technical seminar presentation - 2004 presented by:- anupam pramanik(ee200118197) under the guidance...

Technical Seminar Presentation - 2004

Presented By:- Anupam Pramanik(EE200118197)

Under the guidance of

Mr.Gayadhar Panda

Presented By

Anupam Pramanik

Roll no-EE200118197

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYPalur Hills,Berhampur-761008,Orissa,India

THYRISTOR BASED FACTS CONTROLLERTHYRISTOR BASED FACTS CONTROLLER



INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Rapid Growth in Electrical energy combined with demand for low cost energy

Led to development of generation sites remotely

Electrical transmission network

Comprises of transmission network

Operate at different transmission voltages

Increasing requirement of power transmission

Increases in transmission voltages



CONVENTIONAL CONTROL MECHANISMMost of controllability exists at generating station

Automatic Generation Control



Excitation Control

Basic function to provide dc source for field excitation

Control on excitation voltage

Controls field excitation that controls generated voltage



Phase Shifting Transformer

Combining transformer connected in series with line to voltage transformer equipped with tap changer

Introduces phase shift in a line

Transformer Tap Changer Control

Many transformers equipped with tap changers

Control carried manually or automatically

Two types

Off load tap Changer

On load tap Changer



FACTSThe FACTS is a concept based on power-electronic controllers, which enhance the value of transmission networks by increasing the use of their capacity.

Operate very fast

Enlarge safe operating limit of a transmission system without risking stability

Replacement of mercury-arc valves by thyristors yielded:

Robust AC/DC converters

Minimized conversion losses

Yielded fast control on transmitted power



Basic Types Of FACTS Controller

Series controllers

Shunt controllers

Combined Series-Series Controllers

Combined Series-Shunt Controllers



Basic Types Of FACTS Devices

Static VAR Compensators

Thyristor controlled series compensators

Static Synchronous Compensator

Unified Power Flow Controller



Advances in Power Electronics Switching DevicesThyristors offered controlled turn-on of currents

Most applications were based on the natural commutation of currents

In special cases forced commutation were used

The present trend is to produce high-power electronic building blocks (HPEBBs)

To configure high-power switches and converters, thus eliminating the custom-design at the device level



Principles and ApplicationsIn high-power applications, semiconductor devices are used primarily as switches.

Thus a thyristor switch offers current control in a reactor, rendering it a controlled reactor

A thyristor switch is used only to turn on or turn off a capacitor, thereby implementing a switched capacitor



Parallel combination of switched capacitors and controlled reactors provides a smooth current-control

Shunt combinations of thyristor-controlled reactors (TCRs) and thyristor-switched capacitors (TSCs) yield static VAR compensators (SVCs).

GTO devices makes forced commutation possible, and therefore PWM converters offer a more elegant solution

An alternative to a thyristor-controlled SVC is a GTO-based VSC that uses charged capacitors as the input dc source and produces a 3-phase ac voltage output in synchronism and in phase with the ac system.



A control on the output voltage of this converter—lower or higher than the connecting bus voltage—controls the reactive power drawn from or supplied to the connected bus.

The functions of an SSSC and a STATCOM, in fact, may be combined to produce a unified power-flow controller (UPFC).

UPFC offers a fast, controllable FACTS device for the flow of combined active–reactive power in a line.



Energy congestion in critical transmission corridors must be avoided to eliminate the risk of missed business opportunities

A power-transmission company must make the best use of its transmission capacity and ensure that transmission losses are reduced to their lowest values

A transmission company must create the maximum safe operating limits to allow power injection and tapping from its buses without risking stable operation

Several recent projects have been undertaken to make greater use of semiconductor devices for FACTS

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

technical seminar presentation - 2004 presented by:- anupam pramanik(ee200118197) under the guidance...

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