techniques to reduce femtocell manufacturing test...
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Techniques to Reduce FemtocellManufacturing Test Time
PageAgenda– Femtocell test challenges
– Improving Test Time and Throughput
• What is Test time ?
• Test faster with Measurement Sequencer techniques (SAMM)
• Increase test throughput with Pipeline and Ping Pong
– Introduction to the Keysight E6650A EXF Femtocell test solution
Wireless Symposium 2
PageAgenda– Femtocell test challenges
– Improving Test Time and Throughput
• What is Test time ?
• Test faster with Measurement Sequencer techniques (SAMM)
• Increase test throughput with Pipeline and Ping Pong
– Introduction to the Keysight E6650A EXF Femtocell test solution
Wireless Symposium 3
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0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Cellular Infrastructure Equipment ‐ Units
3G/4G Small Cell
3G/4G Femtocell
LTE ‐ Macro
2G/3G BSC
3G RRH ‐ Macro
2G/3G BTS ‐ Macro
Setting the Scene, The Femtocell Market
Femtocell and Small Cell units expected to grow at 46% CAGR from 2014-2018 to account for 90% of all mobile infrastructure equipment units sold in 2018.
Wireless Market Forecasts
Source: Infonetics Research, Dec 2014, Feb 2015, Mar 2015
Long-term drivers• Demand for indoor coverage• RAN offload for operators to
improve network capacity• Need for consistent mobile
broadband• ‘Home-zone’ applications/tariffs• >$100 per unit cost for residential
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
We are here
Page
Femtocell Manufacturing Test Requirement and Challenges
Calibration• Tx – Frequency, Power, IQ• Rx -- Uplink & Monitor Gain
Verification tests • Tx – Power, OBW, ACP,
EVM, SEM, Freq error• Rx -- RSSI, BER
Wireless Symposium 5
Test Items & Requirements Test Challenges
Multiple Cellular Radio formats
3GPP Specified tests have strict requirements for conformance
Incremental WLAN Test
PageAgenda– Femtocell test challenges
– Improving Test Time and Throughput
• What is Test time ?
• Test faster with Measurement Sequencer techniques (SAMM)
• Increase test throughput with Pipeline and Ping Pong
– Introduction to the Keysight E6650A EXF Femtocell test solution
Wireless Symposium 6
Page
How to Reduce Femtocell Manufacturing Test Time?
Wireless Symposium 7
Calibration time
Mode switch and Boot time
Txmeasurement
time
Rx measurement
time
One device, One test Set : Measurement and Sequencer Techniques
Multiple Devices, One test Set : Smart Scheduling Techniques
Cal Mode Tx Rx Cal Mode Tx Rx
Reduce measurement timereduce Cal time Mode Switch time
Sequencer (analyzer and Source)
Smarter Scheduling method
Cal Mode Tx Rx
Page
Traditional Signal Analyzer Measurement Concept
• Reports back a single measurement result every time • Need to switch between two measurements
Wireless Symposium
Burst 1 Burst 2 … Burst nMeas 1 X1Meas 2 X2… …Meas n Xn
Acquisition 1 Acquisition 2 Acquisition n
8
Single acquisition single measurement (SASM)
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Parallel Measurement Concept
Approach 1 : “Combined” measurements under one measurement mode
• Acquisition length is one burst• Reports multiple measurement results• Measurement BW is limited by hardware
Wireless Symposium 9
Two approaches to improve the measurement speed
Burst 1 Burst 2 … Burst nMeas 1 X1 X2 XnMeas 2 X1 X2 Xn… … X1 X2 XnMeas n X1 X2 Xn
Acquisition 1 Acquisition 2 Acquisition n
Page
Sequencer Measurement Concept
2nd Approach : Single acquisition multiple measurements(SAMM)
Acquisition length is n*bursts Report multiple measurement results No limitation on measurement BW Supports frequency fast switch and multi-burst results
Wireless Symposium
Burst 1 Burst 2 … Burst n
Burst n+1
Burst n+2 … Burst n+m
Meas 1 X1 X1 X1 X1 X2 X2 X2 X2Meas 2 X1 X1 X1 X1 X2 X2 X2 X2
… … X1 X1 X1 X1 X2 X2 X2 X2Meas N X1 X1 X1 X1 X2 X2 X2 X2
Acquisition 1 Acquisition 2
10
Further approach to improve the measurement speed
Same time, Many More
measurements!
Page
There are two independent sequencers in the EXF Wireless Test Set for Femtocell E6650A:
Source List Sequencer Sequence Analyzer List Sequencer
Each sequencer can work individually or in Synch with the other.
• Both sequencers can synchronize with each other by the use of internal triggers
• Both Sequencers can be controlled by a single sequence
Test Faster with the Sequencer Technique
Page 11
11Wireless Symposium
Sequencer Basics
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Sequence Analyzer Key Parameters– Acquisition Parameters
• Supports up to 512 pre-configurable hardware states.
Wireless Symposium 12
– Analysis Parameters• Up 1000 steps per sequence
• Defines part of the capture memory to use as a measurement step
• Each State has:• Radio Format• Frequency• Gain• Acquisition
duration• Transition Time
• Trigger Type• Trigger Delay• Output Trigger• Max Acquisition
length 2GB =256MSa
Each step has: • Analysis Offset (from Acquisition start) - Expected Power at DUT • Analysis Interval - Measurement Selection• Analysis Number
Page
Pre-Trigger
Basic Terminology for Sequence Analyzer
Sequence
Acquisition Acquisition
Trig Event TransitionTime
AnalysisIntervals
Acquisition Duration Data is returned to App after FPGA analysis here
Wireless Symposium 13
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Red Bar = Acquisition vs. Blue Bar = Analysis Step
Wireless Symposium 14
RFBIMM
Contiguous samplesStored in capture memory
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5
Freq Changed.Samples gated out(Not stored)
Acq 1 time
TransitionInterval
Trig delay
Trig event locationStored
Conceptual StepBeginning = Trig event +Trig Delay
Multiple Extractions of the same data allowed (and with different lengths)
E-Atten changeRequired, hence new Acquisition
Step 1 Step 2
SequenceAcquisition1 Acquisition2 Acquisition3
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Source List Sequencer• Signal is generated in ARB waveform mode
• Setup a waveform sequence with the same or different waveforms to cover one or multiple formats
• Each waveform signal can be configured with a different frequency and amplitude by using a new step in the sequence
Wireless Symposium 15
– Key Parameters
• Waveform Sequence
Segment
Repetition
• Trigger
Trigger Source
Trigger delay
Trigger type
Polarity
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How do you Co-ordinate the Sequencers ?
Wireless Symposium 16
DUT
List Sequence from DUT1. Channel 1 Tx, 0dBm, E-TM 1.12. Channel 1 Tx, -10dBm, E-TM 1.1 3. Channel 1 Tx, 0dBm, E-TM 3.1 4. Channel 2 Rx
List Sequence measurements by EXF1. Channel 1 Power2. Channel 2 Power, EVM, Spectral mask3. Channel 3 Power4. Channel 2 RX Test, -100dBm, FRC A1-1
TestController
Ethernet Hub
List Sequence EXF E6650A
“BERResult”
“Measurement Results”
“Start Sequencer”
Page
Typical Sequencer Test Plan
Wireless Symposium
17
Power, EVM
Power
-20 dBm
+24 dBm
120 ms
120 ms
120 ms
Power, SEM, ACLR, EVM,Time error, Freq error, OBW, PCDE
-60 dBm
2310 MHz 2310 MHz 2350 MHz 2350 MHz 2390 MHz 2390 MHz 2610 MHz 2610 MHz
2310 MHz
Power, EVM
Power
-20 dBm
+24 dBm
120 ms
120 ms
120 ms
Power, SEM, ACLR, EVM,Time error, Freq error, OBW, PCDE
-60 dBm
Power, EVM
Power
-20 dBm
+24 dBm
120 ms
120 ms
120 ms
Power, SEM, ACLR, EVM,Time error, Freq error, OBW, PCDE
-60 dBm
Power, EVM
Power
-20 dBm
+24 dBm
120 ms
120 ms
120 ms
Power, SEM, ACLR, EVM,Time error, Freq error, OBW, PCDE
-60 dBm
2310 MHz2310 MHz 2610MHz2610MHz2610 MHz2350 MHz2350 MHz2350 MHz 1900 MHz1900 MHz1900 MHz
Source output Uplink signal as a sequence to DUT
Tx
Rx
Triggers / Synch
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Fastest Measurement Speed
18
Sequence analyzer – LTE 20 MHz LTE-FDD E-TM3.1 example
EXF Sequencer
EXF sequencer: Typical Testplan
34x faster than MXA one-button application
Wireless Symposium
MXA one-ButtonTest Equipment Setup
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Increase Test Throughput with Pipeline
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“Pipeline” Test Scenario
Serial Test: 2 DUTsSerial Test: 2 DUTs
Tx-DUT1 Rx- DUT1Boot-DUT1DUT 1DUT 2
Tx-DUT2 Rx- DUT2Boot-DUT2
Pipeline: Test DUT1 Tx, DUT2 Rx in parallel; then swapPipeline: Test DUT1 Tx, DUT2 Rx in parallel; then swap
Boot-DUT1DUT 1DUT 2 Boot-DUT2
Time saved
DUT 1
DUT 2
Wireless Symposium
Tx-DUT1 Rx- DUT1Tx-DUT2Rx- DUT2
Page
TRX1TRX1
Increase Test Throughput with Ping Pong
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“Ping Pong” Test ScenarioOn a 16 port Test Set, you can connect 8 two-antenna (1 Tx/Rx, 1 Rx diversity) DUTsOn a 16 port Test Set, you can connect 8 two-antenna (1 Tx/Rx, 1 Rx diversity) DUTs
DUT 2
1
Boot up
Cellular Cal
Cellular Tx
Cellular Rx
Cellular Rx Diversity
Tx
Tx
Rx
Rx
RxTx
RxD
RxD
RxD
Boot
Boot
Boot
Boot
Cal
Cal
Cal
Cal Tx Rx RxDDUT 1
Next
1
2
Unload/Load
Unload/Load Unload/Load
Wireless Symposium
Page
Combination: Ping Pong & Pipeline
21Keysight Restricted
PageAgenda– Femtocell test challenges
– Improving Test Time and Throughput
• What is Test time ?
• Test faster with Measurement Sequencer techniques (SAMM)
• Increase test throughput with Pipeline and Ping Pong
– Introduction to the Keysight E6650A EXF Femtocell test solution
Wireless Symposium 22
Page
Traditional Femtocell Tx/Rx Test Setup
Wireless Symposium
MXG + XSA approach
Ethernet Hub
10 MHz
40 ms TTI Trigger Event
1 to 50 MHz Frequency Ref*
UL
DL
AttenDuplexer
Femtocell
MXA/EXA Signal Analyzer
MXG Signal Generator
Ethernet Hub
Classic
23
Page
New Femtocell Tx/Rx Test Setup for Manufacturing
24Wireless Symposium
EXF Wireless Test Set for Femtocell approach
Page
EXF
New Femtocell Tx/Rx Test Setup for Manufacturing
Wireless Symposium
Femtocell One-Box Tester approach
Ethernet Hub
40 ms TTI Trigger Event
10 MHz Frequency Reference
DL
Atten
FemtocellEthernet
Hub
Economic
1 UP TRX
RFIO 1
RFIO 2
Trig in
Ref in
EXF E6650A Wireless Test Set for Femtocell
25
LAN
Page
Keysight Femtocell Test Platforms for R&D, DVT & Mfg
E6650A EXF- Accelerate FemtocellManufacturing
• Lower overall cost of test• Test multi-format designs • Compatible with X-Series analyzers
and generator code
M9381A VSG &M9391A/M9393A VSA*
Simplify Signal Creation
Keysight Signal Studio X-Series Measurement Applicationsand Downlink Sequencer
Reduce engineering test development timeControl, Cal, Test
Chipset Software
Fast and Accurate Measurements
ManufacturingR&D and DVT
EXG/MXG
EXA/MXA
Signal Generator & Analyzer Modular PXI VSG & VSA One-Box Tester (OBT)
*DL sequencer and chipset control software not available on PXI modular products today
26Wireless Symposium
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Fastest Measurement Speed
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Advanced Sequence Analyzer
Execute test plans at the chipset’s highest achievable speed
Flexible & Capable• Designed for ultra-fast device calibration and
verification• Enables single acquisition with multiple
measurements • Allows precise control of
• test intervals• test levels• measurement timing
Fast Measurements
DL Sequence Analyzer
Wireless Symposium
Page
Highest Throughput and Yield
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Maximize throughput with raw HW speed and advanced sequencing
o Simultaneous control of all TRXs
o Maximize test throughput with full parallel test
o Get ultra-fast data processing with quad-core controller and high-bandwidth PXIe backplane
o Accelerate test execution with advanced sequencing and single acquisition, multiple measurements
Increase production yield with signal purity and measurement quality
o Best-in-class power-level accuracyo ≤ ±0.4 dB
o High-margin receiver EVM floor o < 1% EVM for 20 MHz LTE carrier
Wireless Symposium
Fastest, Most Accurate Parallel Femtocell Test
Page
29
Lowest Cost of Test - Reducing CAPEX Investment
Small form factor – PXI based instrument• Up to 4 independent TRX• Each is a fully calibrated VSA&VSG
Flexible License structure• Apps bundled with mainframe• Upgrade Freq. & BW (SW lic. only)• New radio format support (1 lic for all TRX)
Minimise cost of ownership• 3 year Std Keysight Warranty• Field upgradeable / replaceable TRX• Rugged N-Type RF connectors (for MFG)
4G_H15_EXF Femtocell MFG
Shared Embedded ControllerMeasurement App license
Signal Studio/waveform pack license
VSA
VSG
RFIO
VSA
RFIO
VSA
RFIO
VSA
RFIO
VSG VSG VSG
Page
Accelerate Time to Volume ManufacturingManufacturing Test Integration Program
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Quickly step your DUT through cal and test modes with chipset software manufacturing test tools
Control, Cal, & Test
Keysight Chipset Reference Software – ex. TAP• Save engineering time spent on test development • GUI and API for chipset control, calibration and verification• Tailor measurement parameters to your test plan• Generate graphical test results and logs
Collaboration with Wireless Chipset Suppliers
Wireless Chipsetsupplier
Production
Keysight Instrument
Keysight Chipset Reference Software
Chipset Suppliers’ tools
Chipset suppliers’ manufacturing test tools• Keysight instrument integrated into manufacturing test tools• Solutions verified by Keysight & Wireless Chipset suppliers• New chipset models being added to keep pace with latest
technology advances
Wireless Symposium
Page
E6650A - EXF Wireless Test Set for Femtocell
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Fastest, most accurate parallel testo Speed optimized HW and SW applications
measurement scienceo Sequence analyzer, SAMM
Ultimate scalability and port density on the manufacturing line
o Up to 4 independently configurable TRXo Modularity: repair, upgrade, extensibilityo Small MFG. footprint
Broad multi-format Supporto Cellular + WLAN X-Series Apps (DL only)o One SW license for all TRX modules
Backward Compatible with Bench Topo Same X-Series Measurement scienceo Same signal studio waveformso Consistent results between R&D & Mfg
Wireless Symposium
Thank You!
Page
Back up
Wireless Symposium 33
Page
What are the components that give us the overall test time?
Wireless Symposium 34
Typical femtocell test plan-- Flow chartCal freq
Ant# ≤N?
Switch Antenna
Tx power EVM
Freq Error
SEM
ACPR
DUT Tx RxBoot Cal
Ch# ≤M?
Switch channel
Boot
Y
Y
N
Reset Ant#
Ant# ≤N?
Switch Antenna
Ch# ≤M?
Switch channelCal power
Rx sensitivity
Boot
Y
N
Done
Y
N
Mode switch time
Mode switch time
TxMeasurement time
Rx Measurement time
Calibration time
Calibration time
N
PageWireless Symposium
Page 35
Femtocells are low-power wireless access points that operate in licensed spectrum toconnect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator’s network using residential DSL or cablebroadband connections.
Source: http://www.femtoforum.org
What is a Femtocell?
35
PageWireless Symposium
Page 36
Why Femtocells?Node B vs. Femtocell (HNB)
64QAM16QAMQPSK
distance
64QAM
16QAM
QPSK
36
PageWireless Symposium
Page 37
Serving NetworkGSM/GPRS/EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) Core & Services NetworkCS Core (Voice)
SGSN
MGWMSC
VLR HLRSMS
PCRF
PDN
BTS
BSC
PCU
Femtocell Indoor Architecture
MS
Um Abis
Uu
Femtocell Management System
PS Core (Data)
GSM‐ACS
PSGPRS‐Gb
PS
CSIu‐CS
Iu‐PS
Iub
RNCHNB Secure GatewayHNB‐GW
IP VPN
Home Node B
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)
NodeB
RNC
UE
Uu Iub
RNC
Iur
Radio Network Subsystem
Base Station Subsystem
HSS
S6
S7
GGSN
SGW
SS7/SIGTRAN
Internet
RX+
CSCF MRF
ISPADSL
CS Iu‐CS PS Iu‐PS
FemtoCell (HNB) Architecture, Air Interface, IP network
37
Page
What is a Femtocell?(in the Smallcell categories)
– Femtocell is a low-power wireless access point that operate in licensed spectrum to connect standard mobile devices to a mobile operator’s network using residential DSL or cable broadband connections.
http://www.smallcellforum.org/aboutsmallcells-small-cells-what-is-a-small-cell
Macro
Micro
Indoor
Outdoor/ metro
Outdoor/ metro
IndoorHome
/ Personal
Enterprise
SizeWeight
cost
40 W
4 W
300 mW
50 mW
RAN ArchitectureIu-b
(RNC)Iu-h(Femto gateway)
RF
Pow
er
Femto
Operator ConsumerDeployment &
Background management
Small Cell Types and Characteristics (original source: NGMN)
Pico
38
Page
What is a Femtocell?(in the Smallcell categories)Specifications Microcells Picocells Public-Space
FemtocellsHome useFemtocells
Cell radius 2 km max 200 m max 10-100 mOutput Power 33-36 dBm / 2-5
W250 mW –1W
1 mW – 250 mW
Number of users More than 100 30 to 100 Less than 20Controller signaling protocol
Iu-b Iu-b Iu-b / Iu-h Iu-h
RRH/RRU option Yes Yes No NoDAS usage Yes Yes No No
Application Microcells Picocells Public-Space Femtocells
Home useFemtocells
Low power outdoor sites Yes Yes No NoVillages and road sites Yes Yes No NoCity centers Yes Yes No NoRooftop sites Yes Yes No NoStadiums Yes Yes No NoTunnel sites (e.g. subway) Yes Yes No NoShopping centers, malls Yes Yes Yes NoIn-building sites (e.g. building / office floor)
Yes Yes Yes No
Home sites (e.g. room) Yes Yes Yes YesWireless Symposium 39
Page
Ultimate Scalability
160 MHz80 MHz
40 MHz
380 MHz-6 GHz1.1-1.8 GHz
380 MHz-3.8 GHz2.3-2.6 GHz 4.8-6 GHz
• Tailor your TRX’s measurement bandwidth
• Tailor your TRX’s frequency rangeUpgrade your TRX
hardware capability
with license keys
Buy one software license, apply to the platform (1~4 TRX)• Measurement application• Waveform packs
40Wireless Symposium
Page
X-Series Benchtop Signal Analyzer Portfolio (excludes PXI)
41
EXABalance the challenges10 Hz to 44 GHz, 40 MHz BW
MXAAccelerate in wireless 10 Hz to 26.5 GHz, 160 MHz BWReal-time spectrum analysis
PXADrive your evolution3 Hz to 50 GHz, 160 MHz BWReal-time spectrum analysis
89600 VSA softwareSee through the complexity
CXAMaster the essentials9 kHz to 26.5 GHz, 25 MHz BW
UXASee the real performance3 Hz to 26.5 GHz, 510 MHz BWReal-time spectrum analysis
Per
form
ance
Price
X-Series Code Compatibility
Backward CC with legacy
Inherent X-Series CC
Wireless Symposium
Page 42
AGILENT SIGNAL GENERATION PORTFOLIO (EXCLUDES PXI) Keysight Signal Generation Portfolio (excludes PXI)
PXB Multi-Channel BB Fading & MIMO
MXGPure & Precise9 kHz to 6 GHz RF Vector & Analog9 kHz to 40 GHz uW Analog
N9310A Basic Bench top 9 kHz to 3 GHz
EXGCost Effective9 kHz to 6 GHz Vector & Analog9 kHz to 40 GHz uW Analog
PSGMetrology Grade 250 kHz to 44 GHz uW Vector250 kHz to 70 GHz uW Analog 250 kHz to 9 GHz RF Analog
UXGMetrology Grade 250 kHz to 40 GHz uW Analog
Signal Studio Software
OML and VDImm-wave source
modules up to 750 GHz
Per
form
ance
PriceWireless Symposium