e 2a automati2oanu o#radu ideo prenosa $o'i generiOe alarm $ada su primePeni sumn'ii dogaNa'i%Since #udgets allocated to sureillance systems in these infrastructures are often ast! adding analytical soft"are is more easily foreseea#lethere%+ideo nad2or 'e nedano poela da se $oristi u mo#ilnim 'edinicama! $ao Oto su patrolna $ola! am#ulantna $ola! auto#usa! itd ! meNutim!#eQini prenos ideo signala u $ontrolni centar #e2#ednosti moQe predstal'ati pro#lem%)98Go?ernment and Public 'ecurit(The different leels of goernment must ensure the safety of the population and of pu#licinfrastructures% &n the national leel! it "ill #e used! for e/ample! to monitor the follo"ing0•

•

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•Sensitie infrastructures:orders@oernment #uildings and sites8a#oratoriesMilitary #ases*risons

8ocally! ideo sureillance is set up in seeral cities around the "orld to monitor crimesand for use as an emergency interention tool% It also helps to ensure security during largegatherings (sho"s! demonstrations! sporting eents! etc%)% 8ondon is the city the most oftencited for the num#er of cameras deployed in its streets% +ideo sureillance is also used tomanage par$ing! especially to monitor par$ing permits! the application of rules! thedetection of theft! andalism or misdemeanours! and to control access%+ideo sureillance is "idely used #y controlling forces to conduct inestigations! monitor people and ehicles sought! and detect dangerous or criminal actiities% It can also #e foundon #oard patrol cars to erify police interentions%

Cameras can #e increasingly found along stretches of road to monitor traffic and detectincidents! dangerous #ehaiour or iolations% Montréal has a multi.camera system and'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallenges



ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortehicle detection stations to follo" traffic conditions in real time and automatically detectincidents 7 %Many sectors of the goernment require intelligent ideo sureillance for0 identifyingindiiduals and ehicles! counting people and monitoring cro"ds! recogni2ing suspiciousor iolent #ehaiour (fights! misdemeanours)! detecting intrusions! and monitoring roads%More adanced analyses! such as computer recognition of emotions or if an indiidual istelling a lie! are also anticipated%)9)"ducation+ideo sureillance is increasingly found in academic institutions% It is used to oersee thesafety of teachers and students! as "ell as to protect assets from andalism and theft% Tragicschool $illings! such as at Colum#ine! in the 9S! and here in 1ue#ec at *olytechnique andCollJge Da"son! hae highlighted the importance of monitoring school campuses moreclosely% These campuses may #e e/tensie! especially in the case of uniersities! and #ecomprised of seeral #uildings! accesses and par$ing lots to monitor% In this enironment!

ideo sureillance is used in particular to0• monitor access to the institution3s perimeter! "hich may #e e/tensie! such as in the case of a uniersity campus• monitor equipment and data• detect and follo" acts of andalism! theft! misdemeanours and inappropriate #ehaiour• recogni2e license plates• support criminal inestigations• control access%

Since educational institutions often hae an I* net"or$ infrastructure! it may #e #eneficialfor them to set up digital ideo sureillance systems%)9<Retail TradeRetail trade is a gro"ing mar$et for ideo sureillance! "hich is used for #oth internal(store! "arehouse) and e/ternal (par$ing lot) security% en the smallest shops haecameras to at least $eep ideo eidence in case of theft or an incident% In chain stores! muchmore sophisticated ideo sureillance systems are set up for centrali2ed monitoring of different locations% or the entire sector! ideo sureillance is aimed primarily at013

rans2orts Québec, htt2<@4t7@gou.@7c@ca2ortal2age2ortalregions4ontrealilegestioncirculation@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

*age 1





•

•

•

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•monitoring registers and transactions (employee theft and fraud)protecting material goods and infrastructuresmonitoring inentory and "ares (delieries)protecting staff and clientscontrolling access to loc$ed areaschec$ing emergency situations (fire! alarms! etc%)monitoring par$ing lots! ehicles! entries and e/its%

@ien the high ris$ of theft and attac$s to "hich retailers are e/posed! as "ell as theresulting significant losses! ideo sureillance #ecomes an essential tool for ensuring thesecurity of employees and merchandise% This mar$et also presents a real potential for ideoanalytics% or e/ample! there are systems that com#ine ideo information and data from theregister to chec$ that the items ta$en out #y clients hae indeed #een inoiced% Thistechnology also ma$es it possi#le to preent fraud inoling cashiers at points of sale%Intelligent ideo sureillance is also increasingly used for non.security purposes! such asmanaging operations and mar$et launch% In this conte/t! ideo analytics is used inparticular to count clients! analy2e their #ehaiour and in.store moements! and compile

statistics on consumer ha#its% or e/ample! here in 1ue#ec! the 1ue#ec company &rgani/IT set up an intelligent ideo sureillance system in the Couche.Tard conenience storechain that offers these possi#ilities F %)9BTran1portationThe security and smooth operation of airports! railroad=#us stations! ports and mass transitsystems are critical for a country3s economy% security incident can seriously upsetoperations and result in significant losses% @ien the large flo"s of passengers that usetransportation systems and the e/tent of their infrastructures! these systems face

e/traordinary security challenges% Terrorist acts committed in different transportationsystems around the "orld hae e/acer#ated these challenges%nalytical soft"are targets the transportation sector #y offering different adapted functions0detecting an intrusion in a controlled perimeter or area! detecting people entering an e/it




ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortmonitoring! cameras and analytical algorithms must #e a#le to operate despite changing"eather conditions (fog! sno"! rain! etc%))9B98irport1ollo"ing the eents of Septem#er ! 566! security measures "ere tightened! especiallyat large airports! and ne" technologies "ere deployed% or airports! the priority consists incontrolling access to secure areas! in particular access to airplanes! and also in ensuring thesafety of passengers! personnel and the property "ithin the perimeter (run"ays! par$inglots! access routes! etc%):ased on the research done for this report! intelligent ideo sureillance is still little used inCanadian airports% or e/ample! at the *ierre.lliot Trudeau irport in Montréal! ideosureillance is used a#oe all to assist "ith emergency interentions% ,hen an incident isreported! a mo#ile camera piots to follo" the operations lie from a security controlcentre% ccess control is proided primarily #y #iometric identification technologies(fingerprints! iris recognition)! the use of smart cards and *I<s ; % +ideo sureillance isarchied and also used as eidence in police force inestigations% It is also found on #oardpatrol cars% Currently! cameras are mostly analogue and little ideo analytics is used% Theintelligent functions already in place consist of counting people to assess! for e/ample!processing times at customs! as "ell as for license plate recognition in order to ta$e stoc$ of ehicles in par$ing lots and to detect theft% éroports de Montréal "ill soon #e adding ane" component to its ideo sureillance system that "ill #e entirely I* and includeintelligent cameras and ideo processing soft"are%)9B9)'tation1 and Public Tran1portationThe purpose of ideo sureillance in railroad=#us stations and pu#lic transportation is

mainly to monitor access routes! platforms! rails and tunnels! par$ing lots and all au/iliaryserice structures% It is connected to other access monitoring systems and security deicesto oersee the protection of passengers! personnel and infrastructures% The ideo is ie"edlie from the security control centre! or at a later time for inestigations follo"ing securityincidents%In 1ue#ec! than$s to contri#utions from t"o leels of goernment! Société de transport deMontréal (STM) is pursuing the deployment of oer !?66 cameras in the infrastructures of the Montréal su#"ay system to increase user security% Cameras can also #e found oncertain #uses of the system as a prototype% Société de transport de 8aal "ill also install

sureillance cameras in some of its #uses to discourage andalism ? % The ne" su#"ay;1#

*ersonal denti"ication -u4ber@Morissette, H@, %e1 caméra1 1eront in1tallée1 dan1 le1 autobu1 de 3a?al. ) heures, 3 %ece4ber 00>, 2@ #@'&M d h ;l % " d S it




ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortsystem! entirely on an I* net"or$! is an I* ideo sureillance flagship pro'ect in 1ue#ec%Controlled centrally! the ideo sureillance system is connected to the different monitoringand maintenance systems% The STM has #egun to deploy ideo analytics for automateddetection of people on the trac$s and states that it is one of the first in Canada to useintelligent ideo in its mass transit% In this field! Canadian pu#lic transportation systems are#ehind those of uropean countries! such as the 9nited ingdom! rance and @ermany!"hich hae much #etter ideo sureillance systems% In the long term! if using ideoanalytics proes effectie! the STM anticipates some other applications for it! such asdetecting suspicious pac$ages! monitoring doors and recogni2ing suspicious #ehaiour%)9B9<Port1s for other transportation systems! in ports! intelligent ideo sureillance is used to protectpassengers and personnel! to monitor comings and goings in the perimeter and to identifyehicles in this perimeter% Ho"eer! ports pose a specific challenge for ideo analytics#ecause they require the monitoring of the ad'acent "aters% Reflections on "ater and "aemoement are enironmental ariations that may disrupt analytical algorithms! especiallyfor the detection of moement%)92an0 'etting+ideo sureillance is "idely used for #an$ security% The presence of cameras first acts as adeterrent to committing armed ro##ery and assault% Should a crime occur! archied ideofootage is used to inestigate and identify the perpetrators%utomated #an$ machines are prime targets for criminal acts% Sureillance cameras help todetect fraud! such as! for e/ample! the installation of a deice to read the magneticinformation on #an$ cards%In a #an$ setting! intelligent ideo sureillance can increase monitoring effectieness% Itproides for monitoring of all #ranches in order to detect suspicious indiiduals or #ehaiour% It also ma$es it possi#le to find! among other things! all ideo footage from all#ranches "here a certain indiidual appears using face recognition techniques%)9DGaming Indu1tr( and Ca1ino1Casinos and gaming centres hae long used ideo sureillance to protect clients andpremises! as "ell as to detect cheating! heists! cash register theft and other crimes resultingin losses% It has also #een used as eidence to assess the alidity of actions for damagesagainst the gaming institution%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009




ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortSince casino monitoring requires "atching the #ehaiour of many people in a cro"dedenironment! intelligent ideo sureillance is an interesting "ay of helping securitypersonnel do their 'o#% ace and gesture detection and recognition are part of the usefulanalytical functionalities for this enironment%)9EOther+ideo sureillance is used in many other enironments! such as in stores and to monitor #uildings% It is most often used to film access routes and par$ing lots! monitor materialalua#les and ensure employee and client protection%+ideo sureillance can also #e used in healthcare to help "ith interentions% It can een #efound in am#ulances and used in com#ination "ith other measuring instruments to monitor a patient remotely% The merican company Indigo+ision has deeloped analyticalsolutions installed on intelligent cameras specifically to detect the moement of helicopterslanding on the site of an merican hospital%The consumer mar$et is also deeloping% More and more home ideo sureillance systemsare #eing sold! een in non.speciali2ed stores% Cameras no" complement the differentmonitoring and security deices for the residential sector%<9T"NO3OGIF<98rhite0tura 'i1tema Video Nadzora<9898%elo?i 'i1tema Video Nadzora&a' odel'a$ u$rat$o opisu'e ra2liite harders$e i softers$e $omponente sistema ideo nad2ora% Detal'ni'i opis infrastru$ture sistema 2aideo nad2or i odecim principima i2#or hardera mogu se naci u #ro'nim referentnim $n'igama i odiima! u$l'uu'uci VW i V56W%<989898Naba?0a*osto'i ita ni2 modela $amera $o'e 2adool'aa'u ra2liite potre#e nad2ora% &ne su analogne i digitalne! i mogu #iti operatine ili ne! slede!specifine rste $amera%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 5





• Φικσνα: οκρενυτα υ ϕεδνοµ πραϖχυ, ονα ποκριϖα οδρε ενυ οβλαστ (υλαζ, δεο παρκινγα, ιτδ ). Το ϕε τραδιχιοναλνα καµεραđ

ζα ναδζορ. Το ϕε οδλι αν ιζβορ ακο ϕε χιλϕ δα ιµαϕυ καµερυ ι δα νϕεν πραϖαχ πραχενϕα βιτε ϖιδλϕιϖ.́č

• ΠΤΖ ( Παν−Τιλτ−Ζοοµ, Κρετανϕε−Υγαο−Ζυµ ): Σνα νο οπερατιϖνα, µο ε σε ακτιϖιρατι ρυ νο ιλι αυτοµατσκι ζα ποκρετε ποž ž č

κρετανϕυ−ναγιβυ−ζυµυ. Κοριστι σε δα πρατι πρεδµετε ιλι ποϕεδινχε κοϕι σε κρεχυ δυ ϖιδνογ πολϕα ιλι δα ζυµιραϕυ οβλαστ́ ž

οδ ιντερεσα, καο το συ αυτοµοβιλσκε ταβλιχε.š

• ∆οµε (Κυπολνα): Πρεκριϖενα κυ ι τεµ πολυσφερνογ οβλικα, το ϕε ινι δισκρετνοµ ι , κοδ νεκιη µοδελα, οτπορνυ να υδαρχε ιš šć č

ϖρεµενσκε πριλικε. Μο ε βιτι φικσνα ιλι ποκρετνα. Βολϕι µοδελλι ποκριϖαϕυ ϖρλο ιροκ προστορ κοριστεχι 360≡ž š ́

ηοριζονταλνο ποµερανϕε ι 180≡ ϖερτικαλνο ποµερανϕε% lthough in guard tour mode it can replace ten fi/ed cameras #y s"eeping the area to #e monitored! it only o#seres a single direction at a time%• Me0aielD &ffers a higher resolution than standard cameras! ranging from to ? megapi/els A % It ma$es it possi#le to either capture a more detailed image or coer a "ider isual field! reducing the num#er of cameras needed to coer an area to #e monitored% ,hen used "ith a "ide angle! it has a ie"ing space generally ranging from

F6X to 7?6X% It offers the possi#ility of 2ooming into the picture using the soft"are! ma$ing it an alternatie to the *T> mechanical camera! "hose parts are su#'ect to "ear% Its high resolution helps to improe the performance of the detection and recognition algorithms requiring a high leel of detail! such as license plates and face recognition%• In9+a+e- an- t7e+2alD Sensitie to infrared radiation (IR)! it can produce a good quality image in the dar$ for night monitoring% t night! it films in #lac$ and "hite! #ut can produce a colour image during the day% Some infrared cameras are equipped "ith their o"n source of IR light! "hich turns on "hen lighting leels drop #elo" a certain threshold% Separate IR pro'ectors (lamp or 8D G ) can also #e used% Thermal cameras

record the thermal radiation gien off #y o#'ects and do not require any source of lighting%• Pan+a2icD Special optics proide it "ith 7?6X isi#ility "ith a single camera E and irtual *T> in the image% The main panoramic technologies for monitoring are fisheye! mirror lens and panomorphic lens% Ho"eer! the resolution of these cameras is often not enough for analyses requiring a high leel of detail%<98989)Tran1mi11ionThe ideo captured #y sureillance cameras must #e sent to the recording! processing and

ie"ing systems% This transmission can #e done #y ca#le (coa/ial or fi#re optic ca#les!stranded copper "ire) or #y air (infrared signals! radio transmission)%'i+e- /i-e is the most predominant in ideo sureillance systems% It offers greater #and"idth and #etter relia#ility than "ireless connections! at a lo"er cost% Ho"eer!




ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2orti+eless /i-e t+ans2issin is sometimes the #est solution! for e/ample "hen monitoringlarge perimeters "here installing ca#les "ould #e too costly! or "hen the areas to #emonitored cannot #e reached #y ca#le%,hether "ired or "ireless! the ideo signal can #e analogue or digital% Most ideotransmissions for sureillance are currently still anal0ue. Ho"eer! computer net"or$s(8<! ,< or Internet) are increasingly used to send ideo using the IP +tcl. I*

cameras can #e directly connected on these net"or$s! "hereas the ideo flo" coming fromanalogue cameras must first #e digiti2ed #y an enc-e+ also called a /i-e se+/e+ in order to pass through the I* net"or$s%<98989<Compre11ionDigiti2ed ideo represents a large quantity of data to #e transmitted and archied% Sendingideo footage may required up to ?; mega#its of #and"idth! and the ideo of a singlecamera oer one day may fill A @: of dis$ space% That is "hy sureillance ideo must #ecompressed using c-ecs 56 ! algorithms for reducing the amount of data #y deletingredundancies! #y image or #et"een footage frames! as "ell as details that cannot #e seen #ya human eye%Depending on the type of compression needed! ideocoding.decoding can #e fairlyprocessor intensie% Therefore! there must #e a compromise #et"een the compression ratioand the processor resources used%There are t"o ma'or groups of international compression standards0 Y*@! created #y theYoint *hotographic /perts @roup! and M*@! deeloped #y the Moing *hotographic/perts @roup% The first group includes Y*@ formats for still frames! and MY*@ for ideo footage% The second group includes the M*@.! M*@.5! M*@.F and H%5?Fformats 5 %Currently! MY*@ and M*@.F are the most "idely used standards in ideo sureillance%Ho"eer! "ith the improements to quality and efficiency (compression ratio! latency!error resistance) it #rings! H%5?F should soon replace M*@.F% ,ithout affecting imagequality! the H%5?F encoder ma$es it possi#le to reduce image si2e #y oer G6L in relationto MY*@! and #y ;6L in relation to M*@.F compression V;W%<98989BProce11ing+ideo management systems process ideo sureillance images! such as managing differentideo flo"s! and ie"ing! recording! analy2ing and searching recorded footage% There are

four ma'or categories of ideo management systems%01

'ontraction o" coder$decoder@'o44on na4e "or M*/$) *art 10 A('H@#)@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit




g gechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort

• %i0ital "i-e Rec+-e+ =%"R (( >D Deice "ith an internal hard dis$ for digital recording of ideo and #uilt.in ideo processing soft"are% It accepts only flo"s from analogue cameras! "hich it digiti2es% Recent models ma$e it possi#le to ie" the ideo remotely on computer% Still quite "idespread! it is slo"ly #eing replaced #y systems that support I* ideo from end to end%• ),+i- %i0ital "i-e Rec+-e+ =)%"R (3 >D Similar to the digital recorder! #ut accepts

connections from #oth analogue and I* cameras% Seeral types of digital ideo recorders can #e made hy#rid #y installing a soft"are application%• Net+6 "i-e Rec+-e+ =N"R (* >D Designed for ideo sureillance I* net"or$ architectures! it can only process ideo signals from I* cameras or encoders%• IP /i-e su+/eillance s9ta+eD *urely soft"are.#ased solution for managing ideo on an I* net"or$% or sureillance systems "ith fe" cameras! a ,e# #ro"ser may #e enough to manage the ideo% or larger ideo sureillance net"or$s! a dedicated ideo management soft"are application must #e used! "hich is installed on a *C or serer% lthough more complicated to install due to the required serer configurations! it offers

greater fle/i#ility "ith respect to choice and the addition of ideo sureillance net"or$ parts% I* ideo sureillance soft"are applications are a ma'or trend in ideo management! especially in infrastructures "ith large num#ers of cameras% &pen platforms allo" for easy integration of cameras and hard"are components from different manufacturers%<98989rchi?ingThe ideo footage archiing period aries depending on sureillance needs! ranging from afe" days to a fe" years% &n aerage! organi2ations $eep ideo eidence from 76 to E6days% The deployment of ast net"or$s of cameras and the use of high resolution ideo

sureillance resulted in an e/plosion in demand for storage systems% lthough the cost of storage media has dropped considera#ly in recent years! archiing is often a large part of ideo sureillance infrastructure e/penses due to the gro"ing amount of ideo data to #estored%There are t"o types of storage solutions0• Inte+nalD Hard dries #uilt into digital ideo recorders or serers are the most "idespread type of archiing! offering up to F T: of space% Some I* cameras een come "ith a memory card or 9S: drie for hours! een days of ideo recording% Internal archiing solutions are "ell suited for medium si2e ideo sureillance systems comprised

of up to ;6 cameras%• Attac7e-D rchiing is done on deices e/ternal to the ideo recorders or serers% <S (<et"or$ ttac*ed 'torage" or S< (Storage rea Network" type systems offer shared3




g gechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortstorage space #et"een different net"or$ clients% &n a <S net"or$ storage system! afile is archied on the same hard drie! "hereas "ith the S< storage net"or$! a file can#e saed in fragments distri#uted oer seeral storage media% These attached archiingsolutions are particularly "ell suited to large ideo sureillance net"or$s "ith a largenum#er of cameras 5; % lthough more e/pensie than internal archiing systems! theseattached solutions are superior in terms of e/panda#ility! fle/i#ility and redundancy%<98989D

%i1pla( large part of ideo captured #y sureillance cameras is neer ie"ed! #ut simplyarchied in case ie"ing is required follo"ing an incident% Traditionally! ideo sureillancehas #een used mainly as an inestigation tool% Ho"eer! in seeral cases! security officersie" images from sureillance cameras in real time% ,ithout necessarily "atching theentire ideo captured! officers can periodically reie" different ideo sources%+ideo sureillance can #e ie"ed on different deices% In small facilities! the ideo can #eie"ed directly on the recorder! as the image is #eing recorded% Images are generallyie"ed remotely! on a computer! or on a mo#ile deice such as a telephone or handheld

deice%8arge security operations centres that superise hundreds of cameras often use a "all of ideo screens! "hich proide a large ie"ing space and allo" for different ideo flo"s to#e displayed%<989)Raz?oj 'i1tema Video NadzoraDigital transition in ideo sureillance occurred in seeral steps% It #egan "ith the appearance of the digital recorder! then continued "ith acomplete oerhaul of the I* infrastructure! "ith ideo #eing transmitted oer an intranet or Internet net"or$ from the camera to the ie"ingscreen% Many hy#rid systems too$ shape during this shift! integrating analogue and digital components%The figure #elo" descri#es the

important milestones that mar$ed the eolution to"ards intelligent ideo sureillance on the I* net"or$% "i-eAnaliti6a(443

"CR%"RIP +0+a2iN"R&$;4<&$$4

&$$4&$$;(444#igure < ; Raz?oj ard?era Video Nadzora




g gechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort<989)98Pr?a Generacija : nalogna9 tradicionalno' analogno' CCT+ mreQi! analogne $amere poe2ane su $oa$si'alnim $a#loima ('edan $a#l po $ameri) 2a e$rane 2a nad2ori! 2a arhiiran'e! na ideore$orderu $o'i snima ideo na $asetu% Multiple$ser moQe da se $oristi da grupiOe 2a'edno ideo signale od ne$oli$o$amera u 'edan 2a'edni$i signal $o'i se prosleNu'e na ideore$order ili analogni monitor% &n omoguPaa pri$a2ian'e etiri! deet ili ?ideo signala na istom e$ranu ili ih snima na posto'aPem sistemu% <e rOi se $ompresi'a ideo signala% Sa ideore$orderom di2a'niranim 2aou srhu! rOi se sniman'e sa man'im #ro'em fre'moa ime se uOteNu'e prostor na ideo$aseti! Oto 'e potre#no 2a nad2or% 5? %

• Πρεδνοστι− Αναλογνι σιστεµι συ ϖεοµα πουζδανι

− ϑεδνοσταϖαν ζα κορι χενϕε ι νε ζαητεϖαϕυ ποζναϖανϕε ραδα να ρα υναρυ.š ́ č

• Μανε

− Κϖαλιτετ ϖιδεα ϕε σλαβιϕι υ οδνοσυ να κϖαλιτετ διγιταλνογ σιστεµα.

− Κασετε τρεβα δα βυδυ εστο προµενϕενε (σϖακα τρι δανα ιλι ϖι ε) .šč

− Ζαητεϖα ρεδοϖνο ι χενϕε ι οδρ αϖανϕε ϖιδεορεκορδερα.š ́ žč

− Κϖαλιτετ σνιµλϕενογ ϖιδεο σνιµκα σε πογορ αϖα τοκοµ ϖρεµενα .š

− Νε µο ε δα σε γλεδα να δαλϕινυ, καο ι να διγιταλνιµ µρε αµα.ž ž

- They are proprietary systems%<989)9)%ruga generacija: ibridni 1i1tem>amena ideore$ordera sa digitalnim snimaem (D+R) 'e #io pri $ora$ u digitalno' tran2ici'i ideo nad2ora% Digitalni snimai su se po'ailiE6.tih i ima'u moguPnost sniman'a ideo signala na hard dis$oima% *oOto oni esto ima'u ne$oli$o ideo ula2a! digitalni snimai su2amenili i multiple$sere i analogne ideore$ordere%<a$nadni modeli posedu'u thernet port 2a poe2ian'e na mreQu i dal'ins$i pristup ideo.u! #ilo u realnom remenu ili sniml'enogmateri'ala% +ideo se prenose I* proto$olom i2 digitalnog snimaa% &ni omogucaa'u prenos do hi#ridnog sistema ideo nad2ora na I* mreQu!do$ su u sistemu analogne $amere% Hi#ridni digitalni ideo snima (HD+R) moQe primati ideo signal i pre$o analognih i I* $amera% To 'eefi$asno reOen'e 2a moderni2aci'u sistema ideo nad2ora is$oriOcaan'em noih I* $amera u2 2adrQaan'e posto'ecih analognih $amera uprostoru% Ia$o se procen'u'e da su E;L $amera i dal'e analogne! digitalni snimai i hi#ridni digitalni snima su prilino rasprostran'eni%#

Time lap1e mode "or recording at 15 "2s K"ra4e per 1econd. =@5 "2s, 3@=5 "2s and 1@>=5 "2s@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 30




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort

• Πρεδνοστι

− Νεµα ποτρεβυ ζα µενϕανϕεµ ϖιδεο κασετα.

− Σνιµλϕενι ϖιδεο σνιµακ ϕε βολϕεγ κϖαλιτετα ι γυβι σε τοκοµ ϖρεµενα.

− Ιµα µογυ νοστ βρζογ πρεγλεδα ϖιδεο σνιµακα.ć

− Ιµα µογυ νοστ δαλϕινσκογ ϖιδεο ναδζορα ι οπερατιϖνι σιστεµ σα ρα υναρα.ć č

• Μανε

− ςιδεο κοµπρεσιϕα, σνιµανϕε ι µρε α συ ζαδατακα ιστε ϕεδινιχε.ž

− ∆ιγιταλνι ϖιδεο σνιµα ι συ ϖλασνι κι σιστεµ, κοϕι ποϖεχαϖα οδρ αϖανϕε ι τρο κοϖι µοδερνιζαχιϕε .́ ž šč č

− Βροϕ διγιταλνιη ϖιδεο υλαζα ( εστο δο 16) ογρανι αϖαϕυ δοδαϖανϕε δοδατνιη καµερα.č č

+ideo en$oderi! $o'i se na2ia'u ideo sereri! se $oriste 2a $oner2i'u signala i2 analognih $amera i prenose ih u I* proto$ na mreQu pre$omultisia% >adrQaa'uci analogne $amere! oni omogucaa'u pra$tino potpuni prela2a$ na mreQne infrastru$ture 2a ideo nad2or 2ato Oto seideo stalno prenosi I* proto$olom $ro2 mreQu%+ideo en$oder moQe da se $oristi sa mreQnim ideo snimaem (<+R)% &ni mogu samo da i2rOaa'u i snima'u I* ideo proto$% &ni se nudena otoreno' platformi ($omp'uter sa softerom 2a upral'an'e ideo snim$om) ili $ao namens$a opreme% 9 oom drugom o#li$u! mreQni

ideo snima 'e slian hi#ridnom digitalnom snimau $o'i 2ahtea en$odere da rade sa analognim $amerama%• Πρεδνοστι

− Κοριστι στανδαρδνε µρε νε ρα υναρε ι ηαρδϖερε ζα ϖιδεο σνιµανϕε ιž č

υπραϖλϕανϕε .

− Μογυχνοστ σνιµανϕα ϖαν µεστα σα κογα σε πρατι (νπρ., χεντραλιζαχιϕα σνιµακα).́

- Distri#uted architecture that offers fle/i#ility! scala#ility (one camera can #e added at a time) and redundancy (in case of #rea$do"n or failure)%• Μανε

− Ποϖε αϖα σε ισκορι ενϕε ιντερνετ προτοκα ακο σε σνιµανϕε ϖρ ι ιζϖαν µεστα σα κογα σε πρατι (νπρ. ,š šć ćχεντραλιζοϖανο).

− Ακο ποστοϕι γρε κα ιλι δο ε δο πρεκιδα υ µρε ι, σνιµανϕε σε µο ε πρεκινυτι.š ž žđ

− Υκολικο σε νε ζαητεϖα χεντραλιζοϖανο σνιµανϕε, υποτρεβα µρε νιη ϖιδεο σνιµα α ϕε εστο σκυπλϕα οδ διγιταλνιηž č č

σνιµα α.č

'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 31




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort- Zahteva složena izračunavanja kako bi se odredila količina video protoka kojim bi upravljao

server, količinu prostora na disku potrebnog za snimanje, broj slika u sekundi, nivo

kompresije i drugi faktori povezani sa mrežnim kapacitetom.<989)9<Tre>a Generacija: IP %igitalniTano gooreci! sistem ideo nad2ora se u potpunosti rOi pre$o I* adresa poOto su se n'egoe $omponente digitalne i sa prenos podata$ase rOi I* proto$olom% &a$e mreQe 2#og toga posedu'u mreQne $amere! $o'e se ta$oNe na2ia'u I* $amere! $o'e ima'u so' ugraNeni

en$oder% &ne su poe2ane! pre$o mreQnog multisia! na serere (*Cs) opreml'ene softerom 2a upral'an'e ideo snimcima% Sniman'e serOi na sereru ili na mreQnom ideo snimau% &#rada se rOi na sereru ili u perifernim ureNa'ima% MeNutim! mnogi l'udi smatra'u da sistemideo nad2ora i'i se snima$ emitu'e pre$o I* proto$ola i2 $odera 'e ustari sistem I* mreQe% 9 oim sistemima! $amere mogu #iti analogne!pod usloom da su poe2ani sa en$oderom%More information on I* ideo sureillance! and particularly on its pros and cons! isproided in the follo"ing section%<989<IP Video Nadzor&d 566A%god%! trQiOte ideo nad2ora prela2i sa analognih na I* ideo sisteme% &a' napreda$ u mreQnom ideo nad2oru se 'aio 2#og

procesors$ih po#ol'Oan'a! nis$ih troO$oa s$ladiOten'a i po#ol'Oanih algoritmima 2a $ompresi'u%Ia$o oa tran2ici'a posto'i! to 'e samo poetna fa2a i teO$o 'e predideti stopu po $o'o' ce I* sistem ideo nad2ora preu2eti trQiOte analogno'tehnologi'i ideo nad2ora% nalogne $amere se i dal'e $oriste% 9 stari! procen'u'e se da E;L instaliranih Oirom seta od F6 miliona $amerasu i dal'e analogne VW % Zta iOe! danas samo 'edan $upac u etiri #ira I* $amere 5A % MeNutim! I* $amere nude tehni$e prednosti nadanalognim $amerama! $ao Oto 'e #ol'i $alitet sli$e! ecu re2oluci'u i integrisanu inteligenci'u%+iso$a cena I* $amera! o$o da puta ePa od analognih $amera! 'e glani ra2log 2a n'iho man'i #ro'% Sa po#ol'Oan'ima od straneproi2oNaa do ideo re$ordera i posto'an'e hi#ridnih ideo snimaa! ladaina analognih $amera moQe #iti produQen 2a 'oO ne$oli$ogodina%&pOti principi I* sistema ideo nad2ora ima'u sledece $ara$teristi$e0

• Ονι συ ποτπυνο διγιταλνι: καµερε, µρε ε, σνιµανϕε, πριστυπ.ž

• Ονι µογυ υκλϕυ ιϖατι ραζλι ιτε ϖρστε καµερα: ιντελιγεντνε, µεγαπικσελνε, βε ι νε, ΠΤΖ, πανοραµσκε, ιτδ.žč č č=

* (ideo Market n"o, 009@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 3




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort

•

•

•

• &ni posedu'u sopsteni harder % &ni rade sa distri#utunim i multiplatformnim sererima%

Dodatno sniman'e se rOi pre$o mreQe (<+R)%MoQe se pristupiti dal'ins$i! sa #ilo $og mesta! u #ilo $o'e reme! #ilo i2 $ontrolnog centra! pre$o Interneta ili 8< ili +< mreQe! namo#ilnom telefonu itd%U Ima moguPnost $oriOPen'a ideo analiti$e%

+ideo nad2or u I* mreQi nudi #ro'ne prednosti% &na se 2asnia na fle$si#ilni'o' infrastru$turu 2a ra2li$u od analognog sistema! $om#inu'uciQini i #eQinu prenos% ZtaiOe! mreQna infrastru$turaima moguPnost #r2og i la$og proOirian'a% <e posto'i ogranien'e #ro'a $amera $o'e semogu dodati na n'ega% S o#2irom da se sadaOn'i sistem sasto'i od i2meNu F66 i ;66 $amera! u poreNen'u sa 5; do 76 pre ne$oli$o godina!in'enica 'e da se mreQa ideo nad2ora moQe la$o proOiriti sama po se#i pril'ai l'ude $ada ra2miOl'a'u o postal'an'u noog sistema%

>a instalaci'e sa eli$im ra2dal'inama i2meNu $amere i sistema 2a sniman'e! I* $amere su u prednost! 'er troO$oi $oa$si'alnih $a#loa suprilino iso$i% >ato se I* $amere primarno $oriste 2a nad2or instituci'a! $ao Oto su a$adems$e 2grade! eli$e $ompani'e! opOtine i o'ne#a2e%I* $amere ima'u mnoge tehni$e prednosti% <a primer! I* megapi$selne $amere nude nesumn'ie prednosti u odnosu na ideo nad2or%Re2oluci'a oih $amera 'e 2natno superiorni'a od re2oluci'e analognih $amera i samim tim moQe da reOi iOe 2loina% Ia$o s$upa! 'ednamegapi$selna $amera moQe esto da 2ameni ne$oli$o $amera %Inteligentne $amere! sa ugraNenim procesorima! o#e2#eNu'u tehni$a po#ol'Oan'e na noim sistemima ideo nad2ora posledn'ih generaci'a%&ni omogucaa'u da se distri#uira i2raunaan'a 2a o#radu ideo analiti$e i! stoga! uOtede na $oliini prenosa podata$a 'er prenose samopodat$e releantne 2a o#e2#eNen'e%

&torena arhite$tura mreQe I* ideo nad2ora omogucaa $oriOcen'e hardera ra2liitih proi2oNaa! samim tim posto'i moguPnost da sei2a#eru na'prilagodl'ii'i deloi 2a primenu nad2ora% &sim toga! I* arhite$tura ola$Oaa integraci'u ra2liitih #e2#ednosnosnih sistema(ideo! protipoQarni alarmi! $ontrola pristupa! itd%)%The configuration of these net"or$s "ith redundancy! #oth "ith respect to transmissionand archiing! proides for #etter relia#ility% In an entirely analogue net"or$! a camera or recorder malfunction may mean definitie ideo loss% Moreoer! net"or$ archiing! "hichis #ecoming increasingly less e/pensie! ma$es it possi#le to sae years of ideo rather than a fe" days or "ee$s "ith ideotape recorders or digital recorders #y merely adding onhard dries to increase storage capacity%

In these net"or$s! digital transmission of the ideo! from system end to end! reduces lossesin quality caused #y analogue to digital conersion% Moreoer! intelligent soft"areprocessing ma$es it possi#le to filter releant eents in the ideo and transmit only the'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallenges h l i l d ' i l t lli & t



echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortmetadata descri#ing them! there#y saing on #and"idth% These metadata are then used toinde/ the ideo content for more efficient searches in the captured footage% ,ith thesenet"or$s! it is also possi#le to send orders to the cameras! depending on the ideoprocessed% or e/ample! in response to a suspicious incident! the ideo managementsoft"are may automatically actiate the optical or digital 2oom on a net"or$ camera for amore accurate monitoring of the situation%There are also many dra"#ac$s to the shift to I* ideo sureillance% or e/ample! in thecase of e/isting analogue infrastructures! re"iring the entire net"or$ may #e quite costly%In this case! using encoders to digiti2e analogue signals "ill ma$e it possi#le to $eep thecameras in place and set up a hy#rid net"or$% Digital recorder technology has also greatlyprogressed in order to remain competitie% Digital recorders no" offer many adantagesthat are compara#le to I* net"or$ technologies0 remote access! a#ility to manage a largenum#er of cameras! integration "ith other systems (access control! intrusion detection!points of sale systems! etc%) and analytical a#ility% or small ideo sureillanceinstallations! using analogue cameras "ith digital recorders offers e/cellent performance atlo"er costs than I* ideo%lthough! from a technological point of ie"! I* ideo sureillance net"or$s offer numerous adantages! setting up these net"or$s poses certain organi2ational pro#lems% Thefirst is "ith respect to installation% Most ideo sureillance integrators and installers "or$ in the physical security sector% Bet! installing I* net"or$ ideo sureillance systemsrequires IT and especially net"or$ing s$ills% e" ideo sureillance integrators andinstallers are speciali2ed in this field%The second pro#lem is "ith respect to managing these systems% &nce installed! "ho in theorgani2ation is responsi#le for the ideo sureillance system- The physical securitypersonnel or computer serices- The e/isting uncertainty surrounding this issue inorgani2ations often results in delays shifting to I* ideo sureillance%inally! shifting from a closed.circuit teleision net"or$ to a ideo sureillance system!"hose data run through thernet or Internet net"or$s! raises computer security issues%*roper security mechanisms must o#iously #e put in place to protect the sureillanceideo% lso! proper ideo sureillance #ecomes dependent on the net"or$3s relia#ility% Inthat respect! ideo sureillance integration on I* net"or$s may follo" that of I* telephony!"hich is no" "idespread%<989Brchitecture o& an Intelligent Video 'ur?eillance Net@or0

Intelligent ideo sureillance systems may #e set up according to t"o large types of architecture0 centrali2ed or distri#uted% :oth perform intelligent processing to e/tract datafrom ideo images and may! if required! order a *T> camera to moe for actie monitoring%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallenges h l i l d ' i l t lli & t



echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort<989B98Centralized rchitecture,ith centrali2ed architecture! all intelligent processing is concentrated in the same place% Intraditional systems! it is the digital recorder that collects all ideo flo" for analy2ing% or net"or$ infrastructure! it is the computer serer (a *C) that "ill perform analyticalprocessing%+ideo analysis requires ast computing po"er! "hich monopoli2es a large part of the

processor3s resources% Since they must also manage encoding! recording and ie"ing of ideo flo"! digital recorders and serers can only carry out ideo analytics tas$s on alimited num#er of cameras%Moreoer! in the case of ideo sureillance systems on net"or$! transmitting all ideo flo"to a centrali2ed point ta$es up a lot of #and"idth% The computer net"or$ must #e a#le tohandle this traffic%<989B9)%i1tributed rchitectures the name indicates! distri#uted architecture distri#utes intelligent processing to the

different nodes of the ideo sureillance system% This "ay! the calculations required for analytics can #e done on peripheral equipment! on intelligent cameras "ith processors!encoders or in the net"or$ s"itches% ,ith this architecture! rather than sending ideo flo"to the digital recorder or a central computer! only metadata e/tracted from the ideo aretransmitted% The intelligence can also #e shared #et"een the peripheral equipment and thecentral processing unit%This infrastructure helps to reduce "iring costs and the #and"idth required in the ideosureillance net"or$% It also offers #etter scala#ility! since adding cameras is notnecessarily limited #y the digital recorder3s or the serer3s computing po"er%

<9)Technological 'tatu1 o& Video nal(tic1+ideo analytics and intelligent ideo sureillance are ery actie fields of research% &er the past ten years in particular! seeral conferences! special editions of maga2ines andarticles hae #een dedicated to this% fe" commercial products hae #een deelopedfollo"ing the research done in this sector% Ma'or pro'ects funded #y goernments! such as+SM in the 9nited States! and *RISMTIC in urope! hae encouraged thedeelopment of o#'ect detection! trac$ing and recognition techniques #ased on ideofootage%

Ho"eer! these are emerging technologies! and their use in large.scale applications are stillrecent and marginal% The cost of these technologies and their current technical limits inmonitoring comple/ enironments is an o#stacle to more "idespread adoption%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll i ht d 009 '&M d h ;l % " d S it




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortThis section descri#es the technological adances made in intelligent ideo sureillance% Itdiscusses the main analyses that ideo analytics soft"are can perform and proides a #rief description of the functionalities currently implemented in commercial systems! or that are#eing deeloped in research la#oratories% list of the main challenges these technologiesare facing! as "ell as current and future needs anticipated #y users! is also included% more in.depth reie" of the different procedures and intelligent ideo analysisalgorithms! as "ell as a more e/tensie #i#liography on the su#'ect can #e found in thescientific pu#lications VG! E! 6! ! 5! FW%<9)98%e1cription o& Video nal(tic1 Techni/ue1+ideo analytics consists of computer.assisted reproduction of the analysis that a human"ould do loo$ing at the ideo footage from the sureillance cameras% The analyticssoft"are processes ideo flo" images to automatically detect o#'ects (people! equipment!ehicles) and eents of interest for security purposes% &nce detected! the o#'ects can #eidentified! monitored and located (igure F)% Their actions and interactions are analy2edand classified in order to interpret the actiity of a scene and #ring it to the attention of a

human operator%+ideo analytics soft"are applications are used in t"o modes0 real and non.real time% In realtime! they detect situations in the ideo flo" that represent a security threat and trigger analarm% In non.real time! they ma$e it possi#le to quic$ly find ideo footage on an incidentunder inestigation%#igure B ; Object %etection and Trac0ingReal ti2e ale+tsD Most alerts are defined #y the intelligent ideo sureillance system user%They may #e generic alerts! such as detecting an a#andoned o#'ect or an item in the scenemoing oer a set speed limit% To trigger these alarms! only the properties of the o#'ect'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 3#




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortmoements are analy2ed #y the system% More specific alerts may #e issued after the o#'ectsor their moement hae #een classified (e%g%! discrimination #et"een the passage of ahuman or animal in an outside area)% :ehaiour.related alerts #ased on conformity or non.conformity "ith a #ehaiour model entered in the system (e%g%! an indiidual trying to openmore than one car in a par$ing lot)! constitute pre.defined alerts%Certain real.time alerts are automatically identified% &er time! the system learns a modelof actiity and ends up detecting non.standard actiities% or e/ample! an analyticssoft"are may learn that ehicles drie on the street and pedestrians "al$ on the side"al$%The opposite may trigger an alarm%"i-e sea+c7 9+ in/esti0atinD nalytics processing ma$es it possi#le to inde/ ideocontent #ased on characteristics such as the shape of o#'ects! their si2e! appearance!tra'ectory! type! as "ell as their model of actiity% Stored as metadata! this informationma$es it possi#le to conduct spatiotemporal searches such as [find all footage "ith a persondressed in red passing in front of a certain #uilding #et"een t"o gien dates\%The analytical functions deeloped for ideo sureillance systems hae different leels of analysis% Hierarchically! they are e/ecuted at the pi/el and o#'ect leel to achiee the#ehaiour scale% They are grouped according to the follo"ing tas$s0% Detection of changes5% Segmentation of moing o#'ects7% Monitoring of o#'ectsF% Classification and identification of o#'ects;% Classification of actiities and #ehaiours<9)9898%etection o& Change1In ideo sureillance! detecting changes in ideo footage is the #asis for all intelligent

analysis% It may detect an actiity in a scene under sureillance! in particular the moementof o#'ects% It may also reeal the appearance or disappearance of an o#'ect (a#andoned or stolen o#'ect)% It is also used to automatically report accidental or intentional alterations in acamera0 o#structions (dust! spider "e#s! moisture! paint! stic$ers)! reorientation! #lurriness%Many techniques for detecting moements used in ideo analytics are #ased on detectingchanges% Ho"eer! detecting changes in ideo footage does not specifically target themoement of o#'ects! #ut may highlight an image modulation% In order to segment 5G

moing o#'ects! "e must #e a#le to discriminate #et"een fluctuations in pi/el alue>

Seg4entation consists in se2arating obNects "ro4 the background@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 3=




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortcorresponding to consistent moements and fluctuations caused #y enironmental changes(igure ;)%#igure ! 'egmentation o& an indi?idual in ?ideo &ootageThis is a ma'or pro#lem in ideo analytics #ecause comple/ enironments may presentmany! sometimes sudden ariations0 change in lighting (shado"s! moement of the sun!clouds! mirror reflections in glass or on "ater! glare caused #y sources of light in thescene)! non.releant moements (flag flapping in the "ind! "aes on "ater)% That is "hy

many analytical methods "or$ "ell indoors! in scenes "ith little moement% lgorithmsthat are ro#ust enough to #e applied in uncontrolled settings are much rarer%Seeral moement segmentation techniques hae #een proposed%Sut+actin 9 t7e ac60+un-D In its most primitie form! detecting changes comesdo"n to finding! pi/el #y pi/el! differences in colour or te/ture #et"een the images of asequence% first category of techniques consists in comparing each frame of a sequence toa reference image! called the #ac$ground! "hich represents the undistur#ed scene% Theareas of change are formed of pi/els "ith a difference in intensity that is a#oe a threshold%*i/el.#y.pi/el su#traction #et"een t"o images is ery sensitie to the slightest

enironmental change! such as changes in lighting and moements inherent to a scene (e%g%!the foliage of a tree #lo"ing in the "ind)% In order to offset this pro#lem! certain techniquescontinually adapt the #ac$ground model to intrinsic changes in the enironment 5E % Thedifference "ith the #ac$ground is a method that is particularly suited to indoor enironments! "here lighting conditions are controlled and "here there is little actiity(e%g%! monitoring a hall"ay)%Ti2e<ase- -i99e+enceD second class of methods for detecting change is #ased on a timedifference #et"een a fe" consecutie frames% These frames adapt to ariations in the timeof the enironment% &n the other hand! they tend to oersee certain ariations related to themoement of o#'ects in the scene! especially if they moe slo"ly% They often produce holesin the o#'ects detected% These techniques therefore require smoothing treatment! "ith9

For e:a42le, using a Jal4an "ilter D9E@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 3>




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortmorphological operators and filtering of holes and shapes that are too small% In order toretain only significant moements and eliminate occasional moements! certain techniquesdra" up a map of the regions "ith a high leel of actiity! #ased on a moement pattern%Otical FlD Methods that analy2e optical flo" 76 help to detect consistent directions of pi/el change associated "ith the moement of o#'ects in the scene% Ho"eer! they requirecomple/ calculations that are difficult to do in real time% &ptical flo" is also sensitie to theimage3s noise 7 %<9)989)Trac0ing Object1fter detecting moing o#'ects! intelligent ideo sureillance systems trac$ their moementoer the ideo footage (igure ?)% ach tas$ requires locating each o#'ect trac$ed from oneimage to another% This can #e done in 5D "ith a single camera! or in 7D com#ining t"oie"s "ith $no"n geometric relationship%Many trac$ing techniques are #ased on mathematical methods that ma$e it possi#le topredict an o#'ect3s position on a frame #ased on its moement in the preious frames 75 %Trac$ing seeral o#'ects at the same time poses many challenges% ach o#'ect detected in a

frame must #e associated "ith its corresponding o#'ect in the su#sequent frame% Thismatching is done #ased on the o#'ects3 outlines! their characteristics (e%g%! corners! area!ratios! etc%)! or their model of appearance%&cclusions (regions hidden #y others) represent a ma'or difficulty for trac$ing o#'ects% ideo sureillance system may lose trac$ of an o#'ect if it is totally or partially o#structedoer a certain period of time% It may also #e difficult to separate t"o o#'ects "hen they areery close or "hen one hides another%3031

!2tical "lo is the translation .ector "ield 2roduced in an i4age b 4o.ing obNects in a 3% scene@

4age de"ects o"ten attributable to ac7uisition conditions and the ca4era8s li4its@3

Jal4an "ilter, s2eci"ic "ilters, dna4ic Baesian netorks, geodesic 4ethod, etc@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 39




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort#igure D ; Trac0ing o& object trajectorie1 in ?ideo &ootage<9)989<Cla11i&ication and Identi&ication o& Object1&#'ects detected #y a ideo sureillance system are usually classified into differentcategories0 human! ehicle! animal! etc% This classification may #e done prior to trac$ing inorder to retain only the tra'ectories of o#'ects that are releant for sureillance purposes%In general! systems recogni2e the nature of an entity detected #ased on its shape attri#utes

and moement properties% or e/ample! a human is usually presented as a form that is taller than it is "ide! "hereas an automo#ile "ould #e "ider than it is tall (igure A)% Human gaithas specific features! in particular! a certain periodicity%#igure E ; Object cla11i&ication Hhuman1 ?19 ?ehicle1&#'ect identification pushes recognition further% fter finding the class to "hich an o#'ect#elongs! it must #e identified% ,ith sureillance! and in particular for access control or "hen searching for a suspect! the goal is to recogni2e an indiidual or decipher a ehiclelicense plate% +ast research and deelopment efforts hae #een inested in recent years inthese t"o speciali2ed applications%

Recogni2ing human faces and gait are the t"o main #iometric tools to identify people inideo sureillance% nalysis of gait proides clues for the preliminary identification of anindiidual filmed from a distance! in a "ide field%ace recognition proides for a more accurate identification! #ut requires a face image "ithgood resolution and in a proper position (facing for"ard as much as possi#le)% Mostsystems "ill tolerate a face rotation of up to F;X% Many face encoding and comparison'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age )0




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2orttechniques hae #een proposed since the early E6s 77 and are #ased primarily on thee/traction of mathematical descriptors or topological points on the face% Initially deeloped#ased on photographs! face recognition applications hae e/isted for a fe" years on ideofootage% Depending on the method used! recognition can #e achieed #y changingappearance! such as the addition of glasses or a #eard! facial e/pressions and lighting% <e"7D face recognition techniques 7F appear to improe identification performance andro#ustness in comparison to 5D techniques% Ho"eer! face recognition in an uncontrolledenironment! such as a cro"d! continues to #e a pro#lem that has not yet #een satisfactorilyresoled #y current ideo analytics systems%Reading license plates from ideo sureillance is a difficult application% It requires a high.resolution image% There are many enironmental interferences "hen analy2ing an image0#ad "eather! headlight #rightness! dirty or damaged plate% In order to read a license plate! asystem must first locate the rectangle of the plate among all of the image3s details (igureG)% It must then proceed "ith optical character recognition 7; % plate filmed at an angledistorts the characters in the image and complicates the recognition process% In order toma/imi2e the system3s efficiency! plate recognition is done most often using speciali2edsystems that concentrate on camera positioning and lighting quality%#igure - ; 3icen1e plate detection<9)989BCla11i&ication o& cti?itie1 and 2eha?iour1&ne of the goals of ideo sureillance is to interpret the indiidual #ehaiours of theo#'ects in a scene and their interactions% :roadly spea$ing! #ehaiours are defined as theo#sera#le actions of agents (humans! animals! ehicles! etc%) Since #ehaiour recognition777F7;

An o.er.ie o" "ace recognition techni7ues is a.ailable at htt2<@"ace$rec@orgalgorith4s

Ise o" A)(ision structured in"rared light, or /eo4etri: triangulation based on 4ulti2le .ies@!'&, in nglish@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age )1




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortrequires a semantic! sometimes comple/ analysis of "hat appears in the image! it is themost difficult challenge for ideo analytics systems%The goal may #e to detect a simple #ehaiour! such as [an indiidual has left a #ag in aroom%\ Ho"eer! the chain of interactions may quic$ly #ecome comple/0$ndi.idual lea.es a 7ag in a room# $ndi.idual @ takes t*e 7ag and lea.es t*e room#$ndi.idual @ 7umps into indi.idual and s*akes *is *and# ConclusionA t*e 7ag was notstolen#naly2ing and interpreting #ehaiours means recogni2ing moement patterns ande/tracting from them! at a higher leel! a description of the actions and interactions% s isthe case "ith all classification issues! a sequence of characteristics o#sered has to #eassociated "ith a model sequence representing a specific #ehaiour% The pro#lem thereforeconsists of modelling typical #ehaiours! #y learning or #y definition! and finding acomparison method that tolerates slight ariations%Hidden Mar$o Models 7? ! neural net"or$s and :ayesian net"or$s are among the mostused techniques for modelling normal #ehaiour and detecting deiant #ehaiour% Thesetechniques trigger an alarm #ased on statistical discrepancy "ith the inferred model of thescene% *redefined eent detection methods also e/ist% These are #ased on a system of rules!such as triggering an alarm if an o#'ect #igger than a threshold alue remains stationary for a certain period of time in a gien region%<9)989Cro@d nal(1i1 domain of the future in ideo analytics research is cro"d analysis and monitoring% ,iththe quic$ escalation of the glo#al population! the densification of large ur#an centres! andthe gro"ing issue of proiding security during large gatherings! ideo sureillance has#ecome an interesting aenue% Cameras are actually already set up to monitor large eents

(such as sporting eents 7A ! political conentions! etc%)! #ut the analytical efficiency of ideosystems in this conte/t remains de#ata#le%>han et al% VFW hae reie"ed the research into cro"d analysis% The different ideoanalytics steps discussed in the preious sections are applied to it% Ho"eer! analy2ing acro"d has its o"n set of specific pro#lems #ecause cro"ds are made up of numerousindiiduals%3#3=

n nglish, Hidden Marko. Models KHMML@n 001, the cit o" e42a, Florida, used .ideo sur.eillance "or "ace recognition o" 4e4bers o" the crod@aken "ro4 Barber, /, 3i?ing on the 7rong 'ide o& a One!7a( Mirror: Face &ecognition echnolog and(ideo Sur.eillance, 1# ul 001@ htt2<@grasonbarber@co42d"WrongSide@2d"@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009




echnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortstimating density is a fundamental step in cro"d monitoring and management! requiringan appro/imate assessment of the num#er of indiiduals% The numerous occlusions andu/tapositions ma$e pedestrian segmentation for counting purposes difficult% Some

techniques assume a proportional relationship #et"een the num#er of pi/els associated "iththe foreground! follo"ing segmentation! and the num#er of people% &ther methods are#ased on image te/ture in order to characteri2e cro"d density% Certain algorithms detecthead contour! "hile others use the histograms of seeral characteristics to deduce the

appro/imate num#er of people%lthough o#'ect trac$ing is one of the most popular research topics in ideo sureillance!most of the algorithms deeloped apply to a small num#er of people (less than ten at atime)% Trac$ing pedestrians in cro"ds presents ma'or difficulties! especially "ith respect tothe large num#er of indiiduals to #e follo"ed from one frame to the ne/t and thenumerous occlusions present% Some methods trac$ $ey features! "hich are less su#'ect to#eing distur#ed #y occlusions than contours% &thers model the human #ody or its parts%*ro#a#ilistic matching methods or specific filters are used to follo" these models duringideo footage% Some papers e/ist on trac$ing using seeral cameras0 M5Trac$er "or$s "ithsynchroni2ed cameras! and Chang et al% 7G use a com#ination of fi/ed and *T> cameras%It is important to follo" a cro"d3s moements for security purposes% or e/ample! thecro"d3s tra'ectory and flo" "ill #e analy2ed% ,hen modelling the cro"d and its#ehaiours! certain researchers consider the cro"d as a "hole and interpret the moementsof the different parts% Techniques such as optical flo" and hidden Mar$o models are usedto model moements% Some models "ill com#ine microscopic (indiidual) andmacroscopic (cro"d) analysis% In this conte/t! t"o types of approaches are proposed todescri#e a cro"d3s actiity0 the application of physical models! such as the $inematics of gas particles and fluid dynamics! and agent.#ased techniques%<9)989Dcti?e Video 'ur?eillance in Multi!Camera '(1tem1Modern ideo sureillance systems! in particular on I* net"or$s! may #e comprised of hundreds of cameras% Sometimes! seeral cameras coer the same area% Some of them arepo"er.operated and can #e controlled to capture further details on an eent detected in a"ide field% or e/ample! the camera can 2oom in on an indiidual penetrating an area inorder to identify him=her% In certain net"or$s! cameras are intelligent! i%e%! they hae their o"n processing unit% They can e/change information "ith a central system or directlyamongst themseles%

These sureillance camera net"or$s ma$e it possi#le to follo" o#'ects oer e/tensieareas% urthermore! multiple ie"s may help to sole o#'ect occlusion pro#lems% In a3>

'ited in D1)E@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit




g g 2distri#uted architecture! analytical processing can #e done in parallel! there#y acceleratingthe analysis and saing on #and"idth #y transmitting only metadata%Ho"eer! these net"or$s also raise specific pro#lems that the scientific "orld is trying tosole0• Ca2e+a cali+atinD &peration that consists in esta#lishing a correspondence #et"een the glo#al reference mar$ of the scene o#sered and the camera coordinate system! as "ell as in determining the camera3s intrinsic parameters! such as distortion7E % This precision process may #e tedious for a net"or$ "ith many cameras% It is prefera#le to deelop analytical functions that do not require any camera cali#ration or self.cali#rating methods%• M/e2ent -etectinD or a po"er.operated camera! the camera3s moement creates an apparent change in the image% Moement detection methods must distinguish #et"een camera moement and independent changes%• Oect t+ac6in0 n se/e+al ca2e+asD In order to #e a#le to trac$ an o#'ect from one camera to the ne/t! correspondence must #e esta#lished #et"een the different ie"s in a

common reference point% Camera resetting consists in calculating parameters for transforming the image from one camera to the ne/t #ased on the change in reference point and the moement model% This operation uses a priori $no"ledge of the scene3s topology% It allo"s for an increased 5D (5D=5) or 7D ie" to #e o#tained of the scene% Changes in o#'ect appearance and positioning oer time! as "ell as changes in lighting! complicate the resetting process%• %etectin 9 ca2e+a ta2e+in0D The more cameras a net"or$ has! the more difficult it is to control ho" they function% These systems must hae #uilt.in tools for automatic detection of camera #rea$do"ns and alterations in order to remain functional%

Multi.camera actie ideo sureillance systems are used a#oe all for monitoring e/tensieor distri#uted areas! such as transportation systems! #an$ing infrastructures! goernmentinstitutions (military #ases! prisons! strategic infrastructures! radar centres! hospitals)!pu#lic #uildings! shopping malls and par$ing lots%<9)9)nal(tic1 in Commercial '(1tem1Many ideo analytics products to ena#le intelligent ideo sureillance hae #eenintroduced into the mar$et since the start of the decade% list of the main deelopers of ideo analytics soft"are is proided in ppendi/ F%

&erall! the products aaila#le offer roughly the same #asic functionalities% Some soft"areapplications stand out #ecause they offer more speciali2ed functionalities (e%g%! license platerecognition) or due to performance%39

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g g 2The main ideo analytics functions on the mar$et can #e summari2ed as follo"s0•

•

•

•Trac$ing #y *T> camera triggered #y an alarm%

Detection of camera #rea$do"n and tampering%Detection of disappeared or a#andoned o#'ect%Detection of intrusion (person or ehicle) in controlled areas or perimeters0 restrictedirtual limits! security 2ones! passage of seeral indiiduals or ehicles through accesscontrol using a single piece of ID (tailgating)! intrusion through an e/it ramp! personpassing oer or under a #ooth%Detection and trac$ing of people or ehicles0 analysis of speed and direction of moement! detection of stationary person=car=o#'ect near a sensitie infrastructure%Counting of people or ehicles! detection of cro"ds or e/cess num#ers%

Detection of theft and fraud at points of sale%:ehaiour recognition0 detection of loitering! fights! races! falls! moement against theflo" of traffic! graffiti! andalism%Traffic monitoring0 traffic speed=density=direction! o#'ects on the paement! disregard for speed limits! congestion! pedestrians! etc%ace detection and recognition%8icense plate recognition%ire detection #y image analysis%•

••

•

•

•

•

•+ideo analytics technologies are still young and require deelopment% Many commercialapplications "or$ "ell in controlled enironments! #ut most of them perform less "ell"hen set up at the client3s location and actually used% These systems require astad'ustments and parameteri2ation in order to operate properly for a specific application%: i f i h d i i i d d i f




g g 2acquisition conditions (lighting! position! etc%) #e controlled in order to proide satisfactoryresults%Certain #ehaiours are detected #y the analytics soft"are aaila#le on the mar$et% Theseconsist of actiities that can #e deduced from the properties of simple moements (speed!direction! etc%)! such as a person running! loitering or falling% Ho"eer! it is often difficultto determine the threat leel this moement represents% or e/ample! is a person running#ecause they are trying to get a"ay or #ecause they don3t "ant to miss their flight at the

airport- :ehaiour recognition remains an e/perimental field in analytics%+ideo analytics e/pectations often greatly e/ceed the actual performance of thetechnologies! "hich are difficult to integrate and use% &n this topic! Hearing et al% VWsuggest a list of desira#le characteristics for a commercial ideo analytics system%• Mini2iin0 t7e necessa+, cn9i0u+atinsD commercial system should not require a ast amount of configuration! parameteri2ation and training time% Ideally! the user should proide a minimum amount of additional information to ideo flo" on installation%• O99e+ suitale e+9+2anceD The num#er of false alarms should #e $ept as lo" as

possi#le to aoid distur#ing security personnel needlessly% Ho"eer! it is een more critical that the system not allo" a real threat to pass% The #alance to #e achieed #et"een the num#er of false alarms and missed detections depends on the security application%• N ca2e+a cali+atin + aut2atin 9 sa2e +equi+e-D Camera cali#ration ma$es it possi#le to calculate the actual si2e and speed of the o#'ects in the scene% It esta#lishes the correspondence #et"een the geometry of the scene and that of the image%• Su+t a i-e +an0e 9 ca2e+asD +ideo analysis should #e equally possi#le on images from colour! #lac$ and "hite! infrared! thermal or omni.directional cameras%

• Re2ain as 0ene+ic as ssileD Ideally! the detection of releant eents should #e possi#le in different types of enironments and cases of application% Ho"eer! certain settings hae ery specific pro#lems! such as areas "ith #odies of "ater% ,ater moement and mirror reflections distur# the algorithms that detect changes in the image on "hich o#'ect detection and trac$ing is #ased%• O99e+ +i/ac, +tectin 2ec7anis2sD nalytics systems should ma$e it possi#le to hide details on ideo footage (such as faces) that are not essential for processing a security alarm%<9)9<

Video nal(tic1 Need1 and Challenge1 fe" technological needs and challenges "ere identified for the intelligent ideosureillance field follo"ing a search of the documentation and a consultation of e/perts andusers ,e hae presented them in this section




@ien the e/plosion in the amount of ideo footage captured #y security! the need todeelop automatic methods for detecting suspicious people! o#'ects or eents so that onlysequences releant for human analysis are su#mitted has #een "idely noted% /istingtechniques are promising! #ut fe" of them are currently commercially used in real casescenarios%,ith respect to research! there are many algorithms applica#le to ideo sureillance! #utthey are often partial solutions dealing "ith only part of the ideo sureillance pro#lem%

There are fe" complete e/perimental systems operating under near.reality conditions%It is currently "idely agreed that "hat "or$s "ell in ideo analytics is moement detection!the detection of specific o#'ects! license plate recognition done from speciali2ed systems!and the detection of certain specific #ehaiours ("al$ing! running! carrying an o#'ect)%The follo"ing needs to #e deeloped or improed0• <ear.real.time detection and recognition! i%e%! in the minutes follo"ing the incident (especially important for the security of sensitie infrastructures or during ma'or eents)%• More specifically! real.time face recognition (5; to 76 frames=sec)%

• ace recognition in a cro"d% This requires an image "ith sufficient resolution that can #e accessi#le "ith the megapi/el cameras no" aaila#le on the mar$et%• *eople counting in cro"ded enironments and under arious angles.of.ie"%• Trac$ing of specific o#'ects in cro"ded scenes (an indiidual in a cro"d or a ehicle in traffic)%• Trac$ing of hinged #odies for understanding actiities%• Recognition of more comple/ #ehaiours! releant for security purposes%• Segmentation of areas of colour% or e/ample! colour information on a car may improe

the performance of the plate recognition algorithm% It may also #e used to recogni2e different pieces of an indiidual3s clothing%• or detection and recognition! the fusion of different ideo data (e%g%! com#ining face recognition "ith gait recognition)! or the merger of ideo data "ith those o#tained #y different systems (temperature sensors! #iometric systems! etc%)! are the methods #eing #uilt on%Many ideo analytics algorithms function only for fi/ed cameras! good resolution and "ithadequate and constant lighting! "hich is not ery useful for most applications% Somefrequent pro#lems are neer ta$en into consideration! such as sudden camera changes

(spider "e#s! dust! moed camera)% The ro#ustness and accuracy of most of the e/istingdetection! trac$ing and recognition algorithms are ital "hen dealing "ith changingenironmental conditions% In order to #e adopted #y consumers! intelligent ideosureillance systems must #e strong enough to deal "ith different "eather conditions!




This is a si2ea#le challenge in the deelopment of intelligent ideo sureillance systems!i%e%! performance assessments% Should systems #e compared to humans- or manysureillance tas$s! such as detecting a#andoned o#'ects! humans perform horri#ly% Bet it isdifficult to compare the systems to each other since most performance tests are carried outon different sets of data%Therefore! o#'ectie and systematic methods should #e deeloped to ealuate and compareintelligent ideo sureillance system performance% This operation depends greatly on the

analytical tas$ to #e ealuated% It also requires #uilding a set of annotated data (groundtruth) and choosing a distance measure to ealuate the difference #et"een the system3sresponses and the ground truth%The follo"ing are some ideo analytics system ealuation initiaties already in place0• *TS (*erformance aluation of Trac$ing and Sureillance) F6 0 Ma$es it possi#le to su#mit an online algorithm for ealuation% *roposes a metric%• CRDS (Challenge for real time eent detection solutions)0 Competition for detecting predefined eents on *aris su#"ay sureillance footage (e%g%! person "al$ing on the

trac$s)%• I.8IDS (Imagery 8i#rary for intelligent Detection Systems) F 0 8aunched #y @reat :ritain3s Home &ffice Scientific Deelopment :ranch% Ma$es it possi#le to perform tests on ideo data to detect par$ed ehicles! a#andoned luggage! intruders in controlled perimeters! and door monitoring%• TIS& (]aluation du traitement de l3interprétation de séquences ideo ̂ performance ealuation pro'ect for ideo sureillance) F5 0 :y the rench goernment! pro'ect terminated! #ut #ody of $no"ledge aaila#le on request for non.commercial research purposes%

• R+T (ace Recognition +endor Tests) F7 0 Conducts tests of different face recognition systems on seeral data#ases in order to proide an o#'ectie comparison #et"een endors% The results ena#le the merican goernment and their security agencies to $no" "here face recognition technologies may #e deployed and to identify future research #ases in this field%inally! analytics algorithms must adapt to the ne" ideo sureillance system architectures0heterogeneous multi.cameras (possi#ly po"er.operated)! distri#uted intelligence! high.resolution ideo% Research and deelopment "ill #e necessary for0• Introducing intelligence in the cameras%)0)1

@2ets4etrics@net@ htt2<scienceandresearch@ho4eo""ice@go.@ukhosdbcct.$i4aging$technolog.ideo$based$detection$ sste4si$lidsilids$datasets$2ricing@




• Creating adaptie algorithms%• na#ling trac$ing "ith po"er.operated cameras in a multi.scale approach0 "ide detection field! then 2ooming.in on an o#'ect or indiidual to e/tract greater details%• Deeloping self.adapting and self.cali#rating algorithms for real.time ad'ustment of camera parameters (2oom! focus! aperture! etc%)! #ased on changes in the monitored scene%

<9<Technological Trend1 &or Video 'ur?eillanceMany current ideo sureillance systems still rely on traditional technologies0 analoguecameras! coa/ial ca#les! digital recorders% Ho"eer! technical progress in this field has ledto changes in ideo sureillance system architectures! components and capacities%The follo"ing are the main technological trends anticipated #y e/perts in the field for thecoming years%• shift to ideo sureillance on I* net"or$s is under"ay% Currently mainly adopted for large infrastructures! I* ideo sureillance could "in oer smaller users if I* camera

costs drop%• Megapi/el cameras are a ma'or technical #rea$through in ideo sureillance! offering #etter resolution and "ider coerage% They also improe the performance of analytical processing% They should therefore #ecome "idespread% &ne e/pert questioned for this report predicted that half of sureillance cameras "ill #e high resolution #y 565%• The H%5?F compression standard (M*@.F *art 6=+C for danced +ideo Coding) should #ecome esta#lished in ideo sureillance% Its superior compression ratios in comparison to e/isting standards ma$e it possi#le to sae on #and"idth and storage space% This standard should encourage the adoption of megapi/el cameras in ideo sureillance%• Sureillance systems "ill hae multiple camera net"or$s operating in real time% In these systems! the trend is to distri#ute recordings and processing in different nodes (cameras and encoders) in order to decrease the quantity of data transmitted%• There should #e greater integration and #etter interopera#ility of the different security systems to ena#le their management under the same command and control centre% Thus! ideo sureillance! access control! #iometric solutions! RID! intrusion detection systems could #e connected%

• Intelligent ideo sureillance should progress and ideo analytics products should #ecome more ro#ust and efficient for security applications% &#'ect (people! faces! ehicles! etc%) detection! trac$ing and recognition in loaded cro"ded scenes! as "ell as#ehaiour recognition "ill #e the most actie research fields for ideo sureillance%




• The use of ideo sureillance systems "ill progressiely e/tend #eyond security% pplications "ill deelop for mar$eting analyses! studying consumer #ehaiours and monitoring company operations%B9%"'CRIPTION O# T" '"C,RIT5 N% VI%"O ',RV"I33NC" MR6"TB98Global 'ecurit( Mar0etThe security mar$et is a ast and eclectic mar$et that coers seeral industry actiities(manufacturing! serices! integration! distri#ution! etc%)% Supply can also #e diided intoarious mar$et segments0 safety of indiiduals! computer! net"or$ and communicationsecurity (IT security)! security of infrastructures! access control! authentication! front.lineserices! including emergency assistance and interentions during times of crisis! the "ar on terrorism! transportation security (air! maritime! rail"ay! roads)! industrial security!detection of and response to a chemical! #iological! radiological and nuclear attac$! etc% Itshould #e noted that numerous segments identified are primarily drien #y the State! "hichsho"s the importance of this player in guiding the mar$et! #oth as a legislator and as aclient%Many of the products or serices offered "ithin the aforementioned segments areoerlapping! "hich highlights the difficulties in defining this mar$et and "hat it entails% <oofficial classification has #een adopted in Canada to date to designate the field of security%&f note in this respect is the approach ta$en #y the Centre for Security Science (CSS)! apu#lic federal organi2ation set up 'ointly #y Defence Research and Deelopment Canadaand *u#lic Safety Canada! and "hich includes E federal goernment agencies% The CSS3smission is primarily ciil defence and pu#lic protection! and it diides its S4T actiitiesinto the follo"ing four #road areas0•

•

•

• Critical Infrastructure *rotection (CI*) Sureillance! Intelligence and Interdiction (SI5) mergency Management and Systems Integration (MSI) *rotection against Chemical! :iological! Radiological! <uclear and /plosie (C:R<)

gents%In this conte/t! analy2ing the si2e of this mar$et and the income it generates #ased on thedifferent studies pu#lished is a comple/ tas$% The "ay the mar$et is defined! i%e%! "hat isand is not included in said definition aries from study to study ma$ing a comparison

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort di # H l d S i R h C i h #li d i il



ccording to a report #y Homeland Security Research Corporation! the pu#lic and ciilsecurity mar$et e/perienced a phase of quite significant gro"th (a#out ?66L) #et"een5666 and 566G BB ! especially follo"ing the Septem#er 566 attac$s% &f note that! in thisstudy! the security mar$et has #een defined in ery #road terms and includes! for e/ample!certain e/penses associated "ith homeland security actiities conducted #y theDepartments of Defence% This mar$et is e/pected to gro" #y GL #et"een 566G and 56G%This study coers 56 $ey national mar$ets that define trends in this field%

lthough Canada is not a ma'or international player in security matters! it has follo"ed thegro"th trend and increased pu#lic safety e/penses follo"ing the eents in <e" Bor$! andalso in response to the administratie reorgani2ations of the 9S federal goernment and thecreation of the Department of Homeland Security% Since #eing created in 5667! theDepartment of *u#lic Safety and mergency *reparedness (formerly *S*C! no" *u#licSafety Canada) "as allocated an annual #udget #et"een K; #illion and KA #illion (igureE)% more in.depth study of the e/penses incurred #y this Department and itsorgani2ations B "ould #e required in order to accurately determine ho" they are earmar$ed%Net epen1e1 o& Public 'a&et( Canada. )**J)**D to )*8*J)*88.

in billion1 o& current Canadian dollar1-EDB<))**J)**D )**DJ)**E )**EJ)**- )**-J)**+ )**+J)*8* )*8*J)*88e1timated epen1e1

#igure + ; Table ta0en &rom the Report on Plan1 and Prioritie1. )**!)**D to )**-!)**+The aaila#le data tend to indicate that mar$ets "ill continue to gro" "orld"ide! #ut thatsaid gro"th "ill #e slo"er than oer the past eight years%))

Ho4eland Securit &esearch 'or2oration@ -ational Securit S2ending !utlook in 0 countries, 009$01>, 13 -o.e4ber 00>, a.ailable at< htt2<@ho4elandsecuritresearch@net00>1113national$securit$ s2ending$outlook$in$0$countries$009$01>@)5

&oal 'anadian Mounted *olice, 'orrectional Ser.ice 'anada, 'anada Border Ser.ices Agenc, 'anadian Securit ntelligence Ser.ice, -ational *arole Board, 'o44ission "or *ublic 'o42laints Against the &'M*, !""ice o" the 'orrectional n.estigator, &'M* :ternal &e.ie 'o44ittee@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 51

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortTh f t t l i thi h Th t i t t i l d th f t



There are many factors to e/plain this phenomenon% The most important include the factthat gro"th in the first half of the current decade "as due mainly to the ast pu#lic fundsinested #y the merican goernment as part of the implementation of Homeland Securityand of arious programs to secure the territory% *art of these programs included ma'or immo#ili2ation efforts% or e/ample! the Secure :order Initiatie (S:Inet) is aimed atsecuring the northern and southern #orders of the 9nited States% The portion of the programallocated to the Canadian.merican #order is currently at the deployment stage follo"ing

the granting of contracts in 566? to :oeing to superise the program%B9)Video 'ur?eillance Mar0etThe ideo sureillance mar$et is part of the security mar$et and oerlaps into many of thesegments discussed in the preious section% or e/ample! in 566A in the 9nited States! theideo sureillance segment represented 7FL of the national security mar$et! alued at KE%;#illion F? %The Multimedia Intelligence FA ,hite :oo$ identifies si/ $ey client groups for ideosureillance.related products0••

•

•

•

•inancial and #an$ing enironments%Transportation sector%Industry%Retailing sector%*u#lic sector%ducation sector%Three of these sectors (transportation! education and the pu#lic sector) are heailyinfluenced #y goernments in terms of legislation and guidelines (standards!interopera#ility! etc%)! or in terms of funding% ccording to this firm! the residential andsmall #usiness sectors do not! therefore! appear to #e a priority for ideo sureillance%Most analysts consider that the glo#al ideo sureillance mar$et "ill also continue to gro"in coming years! #ut opinions differ as to the e/pected rate of this gro"th%&rgani2ations such as :I Research hae ery optimistic forecasts! estimating that theglo#al ideo sureillance mar$et should increase from 9SK7%; #illion in 566? to 9SKF?#illi i 567 hi h t 7FL i IMS i t


ti t hil th hi hl t d fi d i t l$ f ?L l th f id



estimates! "hile the highly respected firm reedonia tal$s of ?L annual gro"th for ideosureillance B- % @ien the difference in these figures! pro#a#ly resulting from differentmar$et definitions! reenues may range #et"een 9SKA%5; #illion and KF #illion for 566Ausing these t"o sources as an e/ample%B9)98Video 'ur?eillance Mar0et %ri?ing #orce1The follo"ing are a fe" driing forces #ehind the ideo sureillance mar$et0

• The after.effects of Septem#er ! 566! and the fear of ne" terrorist attac$s (<e" Bor$! 8ondon! Madrid! :ali! Mum#ai! etc%)• ents such as shootings in pu#lic places! especially in educational institutions (Colum#ine! +irginia.Tech! CollJge Da"son! etc%)• Hi$es in local crime%• Certain technological adances that improe the performance of systems and=or reduce costs associated "ith their installation or maintenance%• @reater pu#lic consent as to the installation of ideo sureillance systems in pu#lic

places%• The possi#ility of using the images gathered for legal proceedings%• The possi#ility of com#ining ideo sureillance technology "ith other access control technologies (such as #iometrics)%B9)9)Video 'ur?eillance Mar0et Inhibitor1The follo"ing are a fe" ideo sureillance mar$et inhi#itors0• Concerns e/pressed "ith respect to protecting indiidual priacy%• Dou#ts a#out the efficiency of these systems in preenting a terrorist attac$ or a [+irginia.Tech\ type of attac$%• System relia#ility%• Comple/ system installation and use (user.friendliness)%• Maintenance and upgrading costs%• #sence of harmoni2ed industry."ide standards%• Decreased fears of a terrorist attac$%• 8ac$ of qualified personnel%B-

In1titute o" Manage4ent and Ad4inistration, nc@ Securit8s %irector &e2ort, -esbrie",Februarhtt2s<@io4a@co4OP*AuthPsourceWW00903Pst2eWB@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort&n a sector #ased le el :I anticipates high ideo s r eillance gro th in the



&n a sector.#ased leel! :I anticipates high ideo sureillance gro"th in thetransportation mar$et! "ith reenues of 9SK5 #illion! and e/pects the retailing mar$et togenerate its o"n reenues of 9SKF #illion in 567 FE %B9)9<The IP and Intelligent Video 'ur?eillance Mar0etThe ideo sureillance mar$et is at a turning point in its eolution! initiating a shift to"ardsdigital applications and I* net"or$ infrastructures ;6 % The fle/i#ility and e/panda#ility

scala#ility of I* systems! the fact that most of them can operate on non.proprietaryhard"are! as "ell as technological adances in parts are ma$ing these systems moreinteresting for potential clients and driing do"n costs%s mentioned in Multimedia Intelligence3s "hite #oo$ paper! gro"th and gro"the/pectations for the I* ideo sureillance mar$et are quite ro#ust% The I* camera su#.section in particular is e/periencing strong e/pansion! recording a ;6L 'ump in reenuesfor 566A! reaching K;66 million "orld."ide ; % This gro"th is almost four times higher thanfor all ideo sureillance equipment put together% Despite this! #ased on reenues! I*cameras only represent GL of the total sureillance camera mar$et%

The high cost of I* cameras! almost t"ice that of analogue cameras! is the main o#staclefacing consumers ;5 % Ho"eer! according to some e/perts! I* cameras should dominate themar$et "ithin three to seen years! there#y giing a #oom to [all I*\ ideo sureillance%Megapi/el cameras could #e the driing force #ehind this transition to I* technologies%Technical adantages in terms of the image quality and resolution afforded #y megapi/elcameras in ideo sureillance are a real motiation for users% /is is the largestmanufacturer of I* cameras! and Mo#oti/ is the main manufacturer of megapi/el cameras%The adent of I* ideo sureillance does not mean the death $nell is #eing tolled for traditional CCT+ systems using analogue cameras% The technical progress made #y

manufacturers to digital recorders and hy#rid digital recorders! such as remote access!e/panda#ility and integration of on.#oard analytics! $eeps them competitie "ith ideo onI* net"or$s% :oth types of technologies should #e a#le to share the mar$et for a fe" yearsand hy#rid systems should allo" for a gradual transition to net"or$ ideo sureillance%)9

(ideo Sur.eillance %ollars -ot ust "or Securit, AB &esearch, > !ctober 00>, htt2<@abiresearch@co42ress15=$(ideoRSur.eillanceR%ollarsR-otRustR"orRSecurit50

&uss /aer@ 00>@ S2ecial &e2ort< (ideo Sur.eillance@ S%M@51

Multi4edia ntelligence, he "panding 7orld o& IP Video 'ur?eillance: Camera1. 'torage. Technolog( and 'emiconductor1. -o.e4ber 00>@5 According to * (ideo4arket n"o, onl one in "i.e buers chooses * ca4eras@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortccording to rost 4 Sullian ;7 the education sector should #ecome a ma'or I* ideo



ccording to rost 4 Sullian ;7 ! the education sector should #ecome a ma'or I* ideosureillance consumer% The large #and"idth aaila#le on academic institution net"or$sena#les them to support ideo transmission! there#y encouraging the replacement of analogue infrastructures "ith I* cameras% Ho"eer! the retail #usiness remains a leader inthe deployment of I* ideo sureillance systems%Intelligent ideo sureillance is a niche industry that is still in the early stages of deelopment- (suggestion)% s concerns the ideo sureillance soft"are sector in

particular! :I Research anticipates high reenue gro"th! from the current leel at K5F;million! to oer KE66 million in 567 ;F % This forecast coers all ideo sureillancesoft"are! from ideo management to analytics% :ased on reenues! the t"o largestinternational players in ideo management soft"are are Milestone and the 1ue#eccompany @enetec% or ideo analytics! ioimage 8td% and &#'ect+ideo are among the mostreno"ned companies ;; %Ho"eer! certain analysts hae sho"n disappointment in this su#.sector of intelligent ideosureillance% There still seem to #e some #arriers as to the more "idespread adoption of intelligent ideo sureillance! in particular "ith respect to technical performance (e%g%! the

high num#er of false alarms)! the a#sence of industry."ide standards! "hich "ould createconfusion for potential clients! and costs associated "ith setting up an effectie andefficient system ;? %In this perspectie! intelligent ideo sureillance continues to #e a ris$ for the #uyer! gienthe confusion surrounding the real possi#ilities of the ideo analytics tools aaila#le on themar$et% or many applications! the capacities of ideo analytics systems hae not yet metuser e/pectations% Moreoer! the cost of these systems is still high! confining them to anupscale mar$et! such as the sureillance net"or$s of large! mainly pu#lic or criticalinfrastructures (e%g%! po"er stations)% en in those sectors! a mar$et analyst estimates that

the ideo analytics systems deployed are still at the pilot pro'ect phase ;A %Despite these difficulties! ideo analytics seems quite promising as a means to improe theefficiency of ideo sureillance and searches of archied footage% +ideo sureillance usershae currently sho"n a certain interest in ideo analytics! #ut seem to #e "aiting for thistechnology to proe its "orth% <o" that certain types of intelligent ideo processing53

Frost P Sulli.an, World (ideo Sur.eillance Market$ n.est4ent Analsis, une 00>, htt2<@researchand4arkets@co4re2orts#1)9>@5)

Strong groth "or .ideo sur.eillance so"tare, Securit n"o Watch, 11 une 00>, htt2<@securitin"oatch@co4online&esearch$$Studies$and$White2a2ers1591SW31@55 ohn Hono.ich, o@ ,9'9 IP ?ideo companie1 &it into the @orld mar0et. > March 009, Securitn"oWatch@co4 a.ailable at< htt2<@securitin"oatch@co4''(R5#RSur.eillance1309##1@5#

ohn Hono.ich, Video 'ur?eillance Mar0et 'ize K #oreca1t Re&erence Guide. * (ideo Market n"o, )

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortsystems hae #egun to display satisfactory performance it can #e assumed that this



systems hae #egun to display satisfactory performance! it can #e assumed that thismar$et3s real gro"th is still to come! #ut may ta$e a fe" years to materiali2e%De plus! selon plusieurs analystes! de nouelles applications moins liées _ la sécurité(gestion des opérations! protection contre les poursuites! analyses du comportement desconsommateurs! etc%) sont suscepti#les de créer un regain d3intér`t pour ce type desystJmes et de contri#uer _ la croissance glo#ale du secteur _ moyen et plus long termes%B9)9B

The Pla(er1+ideo sureillance is a ery fragmented mar$et "ith seeral players sharing the e/istingclientele% Some players dominate certain segments! such as /is for I* cameras! *elco for analogue cameras and @enetec for ideo management soft"are! #ut many competitors sei2esmall parts of the mar$et% The industry is characteri2ed #y ineita#le partnerships #et"eenequipment manufacturers and deelopers of ideo management and analytics soft"are! inorder to ensure compati#ility #et"een the different parts of a ideo sureillance system%It has #een interesting to "atch players such as Cisco! I:M and MC! more traditionallyassociated "ith IT! enter onto the ideo sureillance mar$et scene ;G % ccording to MMI!

this tends to change the #usiness enironment of more [traditional\ ideo sureillancefirms such as /is Communications% It also indicates a certain interest on the part of thesefirms in the ideo sureillance mar$ets and the anticipated conergence #et"een physicalsecurity and soft"are security% ran$ing #y smag ;E of the ;6 largest security firms for 566G! #ased on reenues!indicates that the driing force #ehind 76 of them is ideo sureillance% It is interesting tonote that only one Canadian company appears on this list! March <et"or$s! and that itran$s 5st?6 %B9)9

The Impact o& the Rece11ion on the Mar0etIt is currently quite difficult to determine the impact of the financial crisis on the securityand ideo sureillance mar$ets as opinions are quite diided%or many consulting firms! the security mar$et is recession.proof since part of thismar$et3s actiities is determined #y pu#lic and goernment demand% Moreoer! somepeople see a correlation #et"een periods of economic crisis and increased crime! "hichcould result in higher sales in security systems! including ideo sureillance% Intelligent5>59

Frost P Sulli.an 00>, o2@ cit@ Manu"acturing onl, there"ore e:cluding installation, distribution and resale@#0 As4ag@co4, Securit o2 50, 009@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortideo sureillance systems could also represent an interesting alternatie for more



ideo sureillance systems could also represent an interesting alternatie for moretraditional deices since they require fe" personnel% This ie"point is highlighted #y anarticle pu#lished in the :oston @lo#e in e#ruary 566E ? and #y most consulting firms!"hich continue to anticipate gro"th in these mar$ets%Ho"eer! others fear that the security and ideo sureillance mar$ets are not immune to adrop in reenues% The 566E edition of SDM3s Industry orecast focusing on electronicsecurity clearly states that! for the first time since the organi2ation #egan this e/ercise! the

people polled anticipate a drop in their total reenues to the tune of A%GL in 566E% YohnHonoich of I* +ideo Mar$et Info also predicts a su#stantial drop in gro"th for ideosureillance #et"een 566G and 566E in comparison to 566G forecasts% He also highlightsthe fact that most mar$et studies predicting considera#le hi$es in #usiness olume "erepu#lished prior to fourth quarter earnings reports% He therefore directs his readers to #eprudent since! in the current economic conte/t! pro'ections can #e quite ha2ardous%Seerin Sorensen from Si$yur 88C also tends to lean on the side of prudence! stating that if the company has disruptie technology ena#ling its client to sae large amounts of money!then the mar$et "ill "or$ in his faour% Ho"eer! for pro'ects requiring heay inestments!

the prognosis is no"here near as good! gien current economic difficulties ?5 % He alsocautions a#out pu#lic mar$ets #eing [recession.proof\0 these mar$ets are not only federal!#ut also proincial and municipal% s stated #y the Center on :udget and *olicy*riorities ?7 ! the merican states are currently e/periencing a deep financial crisis that isdirectly related to the glo#al economic crisis% This situation ris$s putting the #ra$es onseeral pro'ects that "ere supposed to #e started up during the year and the situation "illmost li$ely #e the same at the municipal leel% Ho"eer! the recoery plan proposed #y*resident &#ama and adopted #y Congress includes local security proisions that mayresult in #usiness opportunities of a#out 9SKF%; #illion ?F ! "hich may help to reie the

situation! at least partially% It remains to #e seen ho" these funds "ill #e defrayed%In Canada! the conomic ction *lan does not really mention the issue of nationalsecurity ?; % The only announcement made is in association "ith improed airport security inthe country! #ut that3s it ?? % It is therefore difficult to gauge the impact of the crisis on theCanadian mar$et since the related data are difficult to o#tain and are often not recent% Since#1

Jirsner, Scott@ Sur.eillance gest intelligent@ 'ecurit( #irm1 1ee Gro@th a1 the %o@nturn 7or1en1. > Februar 009@#

Sorensen, Se.erin@ Rece11ion Impacting 'ecurit( Project19 *(ideoMarket n"o, 10 Februar 009, a.ailable at htt2<i2.ideo4arket@in"ore2ortrecessioni42actingsecurit2roNects@#3 'enter on Budget and *olic *riorities, 'tate 2udget Trouble1 7or1en. B liabeth Mc-ichol and ris @ Ta., 13 March 009, a.ailable at htt2<@cb22@org"iles9$>$0>s"2@2d"@#)

Willia4 Welsh, Sti4ulus to generate U)@5B state and local tech s2ending, Washington echnolog, 13

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortin many aspects Canada and 1ue#ec seem to #e "ithstanding the crisis #etter than other



in many aspects Canada and 1ue#ec seem to #e "ithstanding the crisis #etter than other national or proincial players! the #udget deficits announced may put some large pro'ectson the #ac$#urner% It should #e mentioned that nothing to that effect has #een announced todate%,ith respect to the priate sector! a tightening of security e/penses #y companies hasalready #een noticed! and there has #een a realignment of priorities in this field to"ards themaintenance and operation of e/isting systems instead of the installation of ne" systems ?A %

B9<IP and Intelligent Video 'ur?eillance 'uppl( and %emand in LuebecThere is little aaila#le pu#lic data on the specific ideo sureillance sector in 1ue#ec! and"hat is aaila#le sometimes dates #ac$ a fe" years% *ainting a picture of the I* andintelligent ideo sureillance sector in 1ue#ec "ould require an in.depth study among thedifferent mar$et players and #e #eyond the scope of this report% ,e hae therefore chosenonly a fe" mar$et representaties0 deelopers! integrators and installers! large digital ideosureillance users% They "ere as$ed questions a#out client needs! serices offered andproducts aaila#le% Their comments on the current state of the 1ue#ec ideo sureillance

industry and opportunities for ideo analytics "ere collated%This section descri#es the 1ue#ec supply and demand trends in digital ideo sureillance#ased on the testimonies gathered! and in relation to the glo#al ideo sureillance mar$etanalyses aaila#le to the pu#lic% 1ue#ec companies and research centres offering specifice/pertise in digital and intelligent ideo sureillance are identified herein and a list of themain 1ue#ec and international players in this mar$et is aaila#le in ppendices 5! 7 and F% fe" recommendations on the 1ue#ec mar$et3s position in this sector are also made%B9<98%emand

ccording to the e/perts questioned! as is the case "ith other industriali2ed countries! thereis high demand in 1ue#ec for ideo sureillance systems! "hich are part of the securityequipment needed% I* digital ideo sureillance is #eginning to gain ground! especially inthe upmar$et% 8arge I* ideo sureillance net"or$s are found in particular in the pu#lic andparapu#lic sectors! transportation systems! large retail store chains! casinos and uniersities%Small and medium.si2ed #usinesses delay in shifting to I* ideo sureillance due inparticular to the high cost of equipment%In 5667.566F! the Commission qué#écoise d3accJs _ l3information held a pu#licconsultation on the use of ideo sureillance #y pu#lic agencies in pu#lic places ?G % It "as#=

Sorensen, o2@cit@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortalready noted at that time that most of the pu#lic and parapu#lic agencies of the proince



already noted at that time that most of the pu#lic and parapu#lic agencies of the proince(including municipalities) used ideo sureillance systems! "hich! in 5667.566F!represented oer ;!666 cameras% Moreoer! practically all of the ne" pu#lic structures #uiltin 1ue#ec are "ired for ideo sureillance system installation! "hich indicates that the useof this type of equipment has #ecome common practice for organi2ations%In the transportation sector! éroports de Montréal (DM) and Société de transport deMontréal (STM) "ere cited as e/amples in section 5%F for ideo sureillance use% They

represent net"or$s of seeral hundreds of cameras% t the STM in particular! the I* shift"as carried out% The transportation sector is also integrating analytics pro'ects! at least atthe pilot pro'ect stage% 'oint study conducted #y *rice,aterhouseCoopers and the Retail Council of Canadareealed that E6L of respondents to a poll on security measures ta$en against theft usedideo sureillance systems ?E % It "ould not #e surprising to find ideo sureillance as "ellin a high proportion of 1ue#ec #usinesses% The case of Couche.Tard conenient stores "asalready cited as an e/ample of ideo analytics use in section 5%7%1ue#ec uniersities must oersee the security of large campuses! consisting of seeral

#uildings and par$ing lots! that are sometimes quite geographically dispersed% +ideosureillance has #een set up on said campuses for seeral years% ,ith the need to rene"#ro$en or outdated equipment! uniersities are increasingly migrating to"ards I* ideosureillance% t Mc@ill 9niersity! for e/ample! the ideo sureillance net"or$ is alreadya hy#rid system! comprised of analogue and I* cameras! and digital recorders% <et"or$ recording solutions are no" #eing considered%In the final report #ased on the 566F pu#lic consultation conducted #y the Commissiond3accJs _ l3information A6 ! the commissioner reealed that ideo sureillance system use #ypriate #usinesses is not sufficiently documented in 1ue#ec% ccording to the e/perts

consulted for this report! this mar$et is comprised primarily of SMs! "hich hae modestmeans to allocate to security% The ideo sureillance systems set up in these #usinessestypically consist of under ;6 cameras% In most cases! this clientele is una"are of thee/istence of ideo analytics% Ho"eer! it appreciates functionalities such as the automatedtrac$ing of o#'ects "ith *T> cameras%or all the sectors! the e/perts consulted issued different comments to characteri2e 1ue#ecdemand for ideo sureillance% The 1ue#ec ideo sureillance mar$et is apparently lessmature than the merican or uropean mar$ets% :usiness and pu#lic agencies are quite#>

'o44ission d8acc6s V l8in"or4ation du Québec@ *ublic 'onsultation@ 3utili1ation de caméra1 de 1ur?eillance par le1 organi1me1 public1 dan1 le1 lieu public19 Assess4ent, A2ril 00)@#9

'anada -esire@ une 00>@ 'ur?e( 1ho@1 Canadian Retailer1 are Ta0ing Nece11ar( ction1 to Combat The&t : Retail Council o& Canada. *riceWaterhouse'oo2ers@=0

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortoften in reaction mode "hen it comes to security system deployment They do not #eliee



often in reaction mode "hen it comes to security system deployment% They do not #elieethey are at ris$ until a serious eent occurs%In 1ue#ec! clients prefer a#oe all ready.made systems! unli$e uropean users "ho haecustoms solutions deeloped more often% *roprietary systems are more popular in 1ue#ecthan open systems! "hich are held in much greater esteem in urope%1ue#ec users! li$e those in other countries! are see$ing to reduce the staff assigned tosureillance% urthermore! in seeral cases! they "ish to shift from reactie sureillance to

preentie sureillance and o#tain #etter performing tools for ideo archie searches%+ideo analytics may proide certain solutions to these pro#lems! #ut users are stillsome"hat ignorant a#out the possi#ilities and limits of this technology% nalytics is#rea$ing a#oe all into large #usinesses or infrastructures! #ut not yet into systems aimed atSMs%The 1ue#ec mar$et has specific ideo sureillance needs% /treme "eather conditions(heat and cold! sno"! etc%) in 1ue#ec may affect ho" the hard"are components of ideosureillance systems operate% lso! climate ariations are an additional challenge for ideoanalytics algorithms% inally! 1ue#ec society is the only one in <orth merica to require

ideo sureillance soft"are in rench%B9<9)'uppl(The industry is diided primarily #et"een manufacturers! distri#utors! resellers.installers!integrators.installers! and ideo or analytics management soft"are deelopers% Resellers.installers sell complete solutions they #uy from distri#utors and install them at the client3spremises for a turn$ey solution% Integrators.installers assem#le the computers and serersthemseles to proide clients "ith a system adapted to their needs%The largest ideo sureillance product distri#utors in Canada and 1ue#ec are DI.:urte$

and Tri.d% Most products sold on the 1ue#ec mar$et come from foreign manufacturers!especially merican ones% Chinese and orean cameras and ideo soft"are hae #eenentering the Canadian mar$et oer the past year% These products are currently quite #asicand do not hae the leel of quality and the functionalities of ,estern products! #ut there isthe potential for deelopment%There are many resellers.installers and integrators.installers in 1ue#ec! and these are oftenery small #usinesses% Some large security and alarm companies! such as DT and*rotectron! offer ideo sureillance system installation serices! #ut this is not their area of speciality% +ery fe" integrators in 1ue#ec are speciali2ed in I* ideo sureillance% &f

these! "e met "ith Claridion and S@*TI to conduct an intelligence study% Resellers.installers and integrators.installers "ere not polled for this study ho"eer! thosementioned #y the e/perts interie"ed are included in the list of companies in ppendi/ 7%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortIn the category of soft"are designers! @enetec is a #oom in the 1ue#ec industry% It is one



In the category of soft"are designers! @enetec is a #oom in the 1ue#ec industry% It is oneof the t"o largest ideo management soft"are deelopers in the "orld% In 566G! thene"spaper 8es ffaires reported that the company3s sales had increased E66L in fieyears A % Its most sophisticated system can manage up to 5;6!666 cameras on an I* net"or$%@enetec3s soft"are has #uilt.in ideo analytics functions deeloped #y third parties%+ideo,ae <et"or$s and &rgani/ IT are t"o other e/amples of 1ue#ec companiesdeeloping ideo management soft"are "ith #uilt.in intelligent functionalities% +ideo,ae

<et"or$s is speciali2ed in *T> camera management soft"are! and &rgani/ IT! inpartnership "ith ISS Technology! offers ideo management soft"are on an openarchitecture%In the camera sector! Immer+ision deelops soft"are applications and panomorphic opticsfor capturing! processing and ie"ing photographs and ideos at 7?6% The company&#2er has launched innoatie night ision system technology for sureillance%There are! in 1ue#ec! many suppliers in the ideo sureillance field! #ut these companiesare generally fairly small (less than ten employees)! and most of them offer integration andinstallation serices% There is therefore strong competition in this sector% Ho"eer!

according to the e/perts interie"ed! there is still no critical mass of speciali2ed I* ideosureillance suppliers% Traditional physical security companies do not necessarily hae theIT e/pertise required to install systems on I* net"or$s% Some of the e/perts interie"ed areof the opinion that demand out"eighs supply in digital ideo sureillance%*roduct supply is mainly proided #y foreign companies% /cept for @enetec! there are fe"digital ideo sureillance solution deelopers in 1ue#ec% Bet 1ue#ec3s e/pertise in thefield of ision and image analysis is quite high% fe" research centres! especially at the8aal! Mc@ill! Concordia and *olytechnique uniersities! and at CRIM! speciali2e in ideoanalytics and could transfer $no"ledge and technologies in this field to 1ue#ec #usinesses%

B9<9<Recommendation1 &or the Luebec Mar0etThe security mar$et! and in particular the ideo sureillance mar$et! is gro"ing "orld."ideand offers interesting #usiness opportunities% company does not need to #e ery #ig to#rea$ into this already fragmented mar$et% The shift to ideo sureillance on I* net"or$sand ideo analytics opens up ne" opportunities for deelopment%Due to the high leel of e/pertise in IT in 1ue#ec! 1ue#ec #usinesses and uniersities are"ell positioned to ta$e adantage of the opportunities in technological and commercialdeelopment that the emergence of intelligence ideo sureillance offers%=1

Tes A""aires, Genetec ?eut con1olider 1e1 ac/ui1. 5 ul 00>, 2@ )@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort,e hae a fe" recommendations in order to #enefit the position of 1ue#ec #usinesses in



,e hae a fe" recommendations in order to #enefit the position of 1ue#ec #usinesses inthis sector%• ,ith the adent of I* cameras and net"or$ sureillance! the IT community should "or$ closely "ith the ideo sureillance industry% The migration of ideo sureillance systems to I* net"or$s raises seeral IT issues! such as0 - optimal net"or$ use (ideo transmission ta$es up a lot of #and"idth) - creation of soft"are interfaces and components for intelligent management of ideo sureillance on the intranet or Internet - efficient search of large! possi#ly ideo data#ases on net"or$ - automatic integration of ideo sureillance "ith geomatic systems! @*S and other security systems%• 1ue#ec deelopers should ta$e the intelligent turn #egun in ideo sureillance% They "ould #enefit from getting into this niche mar$et and ta$ing adantage of the ideo analytics e/pertise already found in 1ue#ec uniersities and research centres% <e" intelligent ideo sureillance applications! such as consumer #ehaiour analysis and

#usiness operations management! appear to #e commercially promising sectors since they sho" a return on the consumer3s inestment%• 9sers should not only rely on hard"are components! #ut also inest in system intelligence% The management of masses of ideo data must #e anticipated and techniques deeloped to detect real.time anomalies! inde/ ideo content and create ideo summaries for post.eent searches%• or e/ample! deelopers and suppliers should "or$ together and create a consortium in order to #ring together all I* ideo sureillance players%• +ideo management soft"are deelopers should pay attention to the standardi2ation

efforts #eing made in I* ideo sureillance and ta$e part in them%• In order to ensure sufficient I* net"or$ ideo sureillance supply #y competent suppliers! integrators.installers must #e trained so as to acquire the IT s$ills and physical security $no"ledge that this technology requires%• Integrators.installers should also #e trained on ideo analytics products% lso! in order to increase the adoption of these technologies! deelopers should ma$e the configuration and installation of their soft"are applications as user.friendly as possi#le for integrators and installers%

• There is a need for [super.integrators\ capa#le of coordinating the deelopment and set. up of different #uilt.in security systems! for centrali2ed operations control of large security installations% This "ould ma$e things easier for clients required to deal "ithseeral integrators to assem#le a unified sureillance system


• ,hen dealing "ith large deployments or "hen the net"or$ infrastructure is already in



,hen dealing "ith large deployments or "hen the net"or$ infrastructure is already in place! priority should #e gien to choosing I* ideo sureillance%• 9sers should inest in "ide.angle or panoramic camera systems and megapi/el cameras! rather than in a large num#er of standard cameras% The inconenience ho"eer is that a failure "ith a panoramic camera has more consequences than a failure in a fe" cameras on a large net"or$%• 1ue#ec must offer more financial aid for mar$eting deeloped products and e/panding #usinesses! #ecause the funds are mainly allocated to research and deelopment% +enture capital is often too hastily remoed from companies%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age #3

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort9



I'',"'Despite #eing "idely adopted! ideo sureillance technology raises certain issues and facessignificant resistance% This section deals "ith three ideo sureillance.related issues thatmay hae a ma'or impact on its implementation and deelopment%98Protection o& Pri?ac(

+ast recourse to ideo sureillance in pu#lic and priate places raises seeral concernsamong groups that defend the respect of priacy% ,ith cameras pointing eery"here in thestreets! par$s! #uildings! #usinesses and possi#ly at "or$! many people fear misuse of theseideo recordings and the personal information they contain% +ideo sureillance must not #eused to dra" up profiles of the people filmed or for futile or discriminatory purposes "henin the hands of pu#lic authorities and the forces of order%The &ffice of the *riacy Commissioner of Canada has drafted guidelines in order to #etter define and oersee the use of this sureillance tool #y authorities and police forces in pu#licplaces A5 ! and #y priate sector organi2ations A7 % +ideo sureillance is su#'ect to the

Personal $nformation Protection and Electronic 8ocuments ct (P$PEC"# Ho"eer!Criminal Code proisions regarding the recording of priate communications apply to theuse of cameras that capture sounds%[The guidelines set out principles for ealuating the need for resorting to ideo sureillanceand for ensuring that! if it is conducted! it is done in a "ay that minimi2es the impact onpriacy%\ AF In general! the need for using sureillance cameras must #e 'ustified and other means should #e gien priority "heneer possi#le% or e/ample! a store may decide to loc$ up highly alua#le items rather than resorting to continuous ideo sureillance% +ideosureillance must therefore #e used to deal "ith a real! specific and important pro#lem%

lso! the space coered #y cameras and sureillance time must #e reduced to the #areminimum% It is understood that cameras are prohi#ited in places "here people usuallye/pect to hae priacy ("ashrooms! dressing rooms! fitting rooms! sho"ers! etc%) Thepu#lic must #e informed of the presence of sureillance cameras and the people filmed areentitled to access to their personal information%=

!""ice o" the *ri.ac 'o44issioner o" 'anada /uidelines "or the Ise o" (ideo Sur.eillance o" *ublic *laces b *olice and Ta n"orce4ent Authorities, 00#, htt2<@2ri.co4@gc@cain"or4ationguide.s0#0301e@as2@=3

/uidelines "or !.ert (ideo Sur.eillance in the *ri.ate Sector, 00>,

htt2<@2ri.co4@gc@cain"or4ationguide00>gl.s0>030#e@as2@=)

!*' /uidelines "or Ise o" (ideo Sur.eillance o" *ublic *laces b *olice and Ta n"orce4ent Authorities, 00#, o2@cit@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortIn the pu#lic sector! li$e the priate sector! organi2ations using ideo sureillance must



p ! p ! g gdraft a policy on its use! specifically defining the o#'ecties of sureillance and the locationof the equipment! controlling access to the ideo captured! protecting personal informationand limiting storage time of ideo footage! e/cept! of course! for footage required for inestigations%These guidelines are not intended to interfere "ith police authority to conductinestigations% In the priate sector! they apply only to oert equipment and do not coer

coert equipment that may #e used! for e/ample! for insurance company inestigations%There is still little 'urisprudence to guide the practice of employer use of ideo sureillancein companies% This situation deals "ith t"o competing rights0 the employee3s right topriacy in the "or$place and the employer3s right to protect his company% &nce again! t"oprinciples should guide the installation of cameras in the "or$place0 eidence of the needfor ideo sureillance to protect the premises! personnel and facilities under the employer3sresponsi#ility and the concern for minimi2ing the e/tent of the intrusion on the employee3spriacy% or e/ample! cameras "ould #e accepta#le to control access to the #uilding or sensitie areas! #ut it "ould seem e/cessie to point a camera directly at an employee3s

"or$ station and film said employee during his=her shift% n employer may only film anemployee if there is reasona#le dou#t that he=she has committed or is on the erge of committing an offence% The ideo sureillance system cannot! ho"eer! #e used to monitor employee productiity or assess "or$ quality% Important note0 the employer3s responsi#ilityfor measured use of ideo sureillance e/tends to anyone ie"ing the ideo footage fromthe company3s sureillance cameras! een su#.contractors hired to that effect%The ideo sureillance #oom in pu#lic places! companies and een priate residences raisesthe issue of protecting the personal information of the people filmed% lthough people areincreasingly accepting of the presence of cameras for security purposes! protecting priacy

remains a concern e/pressed "hen ne" sureillance cameras are deployed! especially inpu#lic areas%Some people maintain that ideo analytics help to protect personal data captured on ideo%The automatic processing of images ma$es it possi#le to hide! for e/ample! irreleant facesor o#'ects on the ideo prior to transmission for ie"ing% urthermore! computer detectionof suspicious indiiduals or #ehaiours may reduce the ris$ of profiling! i%e%! monitoring#ased on the colour! race! or mem#ership group of the people filmed% Ho"eer the use of intelligent ideo sureillance for purposes other than security! such as consumer #ehaiour analysis! may call into question the principle #ehind the need for ideo sureillance%

9)"&&ecti?ene11 o& Video 'ur?eillance in Reducing Crime+ideo sureillance systems are deployed in most large cities around the "orld% Do these

t h l t d d l i - Th h # l t di d t d

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2orton the effectieness of ideo sureillance systems and their results differ greatly% Some



y g ystudies reeal ma'or drops in crime rates! "hile others find that ideo sureillanceinstallation has a minor impact on crime%Measuring the impact of ideo sureillance systems is a comple/ tas$ since many factorsmay e/plain the rise or drop in crime% ll ariations should #e placed in conte/t!considering the general crime trend! its possi#le shift to other regions and the com#inedeffect of seeral security measures! such as reinforced police patrols or improed lighting in

an area%fter reie"ing studies pu#lished on this topic! Dee and +elastin VGW report that there reallyis no hard eidence that ideo sureillance lo"ers crime rates% The C89 Technology and8i#erty *rogram states that! in order to assess the effectieness of ideo sureillance! ameta.analysis should #e conducted of seeral studies in order to o#tain statistically soliddata! rather than considering a single study A; % Similar studies conducted for the :ritishHome &ffice note that ideo sureillance has little impact on lo"ering crime rates A? ! AA % recent study done in the 9nited States on the San rancisco ideo sureillance program!in neigh#ourhoods "ith high crime rates! reealed that installing sureillance cameras did

not reduce the num#er of homicides and iolent crimes% Ho"eer! it did cause a drop inmisdemeanours! such as armed ro##ery! #urglaries and andalism% Technological andorgani2ational failures in the ideo sureillance system3s operation "ere also identified% Itshould #e noted that! in this program! police officers can only use ideo images asinestigatie tools "hen a crime is committed! in order to preent the inasion of priacythat real.time sureillance "ould inole% In this conte/t! the presence of cameras does notappear to discourage iolent crimes! often committed irrationally! #ut it does seem to #eeffectie in dissuading petty theft% This is one of the most complete reports on pu#licsureillance in the 9nited States AG %

There is therefore no clear eidence that installing sureillance cameras may reduce crime%In certain cases! ideo sureillance systems appeared to hae an impact on premeditatedcrimes! #ut not on spontaneous crimes% The presence of cameras did! ho"eer! appear to #eeffectie in reducing car thefts in par$ing lots%,ith respect to crime.soling! an article from 83ctualité maga2ine reported that in8ondon! the city "ith the most sureillance cameras! only 7L of thefts are soled using the=5

-oa4 Biale, A'TI echnolog and Tibert *rogra4, 7hat Criminologi1t1 and Other1 'tud(ing Camera1 a?e #ound. htt2<@ouarebeingatched@usabout1>@=#

Welsh, B@ and Farrington, %@, Crime Pre?ention "&&ect1 o& Clo1ed Circuit Tele?i1ion: '(1tematic Re?ie@ K00L, Ho4e !""ice &esearch, %e.elo24ent and Statistics %irectorate@ 'ited in htt2<@ouarebeingatched@usabout1>"ootnote10@==

/ill and S2riggs, 11e11ing the Impact o& CCTV9 K005L Ho4e !""ice Stud@ 'ited inhtt2< ouarebeingatched usabout1>"ootnote10

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortideo sureillance system AE % It "ould #e tedious for police officers to loo$ through hoards



of archied ideo images for their inestigations% Bet! the 8ondon ideo sureillancesystem "as indeed successful in helping to identify the terrorists "ho tried to #lo" up#om#s in the su#"ay system in 566;%The conclusions of these studies reeal a serious pro#lem "ith the effectieness of ideosureillance in fighting crime% <eertheless! they do not proe the uselessness of ideosureillance systems! either% The technical limits of these systems! the conditions under

"hich they are deployed! and the "ay they are used hae a ma'or influence on the resultso#tained% or e/ample! in order to #e effectie! these systems must #e included as part of the security measures and #e deployed "ith specific operational o#'ecties%,hen used alone! cameras do not appear to effectiely discourage many crimes% *assieideo sureillance (post.incident) does not help to preent offences% Ho"eer! actie!ongoing sureillance raises the issue of respect for priacy% It is therefore imagina#le thatintelligent processing algorithms capa#le of triggering alarms effectiely could allo" for accepta#le real.time sureillance to help interene "hen crimes are #eing committed%urthermore! ideo analytics could help to sole more crimes if it proides effectie search

methods for archied ideo footage% Improing image quality "ill undou#tedly mean ma'or progress in identifying suspects%9<'tandard1 &or IP Video<o" that ideo sureillance on I* net"or$s has #oomed! manufacturers are "or$ing ondrafting a standard to goern communication #et"een I* cameras and ideo managementsoft"are% ach manufacturer must currently deelop interfaces ena#ling their cameras toconnect "ith each other and e/change information "ith ideo management soft"are% Thisactiity is costly! #oth in time and money% dopting a standard! "hile encouraging the

interopera#ility of the different products aaila#le! "ill ena#le the I* ideo sureillancemar$et to deelop more quic$ly! "hile reducing costs for manufacturers and clients%,hile the SI Standards Committee G6 has #een "or$ing for some time on defining an I*ideo sureillance standard! t"o groups unhappy "ith the slo"ness of the process haelaunched their o"n initiaties! namely0 *SI (*hysical Security Interopera#ility lliance)!led #y Cisco Systems! D+Tel! @eneral lectric! Honey"ell! I1in+ision! *anasonic! *elcoand +erint! and &<+I (&pen <et"or$ +ideo Interface orum)! lead #y /is! :osch andSony G %=9>0

SchaX""ner, Y.es, 2ig 2rother e1t a?eugle. TCActualité, 15 !ctober 00>@ htt2<@siaonline@orgcontent@as2:Oid)5>0@>1

Hono.ich, @, 7ill ONVI# or P'I @in the IP Camera 'tandard1 2attle. * (ideo Market n"o,htt2<i2.ideo4arket@in"ore2orton.i" 2sia i2 ca4era standards@

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort,ithout admitting it! these t"o groups are in a race to deelop and impose their o"n



standard in order to ensure they hae a competitie edge in the mar$et% /is! :osch andSony already o"n oer ;6L of the camera mar$et share% These companies "ill therefore#enefit little from introducing a standard since! as leaders! their products are alreadysupported #y most ideo management systems% They "ould hae a greater interest incontrolling or delaying the deelopment of a standard that "ould facilitate their competitors3 access to the mar$et% Ho"eer! the manufacturers supporting *SI hae small

shares of the camera mar$et% That is "hy they are in a hurry to introduce a standard that"ould gie them #etter interopera#ility "ith most of the ideo management soft"areapplications! and thus e/pand their mar$et% It is also a ma'or issue for manufacturers of analogue cameras! such as *elco! @ and Honey"ell! "hich are trying in turn to enter theI* camera mar$et%,hile the standard deeloped #y &<+I targets ideo connectiity! the *SI standardtargets aster interopera#ility! coering seeral security platforms! including I* ideo!D+Rs! analytics! access and audio% t the design leel! *SI is #uilt li$e an *I! "hile the&<+I specifications are #ased on ,e# serices using protocols such as Extensi7le

Markup Language and Be7 'er.ices 8escription Language#The future "ill tell "ho "ill "in the standards "ar% *erhaps unification is the ans"er- Support fromthe Security Industry ssociation (SI) may determine "hich standard is adopted! "hich is "hy&<+I and *SI are "or$ing to harmoni2e their standards "ith those currently deeloped #y theSI%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age #>

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort2I23IOGRP5



2OO6'VW <ilsson! % [Intelligent <et"or$ +ideo0 9nderstanding Modern +ideo Sureillance System\% :oca Raton0 CRC *ress! 566E% 7GE p%V5W Transports Canada% <seau de tl.ision en circuit ferm A manuel de rfrence pour lDutilisation dans des applications de scurit# 566G% AE p%PROC""%ING' #ROM CON#"R"NC"'. '"MINR'. 7OR6'OP'

V7W Cucchiara! R% [Multimedia sureillance systems\ dans *roceedings of the third CM International ,or$shop on +ideo Sureillance 4 Sensor <et"or$s! International Multimedia Conference! pp% 7.6! Singapoure! 566;%VFW @agnon! 8%! 8ali#erté! 8%! oucher! S! 8aurendeau! D%! :ran2an l#u! % [ System for Trac$ing and Recognising *edestrian aces using a <et"or$ of 8oosely Coupled Cameras\% S*I Defense 4 Security0 +isual Information *rocessing b+ (S*I ?5F?)! &rlando! 566?%V;W Hampapur! %! :ro"n! 8%! Connell! Y%! *an$anti! S%! Senior! %! Tian! B% [Smart Sureillance0 pplications! Technologies and Implications\ dans 0::3 oint

Conference of t*e +ourt* $nternational Conference on $nformation= Communications F 'ignal Processing and +ourt* Pacific-<im Conference on Multimedia= pp% 77. 7G! ol%5% <e" Bor$! ]tat.9nis! Decem#er ;.G! 5667%V?W Sed$y! M%H%! Moniri! M%! Chi#elushi! C%C% [Classification of Smart +ideo Sureillance systems for Commercial pplications\% I Conference on danced +ideo and Signal :ased Sureillance! Septem#re ;.?! 566;% pp% ?7G.?FG%VAW biao! >%! *oursoltanmohammadi ! %! Sorell! M% [+ideo motion detection #eyond reasona#le dou#t\! dans Proceedings of t*e ,st international conference on +orensic applications and tec*ni4ues in telecommunications= information= and multimedia and

works*op= article no ?! delaide! ustralie! Yanuary 5.57! 566G%P"RIO%IC3'. MGQIN"'VGW Dee! H% M%! +elastin! S% % [Ho" close are "e to soling the pro#lem of automated isual sureillance- reie" of real."orld sureillance! scientific progress and ealuatie mechanisms\% Machine +ision and pplications! E (;.?)% Septem#re 566G% pp% 75E.7F7%'&MAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&MMarch 009 *age #9

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortVEW oresti! @% 8%! Micheloni! C%! Snidaro! 8% Remagnino! *%! llis! T% ctie +ideo.

d ill h l l l i d id i h i



:ased Sureillance System0 The lo".leel image and ideo processing techniques needed for implementation % I Signal *rocessing Maga2ine! 55 (5) March 566;% pp% 5;.7A%V6W Hampapur! %! :ro"n! 8%! Connel! Y%! $in! %! Haas! <%! 8u! M%! Mer$l H%! *an$anti! S%! Senior! %! Shu! C%.%! Tian! B% 8%! Smart +ideo Sureillance 0 /ploring the concept of multiscale spatiotemporal trac$ing ! I Signal *rocessing Maga2ine!

55 (5) March 566;% pp% 7G.;%VW Hearing! <%! +enetianer! *% 8%! 8ipton! % The eolution of ideo sureillance0 an oerie"% Machine +ision and pplications! E (;.?) Septem#er 566G 0 pp% 5AE.5E6%V5W Hu! ,%! Tieniu! T%! ,ang! 8%! May#an$! S% Surey on +isual Sureillance of &#'ect Motion and :ehaiors % I Transactions on systems! man! and cy#ernetics. *art C0 pplications and reie"s! 7F(7)! aot 566F! pp% 77F.7;5%V7W os$! <%! &nSSI Secures 566G *olitical Conentions % +ideo Technology 4 pplications! érier 566E 0 pp% ?.6%VFW >han! :%! Mone$osso! D% <%! Remagnino! *%! +elastin! S% %! bu! 8%.1% [Cro"d

analysis0 a surey\! Machine +ision and pplications! E (;.?) Septem#re 566G% pp% 7F;.7;A%T"CNIC3 R"PORT'

V;W /is Communications! 1#096 .ideo compression standard# New possi7ilities wit*in .ideo sur.eillance# Document technique% 566G% E p%V?W :iale! <% Expert +indings on 'ur.eillance CamerasA B*at Criminologists and t*ers 'tudying Cameras 1a.e +ound# merican Ciil 8i#erties 9nion% 5E mai 566G! ? p%VAW ullerton! % Ena7ling )ideo nalytics - T*e ad.antages of an open platform $P .ideo sur.eillance management solution for enaling .ideo analytics# ,hite *aper! Milestone

Systems! 566G! 56 p%VGW @ager! R% Special Report0 +ideo Sureillance! State of the Mar$et! SDM! ol% 7G! no 7! p% ?G%VEW He"itson! <% )ideo Content nalysis= s*at is it and w*y would $ want it# ,hite *aper! Smart CCT+ 8imited! 566;% 7 p%V56W Honoich! Y%! 'ecurity ManagerGs Huide to )ideo 'ur.eillance# +ersion 5%6! I*+ideoMar$et%info! <oem#re 566G! 7 p%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit

March 009 *age =0


V5W Institute of Management and dministration! Inc% 'ecurityDs 8irector <eport=



<e"s#rief! érier 566E%V55W ing! et al% C$T<$' <eportA T*e 'an +rancisco Community 'afety Camera Program n E.aluation of t*e Effecti.eness of 'an +ranciscoDs Community 'afety Cameras# Décem#re 566G! GF p%V57W irstein! M% T*e expanding Borld of $P )ideo 'ur.eillanceA Cameras= 'torage= Tec*nology and 'emiconductors# Multimedia Intelligence! 566G% 6 p%

VMMI6G6F6;,*W%V5FW Mc<ichol! Y% 8a! I% Y%! 'tate @udget Trou7les Borsen= Center on :udget and *olicy *riorities! 7 mars 566E%V5;W Senior! %! *an$anti! S%! Hampapur! %! :ro"n! 8% Tian! B%.8%! $in! % @linkering 'ur.eillanceA Ena7ling )ideo Pri.acy t*roug* Computer )ision# I:M Research Report% 5G aot 5667! F p% VRC55GG? (,676G.6E)W%PR"'"NTTION'

V5?W Diamant! M%,hy is E.eryone Migrating to $ntelligent $P )ideo 'ur.eillanceI ISC ast! 5E octo#re 566G%V5AW @orodnichy! D% 'ystJmes de reconnaissance .ido= )idotec*nologie pour la scurit A pro7lJmes et solutions# telier sur la sécurité du transport ferroiaire et ur#ain! Montréal! <oem#re 566A%V5GW Moellman! D% )CE Program Manager)ideo nalysis and Content Extraction ()CE" <F8 ProgramA .er.iew of P*ase 0# <oem#re 5667%"3"CTRONIC R"#"R"NC"' IN %%ITION TO TO'" CIT"% IN T" T"4T(<ote0 ll electronic references "ere on.line on March 5G! 566E)Secu+it, an- "i-e Su+/eillance

Castonguay! % La loi= lDordre et la scurit restent des priorits conser.atrices= 8e Deoir!5A férier 566G! http0=="""%ledeoir%com=566G=65=5A=AAEAF%html%MinistJre des Relations internationales du 1ué#ec! Contri7uer K la scurit du ?u7ec etdu continent nord-amricain=http0=="""%mri%gou%qc%ca=fr=politiqueinternationale=securite=inde/%asp%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age =1


Siemon! CCT) F )ideo 'ur.eillance o.er ,:H ip=h == i = = hi =67 6 5E



http0=="""%siemon%com=us="hitepapers=67.6.5E.cct%asp%,asatis! 1istori4ue= http0=="""%"asatis%com=spip=spip%php-article;%ammerer! D% Police use of pu7lic .ideo sur.eillance in Hermany ,5/9A management oftrafic= repression of flows= persuasion of offenders= Sureillance 4 Society! +ol% ?! <o (566E)! http0=="""%siemon%com=us="hitepapers=67.6.5E.cct%asp%ullerton! %! T*e 1istory of )ideo 'ur.eillance= Milestone!

http0=="""%milestonesys%com=files=9seriles=rticles=Historyof+ideoSureillance%pdf%,i$ipedia% )idosur.eillance# http0==fr%"i$ipedia%org="i$i=+idéosureillance%,i$ipedia% )ideo nalytics# http0==en%"i$ipedia%org="i$i=+ideoanalytics%&ffice qué#écois de la langues franaise! @rand dictionnaire terminologique!http0=="""%granddictionnaire%com%+ideonalytics%net! B*at $s )ideo nalytics % $ntelligent )ideo 'ur.eillance=http0=="""%ideoanalytics%net=articles="hatisa%html%+lahos! Y% Sureillance 'ocietyA New 1ig*-Tec* Cameras re Batc*ing ou=

*opularMechanics! 'anier 566G!http0==popularmechanics%smartmoney%com=technology=militaryla"=F57?G?;%html-page%Cager! B% 'mart )ideo 'ur.eillanceA 8igital Tec*nology .s# Tradition nalog 'ystems=danced Imaging Maga2ine! G 'uillet 566G!http0=="""%adancedimagingpro%com=pu#lication=article%'sp-pu#Id4id5;7A4page<um%+ision Industrielle%&rg! ?uDest-ce 4ue la tlsur.eillance intelligente I=http0=="""%isionindustrielle%org=ision"hat.remotemonitoring%php%+isio,ae! $ntelligent 'ecurity pplications= $mage Processing nd )ideo Contentnalysis= http0=="""%isio"ae%com=inde/%asp-inde/intelligent+ideo%

reschi! C%! 'mart +uture for )ideo 'ur.eillance= Security Maga2ine! er 'anier 566E!http0=="""%securitymaga2ine%com=rticles=Column=:<*@9IDE.;.566?66666666666667?FGFF%I* +ideo Mar$et Info! )ideo nalytics .er.iew and News=http0==ipideomar$et%info=topics=+ideonalytics%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age =


Honoich! Y%! Top 3 Pro7lems Limiting t*e Use and Hrowt* of )ideo nalytics= I* +ideoM $ t I f E ' i 566G



Mar$et Info! E 'uin 566G!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=top7pro#lemslimitingtheuseandgro"thofideoanalyticsutomated +ideo Systems! )ideo 'ur.eillance made simple=http0=="""%e2"atch.security.cameras%com=do"nloads=Thomas! S% ut-of-t*e-7ox T*inkingT*e Transition way from nalog CCT) and 8)<sto $P )ideo= 8oss*reentionMaga2ine%com! F octo#re 566G!

http0=="""%losspreentionmaga2ine%com="parchiesie"%html-id557F%Hu! B% H%! 'ur.ey of )ideo 'ur.eillance Tec*nology="""%ece%"isc%edu=jfacerec=cameranet=surey566G&ct67%ppt%Honoich! Y%! '*ould $ Use $P CamerasI <e-ssessing $P CameraDs d.antages= I* +ideoMar$et Info! F mai 566G!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=shouldiuseipcamerasreie"ingipcameraadantages%Honoich! Y%! Top / $P Camera Pro7lems= 5? 'uillet 566G! I* +ideo Mar$et Info!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=top;ipcamerapro#lems%Digital +isions Security Technologies! 8igital $P )ideo 'ur.eillance=

http0=="""%digitalisionsllc%com=digitalipideosureillancesystems%asp/%+ideoSureillance%com! http0=="""%ideosureillance%com%Alicatins@enetec! 'olutions inno.atrices=http0=="""%genetec%com=rancais=Solutions=*ages=solutions%asp/%+ideoSureillance%com! """%ideosureillance%com%Indigo+ision! ,hateer your #usiness! http0=="""%indigoision%com=#usiness%phpit%&s#orn! %! Top ; non-security uses for .ideo sur.eillance cameras -- more t*an !ust a

crime pre.ention tool= )ideo-'ur.eillance-Huide#com= http0=="""%ideo.sureillance.guide%com=ideo.sureillance.cameras%htm%Industry Solutions! +ideoSureillance%com! http0=="""%ideosureillance%com=industry.solutions=%Sali! D% +%! Clear )iewA Megapixel cameras playing into t*e gaming sur.eillancemarket= 7 mars 566E! http0=="""%secprodonline%com=rticles=566E=67=67=.Clear.+ie"%asp/%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009

*age =3


:om#ardier! $ntgration dDun systJme de scurit dans les trains de passagers= A décem#re566? htt == t =d t =F ll ti C f =A d # R M df



566?! http0=="""%aqtr%qc%ca=documents=FllocutionsConferences=Adecem#reReneMeuser%pdf%Transports 1ué#ec! @estion de la circulation!http0=="""%mtq%gou%qc%ca=portal=page=portal=regions=montrealile=gestioncirculation%C2nents an- A+c7itectu+e 9 a Su+/eillance S,ste2:SI lJs! Les diffrents types de camras sur rseau informati4ue=http0=="""%#si%fr=Informatique=Informatiquedentreprise=+idLC7LEosureillance=ta#id=A

7=articleType=rticle+ie"=articleId=?=Default%asp/%Honoich! Y%! Examining t*e +uture of )ideo 'ur.eillance 'torage= I* +ideo Mar$et Info! ?aot 566G!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=e/aminingthefutureofideosureillancestorage%Honoich! Y%! '*ould ou Use )ideo EncodersI= I* +ideo Mar$et Info! G mars 566E!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=ideosureillanceanalogencoders%@rossman! R% T*e Nuances of Network )ideo <ecorder= 'ecurity 'ales F $ntegration= ot566?! http0=="""%securitysales%com=tinside%asp/-actionarticle4StoryID5;5E%Honoich! Y%! nalytics - To Lead or Not to Lead= I* +ideo Mar$et Iinfo! E septem#re566G! http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=analyticstoleadornottolead%Mo#oti/ @! http0=="""%mo#oti/%com=freCH=content=ie"=full=5%Honoich! Y%! Upcoming Panoramic Megapixel Camera from 'callop= I* +ideo Mar$etInfo!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=upcomingpanoramicmegapi/elcamerafromscallop%Resea+c7 C2anies C22e+cial P+-ucts an- Intelli0ent FunctinalitiesCarnegie Mellon 9niersity! Ro#otics Institute ! .er.iew= http0=="""%cs%cmu%edu=jsam=%<et"or$s 4 &rgani2ations! T*e $ntelligence Community $n.ests in )ideo= E mars 566?!

http0=="""%intelligenceonline%com=c=illustrations=io=pdf=I<T;GL56G%pdf%I:M! $@M 'mart 'ur.eillance 'ystem ('3"= http0=="""%research%i#m%com=peopleision=%&rgani/ IT! http0=="""%organi/it%com%BouTu#e! Trends and 'olutions for )ideo 'ur.eillance Market=http0=="""%youtu#e%com="atch-l67ca6'Ag$%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age =)


Home Security :log! )ideo sur.eillance en*ancements for irport security= 56 aot 566G!htt == 5 t t=#l = t t= i =?E=5?=



http0=="""%5mcct%net=#log=content=ie"=?E=5?=%Honoich! Y%! Upcoming Panoramic Megapixel Camera from 'callop= I* +ideo Mar$etInfo! E 'anier 566E!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report=upcomingpanoramicmegapi/elcamerafromscallop %Industrie Canada! <pertoire dDentreprises par secteur industriel=http0=="""%ic%gc%ca=eic=site=company.entreprises%nsf=fra=accueil%

Industrial m#edded Systems! Matrox Hrap*ics Un.eils $P )ideo 8ecoding cceleratorfor 'ur.eillance 'ystems= A noem#re 566G! http0=="""%industrial.em#edded%com=ne"s=d#=-F5E? %Honoich! Y%! Bireless )ideo 'ur.eillance Tutorial= I* +ideo Mar$et Info!http0==ipideomar$et%info=report="irelessideosureillancetutorial %/pertsDuRisque%com! Les softs dDanalyse dDimage=http0=="""%e/pertsdurisque%com=annuaire=site=R=Dossiersproduits=DossiersSecurite=8essoftsdanalysedimage!I5F6F%htm-/torSC.;%ISC.,est 566E! Ex*i7itor list= http0==isc"est6E%mapyoursho"%com=5=search%cfm-letk%Face Rec0nitin&s#orn! %! 1ow 7iometric tec*nology is used in .ideo sur.eillance= http0=="""%ideo.sureillance.guide%com=#iometric.technology%htm%ace Recognition Homepage! http0=="""%face.rec%org=general.info=%,ood"ard! Y% D% et al%! @iometricsA look at +acial <ecognition=http0==electronics%ho"stuff"or$s%com=framed%htm-parentfacial.recognition%htm4urlhttp0=="""%rand%org=pu#s=documented#riefings=D:7E?=D:7E?%pdf%Ho"stuff"or$s! +ace <ecognition=

http0==electronics%ho"stuff"or$s%com=framed%htm-parentfacial.recognition%htm4urlhttp0=="""%epic%org=priacy=facerecognition%irport International! 38 face recognition tec*nology= http0=="""%airport.int%com=categories=7d.face.recognition.technology=7d.face.recognition.technology%asp%ace Recognition +endor Test 566?! http0=="""%frt%org=R+T566?=default%asp/ %:ryner! Y%! Computers Het @etter at +ace <ecognition= 8ie Science! 5F 'anier 566G!http0=="""%liescience%com=technology=6G65F.face.recognition%html%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age =5

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortIssues8es chroniq es ' diciaires de Me lain * 8eco rs )id ill ili d t il



8es chroniques 'udiciaires de Me lain *% 8ecours! )ido sur.eillance en milieu de tra.ailF protection de la .ie pri.e= http0=="""%lecourslessard%com=droit.traail.ideo.sureillance.en.milieu.de.traail.protection.de.la.ie.priee%html%Conger! C%! 8o police cameras reduce crimeI= Ho"stuff"or$s!http0==electronics%ho"stuff"or$s%com=police.camera.crime%htm%9niersity of +ictoria! 8oes )ideo 'ur.eillance Pre.ent CrimeI=

http0==socialsciences%uic%ca=a#out=+ideoSureillanceandCrime%htm%'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age =#


PP"N%I4 8 ; Major Re1earch Program1 in Intelligent Video 'ur?eillanceThis appendi/ proides a list of certain research programs that hae greatly contri#uted to the deelopment of analyticstechnologies for ideo sureillance These programs and pro'ects hae helped to fund research "or$ in uniersities and



technologies for ideo sureillance% These programs and pro'ects hae helped to fund research "or$ in uniersities andcompanies! and hae often lead to the mar$eting of ideo analysis technologies for security purposes%ProjetAnnotated %igital (ideo "or Sur.eillance and !2ti4ised &etrie.alKA%(S!&L K'o44unauté euro2éenneL, 000$003htt2<@ist$orld@org*roNect%etails@as2:O*roNectd3c)d)b1=10>))de59#bc5"91"=ec5c>%e1criptionT8obNecti" de ce 2roNet était de de.elo22er des outils logiciels 2our la.idéosur.eillance intelligente dans les trans2orts 2ublics@ l .isait le

dé.elo22e4ent de techni7ues 2our la détection de 4ou.e4ent, le sui.i de2ersonnes, la reconnaissance de co42orte4ents, la sur.eillanced8indi.idus et de "oules@T8obNecti" de ce 2roNet est de dé.elo22er des technologies 2our détecter les co42orte4ents sus2ects dans les lieu: 2ublics, V 2artir de la .idéo2ro.enant d8un réseau de 2lusieurs ca4éras@*rogra44e 7ui "ut lancé 2ar l8ar4ée a4éricaine, sous la direction de la%A&*A K%e"ense Ad.anced &esearch *roNects AgencL et 7ui .isait lasur.eillance dans les ones de con"lits urbains grZce V un réseau deca4éras@ T8obNecti" était de dé.elo22er des logiciels 2er4ettant de traiter l8in"or4ation 2ro.enant des di""érentes ca4éras 2our identi"ier les.éhicules Kt2e, couleur, et 2la7ue d8i44atriculationL, les conducteurs etles é.éne4ents sus2ects@Financé 2ar la n"or4ation Societ echnolog, ce 2rogra44e .isait, entreautres, la reconnaissance d8obNets, de conte:te et de situations 2our lasur.eillance urbaine et les analses 4arketing@

Mené 2ar un consortiu4 de di: entre2rises et institutions acadé4i7ues, ce2roNet .ise la sur.eillance de "oules et des lieu: achalandés@ l . isenota44ent le dé.elo22e4ent d8outils bio4étri7ues 2our l8identi"ication de2ersonnes@BHA( K&oau4e$Ini@, *S&'L, 00=htt2<@secure$"orce@euinde:@2h2Oo2tionco4contentPtask.iePid155Pte4id9'o4bat [one hat See K%A&*A, \tats$InisL, 003htt2<@atec$tec@net"ritsnesdet@as2Ocodenes1)0)'onte:t Aare (ision using 4age$based Acti.e &ecognition K'A(A&LK'o44unauté euro2éenneL, 00$005htt2<ho4e2ages@in"@ed@ac@ukrb"'A(A&ca.iar@ht4ntegrated Sur.eillance o" 'roded Areas "or *ublic Securit KS'A*SLKuro2eL Kconsortiu4 de di: entre2rises et institutions acadé4i7uesL,005htt2<@isca2s@reading@ac@uk

'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age ==

Ta .idéosur.eillance intelligente < 2ro4esses et dé"is&a22ort de .eille technologi7ue et co44ercialeProjet*ro$acti.e ntegrated Sste4s "or Securit Manage4ent bechnological nstitutional and 'o44unications K*&SMA'ALK'o44unauté euro2éenneL ter4iné en 00



K'o44unauté euro2éenneL, ter4iné en 00htt2<t"1@lci@"rin"oshigh$tech0010,,>1>=##,00$2ris4atica$in"or4ati7ue$ser.ice$securite$trans2orts$@ht4l%e1criptionnitié 2ar si: trans2orteurs euro2éens, ce 2roNet .ise V ren"orcer la sécuritédans les trans2orts 2ublics, en dé.elo22ant des outils logiciels 2our l8analse des i4ages de sur.eillance@ lle touche nota44ent V ladétection de 2ersonnes et d8obNets, ainsi 7u8V l8analse de leursco42orte4ents, 2our détecter des colis sus2ects ou des .ols, 2ar e:e42le@*rogra44e 4ené 2ar le %iru2ti.e echnolog !""ice K%!L, rele.ant du

%irector o" -ational ntelligence K%-L@ l a 2our obNecti" de dé.elo22er desechnologies d8analse et d8inde:ation de la .idéo 2ro.enant de di""érentes

sources, en 2articulier celle ca2tée 2ar les ca4éras de sur.eillance@ Tesrecherches dans ce 2rogra44e 2ortent, nota44ent, sur l8e:traction dedonnées signi"icati.es V 2artir de la .idéo, la "usion 4ulti4odale, lareconnaissance et la co42réhension de co42orte4ents V 2artir dedi""érentes sources .idéo, dont celles 2ro.enant de ca4éras desur.eillance@Tancé et "inancé 2ar le n"or4ation Sste4s !""ice de la %e"enseAd.anced &search *roNects Agenc K%A&*AL, au: \tats$Inis@ '8étaitl8un des 2re4iers 2roNets d8analse en te42s réel de données de .idéosur.eillance 2our l8inter.ention et la 2ré.ention d8incidents@ T8obNecti" de ce2roNet était de dé.elo22er la .idéo auto4atisée et la rendre ca2able deco42rendre et é.aluer l8in"or4ation re?ue 2our l8utilisation dans desa22lications 4ilitaires de sur.eillance des ones urbaines ou de co4bat@

Ta recherche 2ortait, entre autres, sur la sur.eillance de ones étendues,la détection et le sui.i d8obNets en te42s réel, la reconnaissance d8obNets,le co42tage de .éhicules, le contr;le acti" de ca4éras, la reconnaissanced8acti.ités hu4aines@(ideo Analsis and 'ontent :traction K(A'L K%!, tats$InisL ]*hase 3 < 00#$009htt2<@[email protected])ns.acebrochure@2d" (ideo Sur.eillance and Monitoring K(SAML, 199=$000htt2<@cs@c4u@edu^.sa4!ld(sa4Web.sa4ho4e@ht4l'&M et echno2;le %é"ense et Sécuritéous droits réser.és ♥ 009 '&M et echno2;le %é"ense et SécuritéMars 009 *age =>

Ta .idéosur.eillance intelligente < 2ro4esses et dé"is&a22ort de .eille technologi7ue et co44erciale

PP"N%I4 ) ; Re1earch Group1 HLuebec and ,nited 'tate1This appendi/ proides a list of research groups in 1ue#ec "or$ing in ideo analysis for intelligent ideo sureillance%merican uniersity la#oratories contri#uting heaily to this field are also listed herein Most of them hae ta$en part in the



merican uniersity la#oratories contri#uting heaily to this field are also listed herein% Most of them hae ta$en part in the+C research program%3aborator(GroupLuébecTaboratoire de (ision et Sst64es -u4éri7ues, Ini.ersitéTa.alhtt2<.ision@[email protected]@ca&econnaissance d8acti.ités hu4aines@ Modélisation de dé4arche hu4aine@ %étectionet sui.i d8obNet@ &éseau de ca4éras intelligentes@ *artici2ation au 2roNet M!--, sur la sur.eillance d8en.ironne4ents co42le:es et le sui.i de 2ersonnes V l8aide d8un

réseau "aible4ent cou2lé de ca4érasKhtt2<.ision@[email protected]@ca"r*roNectsdns)1inde:@2h2Lraite4ent d8i4ages et de la .idéo, entre autres, 2our des a22lications de.idéosur.eillance@%étection et sui.i d8obNets, 4_4e sous occlusions@ %étection d8é.éne4ents@A22lication V la .idéosur.eillance@%étection et sui.i d8obNet, détection et reconnaissance de . isage, reconnaissanced8e:2ressions "aciales, reconnaissance de 2la7ues d8i44atriculation, reconnaissancede 4ou.e4ents anor4au:, inde:ation de ban7ues .idéo@ Te grou2e a 4ené 2lusieurs2roNets en .idéosur.eillance 2our la sécurité, dont M!--, *[ et (SIKhtt2<@cri4@ca"rr$d.isioni4agerie2roNets@ht4lL@%étection d8ano4alies 2our la .idéosur.eillance@%e1cription o& 7or0T(, \cole *oltechni7ue de Montréalhtt2<@[email protected](id*ro, Ini.ersité 'oncordiahtt2<users@encs@concordia@ca^.id2rog/rou2e (ision et i4agerie, '&Mhtt2<@cri4@ca"rr$d.isioni4agerieinde:@ht4l(isual Motor &esearch Tab, Ini.ersité Mc/illhtt2<@ci4@4cgill@ca^clark.4rleb$content.4rl@ht4l'&M et echno2;le %é"ense et Sécuritéous droits réser.és ♥ 009 '&M et echno2;le %é"ense et SécuritéMars 009 *age =9

Ta .idéosur.eillance intelligente < 2ro4esses et dé"is&a22ort de .eille technologi7ue et co44ercialeStat1!,ni1'o42uter (ision Taborator, Ini.ersit o" Marlandhtt2<@c"ar@u4d@[email protected]'o42uter (ision Tab, Ini.ersit o" 'entral Florida



2 htt2<ser.er@cs@uc"@edu^.isionFace &ecognition and (ideo *rocessing Tab, -e ersenstitute o" echnologhtt2<@cs@nNit@eduliuF&(*labinde:@ht4ln"or4edia, 'arnegie Mellon Ini.ersithtt2<@in"or4edia@cs@c4u@edunstitute "or &obotics and ntelligent Sste4s, Ini.ersit o" Southern 'ali"orniahtt2<iris@usc@edu&obotics nstitute, 'arnegie Mellon Ini.ersit

htt2<@ri@c4u@edu(ision &esearch /rou2, Massachusetts nstitute o" echnologhtt2<grou2s@csail@[email protected]&econnaissance d8obNets@ %étection et sui.i de .éhicules et d8hu4ains@ 'aractérisationde la dé4arche hu4aine et reconnaissance "aciale@ %étection de la taille d8un indi.idu@ndenti"ication de 2ersonnes dans les "oules@ %étection d8obNets abandonnés@%étection et sui.i d8obNet, reconnaissance d8acti.ités hu4aines, analse de "oules etsui.i d8indi.idu dans des en.ironne4ents 2eu2lés@&econnaissance de .isages@*artici2e au 2rogra44e de recherche (A'@ nde:ation et recherche de contenus.idéo@ %étection des 2ersonnes et 2atrons d8acti.ité dans des i4ages .idéo@ Méthodesde 2rotection des in"or4ations 2ri.ées sur la .idéo .isionnées 2ar 2lusieurs usagers@*artici2e au 2rogra44e (A'@ %étection et sui.i d8obNets et d8hu4ains 2our la.idéosur.eillance@ &econnaissance d8acti.ités et d8é.éne4ents@

%i""érents grou2es cou.rent des as2ects de recherche a22licables V la.idéosur.eillance < détection et sui.i de 2ersonnes, détection et reconnaissance "aciale,identi"ication de 2ersonnes, reconnaissance de gestes et de co42orte4ents [email protected] 2artici2é au 2rogra44e de recherche (SAM@ echni7ues d8analse .idéo dansun réseau distribué de ca4éras < détection, sui.i et reconnaissance d8obNets,classi"ication d8acti.ités, détection d8é.éne4ents nor4au: et anor4au:@'&M et echno2;le %é"ense et Sécuritéous droits réser.és ♥ 009 '&M et echno2;le %é"ense et SécuritéMars 009 *age >0


ppendi < ; Video 'ur?eillance Companie1 HLuebec and el1e@hereIn ie" of the ast num#er of companies offering ideo sureillance products and serices! an e/haustie list "ould #eimpossi#le to proide% This appendi/ lists the main companies found follo"ing ,e# searches! e/pert consultations and



p p pp p g ! pmeetings held during the ISC.,est 566G and ISC.ast 566G conferences% Specific research "as conducted to list 1ue#eccompanies! as "ell as those from other Canadian proinces that deelop intelligent digital ideo sureillance products% Theseare listed first under each category of serices% Ho"eer! not all ideo sureillance integrators! installers and distri#utors hae

een inde/ed%More e/haustie lists of companies in the field of security and ideo sureillance can #e found on the follo"ing sites0• http0=="""%canasa%org=en=mem#ership=memdirectory=inde/%html%• http0=="""%sourcesecurity%com=companies%html%

• http0=="""%ideosureillance%com=manufacturers=%• http0==ipideomar$et%info=%• http0=="""%isc"est%com=pp=homepage%cfm-appnameG64moduleID5E;G48in$ID566AA4su#menuheaderA%Company descriptions "ere ta$en or adapted from the a#oe ,e# references or company ,e# sites%3arge manu&acturer1 or 1upplier1 o&&ering ?ideo 1ur?eillance 1ecurit( product1i1 Communication1 KSu6deL@a:is@co4A:is est le leader 4ondial du 4arché de la .idéo sur *@ Société suédoise "ondée en 19>), elle dis2ose de"iliales dans 2lus de 0 2as et tra.aille en coo2ération a.ec de no4breu: 2artenaires dans 2lus de =02as@ A:is s8est s2écialisée dans les solutions 2ro"essionnelles de .idéo sur * destinées V la sur.eillance,la télésur.eillance et la di""usion@ 'ette ga44e de 2roduits co42rend des ca4éras réseau, des ser.eurs.idéo, des décodeurs .idéo, des logiciels de gestion .idéo, ainsi 7u8un ense4ble co42let d8accessoires@Bosch Securit Sste4s o""re di""érents 2roduits de sécurité, dont des sst64es de . idéosur.eillance,

incluant des solutions *@'heck2oint Sste4s o""re une ga44e co42l6te de 2roduits et ser.ices en sécurité, nota44ent dessst64es de .idéosur.eillance@2o1ch 'ecurit( '(1tem1 KAlle4agneL@boschsecurit@co4Chec0point '(1tem1 K\tats$InisL@check2ointsste4s@co4'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >1

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort3arge manu&acturer1 or 1upplier1 o&&ering ?ideo 1ur?eillance 1ecurit( product1Ci1co K\tats$InisL@cisco@co4'isco o""re une solution co42l6te de .idéosur.eillance 7ui s8int6gre V ses é7ui2e4ents de réseau@



T8entre2rise .end nota44ent des encodeurs K"ournis 2ar S*i::L et un logiciel de gestion .idéo Kdé.elo22é2ar BroadareL 7ui 2eut "onctionner sur les routeurs de 'isco@ 'e géant des co44ercialise aussi deu:ca4éras *@` tra.ers ses 2artenariats a.ec les 4anu"acturiers et dé.elo22eurs de co42osantes de .idéosur.eillance,%$Tink o""re des solutions co42l6tes de .idéosur.eillance *@/ Securit .end di""érents sst64es de sécurité, dont des outils de .idéosur.eillance@ T8entre2rise o""re4_4e un logiciel de gestion .idéo intelligent K(isioWa.e ntelligent (ideo *lat"or4L@Honeell Securit est un "ournisseur et un distributeur international de sst64es électroni7ues de sécurité@T8entre2rise co44ercialise %igital (ideo Manager, une solution de .idéosur.eillance nu4éri7ue en réseaubasée sur une architecture ou.erte@

/éant de l8électroni7ue, (' .end des ca4éras analogi7ues, 4ais 4anu"acture aussi une ga44e deca4éras et d8accessoires de sur.eillance *@ T8entre2rise 2roduit aussi des enregistreurs nu4éri7uesréseau K-(&L@` tra.ers ses di""érentes di.isions, Mitsubishi 4anu"acture 2lusieurs 2roduits de .idéosur.eillance, dont desenregistreurs nu4éri7ues, des 4urs d8écrans et, 2lus réce44ent, des ca4éras *@*anasonic est l8un des 2rinci2au: 4anu"acturiers de ca4éras analogi7ues@ T8entre2rise dé.elo22e aussiune ga44e d8enregistreurs nu4éri7ues et de ca4éras * 2our la sur.eillance@ 'elles$ci .iennent sousdi""érentes "or4es < 4éga2i:el, *[, d;4e@*elco est l8une des 2lus grandes entre2rises en .idéosur.eillance et le leader des 4anu"acturiers deca4éras analogi7ues@ T8entre2rise o""re une ga44e étendue de co42osantes de .idéosur.eillance, dontdes solutions de gestions .idéo sur enregistreur nu4éri7ue, traditionnel ou hbride, et sur enregistreur réseau@ *elco s8est lancée dans le 4arché des ca4éras * en co44ercialisant 7uel7ues 4od6les@Sa4sung /( o""re une suite co42l6te de solutions de .idéosur.eillance et de solution intégrées desécurité 7ui 2er4ettent la .idéosur.eillance intelligente@oshiba o""re une ga44e co42l6te de 2roduits de .idéosur.eillance, incluant des ca4eras analogi7ues et

*, 4oniteurs, enregistreurs nu4éri7ues et réseau@ Ses ca4éras * sont ré2utées 2our la 7ualité de leur i4age dans des conditions de "aible illu4ination@co nternational est une entre2rise di.ersi"iée o""rant des 2roduits et des ser.ices dans #0 2as@ lleco44ercialise une ga44e étendue de technologies de contr;le d8acc6s et de .idéo sous ses di""érentes4ar7ues < So"tare House, A4erican %na4ics and Jantech@%!3in0 KaianL@dlink@co42roductsend$to$end$sur.eillanceG" 'ecurit( K\tats$InisL@gesecurit@co4one(@ell 'ecurit( K\[email protected]@co4FVC K\tats$InisL@[email protected]@co4Mit1ubi1hi Ka2onL@4itsubishi@co4

Pana1onic Ka2onL@2anasonic@co4businesssecuritho4e@as2Pelco K\tats$InisL@2elco@co4'am1ung GVI K\[email protected]@co4To1hiba Ka2onL@toshiba@co4T(co International KBer4udesL@tco@co4'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ort3arge manu&acturer1 or 1upplier1 o&&ering ?ideo 1ur?eillance 1ecurit( product1Vicon K\[email protected]$cct.@co4(icon dé.elo22e, 4anu"acture et co44ercialise des solutions co42l6tes sur réseau * 2our intégrer la



.idéosur.eillance a.ec le contr;le d8acc6s@ T8entre2rise o""re des logiciels de gestion .idéo, desenregistreurs nu4éri7ues et réseau, des encodeurs et décodeurs, ainsi 7ue des ca4éras K*, 4éga2i:el,analogi7ues, d;4eL@Video management and IP ?ideo 1ur?eillance 1(1tem 1o&t@areGenetec KQuébecL@genetec@co4/enetec est l8un des 2lus grands dé.elo22eurs de logiciel de .idéosur.eillance *@ l dé.elo22e !4nicast,une solution de .idéosur.eillance sur *@ 'e logiciel int6gre les technologies d8analse .idéo de 2artenaires@'elles$ci 2er4ettent la détection et l8identi"ication d8obNets et d8indi.idus, ainsi 7ue la reconnaissance deco42orte4ents inhabituels@ Ta solution Auto(u 2er4et la reconnaissance auto4atisée de 2la7ues

d8i44atriculation dans des a22lications "i:es et 4obiles@Ai4etis dé.elo22e un logiciel de gestion .idéo su22ortant les ca4éras analogi7ues et nu4éri7ues intégrantdes librairies de "onctions d8analti7ue .idéo 2our des a22lications s2éci"i7ues@ T8entre2rise dé.elo22enota44ent des algorith4es 2ro2riétaires de détection et de sui.i d8obNets K.oitures2ersonnesL "onctionnantsous des conditions changeantes d8illu4ination et de 4étéo, de co42tage de 2ersonnes, de détection etclassi"ication d8é.éne4ents tels 7ue les intrusions, les stationne4ents interdits et les "raudes au guichetauto4ati7ue@ Ses 4archés 2rinci2au: touchent au: a22lications de sur.eillance e:térieure et au co44ercede détail@42ath o""re i$(olution, une ga44e de 2roduits de .idéosur.eillance sur réseau *, ainsi 7ue ele(ue, unlogiciel de gestion d8a22lication 2er4ettant de con"igurer et contr;ler l8é7ui2e4ent .idéo en réseau@March -etorks co44ercialise la ga44e de 2roduits (ideoS2here 2our la .idéosureillance * sur desréseau: "ilaires ou sans "il@ T8entre2rise o""re des ca4éras *, des enregistreurs nu4éri7ues, des encodeurset un logiciel de gestion .idéo@ 'e dernier inclut des "onctionnalités d8analti7ue 2our la sur.eillance au:2oints de .ente@ Son 2rinci2al co42étiteur est (erint@AMA/ echnolog dé.elo22e un sst64e de gestion de la sécurité 2our l8industrie et les gou.erne4ents@

'elui$ci co42rend '(mmetr( Video. une 2late"or4e ou.erte de gestion .idéo 2our les ser.eurs .idéo, lesenregistreurs .idéo nu4éri7ues et les ca4éras *@Ta "a4ille de 2roduits ntelle: o""re des solutions de sur.eillance .idéo intégrant sst64es analogi7ues et*@ T8entre2rise est l8un des 2lus gros .endeurs d8enregistreurs nu4éri7ues au 4onde@ lle a ac7uis, en00>, ntelli.id, co42agnie s2écialisée en analti7ue .idé[email protected] echnologies dé.elo22e un logiciel de gestion .idéo 7ui 2oss6de les "onctionnalités standards dena.igation dans la .idéo@ 'elle$ci inclut des "onctions d8analti7ues .idéo, telles 7ue la détection de2ersonnes basée sur la couleur et la te:ture de la 2eau, la détection et le sui.i d8obNet et la reconnaissanced8acti.ités@ 'es détections nécessitent un 2ara4étrage che le client@imeti1 K!ntarioL@ai4etis@co4Impath Net@or01 K-ou.elle$\cosseL@i42athnetorks@co4March Net@or01 K!ntarioL@4archnetorks@co4MG Technolog( K&oau4e$IniL

@a4ag@co4merican %(namic1 K\tats$Inis, uneenter2rise de coL@a4ericandna4ics@net?entura Technologie1 K\[email protected]@co4'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >3

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortVideo management and IP ?ideo 1ur?eillance 1(1tem 1o&t@are"ac/ K\tats$InisL@e:ac7@co4I2M K\tats$InisL

ib



@ib4@co4IndigoVi1ion K&[email protected]@co4:ac7 echnologies nc@ dé.elo22e un sst64e de gestion .ideo V architecture ou.erte dont la 7ualité estreconnue@BM o""re des solutions intégrées de .idéosur.eillance et de sécurité@ T8entre2rise 46ne aussi des tra.au:de recherche dans le do4aine de l8analti7ue .idéo@ lle co44ercialise un sst64e de .idéosur.eillanceintelligente basé sur une architecture ou.erte@ndigo(ision o""re une solution de .idéosur.eillance * de bout en bout@ Sa ligne de 2roduit co42rend desca4éras *, des encodeurs, des enregistreurs sur réseau et un logiciel de gestion .idéo@ T8entre2rise

dé.elo22e son 2ro2re '!%'@ Ses 2roduits ne su22ortent 2as les ca4éras de co42étiteurs@ ndigo(ision aobtenu un contrat de 2lusieurs 4illions de dollars de l8Agence des ser.ices "rontaliers du 'anada, 2our dé2loer des ca4éras * au: 2ostes "rontaliers entre le 'anada et les \tats$InisMilestone dé.elo22e la 2late"or4e de gestion de .idéosur.eillance * ou.erte Milestone +*rotectM@T8inter"ace 2er4et d8intégrer 2lusieurs 4odules d8analti7ue .idéo@ 'ette entre2rise se s2écialise dans lelogiciel et ne .end 2as de co42osantes 4atérielles@ Son logiciel su22orte un grand no4bre de ca4éras etsst64es de sécurité sur le 4arché@Mosaic %na4ic Solutions o""re 2lusieurs 2roduits 2our la sur.eillance et le sui.i des acti"s d8uneorganisation@ T8entre2rise co44ercialise des solutions d8analti7ue .idéo 2er4ettant la détection d8obNet, lareconnaissance de co42orte4ents sus2ects, la reconnaissance de .isages et de 2la7ues d8i44atriculation@-ice "ournit des solutions co42l6tes de sécurité, nota44ent des 2roduits de .idéosur.eillance@ -ice n"or4ca2ture et snchronise des données 4ulti4édia 2our la sur.eillance K.oi:, .idéo, te:te, etc@L 2our les "insd8en7u_tes@!nSS dé.elo22e !cularis, un logiciel de gestion .idéo * 7ui co42rend une inter"ace tr6s so2histi7uéeo""rant 2lusieurs outils de na.igation et de .isualisation V l8usager@

(ideo nsight dé.elo22e une suite étendue de 4odules logiciels 2our la gestion de la .idéosur.eillance@3(& co44ercialise un logiciel de gestion .idéo 2our la sur.eillance 2er4ettant des recherches a.ancéesgrZce V des outils intégrés d8analti7ue .idéo Kreconnaissance de .isages, reconnaissance de 2la7uesd8i44atriculation, détection de 4ou.e4entL@Mile1tone K%ane4arkL@4ilestoness@co4Mo1aic %(namic 'olution1 K\tats$InisL@4osaicdns@co4Nice '(1tem1 KsraXlL@nice@co4On''I. On!Net 'ur?eillance '(1tem1Inc9 K\tats$InisL@onssi@co4Video In1ight K\[email protected]$insight@co4

<VR K\[email protected]@co4'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >)

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortCamera1ImmerVi1ion KQué[email protected]@co444er.ision co44ercialise la technologie bre.etée *ano4or2he, 7ui co42rend une lentille grand angle

é d8 l ith d ti d l di t i ' tt l till "" h d i i l d 3#0



acco42agnée d8algorith4es de gestion de la distorsion@ 'ette lentille o""re un cha42 de .ision o.al de 3#02ar 1>0, dont la résolution ne di4inue 2as en 2éri2hérie@ lle s8ada2te sur une ca4éra ordinaire, ce 7uiconstitue un net a.antage co44ercial sur son 2rinci2al concurrent, /randee@ Ta lentille *ano4or2heutilise 33 2lus de 2i:els 7ue la technologie &i1he(e9 outes les .ues *[ sont recréées nu4éri7ue4ent@T8entre2rise o""re aussi une librairie logicielle gratuite 2er4ettant de gérer l8a""ichage des i4ages .idéo et lana.igation dans celles$ci@ 'ette librairie 2eut _tre intégrée au: enregistreurs nu4éri7ues et réseau@Bien 7u8elle o""re des ca4éras *, des encodeurs et des logiciels de gestion .idéo, A.igilon se s2écialisedans les ca4éras 4éga2i:el KNus7u8V 1# 4éga2i:elsL et l8o2ti4isation de la .idéosur.eillance en hautedé"inition@ 'es 2roduits sont 2articuli6re4ent bien ada2tés 2our les en.ironne4ents e:térieurs@ 'etteentre2rise su22orte 2eu de sst64es de tiers@

Tu4enera co44ercialise une ga44e de ca4éras 4éga2i:el KNus7u8V 11 4éga2i:elsL, sensibles V de"aibles éclairages@ Su22orte l8analti7ue .idéo 2our leur série li et est 2artenaire de !bNect(ideo@A'i o""re une ga44e co42l6te de ca4eras * de bonne 7ualité V bas 2ri:, ainsi 7ue des logicielsd8enregistre4ent sur réseau@ Tes ca4éras d8A'i sont su22ortées 2ar 2lusieurs 4anu"acturiersd8enregistreurs nu4éri7ues@ Tes ca4éras de l8entre2rise constituent sou.ent une alternati.e 4oinscoteuse 2ar ra22ort au: ca4éras d8A:is@Arecont (ision o""re une ligne co42l6te de ca4éras 4éga2i:el KNus7u8V > 4éga2i:elsL, V des 2ri: in"érieursV ses 2rinci2au: concurrents, Qn.ision et Tu4enera@ n 00>, l8entre2rise a co44encé V su22orter laco42ression H@#), ce 7ui 2ourrait a.oir un i42act 4aNeur sur l8industrie@/rande co44ercialise des ca4éras 2anora4i7ues, en .ersions analogi7ues ou *@ Ta .ersion * o""recin7 4éga2i:els de résolution@ Ses 2rinci2au: concurrents sont Moboti: et 44er(ision@*+ a dé.elo22é l8un des 2re4iers sst64es 2er4ettant de 2roduire des i4ages 3#0 2ar 3#0 K"ish e(edans les7uelles on 2eut na.iguer@ n sécurité, /randee co44ercialise la technologie d8*+ sous une4ar7ue conNointe@Qin(ision co44ercialise des ca4éras 4éga2i:els et intelligentes@ T8entre2rise est i42lantée dans le

4arché de la .idéosur.eillance en haute dé"inition de2uis 199>@ lle o""re des ca4éras Nournuit, desca4éras V d;4e résistantes au: .andalis4e et des ca4éras * résistantes au: inte42éries@Sinkss "ournit des ca4éras nu4éri7ues sans "il se connectant V un réseau@ Tes solutions o""ertes 2ar Tinkss .isent les 2etites entre2rises et les résidences@Togitech est une 4anu"acture des ebca4éras de sur.eillance 2our le grand 2ublic@?igilon K'[email protected]@co43umenera K!ntarioL@lu4enera@co4CTi KaianL@acti@co4recont Vi1ion K\[email protected]@co4Grande(e K&oau4e$IniLhtt2<@grandee@co4Ipi Corporation K\tats$InisL

@i2i:@co4ILinVi1ion K\tats$InisL@i7ee@co43in01(1 K\tats$Inis, une entre2rise de'iscoL@linkss@co43ogitech K\tats$InisL@logitech@co4'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >5

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortCamera1Moboti KAlle4agneL@4oboti:@co4Moboti: co44ercialise des ca4éras réseau haute résolution et des sst64es de .idéosur.eillancedécentralisés T8entre2rise occu2e la deu:i64e 2lace du secteur en uro2e et la 7uatri64e au ni.eau



décentralisés@ T entre2rise occu2e la deu:i64e 2lace du secteur en uro2e et la 7uatri64e au ni.eau4ondial@ A.ec une résolution de 3,1 4éga2i:els, les ca4éras M!B!+ o""rent une i4age 30 "ois 2lus2récise 7ue les ca4éras analogi7ues@ 'Cest 2our7uoi elles 2er4ettent de sur.eiller des ones 2lus .astes,a.ec une .ision V 3#0, réduisant ainsi le no4bre de ca4éras re7uises et les cots s8 rattachant@'ette entre2rise 2roduit la ca4éra %=, une ca4éra de se2t 4éga2i:els 2our la sur.eillance, "ournissant uncha42 de .ision de 1>0 sans aucune distorsion de l8i4age@heia 2roduit des lentilles grand angle 2our les ca4éras 4éga2i:els, 2er4ettant de cou.rir une tr6s largeone de sur.eillance@(i.otek o""re une .aste ga44e de ca4eras * écono4i7ues@ l est le 2lus grand "ournisseur dans leseg4ent de 4arché bas de ga44e 2our les conso44ateurs et les 2etites entre2rises@

'callop Imaging K\tats$InisL@scallo2i4aging@co4Theia K\tats$InisLhtt2<@theiatech@co4Vi?ote0 [email protected]@co47irele11Ré1eau "agle KQuébecL@reseau:eagle@co4#iretide K\tats$InisL@"iretide@co4'tri '(1tem1 K\tats$InisL@stri:sste4s@co4Tropo1 Net@or01 K\tats$InisL@tro2os@co4

'ette entre2rise se s2écialise dans le dé2loie4ent, la gestion et la sécurité de réseau: sans "il,nota44ent 2our la .idéosur.eillance@ lle est s2écialiste des réseau: de t2e >0@11@Firetide "ournit des 2roduits 2our l8in"rastructure et l8acc6s dans les réseau: V trans4ission sans "il@ lleo""re des solutions s2écialisée 2our la .idéosur.eillance, 4ais aussi 2our la télé2honie et les données@ Tes2roduits de Firetide ont été i42lantés V *hoeni: 2our la sur.eillance du Su2er Bol 00>@Stri: Sste4s est un "ournisseur d8é7ui2e4ents 2our les réseau: sans$"il@ Ses solutions 2er4ettent dedé2loer un réseau distribué de .idéosur.eillance *, dont les co42osantes Kca4éras, ser.eurs .idéo,archi.age, logiciels et sst64es de .isionne4entL 2eu.ent _tre géogra2hi7ue4ent distribuées@ro2os -etorks est un che" de "ile dans les réseau: sans "il V large bande 2er4ettant au: clients dedé2loer une in"rastructure *, nota44ent 2our la .idéosur.eillance@Other ?ideo 1ur?eillance companie1Video7a?e Net@or01 KQué[email protected]@ca(ideoWa.e -etorks nc@ est une "ir4e canadienne basée V Saint$Taurent, s2écialisée dans la conce2tionde sst64es intelligents de .idéo sur.eillance .isant V o2ti4iser la sécurité des 2articuliers, des entre2riseset agences gou.erne4entales@ TCé7ui2e de conce2teurs de (ideoWa.e a con?u le 2roduit (S$!nerack,

un sst64e de tracking a.ec ca4éra *[, 2our le7uel (ideoWa.e sCest 4érité le 2ri: !ctas 00# dans lacatégorie nno.ation technologi7ue@ !utre ses 2roduits 2ro2riétaires, (ideoWa.e 2ro2ose une ga44eco42l6te dCenregistreurs nu4éri7ues, ca4éras et ser.eurs .idéo@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >#

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortOther ?ideo 1ur?eillance companie1Vi1io!'o&t KQué[email protected]$so"t@co4d?ancedIO K'olo4bie$Britanni7ueL ad.ancedio co4



@ad.ancedio@co4"treme CCTV K'olo4bie$Britanni7ueL@:tre4e''(@co4Micro Video [email protected]@caPleora Technologie1 K!ntarioL@2leora@co4Vi1ual %e&ence K!ntario, a.ec bureauV Montré[email protected]"ence@co4

%I!2urte0 K\tats$Inis, 2oint de .enteau QuébecL@adi$burtek@co4%T K\tats$Inis, bureau: au 'anada,entre2rise de coL@adt@co4T"M" KFrance, bureau au QuébecL@ate4e@co4IC4 Vi1ion '(1tem1 K\[email protected]@ic:t@co4(isio$so"t o""re des sst64es de sur.eillance intégrés, enti6re4ent nu4éri7ues, sur les 2rotocoles deco44unications réseau: '**@ T8entre2rise détient son 2ro2re codec, a22elé W1@ lle o""re aussi dessolutions 2our la .idéosur.eillance 2ar cellulaire nécessitant une trans4ission V bas dé[email protected]! .end des 2roduits de connecti.ité thernet gigabit ada2té 2our le trans"ert *, nota44ent de.idéo, dans les sst64es in"or4ati7ues V haute 2er"or4ance@Manu"acturier de sst64es de .ision nocturne acti.e, V 2artir d8illu4ination in"rarouge, :tre4e ''( .endses 2roduits 2our la sur.eillance d8installations criti7ues, la %é"ense, la sécurité intérieure, les trans2orts etles sites 2atri4oniau:@Micro (ideo co44ercialise des ca4éras 4iniatures de .idéosur.eillance@*leora echnologies "ournit des solutions de connecti.ité thernet gigabit 2our la .idéosur.eillance, ladi""usion .idéo et la .isioni7ue@'ette enter2rise int6gre et installe de l8é7ui2e4ent de .idéosur.eillance, tels 7ue ca4éras, enregistreursnu4éri7ues et logiciels d8analti7ue .idéo@A%$Burtek est un distributeur de 2roduits électroni7ues, nota44ent de .idéosur.eillance@\tabli V tra.ers le 4onde, A% est l8un des 2lus grands intégrateurs de sst64es de sécurité@ A% int6greet co44ercialise les 2roduits de .idéosur.eillance de 'isco@AM est un 4anu"acturier d8encodeurs et d8enregistreurs .idéo 2our la sur.eillance@ l "ournit dessolutions de co42ression, nota44ent selon les standards M*/$) et H@#)@': (ision Sste4s Kancienne4ent *ureech Sste4s, nc@, di.ision de '+ echnologiesL dé.elo22e*ureActi., un sst64e 2our la sur.eillance auto4atisée sur des sites e:térieurs@ 'e sst64e 2er4et dedétecter et sui.re les obNets, détecter les intrusions, contr;ler des ca4éras, 2our générer des alar4es et

rans4ettre les sé7uences 2résentant une acti.ité sus2ecte@ntransa .end des solutions de stockage en gra22e Kcluster 1torage o""rant des centaines de téraoctetsd8es2ace d8archi.age 2our les sst64es de gestion .idéo *@ 'oncurrent direct de *i.ot3 ou de "ournisseursde solutions de stockage, tels 7ue M' et %ell@*i.ot3 .end des solutions de stockage en gra22e Kcluster 1torage o""rant des centaines de téraoctetsd8es2ace d8archi.age 2our les sst64es de gestion .idéo *@ 'oncurrent direct de ntransa ou de"ournisseurs de solutions de stockage, tels 7ue M' et %ell@Intran1a K\tats$InisL@intransa@co4Pi?ot< K\[email protected]@co4'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >=

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortOther ?ideo 1ur?eillance companie1'imple Grinnell K\tats$Inis, bureau:au 'anadaL@si42le:grinnell@co4Tri!"% K\tats$Inis 2oint de .ente au



Tri!"% K\tats$Inis, 2oint de .ente auQuébecL@tri$ed@co4Si42le: /rinnell .end di""érents sst64es de sécurité, dont de .idéosur.eillance, en intégrant les solutionsde 2artenaires@ri$% est un distributeur nord$a4éricain de 2roduits de sécurité et de do4oti7ue@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >>


ppendi B ; 'pecialized ?ideo anal(tic1 1o&t@are de1ign companie1This section lists the ma'or ideo analytics soft"are deelopers% These products are quite often #uilt into the ideomanagement soft"are of partner companies% It includes a short list of companies speciali2ed in face recognition and license

l t iti d t



plate recognition products%Compan(Organi IT KQuébecL@organi:itt@co4Compan( %e1cription ProductTogiciels de .idéosur.eillanceS(MS 7ui inclut des"onctionnalités intelligentes@

nt6gre la technologie de SS2our la détection et le sui.id8obNets, ainsi 7ue lareconnaissance deco42orte4ents@Intelligent #unctionalitie1• %étection et sui.i d8hu4ains@• &econnaissance de co42orte4ents < bagarre, course, saut 2ar$dessus une guérite, gra""iti@• %étection d8obNets abandonnés@• %étection de "raude au: 2oints de ser.ices@• Monitoring de tra"ic < accidents, obNets sur la chaussée, li4ites de .itesse en"reintes, congestion, 2iétons, etc@• 'o42tage de 2ersonnes et détection d8a""luence@• &econnaissance de .isages Katteint un tau: de 2récision de 93 L@• &econnaissance de 2la7ues d8i44atriculation, ac7uisition V #0 k4h@IntelliVie@ [email protected]@ca%é.elo22e et co44ercialise unsst64e co42let d8analti7ueet de gestion .idéo@ T8analse.idéo est "aite dans un %(&@• %étection d8intrusion dans un 2éri46tre@• Acti.ation de *[ 2our sui.i d8obNet@• &econnaissance de 2la7ues d8i44atriculation@• Filtrage des "ausses alar4es causées 2ar les .ariations en.ironne4entales, telles

7u8o4bres, re"lets et neige@• 'réation de so44aires .idéo 2our condenser les sé7uences V .isionner@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age >9

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortCompan(gent VI K\[email protected]@co4Compan( %e1cription

Product



Product*late"or4e logicielle dontl8architecture ré2artit lesraite4ents entre le ser.eur et

les é7ui2e4ents de 2éri2hérieKca4éras et encodeursL@%é2loée dans 2lus de 52as, dans les 2rinci2au:secteurs d8a22lication@Suite de 2roduits d8analti7ue <

*erce2trak Kintégré a.ecMilestoneL, 'erniu4 dge,:itSentr Kdétection dedé2lace4ent V contresens dansdes aires contr;lées, destinéau: aéro2ortsL et Archer"ishKsolution do4esti7ueL@&econnue 2ar Frost P Sulli.antV titre dCentre2rise nord$a4éricaine é4ergente del8année 00>@42lantée en A4éri7ue et enuro2e, cette entre2rise o""reune ga44e étendue desolutions 2our la

.idéosur.eillance, incluant des4odules d8analti7ue@ nt6greles 2roduits de tiers@Intelligent #unctionalitie1• %étection de .oitures < stationne4ent illégal, circulation V contresens, 2assage de 2lusieurs .oitures sous une seule identi"ication KtailgatingL@• %étection d8obNets sus2ects ou abandonnés@• %étection et sui.i d8indi.idus, détection d8attrou2e4ents@• 'o42orte4ents < %étection d8intrusions, r;deurs, entrée de deu: 2ersonnes en 4_4e te42s V un 2oint de contr;le@• %étection de 2ersonnes, d8obNets et de .éhicules et de leur 4od6le de 4ou.e4ent@• &econnaissance de co42orte4ents@• %étection de 2ersonnes circulant V contresens@Cernium K\tats$InisL@cerniu4@co4Intelligent 'ecurit('(1tem1 HI''International K\tats$InisL@isscct.@co4• &econnaissance "aciale K2récision de 95 , 4eilleur sst64e selon l8é.aluation du dé2arte4ent de la %é"enseL@• Monitoring de tra"ic@• &econnaissance d8inscri2tions sur les conteneurs@• &econnaissance de 2la7ues d8i44atriculation Kca2ture Nus7u8V 150 k4h a.ec un tau: de reconnaissance entre #0 et 95 L@• %étection de "raudes au: 2oints de ser.ice et sst64es de guichets auto4ati7ues@• 'o42tage de 2ersonnes@

• Sur.eillance des acti"s de .aleur et détection de .ols@• %étection d8intrusion dans une one V acc6s contr;lé@• Sui.i de sus2ects d8une ca4éra V l8autre@

• Analse des dé2lace4ents et co42orte4ents des conso44ateurs@• Monitoring de l8a""luence des clients 2our 2er4ettre d8ada2ter le ser.ice@Intelli?id K\[email protected]@co4%é.elo22eur d8analti7ue .idéos2écialisé 2our l8industrie duco44erce de détail



co44erce de détail@T8entre2rise a été achetée 2ar co, en 00>@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 90

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortCompan(Ioimage KsraXlL@ioi4age@co4Compan( %e1cription

Product



ProductFondée en 000,co44ercialise des encodeurset des ca4éras intégrant des"onctions d8analti7ue .idéo,ainsi 7u8un logiciel intelligent degestion .idéo centralisée@Intelligent #unctionalitie1• %étection d8intrusions < intrusions dans une aire contr;lée, trip@ire. .iolation de 2éri46tre@• %étection d8obNet abandonné ou subtilisé@• %étection de r;deur@• %étection de .éhicule stationné@• Acti.ation de ca4éra *[ 2our sui.i d8obNet@• %étection d8altération de ca4éras@• %étection d8obNet abandonné dans une "oule@• %étection de .ol ou de gra""iti.andalis4e dans une "oule@• %étection d8obNet 2résentant un contraste tr6s "aible@• /estion de "oule et de "iles d8attentes@• %étection de chutes@• 'o42tage de 2ersonnes et .éhicules@• 'o42orte4ents < détection de r;deurs, 2ersonne courant, obNet se dé2la?ant V contresens@

• %étection de course@• *rotection de 2éri46tres, détection d8intrusion@• Analse de .itessedétection d8e:c6s de .itesse@• &econnaissance de 2la7ues d8i44atriculation@Iomni1cient KAustralie,bureau V orontoL@io4niscient@co4Fondée en 001, l8entre2riseo""re une ga44e étendue de"onctions analti7ues@ lledé.elo22e et co44ercialiseune suite logicielle d8analti7ue.idéo, /enius &ange, baséesur un algorith4e bre.eté dedétection d8absence de

4ou.e4ent@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritMarch 009 *age 91

ntelligent (ideo Sur.eillance< *ro4ises and 'hallengesechnological and 'o44ercial ntelligence &e2ortCompan(Mate HI1raUl@4ate@co@il KsraXlL@4ateusa@net K\tats$InisL



LCompan( %e1cription ProductFournit une solution co42l6ted8analti7ue .idéo 2our desanalses centralisées ou en2éri2hérie, selon trois couches <2rotection du 2éri46tre,2rotection du site et contr;led8acc6s@ Mate 'orte: est un

sst64e de gestiond8analti7ue .idéo destiné V lagestion d8alar4e 2ro.enant de2lusieurs 2éri2héri7uesd8analti7ue .idéo, tels 7ue <• Beha.ior Watch < Sst64e a.ancé d8analti7ue .idéo@• rigger < ncodeur .idéo analt i7ue 2er4ettant d8e""ectuer des analses .idéo V 2artir de la ca4éra@• iSense < A22areil .idéo de co42tage de 2ersonnes a.ec ca4éra intégrée@'ount Watch < Sst64e de

co42tage de 2ersonnes ou.éhicules V 2artir de la .idéoca2tée 2ar une ca4éra 2lacéeen hauteur@• %étection de traNectoire@Intelligent #unctionalitie1• %étection de 4ou.e4ent@• %étection d8obNet stati7ue@• %étection de 2résence dans des ones dé"inies@• %étection d8obNets circulant V contresens@• %étection de dé2lace4ent ou retrait d8obNet@• Analse de la .itesse d8un obNet@'&M and echno2;le %e"ence and SecuritAll rights reser.ed ♥ 009 '&M and echno2;le %e"ence and Securit

March 009 *age 9

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