CHAPTER FOUR

LECTURE 4 ON

Technical Textiles Technical Textiles

BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY (EiTEX)

By: By: Bademaw Abate(Lecturer)

What are Technical Textiles?What are Technical Textiles?

Conventional TextilConventional Textileses• Manufactured primarily

for aesthetic or decorative purpose

• Fiber (natural or

Technical Textiles• Manufactured primarily

for performance or function rather than aesthetics• Fiber (natural or

synthetic) is usually first Spun into Yarn and then Yarn is Woven / Knit into Fabric

aesthetics• May be both woven and

non woven, and is made out of primarily synthetic and some natural fibers

Different fibers which are used in making technical textiles are as follows:

�Natural Fibers.

�Viscose rayon

�Polyamide and Polyester.�Polyamide and Polyester.

�Polyolefins

�High performance fibers.

Natural FibersCotton, flax, jute and sisal

� have been used, but their characteristic properties such as relatively

heavy weight, limited resistance to water and microbial/fungal attack

as well as poor flame retardency,makes them not very attractive fibre.

� Wool proves far less versatile and economical for most industrial � Wool proves far less versatile and economical for most industrial

applications, although it is still valued for its insulating and flame\

retardency properties.

� Silkis mainly used for surgical suture threads.

Viscous rayon:�Viscous rayon was used as re-enforcement material

for tyres, drive belts, conveyers, and hoses etc.

� Because of its high uniformity, tenacity, modulus and

good temperature resistance and absorbency, this

material is widely used for disposable cleaning and

hygiene products.

Polyamide and Polyester� Polyamide and Polyester fiber has high strength, good abrasion resistance,

good elasticity, uniformity, good moisture resistance properties. These are very

suitable for making climbing ropes, parachute fabric and sails.

� Polyolefins

� Polypropylene fibers because of its low cost, low density, good abrasion and � Polypropylene fibers because of its low cost, low density, good abrasion and

moisture resistant properties has gained a big market specially for sacks, bags,

packaging, carpet packing, furniture linings, ropes and netting.

� Polypropylene has benefited from a growing appreciation of the important role

that moisture wickening can play in hygiene applications such as cover stock

for diapers.

High performance fibers

�Apart from the above mentioned conventional fibers, a ran

ge of speciallity fibers are also available such as carbon

fiber, Aramids(meta and para), Phenolic fibre, PBI

polybenzimidazole, HMPE high modulus polyethylene, polybenzimidazole, HMPE high modulus polyethylene,

PTFE Polytetraflouroethylene, PPS polyphenylene

sulphide, PEEK polyethyletherketone.Glass and ceramic

fibers.

TYPES OF TECHNICAL TEXTILE� Agrotech: Agriculture, aquaculture and forestry.� Buildtech:Building and construction.� Clothtech:Technical components of footwear and clothing.� Geotech:Geotextiles and civil engineering.� Hometech:Technical components of furniture, household textil

es and floor coverings.� Indutech:Filtration, conveying, cleaning and other industrial.� Medtech:Hygieneand medical.� Medtech:Hygieneand medical.� Mobiltech:Automobiles, shipping, railways and aerospace.� Oekotech:Environmental protection.� Packtech:Packaging.� Protech:Personal and property protection.� Sporttech:Sport and leisure.

1. Agrotech1. Agrotech

• Provide protection against frost, wind, excessive sunlight, hail

Functions

Textiles used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, farming and fishing

wind, excessive sunlight, hail• Provide protection against

weeds and pests• Accelerate plant growth • Provide optimal ventilation and

temperature regulation

Sunscreens, bird protection nets,plant nets, harvesting nets, rootball nets and packing material foragriculture products.

2. 2. BuildtechBuildtech

� Concrete reinforcement � Interior construction, partitions � Insulations� Roofing materials� Awnings

Applications

• Strength • Resilience • Resistance to degradation by chemicals

and pollutants in the air

� Awnings� Canopies � Billboards � Complete textile structures � Wind turbines

Functional Properties

33. . ClothtechClothtechFunctional (and largely hidden) components of clothing and footwear such as interlinings, sewing thread, insulating fibrefilland waddings.

It includes the most promising field/future of textiles“SMART TEXTILES”.

Electronics embedded on garments i.e. wearable electronics.

4. 4. GeotechGeotech

• Construction of bridges, dams, roads, railways and paths as well as embankments and sub-sea coastal engineering projects.

Applications As implied from the name Geotextiles are the textiles which workin contact with Earth’s basicelements; soil, rocks, water etc.

• Support, drainage and separation at or below ground level.

coastal engineering projects.

Functions

Geotextiles to prevent soil erosion due to floodsor other climatic

5. 5. HometechHometech

• Household textiles• Furnishings • Floor coverings. • Carpet backings• Curtain tapes

Applications

• Curtain tapes• Fiberfill• Waddings for furniture and mattresses.

6. 6. IndutechIndutech

• Separating and purifying industrial products

• Cleaning gases and effluents• Transporting materials between

Applications

• Transporting materials between processes

• Acting as substrates for abrasive sheets and other coated products.

Most poisonous gases are discharged into theatmosphere at very high temperatures.Common materialscan’t withstand such temperatures without melting.

7. 7. MedtechMedtech� Absorbents, Bandages: Plaster of Paris Bandage, orthopedics bandage,

crepe Bandage, etc. Protective eye pads, Adhesive tapes, Wipes, Surgical gowns, Artificial kidney, Artificial liver, Artificial heart, Mechanical lung

Transplantation Eye lenses

Medical Textiles� Medical textiles are related to medical , related health care and hygiene sector.

� Medical textiles are combination of strength, flexibility and sometimes moisture

and air permeability; they can be of monofilament, multifilament, woven,

knitted and non woven fabrics.

� These materials can be categorized into four areas of application such as:

� Nonimplantable materials- wound dressing, bandages, plastersetc.

� Extracorporeal devices-Artificial kidney, liver and lungs.

� Implantable materials- sutures, vascular grafts, artificialligaments, artificial

joints, etc.

� Health care hygiene products- bedding, clothing, surgical gowns, cloth wipes

etc.

8. 8. MobiltechMobiltechSeat covers, seat belts, car carpets, air bags, tyrecord, composite panels

9. Oekotech

�Textiles for environmental protection.

�Used effectively against oil spillages in coastal areas or in open oceans or seas, separates water and oil(otherwise it is harmful to ecosystem)

Cigarettefilters arenonCigarettefilters arenonwoven textile materials.

�These filters filter the tar and nicotine.

10. 10. PacktechPacktech

• Bags• Sacks• Flexible Intermediate Bulk

Applications

• Flexible Intermediate Bulk Carriers (FIBCs)

• wrappings for textile bales and carpets

• Tea bags and other food and industrial product wrappings.

11. 11. ProtechProtech� Clothing against heat and flame� Clothing against mechanical impacts� Fire men’s protective clothing� Clothing against cold� Clothing against foul weather � Clothing against chemical substances (gas

liquids, particles)� Clothing against radio active

Bullet proof jackets, helmets andspecial boots.

� Clothing against radio active contamination

12. 12. SporttechSporttechA fiber named Cool maxremains cool even at50oC.

It is used in making track suits forsportsmenandwomen.sportsmenandwomen.

E-Textiles� Smart/interactive textiles (SIT) are materials and structures that sense and react

to environmental conditions or stimuli, such as those from mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical, magnetic or other sources.

Trigger or Stimuli

CO

NT

RO

LL

ING

The sensors provide a nerve system to detect signals

Response or Action

CO

NT

RO

LL

ING

The processor analyzes and evaluates the signals

The actuators act upon the detected and evaluated signal either directly or from a central control unit

Applications of Nanotechnology In Military Science:

�Military uniforms that change color to match the environment

� Light weight bullet-proof vests

Applications of Nanotechnology

• Stain/odor-free clothing & carpet

• Bug-repellant clothing

• Military uniforms that change color to match the environmentthe environment

• Light weight bullet-proof vests

• Clothing that scans your body for a perfect fit

Etc....

Global Positioning System-GPS

� Textiles integrated with sensory devices driven by a GPS can detect a user’s exact location anytime and in any weather.

� Interactive electronic textiles with integrated GPS enhance safety by quickly locating the wearer and allowing the suit to be heated. be heated.

� GPS can provide added safety for firefighters and emergency personnel by facilitating offsite monitoring of vitals.

Warning Signaling� A combination of sensors and small flexible light emitting displays

\(FLED) can receive and respond to stimuli from the body, enabling a warning signal to be displayed or sent.

� The sensors can monitor heart rate, respiration, and temperature.

� If vital signals were below critical values, a FLED would automatically display, for example, a flashing red light, and a wireless communication

system could send a distress signal to a remote location.

Thank you!