technical report wrd94004 · first placing a wood/rubber seal above the mud. using the mud pump a...

Technical Report WRD94004

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Report No: 04/94

I MATTHEWS

HYDRO GEOLOGIST

AYERS ROCK (yuLARA)

Rl.'l" 16360

BORE COMPLETION REPORT'

WATER RESOURCES BRA."N"CH. ALICE SPRINGS

July 1994


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SYNOPSIS

A successful production bore, RN 16360 was constructed for the

Yulara water supply. The bore has a maximum recommended

pumping rate of 10 L/s. The water has a TDS of 1440 mg/L.

The water is drawn from unconsolidated Tertiary sands. Inert

casing and stainless steel screens were used due to mild

corrosion problems within the borefield.

SUBJECT

GEOLOGY

LOCATION

KEYWORDS

Community water supply

Borefield

Corrosion

Tertiary sediments

Ayers Rock

Dune Plains Borefield


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1. INTRODUCTION

2. BACKGRorJND

3 . HYDROGEOLOGY

4. DRILLING AND TESTING

5. DISCUSSION

6. CONCLUSIONS

7. RECOMMEJ)J"DATIONS

8. REFERENCES

1. WATER QUALITY DATA

1. LOCATION K~P

2. BORE LOCATION ~~P

3 . LOCAL GEOLOGY ~_~

4 . CONSTJl..J)j"T RATE DRAw"DOtVN GRAPH

5. PREDICTED DRAw"DOWN GRAPH

A. CO~..POSITE LOG - RN 16360

B. TEST REPORT - R."l 16360

C. GJl..MM!'. LOG - Rl"'J 16360

D. GAMMA LOG - RN 12452

CONTENTS

TABLES

FIGURES

APPENDICES


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bgl

EC

GWP

ID

Lis

kIn

m

mg/L

mm

R..1'J

SWL

TDS

!LS/cm

below ground level

electrical conductivity

galvanised water pipe

inside diameter

litres per second

kilometres

metres

milligrfuils per litre

millimetres

registered number

standing water level

total dissolved solids

microsiemens per centimetre

TECHNICAL SUPPORT BRANCH, ALICE SPRINGS

WATER RESOURCES LIBRARY, ALICE SPRINGS

\\lATER RESOURCES LIBRARY, DA.R.wIN

PAWA LIBRARY, DARWIN

PRINCIPp~ ENGINEER GROUNDWATER

AUTHOR

ABBREVrAT:IONS

D:ISTR:IBUT:ION

2

3

1

1

1

1


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1. INTRODUCTION

Ayers Rock Resort (Yulara) is located 440 km south-west of

Alice Springs, see Figure 1. Water is drawn from the Dune

Plains Borefield and there has been an average increase in

water consumption of between 9% and 10% per annum since 1984.

The Ayers Rock Resort Corporation believes this trend will

continue.

Following a request for further production bores sited to

exploit areas of the aquifer containing lower salinity waters,

bore RN 16360 was constructed.

2 • BACKGROUND

Since 1992 the majority of Yulara's water needs have been met

by bores RN 10490 and RN 12058, other~ise known as 'Diesel'

bores. These bores are 200 m apart and l:ave recolmnended

maxim~~ p~~ping rate of 23 L/s <L~d 7 L/s respectively.

Problems with the bores forking were experienced in 1991.

The alternative production bores, R1~ 13363 and RN 13365

('Electric' bores) are not being utilised as the water quality

is inferior to that available from the Diesel bores.

Utilisation of the poorer quality water available these from

bores would result in increased treatment costs and necessitate

expansion of the treatment facilities.

Three other production bores, RN's 12453, 12455 and 12458 -

located between the Diesel and Electric bores - were drilled

and tested in 1980/81. See Figure 2 for a bore location map.

These bores have never been used for production purposes and

were retested in 1992 with a drop in performance noted in two

of the three bores. The water quality is similar to that from

the Diesel Bores.


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When retested in 1992 all three produced rust flakes and rusty

coloured sludge. This suggested corrosion of the steel casing

which may effect the future operation of the bore.

Following a request from Technical Support Branch for two new

production bores it was originally decided to redrill near

bores RN 12458 and RN 12455.

Bore R-~ 12458 taps an unconsolidated Tertiary sediment aquifer

and casing failure may lead to an influx of soft sand and clay.

For this reason, a redrill near bore RN 12458 was undertaken.

Bore RN 12455 yields water from hard Proterozoic sediments and

casing breaks would not be expected to greatly effect bore

performance. A downhole video camera ~Jas used to inspect bore

RN 12455. The casing appears to be in reasonable condition,

and it was decided not to redrill. This bore should be

equipped at the recommended rate of 4 Lis. A redrill, with a

possibly higher yield due to more efficient construction

techniques, may be necessary at some stage in the future.

3. HYDROGEOLOGY

Outcrop in the area is sparse and consists of the Cambrian Mt

Currie Conglomerate (Ayers Rock and the Olgas) and the

Proterozoic wi~~al and Inindia Beds (The Sedimentaries). See

Figure 3.

In the Dune Plains borefield area the sediments were deeply

eroded and subsequently infilled during the Tertiary period by

a thick sequence of interbedded clays and sands.

Within the borefield, aquifers were intersected in both the

Tertiary sediments and underlying Proterozoic and Cambrian

rocks. See Knott (1980) for further details.


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4. DRILLING AND TESTING

Bore RN 16360 was drilled to 59.5 m with a 280 rom tricone bit

and bentonite based mud. 192 rom ID ABS casing was set to 59.0

m with centralisers placed 1 m and 9 m above the bottom of the

casing. A cement plug was set at the bottom of the ~~S by

first placing a wood/rubber seal above the mud. Using the mud

pump a measured amount of cement slurry and water was PQ~ped

into the casing to displace the mud and set the c~~ent at the

correct level.

The mud pits were cleru~ed and biopolymer mud used to complete

the hole. A 187 ~~ bit was used to deepen the hole to 68.0 m

~~d 154 rom ID, then 0.5 rom aperture stainless steel screen

placed between 57.6 m and 66:6 m. The top of the packer is at

57. 3m with a sump between 66.6 m and 67.0 m. A left hand

thread lowering sub is welded to the base of the sump. See

Appendix A for a composite log of the bore.

The mud was displaced with clean water and the bore airlifted

approximately 10 Lis for 30 minutes from 55 m. Due to the high

airlift yield, a breakback chemical to aid mud dispersion was

not used.

A four step and 24 hour constant rate test was undertaken. The

step test was undertaken at rates of 3, 6, 9 and 12 Lis. The

final drawdown was 9.5 m. The available drawdo~n was 26.7 m.

A 12 Lis, 24 hour,' constant rate test was also carried out with

the drawdown being 14.2 m at the completion of the test. Bores

~~ 12452,12457 ~~d 12458 were monitored during the testing.

See Figures 4 and 5 for constant rate and predicted drawdown

graphs.

No variation was noted in RN 12452. This bore is equipped ,·lith

unslotted 50 ~~ GWP to 140.0 m. The GWP should be cleaned out

(if possible) when suitable equipment is next in the area.

This bore taps the deener, hardrock aquifer and monitoring


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results may help define the relationship between the upper and

lower aquifers.

5. DISCUSSION

When drilling through the aquifer zone, the great majority of

the cuttings consisted of soft yellow and white clay. Sandier

horizons were evident with some well-rounded quartz grains to

5 mm. The sandier sections appeared to be in the minority.

Once construction was completed the bore airlifted 10 Lis and

produced only small a~ounts of fine sand and clay after the

first few minutes. Considering the alnount of clay in the

aquifer zone this was unexpected. The gfu~a log for both bore

R-~ 12452 and RN 16360 (Appendix C and D) suggests that the area

screened is the main producing zone.

To minimise local drawdown effects the pumping load should be

shared as evenly as possible between the three available

pumping 'cfu"tres'; &~ 16360, RN 12455 and &~ 10490/12058. Due

to the close proximity of bores RN 10490 and RN 12058 they

should be pumped simultaneously only when necessary. It is

suggested that bore Rl~ 12455 (4 Lis) and bore R-~ 16360 (10 Lis)

be pumped continuously vlith RN 10490 or RN 12058 making up the

shortfall.

drawdowns.

This type of pumping regime would minimise local

The water quality from bore RN 16360 is acceptable and similar

to the "Diesel" bores currently in use. See Table 1 for full

chemical analyses of.selected bores. Bore Rl~ 16360 has higher

sodium and chloride levels but with lower nitrate and silica

levels. The chloride concentration (423 mg/L) exceeds the

recommended guidelines for non-health related limits. The

water quality for bore RN 12455 is also similar to that from

'Diesel' bores, once again with slightly elevated chloride

levels.


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As such, the production use of bores RN 16360 and RN 12455

should have little effect on the quality of the feed supply to

the desalination plant.

6. CONCLUSIONS

A successful bore, RN 16360, was drilled at Yulara. Due to

mildly corrosive groundwater conditions ABS casing and

stainless steel screens were used to construct the bore.

The bore was test pumped and the reco~~ended yield is 10 Lis

with a pump setting of 57 m. The water is drawn from

unconsolidated Tertiary sediments. The water quality is

acceptable and expected to remain constant.

Bore fu'I 16360 should be pumped in conjuction with 'Diesel'

bores and bore RN 12455. This would spread out the effects of

abstraction ~~d mimimise local drawdowns.

7 • RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Bore ~~ 16360 should be plli~ped at a maximum rate of 10

Lis.

2. An airline and water meter should be installed on bore RN

16360.

3. The SWL and total depth should be noted each time pumping

equipment is removed from the bore.

4. A full chemical analysis should be carried out on each

production bore on a yearly basis.

5. Bore ~~ 12455 should be equipped at 4 Lis.

6. Extraction should be shared between bores fu'I 16360, RN

12455 and 'Diesel' bores.

Technical R

eport WR

D94004

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ed at 20:02:48 on 17/02/2010P

age 10 of 22.

,

I MaIysIs to mJI~rams per lfu. - m¢ (u~.., """""" "'100) ,

i

BORE DATE SPECIFIC TOTAL MiliUM POTA5S- CALCIUJ.I MAGNES- mon TOTAL TOTAt snJCA CHLORIIl£ SULPIIATE NllllATE BleARS- fLlJOllI1l£ (CALC COWflITS REGISTERED OF CONDUCT- DISSOLVED IUM IUU (TOTAL) lIARD- AtKA- OflATE FROII NU~BER SA!Apuna ANCE SOUDS NESS UNTlY CHLORIDE)

RN uS'cm TDS pli '" K Co Mg Fe caCO. CaCo, S.(O, CI SO, NO, IICOJ F "'CI

12450 16/05/80 2830 1380 7.5 279 31 104 61 0.1 510 237 27 421 200 37 289 1.1 694 Pump losl

01/12192 2360 1410 7.1 287 30 107 56 0.3 498 222 28 431 323 39 271 0.9 710 Pump test

16360 14/04/94 2390 1440 7.2 317 28 105 56 0.1 493 221 23 423 323 21 269 0.9 697 Pump tast -

-

- ...

-- I ,

. -NHMRC GUIDELINES ..., 1500 6.5- 0.3 500

8.5 400 400 100 1.7 Matlm. except pH rang.

,

- . -

AYERS ROCK (YULARA) ,

WATER QUALITY DATA , , , , TABLlf1-

, , i

I


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Figures


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« •

~ I ~

\ , ,

•

NORTHERN

/>--.\"""'0-_ ... \ ...... ______ _

z -........ ~ Yulara ~ ___ -c...;.. . ';-'''-__

Olgas' ,.-, • '" 1t~r'$ R~;c.'( ~ L .!ill!F.!L. J NATJONAL PARK

:.: \i.l ~ (/)

"' ;;:

SOUTH

TERRITORY

Curtln Springs

Mt.Conner

134·

ALICE SPRINGS

1 ----'.

AUSTRALIA 1 I

100 I

o 100 200 300 Kms

-----

, \tictoria

,NORTHERN TERRITORY

I :;:. .. , ~

Tennant Creek e • -4'r .r1--

HWY

1 ... , ~ I '%-•

I ,

-90 I · "0' ALICE ! I . AYERSR~ SPRINGS I tYUUJtl • •

.-- . ___ .J

,

AYERS ROCK (YULARA)

LOCATION MAP

FIGURE 1


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528.

12453 •

. , \ "',

ores .NewBo~

u .>

-ROCK I MT Q~,,>-\>

. . 5.27

.-'-

(.- (A '.

>-

Scale 1 100000

AYERS ROCK (YULARA)

BORE LOCATIONS FIGURE 2


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Oa Os

Pzc

Euw

Alluvium Aeolian sand

Ii (

'--1----::.

Conglomerate, arkose

Scale 1 :250 000

- Mt Currie Conglomerate

FIne grained sandstone and - Winnall Beds brown siltstone

PlC:~

"

}

AYERS ROCK (YULARA) LOCAL GEOLOGY

(after Fonnan at ai, 1963)

/~ ~ I , '

Cainozoic

Cambrian

ProterozoIc

FIGURE 3

Technical R

eport WR

D94004

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ed at 20:02:48 on 17/02/2010P

age 15 of 22.

,..., r/) Q) ... .... Q)

E ..... % ;: 0 Cl

~ a: Cl

"Tl -Ci) C ::0 m .f>.

o

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

r- ............

'" -I~-+-H-r-----t--- 1'1'-

1'-1'

, ~ -.~~~~~ , , '" ~~

f------+---f--+-+-I-+1-H------r-~--j--~I-~i_rT_----~--~,~~~~~~----_+--_r_4_4_+~ x......., ~~~ 1

I--------t----.-JI----+--I-H-+-I~---- __ ---+-__ -- -~. '" 1

~f'-.... . I------f---+-f--I--+-+-I-~ - - - -I-I--t-t-t------t---I-++-I--If-+-++-----+--+~.....,_I_++ .. ,~

1 .... 1'- . I------t---I--+-I---I--++++-------+---I-+-+- - - ~

1-------1--1--+-+-- .. --~ .----- .. -- .. - ---.- --- -. - -I----+--t--+-+--i-t-

~- ----.. -. ----. - - --f----f----t--t----H_t_ Q = 12.11 Us

L\'s :: 7.75m f----- --I--f- - - - -- .--- - -- -I----t--t-t-I-I----t---t-t----H_t_

r T :: 24m2/day - - --- - -

1

SWL 29.42m 1---+-11-+++-1-----1--1·-- f---I-+- -.-.-

14/04/94_f--___ _ ___ ---f---i--H-I-t-hf------t-+-+--+-+-+_

10 100

TIME (minutes)

1000

AYERS ROCK (YULARA) RN 16360

CONSTANT RATE DRAWDOWN GRAPH FIGURE 4

Technical R

eport WR

D94004

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ed at 20:02:48 on 17/02/2010P

age 16 of 22.

....... I/)

o

2

4

6

•

I---r-... Q = 2 LIs

~ -r-t-_ I"-... r--

""- r----..... -<l> 8 .... """ I'-i' r- ---- -- ---.... Q = 4 LI s

"I"--I'-... ............ .......... ----- ____ -Q)

E 10 ..... 'r-. ................. ....r-. ~ ..... . z ~. 1

C 3: 1 ct a: C 1 C W f- 1 U -Cl W 2 n: 11.

"T1

G> C :0 m 01

2

2

2

2

, I'- -::-: . t---.. ...... , ~ = 6 LIs ---....~ -

~I'-............. --- -I . --.. --I-----l---lHI-H"'H--k::----+---cI--H--HH--H 1"--" ............... .......... ----- ____

I -1-++++11--·1--\---1-·-· r- ..... ....... - ...... --- -r-.

I _.. ~ Q = 8 LI s ·1- - -.I-tt+~---=:~::I---t--t-+t+H+--+--+-++++++1 ~ ....... ~

I·· . -1--I-+--t-HI+t·I- .. -_........... -- -II---tr------t"'-ll:-+++H--+-+++-I-H+J ........... , n: .....

, -!--!--+-++++I-- --1--1- -1-++-++1----.... - " . - .. -.. lii H-j+J-....... ~::--II--++H--l+-H >, i: r-. >--......... ...............

I---+--I--+-.H+J.++-<t:.~.---...... _ ... _ Z. ~.. ~ __ ~ :-... Cl 0 "-....Z ...........

. r- ~. _ +-~ ......... __ ~ .. _. .~ ... + __ . ~ 0 -H-I+t----+--+-+--I--t+++1 o Z ~,

<-;;---_.. . ... _____ •...... .._ .. _., __ ._ .. _ ... 0 _. _, _____ _LL-'-::.-. _-'-_'----'---L--L.JLLLJ

10 2 10 3 0 7

SWL 29.42m 14/04/94

10

TIME (minutes) 10

AYERS ROCK (YULARA) RN 16360

PREDICTED DRAWDOWN GRAPH FIGURE 5


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Appendices


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POWER ~ -AND-~~ WATER ~ WATER RESOURCES AUTHORITY

COMPOSITE LOG OF BORE DEPTII BORE GRAPHIC (m) CONSTRUCTION LOG STRATA DESCRIPTION

0 +---~--~--~~m C>

5 - " .- '" "0 "'", 0_ ~

10 - - '" :1; ... -0 <n-0"0

15 -'" Ec: Eo>

..... E 20 -0>

<? "

25 -

/!

'" <= <0

· ...... Il-3 Ught brown SAND & clay with minor calcrete ··:·:·X·X 3-9 Firm, brown/grey, fine to medium grained, pooriy ::::'.:: sorted, subrounded SANDSTONE with minor .. .•.. ironstone · .... '9-16 Firm, brown, fine to medium grained clayey

~:~: :~: :~: SANDSTONE with minor ironstone & chert

...... 16-18 Soft, redlbrown vel)' clayey, fine grained SANDSTONE. Minor ironstone.

· . 18-21 Red CLAY & ironstone • . 21·26 Firm redlbrown & grey sandy CLAYSTONE

AQUIFERS (Water Struck)

'" o

'" .0

26-33 Interbedded grey & red CLAY with minor grey"Y SWL 26.1m

30 -

35 -

40 - ~ "0

'" '" "'~ " " '" 45 "' E a; '" '" '-' ~ E

50 - ., '" 2 x _ '" E " ~ '" 55 - "OJ .: ci ~ Q) lD "J:--f1:j 00. 1 t:'

60 - E ~:g IX E E E """'0 '" .~ 65 _ ..- 0_

< o E E o C> -

70 - Lowering sub Oeft hand thread)

2 31S' IF -

-

-

-

E '" r-'"

· · · ·

· ·

· . · · · · · ·

. · · · · .

· ·

& red claystone 12/04/94

33-45 interbedded, whfte, grey & yellow CLAY with minor claystone

45·48 Red sandy CLAY with minor grey clay

48-54 Soft while sandy CLAY wtth minor red clay

54-68 Interbedded bright yellow sandy CLAY with yellow line grained subrounded, poorly sorted clayey sandstone & well rounded, sub angular quartz sand

. "" 10 Lis

-

-

l-

c-

l-

c-

, AYERS ROCK (YULARA) RN 16360 APPENDIX A


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WATER RESOURCES DIVISION

TEST REPORT - BORE RN. 16360

l30re Location. Yulara

c~ient. Water Operations

rntandad ~se. Domestic

Nap. ".yers Rock

Grid Reference. 695421 7204342 ********************************************************************************* RECOMMENDATIONS

PumpiIlg Rate: 10 LIs Pump SettiIlg. 55 m below Ground Level.

General recommendations are given on the reverse side~ The aquifer and bore can sustain higher pumping rates with deeper pump settings or for short periods. Further advice can be obtained from:

Water Resources Branch I Nth Stuart Highway, ALICE SPRINGS, NT.I 0870

{In all correspondence please refer to borets RN number) ************************************************************.******************** COMPLETION DETAILS

Finished depth: 67.4 m Comoletion Date: 12-04-94 Standing Water Level: 29.1 m on 12-04-94

BORE CONSTRUCTION

Interval (m)

0.0 - 5.6 0.0 - 59.0

57.3 57.6 57.6 - 66.6 66.6 - 67.0

TESTING DETAILS

Test Date: 14-04-94 Test Rates: Up to 12 Lis Test Duration: 25 hrs

Description

314 mm 1D steel casing 190 rom 1D ASS casing 152 mm 1D stainless steel packer 152 rom ID SSS, 0.5 rom aperture 152 mm 1D stainless steel sump

WARNJ:NG: MiIlimum interna~ bore diameter is 152 mm.

Notes: 1. Top of casing as constructed was 0.5 m above ground level. 2. All depths are measured from natural ground level. 3. Test rates are hot necessarily indicative of sustainable long term

pumping rates ~

*********************************************************************************

COMMENTS

The above recommendations are based on a 25 hour constant rate test and assumes hydrological conditions remain constant.

&~ airline and water meter should be fitted to ~~e bore.

The total depth and SWL should be noted each time pumping equipment is ra~oved from the bore.

Bore diameter is 190 mm to 57.6 m, then reduces to 154 rom to 67.0 m.

*********************************************************************************

WATER QUALITY

See ar~lysis number /93/94

Prepared by: I Matthews

bore data APPENDIX B


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RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FJ:NJ:SI!ING, OPERATING AND PROTECTING GROUNDWATER BOllES

Atte.~tion the following points will ensure a long and safe life for the bore supply and help prevent pollution of the grou.~dwater resource.

1. Construct a concrete apron around the bore head to prevent surface flow, seepage and waste from entering the bore.

2. Seal the space betwee.~ the casing and pump equipment to preve.~t e.~try of vermini dirt and pollutants.

3.. Maintain pumping equipment in good order to prevent pollution. Prevent spillage of fuel and oil on the ground around the bore. Store fertiliser and other cha~cals at least 50 m away.

4. Keep stock away from the bore head. Discourage domestic activity at the bore. The first tap on the pipeline should not be less than 5 m from the bore head.

5. Pu."IlPing the bore a higher than recommended rates may fork the bore leading to instability or pump maintena.TJ.ce problems.. Seek the professional advice of an hydrogeologist or groundwater engineer.

6. If the bore is no longer required, the casing is to be removed or securely capped and the bore backfilled with clayey material. A cement plug may be required in some instances.

IN ADDITION, please ensure that the BORE IDENTIFICATION TAG is retained securely at all times. The registered bore number is Water Resources Division's only refere-'I'lce to the scientific a..l1.d engineering data on this bore, and hence .L"11P6rtant t-o i-iRDf s further advice t.o bore o~ners.

BORE LOCATION MAP

boredata


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GAMMA.LOG SCALE: 1 TO 300

without DEPTH CORRECTION

RN 16360 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

GAM>IA

-4.00 cps

WG STARTS AT

I

~:iiili;i I !,I"'"-:;:~i ;;;; .. =t

i -ii----ti --rl; -il---tl--ir-------T[-i[-ij

I, l! I ! I; Ii! '. . l j 1, • i ,:' I i ~ i I I ! 1 !

\ : ' I: ,

i~ , i ,

i i 'i i i ~ l

iii !;;~~, ~~~i~~~~~~;~~~:::li===tl ==J;===i:.===i, ==jl I--tl--:'--~-=:::::~~~i:~ i. ; , . i ' iii ; Ii! iii' j 1 :

I, ,,' '~' i" I"

~i.d=-! ---+-' -----'-----+-----'--+--+--.;--+---i'--'---'---------!

i I i~:.' : ! i i 1 1 i : j t : ! I i

~~. ---i;~--4;---+----!:_---'---_+i __ ~J'_ __ ~' ___ .,-__ -'-' __ -:;

i~ i I!: I

i

I I

! I i j

r--Tl--+I--~,~~~ , l i ! , , , , II

+-__ ~I---~;---~;-:-.~;==~~:'~--~,---.,_---L---1j---1----L---";--_~' ___ ~' __ ~, __ ~, I.i!~.jii i,. :! li.1 : i ,I, I I,!.:, ',I !

! , • • I I I:

I~, I-"'=-' I i

i~,' :~ ,

i i

iii : J 1 j ! L---L-~-~--L--L--L-~--'---~-~-~~-~--LnO~G'FENm'D~S~AT~·

1. 34m.

15.00m.

30.DDm.

45.0Dm.

60.00m.

67.7lm,

APPENDIX C


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GAMMA LOG

RN 12452 Top of casing

r--r-r-V

V k:>

j

s. :.. ."

~

(

'.

\

t>

~ '--

!>

I~

metres

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

83

APPENDIX D

technical report wrd94004 · first placing a wood/rubber seal above the mud. using the mud pump a...

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