nanoUtah 2007Utah’s Statewide Nanotechnology Conference

Technical Program

October 26, 2007Rice-Eccles Stadium TowerUniversity of UtahSalt Lake City, UT

Nanostrands.com

Sponsors

Media Sponsors

Exhibitors

EDAXwww.edax.com

FEI Companywww.fei.com

Thermo Fisher Scientificwww.thermo.com

Postnova Analyticswww.postnova.com

Manufacturing Extension Partnershipwww.mep.org

9:00

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9:45

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10:30

12:00

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4:00

4:15

5:15

5:30

Welcome - Pierre Sokolsky, Dean, College of Science, U of U (4th floor)

Keynote Speaker – Hamid Ghandehari, USTAR Professor, University of Utah

Keynote Speaker – Piotr Grodzinski, National Institutes of Health, Nano Medicine and Cancer Nanotechnology

Break

Technical Sessions – 15 min presentations by academic & industrial interests · Sensors & Devices; Patrick Tresco, Moderator (6th floor) · Synthesis, Characterization & Analysis; Pierre Sokolsky, Moderator (4th floor)

Lunch Break – Box Lunch, Posters & Exhibition (5th floor)

Opening Remarks – Frank Brown, Dean of Mines and Earth Sciences, U of U (4th floor)Keynote Speaker – Marc D. Porter, USTAR Professor, University of Utah

Technical Sessions – (6th floor) · Composites, Coatings & nano-Materials; Frank Brown, Moderator · nanotech Commercialization; Rajiv Kulkarni, Moderator

Break

Interactive Breakout Sessions – (6th floor) · Commercialization & Nano IP; Yury Colton, Moderator · Utah’s Nano Infrastructure; Patrick Tresco, Moderator

Break

Dinner Session – Sponsored by Stoel Rives. (4th floor)Opening Remarks: Richard Brown, Dean, COE, U of U. · Commercialization of Nanotechnology – Pearl Chin, President, Foresight Nanotechnology Institute . Best Poster award – presented by Ted McAleer, USTAR · USTAR Promotion of Nanotechnology as a Platform Competency – Ted McAleer, USTAR Exec. Director

Agenda

Welcome from the conference organizersDear nanotroops all: Top-downers & bottom uppers; bio-nano and nano composite, spin polarization, nano-particle, nano-wire, nanoelectronic, nanophotonic, nanomedicine, nanocoating; and even “micro-this-and-that” folks who help to interface to the nano-this-and-that… …and to the folks who were laboring in the realm of “nano” well before it became fashionable––and then funded––just because it was “nano”…

Thank you all for your interest and enthusiasm in this field of opportunity. Though not a common “discipline” among us, this is a scale or domain in which understanding leads to “opportunity”. Where the stuff of life can be met on equal footing with the stuff of science and engineering. We share a common need for a “nano-competency”: the ability to see and manipulate at the nano scale; the ability to interface that nanofunction which we have designed or manipulated to the macro world where our efforts are realized; the ability to train young people to think, visualize and imagine within the dimensions of shrinking scale. We share the vision that such collective “competence” can lead to improved lifestyle, economic opportunity, and perhaps even disruptive answers to plaguing issues facing our earth, and even society, as we know it.

We hope you will find in this conference the opportunity to meet people who can share your vision, or that your skills and insight can benefit someone else; that the synergies we create because we are willing to spend time together and interact can thereby improve our research, our schools, the collective lifestyle of our state, our country and world––and our children’s future.

Thank you for your participation.

--Ian Harvey and Tapas Kar

Conference Organizers on behalf of the many people who took care of details, sponsored, prepared and invested in the opportunity of nanoUtah ‘07

WelcomePierre Sokolsky

Pierre V. Sokolsky, professor of physics and a notable expert in cosmic ray astrophysics, was named dean of the College of Science effective July 1, 2007.

Sokolsky joined the University of Utah physics faculty in 1981 and was promoted to full professor in 1988. He served as physics department chairman from August 2003 to July 2007.

Sokolsky is a world-renowned expert in ultrahigh-energy particle physics, including gamma rays, cosmic rays and neutrinos. He is a member of the American Physical Society and the International Society of Opti-

cal Engineering. In 1999, he was awarded the University of Utah Distinguished Research Award and, in 2002, was named a Guggenheim Foundation Fellow. He has written several textbooks and book chapters and has published more than 200 papers, including 58 research articles in peer-reviewed journals.In 2004, Sokolsky spearheaded the U’s $17 million Telescope Array project located just west of Delta, Utah, to study ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays in a collaboration with scientists from the University of New Mexico, the University of Montana, the University of Tokyo Institute for Cosmic Ray Research and several other Japanese universities. The research site, which includes 560 particle detectors and three fluorescence detectors, covers nearly 400 square miles. “This new experiment will increase the sensitivity to the highest-energy cosmic rays by tenfold,” says Sokolsky.

Sokolsky also launched a long-term strategy to develop a comprehensive astronomy research program at the U, and to offer undergraduate and graduate degrees in astronomy. A minor in astronomy was approved by the University of Utah Board of Trustees and began fall semester 2006. A full major for undergraduates in astronomy will soon be established as well as graduate-level programs including master’s and Ph.D. tracks. He earned the Utah Governor’s Medal for Science and Technology in 2006 for his distinguished service to the State of Utah in science and technology ventures. In October he was awarded the 2008 W.K.H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics from the American Physical Society “For the pioneering development of the atmospheric fluorescence technique as a method for exploring the highest energy cosmic rays.”

Frank Brown

Dr. Brown received his B.A. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. He joined the U of U faculty in 1971 and has been a full-time professor of geology and geophysics since 1980. He served as chair of his department from 1988 to 1991, and has been dean of the College of Mines and Earth Sciences since 1991.

Dr. Brown was awarded the Rosenblatt Prize for Excellence in 2001. He was lauded as “a scholar whose abilities in the areas of research, teaching, and administration show an unparalleled devotion to his profes-

sion and university. As a teacher, his concern for students is legendary; as dean, his unselfish leadership and his support of his faculty have earned widespread admiration.”

As a world renowned geologist, Dr. Brown has worked on early man sites in Aftica, pushing back the date of anatomically modern human beings, radically impacting our understanding of the timing of human evolution.

Richard Brown

Richard B. Brown was appointed the eleventh Dean of the College of Engineering at the University of Utah in July 2004. He holds appointments as Professor in the Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and the School of Computing and adjunct Professor in the Bioengineering Department.

Professor Brown received his B.S. (with highest honors) and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering (com-puter emphasis) from Brigham Young University in 1976. Following graduation, he was a senior manager in computer-related companies in California and Missouri. In 1985 he received his Ph.D. degree in electri-

cal engineering (solid-state) from the University of Utah. (He was honored to receive the second ECE Distinguished Young Alumnus Award from the University of Utah in 2003.)

In September 1985, Professor Brown joined the faculty of the University of Michigan’s Department of Electrical and Computer Science where he developed the highly respected integrated circuit design (VLSI) program. Professor Brown has conducted major interdisciplinary research projects in the development of sensors, circuits, and microprocessors. He has won a variety of teaching and research awards. He holds 15 patents and consults in the areas of solid-state sensor and microprocessor design. He is a founder of Sensicore, i-sens, and Mobius Microsystems.

KeynoteHamid Ghandehari

Dr. Ghandehari received his BS in Pharmacy (1989) and PhD in Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chem-istry (1996) both from the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. He is the founder of the Center for Nanomedicine and Cellular Delivery at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. The focus of his research is on novel methods of controlled drug delivery using polymeric biomaterials and inorganic nanoconstructs. He is author of more than 55 publications, Executive Editor of Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, Associ-ate Editor of the Journal of Drug Targeting and Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, member of the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Nanomedicine and on advisory boards of

several other organizations. Current work in his lab is funded by grants from the National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Science Foundation and several other agencies. Dr. Ghandehari, a USTAR recruit, will join the University of Utah as Professor of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry and of Bioengineering effective November 15, 2007.

Piotr Grodzinski

Dr. Piotr Grodzinski is a Director of Nanotechnology for Cancer programs at Nanotechnology Alliance of National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland. He coordinates program and research activities of the Alli-ance which dedicated $144M over next 5 years to form interdisciplinary centers as well as fund individual research and training programs targeting nanotechnology solutions for improved prevention, detection, and therapy of cancer.

Dr. Grodzinski is a materials scientist by training, but like many others found bio- and nanotechnology fascinating. In the mid-nineties, he left the world of semiconductor research and built a large microfluidics program at Motorola Corporate R&D in Arizona. The group made important contributions to the development of integrated microfluidics for genetic sample preparation with its work being featured in Highlights of Chemical Engineering News and Nature reviews. After his tenure at Motorola, Dr. Grodzinski joined Bioscience Division of Los Alamos National Laboratory where he served as a Group Leader and an interim Chief Scientist for DOE Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT).

Dr. Grodzinski received Ph.D. in Materials Science from the University of Southern California, Los Angeles in 1992. He is an inventor on 15 patents and authored over 100 technical publications and conference presentations. Dr. Grodzinski has been an invited speaker and served on the committees of numerous bio- and nano-MEMS conferences in the past years.

Marc D. Porter

USTAR Professor, Department of Chemistry and of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah. Dr. Porter received his doctorate from The Ohio State University in Analytical Chemistry in 1984. He then studied as a post-doctoral fellow at Bell Communications Research. Since 1986, he has been a member of the chemistry and of the chemical engineering faculty at Iowa State University where he was the Director of the Institute for Combinatorial Discovery and the Microanalytical Instrumentation Center. More recently, he served on the faculty of the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Arizona State University, directing the Center for Combinatorial Sciences at the Biodesign Institute. His research team focuses

on the role of interfaces in analytical chemistry, including nanometric strategies for high speed, ultrasensitive biodiagnosts, electrochemically modulated liquid chromatography, electrocatalysis, organic monolayer films, chemically modified surfaces, scanning probe microscopies, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and acoustic wave sensors. He has published ~200 scien-tific manuscripts, given over 400 research presentations, holds more than ten patents with several more pending, and is a co-founder of four companies. His team’s work has been supported by NSF, NIH, DAPRA, NASA, USDA, USDOE, and several companies, including IBM and Alcoa.

Pearl Chin

Dr. Pearl Chin is the President of the Foresight Nanotech Institute, the leading nonprofit think tank in the U.S. on nanotechnology. She is also Managing Director of Seraphima Ventures specializing in advising on nanotechnology investment opportunities. Dr. Chin has extensive experience in strategy and marketing consulting, management consulting, operations, sales and marketing, and customer service, in diverse industries from small to large companies. Dr. Chin’s nanotechnology activities were profiled in Business Week Online, MBA Careers, July 6, 2005.

She is on the Board of Directors of Biophage Pharma, a Canadian biotech startup firm using phage therapy to kill antibiotic resistant bacteria and creating of biosensors for bacterial pathogens that can be used in disease diagnostics and/or as chemical and biological agent sensors.

Dr. Chin also has extensive deep tech research expertise. She was a Guest Scientist collaborating with the National Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Polymer Division’s Electronic Materials Group under the US Department of Commerce. She received a NIST Fellowship and a Henry Enders Graduate Study Scholarship. Her PhD research focused on characterizing nano-scale polymer films for electronics packaging applications using neutron and x-ray reflectivity and characterizing fundamental adhesion phenomena. She also studied nanoscale interfacial phenomena and effects on mechanical properties for graphite fiber reinforced epoxy systems for military, automotive, sporting goods and other high performance applications. To round herself out, she was an alternate finalist for a Congressional Fellowship with the Materials Research Society.

Dr. Pearl Chin has an MBA (Commencement Marshall) from Cornell University’s Johnson Graduate School of Management (JGSM), a Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from University of Delaware’s Center for Composite Materials, and a B.E. in Chemical Engineering from The Cooper Union in New York City. She also held a Series 7 license for two years so is familiar with SEC rules.

Ted McAleer

Ted McAleer is currently the Executive Director of the Utah Science Technology and Research Initiative. Prior to assuming this position, Ted was the Director of Business Development for University of Utah’s Technology Venture Development organization. Ted has 20 years of experience in technology innovation; business development; product, services and operations management in both start-up and mature corporations. He has been Chief Operating Officer for Teleoptic Digital Imaging, LLC and the Sr. Director of Implementation services at Campus Pipeline, Inc. He also has worked for SunGard SCT, Procter and Gamble, Pepsi Co. and the US Army. He holds a MBA from Harvard Business School, a Master of

Engineering from the University of Virginia and BS in Engineering Management from the United States Military Academy at West Point.

Moderators

Yury M. Colton

Yury Colton is an associate in Stoel Rives’ Technology & Intellectual Property practice group. He specializes in U.S. and foreign patent preparation and prosecution. His experience includes intellectual property coun-seling, due diligence for the transfer of patent rights, intellectual property litigation support and opinion letters regarding patent invalidity and enforceability. Yury has represented various corporate, university and independent clients. Yury has particular expertise in areas such as biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, chemistry, nanotechnology, gene therapy, proteins, and medical and mechanical devices. Yury earned his Ph.D. in molecular genetics from the University of Notre Dame. Yury also holds a J.D. from the J. Reuben

Clark Law School and a B.S. in microbiology and chemistry from Brigham Young University.

Rajiv K. Kulkarni

Rajiv Kulkarni holds a Ph.D. in microbiology from the University of Nebraska and a MBA from the Univer-sity of Phoenix. He joined the Technology Commercialization Office at the University of Utah in August 2001. Rajiv is responsible for managing a large portfolio of invention disclosures, patents and license agreements in physical sciences (e.g. engineering, computer science and material science), medical de-vices and gene and drug delivery; and promoting new start-up companies from university technologies. Previously he was the Director of the Office of Technology Development for the State of Utah, where he managed the Centers of Excellence Program, which provides grants to expedite the commercialization of

University technologies, to stimulate economic development. He has 13 years industry experience in biotechnology and agricul-ture, in research and development, operations, marketing, and business development. As Senior Scientist/Project Manager for a new start-up plant biotechnology company, he wrote successful R & D proposals and received SBIR awards and venture capital funding. As Vice President for an agricultural biotechnology company, he managed the global market development effort. Rajiv also has ten years experience in technology commercialization and technology based economic development.

Patrick Tresco

Patrick A. Tresco received his Ph.D. in Medical Sciences from Brown University and is currently a Professor in the Department of Bioengineering and Associate Dean for Research in the College of Engineering at the University of Utah. He is recognized for his work in various CNS tissue engineering applications and for his contributions to understanding how CNS tissues interact with a broad range of implanted materi-als. He presently holds 16 issued and pending patents relating to this and other areas of biotechnology. His group has published over 70 peer-reviewed journal articles and given over 150 presentations at international meetings around the world. He is a scientific advisory board member of Acorda Therapeutics

Inc., Hawthorne, NY and the Biomimetic MicroElectronic Systems Engineering Research Center at the University of Southern California. In addition, he has been a biomaterials consultant to such as the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, and a various Scientific and Professional Journals. In addition, Dr. Tresco is a Fellow in the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering.

PanelistsLynn Astle

Dr. Astle obtained his degree in biochemistry and the first part of his career was devoted to research on medical devices and diagnostic products at the University of Utah Research Institute and later as faculty in the Department of Medical Technology. He co-founded two companies based on university technologies (Bonneville Scientific, robotic sensor systems & Bonneville Microelectronics, integrated circuit design tools) and after their sale, he became the director of the Technology Transfer Office at BYU where he remained for 16 years. He is now organizing a company, Cosmas, Inc. to commercialize a nanoparticle technology developed at BYU.

Matt Delong

Matt DeLong obtained a BS in Physics from the University of Delaware and received his MS and PhD from the University of Utah, the latter in Chemical Physics. He has been affiliated with the University of Utah OptoElectronic Materials Laboratory (nee Crystal Growth Lab) since 1970 and has been a member of the professional staff there since 1975. His work has focused on materials preparation (synthesis, purification and single crystal growth, primarily of alkali halides) and characterization (atomic absorp-tion and emission, photoluminescence, X-ray, absorption and electron microscopy) of technologically important materials.

John Gardner

Director - BYU Microscopy LabDirector - Central Utah Science and Engineering Fair

Siva Guruswamy

Dr. Guruswamy is a Professor of Metallurgical Engineering at the University of Utah. He received his PhD in Metallurgical Engineering from Ohio State University in 1984. He is the director of the Magnetic Materials Laboratory, a Center of Excellence in Magnetic Materials for Sensors and Actuators. He also serves as Director of the Metallurgical Engineering X-Ray Diffraction Laboratory and Crystal Growth Facil-ity, and Co-Director of the TEM Laboratory Facility. His expertise covers a broad spectrum of materials engineering areas and he has made significant contributions in several areas including magnetic materials development, deformation of compound semiconductors, and lead alloys. His current work focuses on

magnetostrictive materials and hybrid thermal diodes. He is the author of a well-received handbook on “Lead Alloys: Properties and Engineering Applications”. He has published over ninety technical papers and 2 book chapters.

Chunfei Li

Dr. Chunfei Li is an assistant professor and facility manager for the center of electron microscopy and nanofabrication at Portland State University. The main duty of his present position is to supervise the smooth running of the facility, where he has trained approximately 100 internal and external users. The usage of these trained users resulted in approximately $150,000 annual income for the facility. In ad-dition to these day to day duties, he authored and co-authored several proposals bringing in instruments such as the dual beam Focused Ion Beam. He also taught and is teaching courses designed mainly for seniors and graduate students. He directed the research work of one graduate student and is directing

another. His current research interests include the crystallization process of metallic glasses, thin film preparation, and synthesis and characterization of nano materials.

Dr. Li received his BSc from Jilin University, China, MSc from the Institute for Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, and Ph.D degree from Osaka University, Japan. Before joining PSU, he worked at the National Institute for Research in Inor-ganic Materials, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Cooperation, Japan; Lehigh University, Pensylvania. He speaks English, Japanese, and Chinese.

Randy Polson

Dr. Randall Polson in in charge of the facilities at the Dixon Laser Institue, which is currently associated with the Physics Department of the Univieristy of Utah. The Laser Institute hosts a variety of scientific and high power lasers as well as numerous measurement apparatus. Extensive experience in custom software for data acquisition and device interfacing. Also hosted is a single instrument combining the flexibility of AFM, confocal Raman, and near field scanning microcopy (SNOM).

Kamal Rashid

Dr. Kamal A. Rashid has over twenty years of academic experience in both research and biotechnology education program development. During his career he has developed, directed and implemented biotech-nology training courses at Utah State University, Penn State University and internationally. He joined Utah State University in July 2000 as the Biotechnology Center’s Associate Director of Education and Outreach and Research Professor of Toxicology. He developed several educational programs including the Biotechnology Training Program, Summer Biotechnology Academy for high school students, Biotechnol-ogy Teacher Symposium, Biotechnology for Extension Agents and a Biotechnology Newsletter. He is also

credited with developing and equipping the bench scale fermentation and cell culture laboratory at the Center. From September 2001 to September 2002 he held the position of Acting Executive Director of the Biotechnology Center.

Prior to joining USU, he was a faculty member at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Penn State University. While at Penn State, Dr. Rashid conducted research on the impact of environmental pollutants on human health, developed and taught biotechnology undergraduate courses, developed and directed the Penn State biotechnology training programs, directed the nationally-recognized Summer Symposium in Molecular Biology for ten years and was the key person in the development of the Biotechnology Undergraduate degree and the course curriculum. He has established several cooperative agreements between Penn State and several international institutions. Dr. Rashid has delivered numerous lectures and training programs in several countries, including Dominican Republic, Egypt, Korea, Malaysia, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and the US.

Dr. Rashid has a long standing presence in industrial circles. He co-founded Cogenics, Inc., where he served as Vice President for Research and Development from 1988-1990. He is also the founder of the International Biotechnology Associates that has provided industry with consultations for more than a decade. He has established much collaboration with the biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries during the past twenty years and has trained hundreds of employees of these industries in bioprocess technology. He is an advocate of industry academia collaborations and has given many presentations at national conferences emphasizing this collaboration.

Loren Rieth

Professor Rieth received his Bachelors degree in Materials Science and Engineering from The Johns-Hopkins University in 1994, where he concentrated on solid-state physics and the electronic properties of materials. He then went on to complete a Ph.D. in Materials Science at the University of Florida under the mentorship of Professor Holloway, where he investigated thin film solar cells materials. After completing his Ph.D. in 2001, he took a Postdoctoral position at the University of Utah under the guidance of Profes-sor Stringfellow, during which he looked into fundamental phenomena relating to the epitaxial growth of III/V semiconductors. In 2003 he transitioned to become a Research Assistant Professor in Materials

Science, and later became a Research faculty in Electrical and Computer Engineering, and also the University Surface Scientist, which are his current appointments. His research is focused on the deposition and characterization of thin film materials for applications in electronics, sensors, and biomedical devices, and applied surface science.

Christopher Rodesch

Christopher Rodesch, Ph.D has been the director of the Fluorescence Microscopy Core facility since 2002. He obtained his Ph.D. at the University of Iowa in 1997, and came to Utah for a Postdoctoral position from 1998-2002. Since coming to the School of Medicine he has helped to facilitate expansion of the facility to include high-throughput imaging, spinning disk confocal and an automated microscope with environmental controls. In order to keep the facilities resources up to date, Dr. Rodesch has attended several live cell and 3D imaging courses. To encourage education of the scientific community, a course in Microscopy and Digital Imaging is offered in conjunction with the Core facility, through the Neurobiology

and Anatomy department each spring.

The Fluorescence Microscopy Core facility is dedicated to providing researchers with training and access to high-end imaging and analysis tools. Seven confocal microscopes and two widefield CCD systems are available to University of Utah and outside users. A variety of commercial and custom software image analysis packages are available for multidimensional analysis of timelapse and volumetric data. The emphasis is on training users to effectively use the equipment, and to develop processing protocols for quantifying data. Two full time staff including a Matlab programmer and a Ph.D level director assist in maintaining the equipment and developing custom acquisition and analysis.

Glenn Whichard

Glenn Whichard joined the Utah State University Technology Commercialization Office staff at the begin-ning of February, 2007. He recently worked in the Washington, DC area as a technology consultant and government contractor. He provided on site support to the Industrial Technologies Program Office at the Department of Energy headquarters. In addition to analyzing the commercial potential of DOE funded research at National Laboratories, Universities, and industry, he also assisted in the preparation of solicita-tions and the review of research proposals. In another contract position, Glenn managed the technology assessment and commercialization activities on an Army program. This involved identifying emerging

technologies that could address both Army and private sector needs. He led a team that prepared technology assessment and market reports, analyzed economic potential, and prepared commercialization plans. Glenn also spent time at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as a patent examiner. Prior to these activities he worked as a Product/Quality Manager at Praxair Surface Technologies, Inc. in Indianapolis, IN where he developed ceramic and metallic thermal spray coatings for temperature, wear, and oxidation resistance. He also led a team that developed new ceramic extrusion processes for manufacturing oxygen transport membranes for gas separation and solid oxide fuel cell applications. Glenn earned his Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering from Vanderbilt University. In addition to an MBA from Indiana University, he has a M.S. degree from the University of Missouri-Rolla and a B.S. degree from Alfred University.

Conference OrganizersIan Harvey

Ian R. Harvey (B.S./M.S. U of U; Ph.D. Colorado School of Mines, 1990) came to the University of Utah in 2002 from the semiconductor industry, where he was a microscopist, failure analyst and process development engineer. His resume includes the acquisition and use of four SEMs, including one dual-beam FIB. He also developed MEMS architectures and packaging technologies for MEMS and discrete electronic products, holding 22 US patents. At the University of Utah he is now the Associate Director of the Utah nanofab, a multi-user, open-access facility including tools for thin film deposition and patterning, as well as surface analysis and nano imaging. He has taught courses in engineering creativity, teamwork,

communication, ethics and leadership, but now focuses on his project course in MEMS, another lab & lecture based course in microsystems design and characterization, and a new lab-based course this spring on practical scanning electron microscopy. He is VP-Research in a MEMS company with students from his class (“Tech Titans” winners), and a partner in an RFID livestock tracking company with his rancher-brothers.

Tapas Kar

Tapas Kar received his MS (1983) and PhD (1988) from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharag-pur, India. After spending two more years at IIT, he moved to Sevilla University, Spain as visiting scientist for one year, and then spent two years at Hannover University, Germany as the Alexander von Humboldt fellow. On Oct’1993, Dr. Kar joined Prof. Steve Scheiner’s research group at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale as a Research Scientist. Since 2000, he has worked at Utah State University as a Research Assistant Professor. Dr. Kar is a computation/theoretical chemist and published more then 90 papers in peer-reviewed international journals. Chemical modification of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, III-V semi-

conducting nanotubes junctions, NLO, H2-storage are his active research areas, besides H-bonding in biological systems. He has several national and international (India and Brazil) research collaborations. For the last 3 years, Dr. Kar is actively working for a “Statewide Nanotechnology Initiative” program and nanoUtah conferences are part of this project. With other faculty, he started Nanotechnology undergrad courses at USU, initially funded by NSF in 2004-05, and organized a Workshop on Nanotech for community college faculty at USU on 2004 summer. He is also engaged and developing nano education and workforce development programs. Dr. Kar is also a member of “The Nanotechnology Group Inc.” a consortium for Global Education.

Technical Sessions: 15-Minute presentations by Researchers & Businesses

Morning Technical Sessions (M-T1) – Sensors & DevicesModerator: Patrick Tresco, University of Utah, Associate Dean of Engineering

M-T1-1 (10:30 AM)

Ongoing Research in the BYU ASCENT Nanotechnology Group - The First Successful AFM Nanografting and Nanoshaving on Silicon Dioxide

Speaker: Matthew R. Linford

Michael V. Lee, Kyle A. Nelson, Laurie Hutchins, Hector A. Becerril, Samuel T. Cosby, Jonathan C. Blood, Dean R. Wheeler, Robert C. Davis, Adam T. Woolley, John N. Harb

Departments of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Physics at Brigham Young University

This talk will begin with a brief introduction to an NSF funded nanoelectronics group at BYU (the ASCENT group), including a brief introduction to the five PIs running this group, their areas of expertise, and the equipment they have available for their research. A report will then be given of some of the most recent results they have obtained (see below), followed by a brief discussion of their future direction.

Recent Results: We report the first, successful, partial nanoshaving of octadecyl- and octyl- dimethylmonochlorosilane mono-layers on silicon dioxide, as well as nanografting of perfluorinated- and amino- silanes on these substrates, using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip. Even partial nanografting of aminosilane patterns can be used for DNA localization or for binding palladium ions to serve as seeds for electroless deposition of copper lines. That is, even the substitution of a small fraction of chemical species at a surface during nanografting primes the surface to allow significant chemical changes to occur in subse-quent processing steps. We characterize our surfaces using AFM, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, and contact angle goniometry.

Keywords: Nanoelectronics, AFM, nanoshaving, silane, nanograftingBroad area: Nanomodification of surfacesSpecific area: AFM patterning of nanofeatures using nanografting/nanoshaving followed by electroless metal deposition and DNA localization.Possible application(s): Nanoelectronics

M-T1-2 (10:45 AM)

Plasmonics - overview and opportunities

Speaker: Steve BlairUniversity of Utah, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Plasmonic nanophotonics is an emerging field of photonics that involves the manipulation of photons on a sub-wavelength scale via metallic nanostructures. This field has already seen commercial success in biosensor and optical imaging products, and is poised for further success in biotechnology and micro/nanoelectronics. I will briefly overview the field and look forward to research and commercialization opportunities.

Keywords: Nanophotonics, surface plasmonsBroad area: Biotechnology, microelectronicsSpecific area: Sensors, imaging

M-T1-3 (11:00 AM)

Nanoglobules for biomedical imaging and drug delivery

Speaker: Zheng-Rong Lu

Todd Kaneshiro

Center of Nanomedicine Applications in Cancer,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry,University of Utah

Rational design of synthetic biomaterials with precisely defined molecular architectures is of great interest in chemistry, biology, medicine and nanotechnology. Biocompatible water-soluble polymers have been used as carriers for the delivery of imaging agents, anticancer drugs and therapeutic nucleic acids. However, currently available biomedical polymers are mostly linear polymers with broad molecular weight distributions and flexible morphology. The broad molecular weight distributions of linear polymers and changing morphology of their conjugates can sometimes cause unnecessary complications of in vivo biomedical properties, including unexpected pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and variable biomedical properties. Recently, we have designed and synthesized three dimensionally symmetric globular macromolecules with precisely defined molecular architec-ture, nanoglobules, as a nanosized platform for the delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics agents.

Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with well-defined sizes have been prepared from the nanoglobules. The nanoglobular MRI contrast agents have shown many advantageous features over current MRI contrast agents, including well controlled and size dependent pharmacokinetics, high relaxivity, effective image contrast enhancement at a significantly reduced dose and low toxic side effects. The efficacy of the nanoglobular MRI contrast agents have been demonstrated in animal models for effective contrast enhancement in the blood pool and tumor tissue at only 1/10th of the current clinical dose. The nanoglobular MRI contrast agents are promising for cancer imaging and cardiovascular imaging.

The nanoglobules can also be used for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, including plasmid DNA and siRNA. They form stable and compact nanoparticles with both siRNA and plasmid DNA at low N/P ratio. The nucleic acid nanoparticles are readily internalized into cells. Higher gene transfection efficiency has been observed for the nanoglobules than some of the commercial agents, e.g. PAMAM dendrimers and SuperFect. Targeting agents can be readily incorporated into the nanoglobules to achieve tissue and cell specific delivery of nucleic acids. These novel globular macromolecules with precisely defined structures have a great potential for effective delivery of siRNA or plasmid DNA for the treatment of human diseases.

M-T1-4 (11:15AM)

Proton Conducting Nanoporous Colloidal Membranes

Speaker: Ilya ZharovDepartment of Chemistry, University of Utah

Colloidal membranes with high proton conductivity (ca. 0.01 S/cm at 100 °C and 100% R. H.) can be easily prepared by self-assembly of surface-sulfonated silica nanospheres. The proton conductivity is temperature and humidity dependent and is ca. 0.004 S/cm at 75% R.H both near room temperature and at 200 °C. Based on the comparison to the disordered pellets made of the same spheres we conclude that the high proton conductivity in self-assembled colloidal membrane is due to a more organized structure with interconnected nanopores. We are presently preparing colloidal membranes carrying sulfonated polymers inside their nanopores.

Keywords: Proton conductivity, fuel cells, nanoporous materialsBroad area: Energy productionSpecific area: Proton conducting membranesPossible application(s): Fuel cells

M-T1-5 (11:30)

Project course-based access to free micromachining: Constructing Advanced MEMS Devices Using Sandia SUMMiT

Speaker: Ian Harvey

Ronnie Boutte, Taylor Meacham, Nathaniel Gaskin

Nanofab, University of Utah

A hands-on project-based course at the U enables students to become acquainted with MEMS design and construction based on competition in the Sandia University Alliance design competition. If the design passes basic muster, Sandia will build a 2mm X 6mm chip area with as many designs as will fit, then provide released devices for the students to test. Results from two years of U of U participation have been: (1) a working microdeployable device resulting in a spin- off company and “Tech-Titans” winner; and (2) the invention and proof- of-concept of a brand-new SEM-driven MEMS actuator which will be described here.

M-T1-6 (11:45 PM)

Plasmon Capillaries: Photonic nanostructures for biomolecule sensing, heating and thermal therapy

Speaker: D. Keith Roper

Y. Dall’Asen, W. Ahn, B. Taylor

Univ Utah: Depts of Chemical, Materials Science. & Bioengineering

We have created several nanometer-scale devices utilizing gold (Au)-Silicon (Si) interfaces as nanometer-sized antennae tuned both to a remote source of electromagnetism like visible light and to nearby protein, nucleic acid or virus. The devices, called ‘plasmon capillaries’ are miniaturizable to <100-nm dimensions and ≤10-nanosecond response times. Light induces nanometer-scale electron vibrations called plasmons that can be used as both (1) a non-contact heat source and (2) a spectro-scopic bio/chemical sensor. Examples of new plasmon capillary devices we have developed include: a nanophotocalorimeter to measure photon-to-plasmon transduction for the first time; a nanoheater for rapid optical induction of thermal cycling in mi-croscale volumes; a surface plasmon resonance detector to measure sorption kinetics of live virus for the 1st time; waveguides incorporating nanoparticle ensembles on Si substrates with highest reported particle densities; a novel approach to measure protein interactions ≥1000% faster and detect virus ≥1000% more sensitively. These devices have permitted us to: create 3-D surfaces for optically-induced biosensing and thermal analysis; couple electrons to visible light in a new way to destroy bacteria ≥200% more effectively; identify new ways to catalyze protein interactions ≥1000% faster; distinguish adenovirus binding to receptors at femtomolar levels with no dyes, labels or markers; catalyze amplification of deoxyribonucleic acid gene sequences using only visible light. We give examples illustrating use of our new plasmon capillary devices and novel methods for creating Au-Si interfaces to improve detection, analysis, characterization and manipulation of biomolecules, as well as induce and control optothermal MEMs components and targeted thermal therapies.

Keywords: Photonics, plasmons, polaritons, plasmon resonance, nanoparticles, island thin films, adenovirus, proteins, calorimetryBroad area: Photonics Specific area: Biosensing, spectroscopy, optothermofluidics, analyticsPossible application(s): Improved detection, analysis, characterization and manipulation of biomolecules (e.g. proteins, nucleic acids) and virus. Induction and control of optothermal MEMs components. Optoelectronics. Targeted thermal therapies. Surface microscopies (e.g. SNOM). Enhanced spectrosopies (e.g. SERS).

Morning Technical Session –II (M-T2) : Synthesis, Characterization & AnalysesModerator: Pierre Sokolsky, University of Utah , Dean of Science

M-T2-1 (10:30 AM)

Detection, Monitoring, and Mechanistic Transport Simulation of Engineered Nanomaterials

Speaker: William P. Johnson

Ximena Diaz, Diego Fernandez

Geology & Geophysics, University of Utah

The detection and monitoring of engineered nanomaterials in environmental and biological matrices requires characterization of these distributed populations of nanomaterials in terms of size distribution, charge distribution, morphology, elemental signa-ture, and stable isotopic signature. The presentation concerns novel laboratory measurements being conducted in the CWECS ICP-MS laboratory at the University of Utah to characterize nanoparticle size distribution and elemental distribution using field flow fractionation (FFF) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM). Another challenge presented by engineered nanomaterials is our present inability to predict environmental transport distances. This presentation also describes mechanistic simulation expertise available to simulate nanoparticle transport in environmental media using parallelized Lagrangian particle trajectory approaches combined with fluid flow field simulations.

Keywords: Nanomaterials, Detection, Characterization, Transport, SimulationBroad area: AnalysesSpecific area: Detection, monitoring, transport predictionPossible application(s): Detection, monitoring, transport prediction

M-T2-2 (10:45)

Glass Nanopore Membranes for Single-Molecule Detection and Characterization

Speaker: Anna Schibel

Ryuji Kawano and Henry S. White

Univesity of Utah, Department of Chemistry

There are many environmental, chemical, and biological applications that require the ability to detect and analyze single molecules. The glass nanopore membrane (GNM) is a device that allows for these measurements to be performed through the utilization of a current signal. The GNM has a small pore that separates two solutions connected in an electrical circuit; a lipid bilayer is formed across the pore creating a barrier and preventing current flow. An alpha hemolysin (aHL) protein is inserted into the lipid bilayer, allowing current to flow. The size of the aHL pore is the first level of specificity to detect molecules as it limits the size of molecules that are able to pass through the bilayer. Often the channel is used to trap molecules of interest and this is observed with a decrease in the current signal. This method for trapping molecules has been successful for beta cyclodextrin, heparin, and DNA hairpins. In addition to detecting molecules, this system can be used to characterize molecular structure through the signature current that results as the molecule of interest is captured within the aHL channel. The advan-tage of the GNM is that it can be fabricated with basic materials and tailored to a specific size ranging from 10 nm up the 25 μm. Additionally this nanopore system can be used for samples of limited quantity and volume. At this point nanomolar and picomolar samples can be analyzed and approximately 40μL of sample is required.

Keywords: Glass nanopore membrane, lipid bilayer, beta cyclodextrin, heparin, DNABroad area: Chemical analysisSpecific area: Single-molecule detection and sensorsPossible application(s): DNA sequencing, drug screening, sensing

M-T2-3 (11:00)

Characterization of nano particles by Field-Flow Fractionation

Speaker: Soheyl Tadjiki

Thorsten Klein and Marcus Myers

postnova analytics Inc., Salt Lake City, Utahpostnova analytics, Landsberg, Germany; www.postnova.com

Field-Flow Fractionation (FFF) is a versatile separation technique for high molecular weight macromolecules and particles with the application range from 1000 daltons to particle diameters of 100 μm.

FFF is a chromatography-like technique, but the separation in FFF takes place in an open thin channel instead of a packed column. An external physical force is applied to the particles for separation. The particles will interact with the applied force at different extent and will be separated by size, mass, charge etc. based on the type of the force. The FFF theory is well-developed and the size of particles can be calculated without any calibration. The separation can easily be verified by examining fractions collected using optical or electron microscopy.

We will demonstrate that FFF is capable of separating a wide variety of nanoparticles in aqueous and organic media. We will present the size distributions of gold nanoparticles, water soluble fullerols and single-wall carbon nanotubes. We will also show how FFF can be used to study the stability of an emulsion in a blood mixture. Size of the particles examined range from a few nanometers to several microns.

Keywords: Nanoparticle separation, Field-Flow Fractionation, gold nanoparticles, water soluble fullerol, single-wall carbon nanotubes. blood, emulsionBroad area: Size characterizationSpecific area: Nanoparticle separationPossible application(s): Nanoparticles, nanotubes, emulsions, drug delivery

M-T2-4 (11:15 AM)

The demonstration and application of ultrasensitive electronic spin measurement techniques

Speaker: Christoph BoehmeUniversity of Utah, Department of Physics,

In this talk I will present mechanisms and techniques investigated in our group which allow the observation of very small spin ensembles as well as their propagation on very short time scales. Our work is related to the investigation of nanoscopic defects and electronic processes in systems too small or too dilute to be observed by conventional magnetic resonance techniques such as thin film semiconductors or paramagnetic fluorescent markers that may be used as beacons for optical magnetic resonance imaging techniques. I will present the state of our work on the development of electronic single spin nuclear and electron readout devices based on (i) silicon (a topic that will be treated in depth by Dane McCamey’s talk) and (ii) organic materials. In this regard, I will discuss organic spintronic device concepts and the investigation of performance limiting defects in organic semiconductor materials and devices such as organic light emitting diodes or solar cells.

Keywords: Ultrasensitive coherent spin measurement, quantum computer, silicon, organic semiconductors, magnetic resonance. Broad area: Spin physics, condensed matter physicsSpecific area: Coherent spin measurement techniques, semiconductor devices

M-T2-5 (11:30 AM)

Measurement of interaction forces and adhesion between biodegradable alginate surfaces using atomic force microscopy

Speaker: Birgul BenliIstanbul Technical University, Chemical Engineering Department, Istanbul, Turkey

Jakub Nalaskowski, Jan D. MillerUniversity of Utah, Metallurgical Engineering Department, Salt Lake City, USA

Interaction forces between polymers and minerals are of significant importance in the preparation of high-quality nano-biocom-posites. In order to explain of the quality of alginate/bentonite (MMT) nano-biocomposites, the interaction forces between a single polymer particle and flat substrates were investigated by using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) colloidal probe technique. The spherical alginate particle is attached to an AFM cantilever tip for the direct measurement of the interaction force with selected surfaces. The surfaces were prepared by casting and solvent evaporation techniques from alginate solutions at room temperature. The interaction forces measured in air, adhesion forces and surface free energy calculations are also discussed in this research program.

M-T2-6 (11:45)

Nanoelectronic and Spintronic applications of phosphorus doped silicon – Exploiting spin dependent transitions

Speaker: Dane R. McCameyDepartment of Physics, University of Utah

Silicon is the most widely utilized material in conventional electronic devices, and hold promise in the emerging fields of spintronics and quantum information processing. In this talk, I will review progress towards electronic devices utilizing single phosphorus donor spins to provide the device operation, fabricated using standard ion implantation techniques. Specifically, the ability to detect the spin of very few phosphorus donors (~100) by measuring the current through a nanoelectronic device will be presented, and the applications of this research in the direction of Quantum Computation will be discussed.

Keywords: Silicon, spin, nanoelectronics, electron spin resonanceBroad area: Condensed Matter PhysicsSpecific area: Spin detection in nanoelectronic devicesPossible application(s): Spintronics, Quantum Computation

Afternoon Technical Session I (A–T3): Composites, Coatings & nano-MaterialsModerator: Frank Brown, University of Utah, Dean of Mines & Earth Sciences

A-T3-1 (2:45 PM)

New Bulk Nanostructured Titanium Boride Ceramic:The Competitive Properties, Applications & Business Opportunities.

Speaker: K. S. Ravi Chandran

Shawn Madtha, Curtis Lee

Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah

Details of a new bulk nanostructured titanium boride (TiB) ceramic material are reported. The ceramic is made of extremely fine TiB whiskers, with their diameters in nanoscale range (50-500 nanometers) packed in a highly dense configuration achieving full density. The whiskers, grown in-situ at temperatures less than 1400C, are interconnected and space-filled to achieve this densely packed configuration. Unlike its commercial close cousin, the titanium diboride (TiB2), the nanostructured TiB material can be made at much lower temperatures, to any size and to full density, using conventional ceramic processing methods. Some of the best properties achieved are: 370-425 GPa tensile elastic modulus, about 800 MPa flexure strength, about 16 GPa Vickers hardness and about 6 MPa-sqrt(m) indentation fracture toughness. Comparison with a commercially available silicon nitride ceramic reveals that the properties of this nanostructured material are on par with that of the silicon nitride. The mate-rial is quite promising for diverse commercial applications including ball bearings, nozzles, armor and other such applications. Commercial manufacturing of balls and tiles is demonstrated.

A-T3-2 (3:00 PM)

Solid-State Synthesis of Nanoparticles

Speaker: Juliana Boerio-Goates

Lynn Astle, Brian Woodfield Cosmas, Inc./ Brigham Young University

A novel solid-state method of synthesizing metal oxide, mixed metal oxide, metal and mixed metal nanoparticles has been developed. Precursor materials such as common metal salts and a base such as ammonium carbonate are mixed together as dry materials to form a stable, complex precursor material. This precursor material is then heated at modest temperatures (~300o C) for approximately one hour. Dry powders of highly crystalline nanoparticles of uniform size as small as 2nm form and the byproducts decompose into common gases. Thus, no further purification or processing is necessary.

Nanoparticles can be made as the metal or metal oxide of any of the transition metals, actinides or lanthanides or as mixed metals or metal oxides of any number of these metals in precise stoichiometric ratios. And, these compositions may be doped with elements of Groups I and II of the periodic table.

Research and development contracts have been initiated for the use of these nanoparticles in fuel cells, high-performance ceramics, and nanomagnetic applications in collaboration with other companies.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, metals, alloys, fuel cells, ceramics, nanomagnetic particlesBroad area: NanomaterialsSpecific area: NanoparticlesPossible application(s): Fuel cells, ceramics, coatings, magnetic media, composite materials, photo electronics, batteries, microelectronics, anti-microbiologic materials

A-T3-3 (3:15 PM)

The Role of Nanomaterials in Lightning Strike Protection of Aircraft

Speaker: Nathan Hansen

Jeff Burghardt

Metal Matrix Composites, Midway, Utah

As aircraft construction moves from metal to composite materials, the attractive electrical conductivity properties of the metal aircraft skin are no longer available. This is particularly important with respect to lightning strike mitigation of aircraft. When a metal aircraft is hit by lightning, (which is about once per year per commercial aircraft), the lightning is usually harmlessly routed around the exterior, and exits the rear, causing little or no physical damage and no compromise of the electromagnetic systems of the aircraft. However, if a composite structure is hit by lightning, the more electrically resistive composite experiences significant damage due to the resistive heating of the polymer and fibers.

Current lightning strike protection schemes employ a layer of conductive metal mesh, wire or expanded foil at the surface of the composite. This results in considerable, but not complete protection of the composite material. This is because the resin and paint which holds together and coats the metal mesh are still dielectric materials. Considerable efforts are underway in a variety of aircraft sectors, both public and private, to incorporate nano materials into the polymer phase of the composite, thus also rendering it electrically conductive. This paper will explain the basics of lightning strike, review methods of standard laboratory testing for lightning strikes, and demonstrate some of the current and contemplated public domain materials concepts, including nanomaterials, that are being pursued to solve this problem.

Keywords: Lightning strike, conductive composites

A-T3-4 (3:30 PM)

Nanoscale Optical Microscopy with Carbon Nanotubes

Speaker: Jordan Gerton

Chun Mu, Ben Mangum

University of Utah, Department of Physics Scanning-probe microscopy techniques, such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), are powerful tools for nanoscale characteriza-tion of molecular-scale systems since the sharp stylus can be used to map extremely fine topographical variations on a sample surface. Although AFM is now routinely used for nanoscale-resolution imaging in liquids, and has been used to characterize the topographical structure of protein complexes and networks embedded in biological membranes, one important limitation of this technique is that unlike optical spectroscopy, it cannot be used to identify distinct chemical species. Thus, AFM provides nanoscale resolution but no chemical sensitivity. Combining the attributes of AFM and optical spectroscopy leads to the intrigu-ing possibility of obtaining both molecular-scale resolution and chemical specificity. Here we describe recent progress toward nanoscale imaging of molecular systems using apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy (ANSOM), a technique that combines AFM and optical spectroscopy. In particular, we demonstrate that both the resolution (~10 nm) and sensitivity of ANSOM make it promising for imaging molecular-scale biological systems in situ. Further, we report the first use of carbon nanotubes as nano-optical probes in fluorescence microscopy.

Keywords: Nanoscale optical microscopy; biophysics; carbon nanotubes

A-T3-5 (3:45 PM)

Designer Plasmonic Structures and Assemblies with Tunable Optical Properties

Speaker: Jennifer S. Shumaker-ParryDepartment of Chemistry, University of Utah

Structural control and assembly of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are major challenges in the field of plasmonics. Structural control allows optical properties of MNPs to be tailored for specific applications and MNP assembly is critical for integration into devices and to build complex 3-dimensional systems with well-controlled functionality (e.g., optical or electronic properties). We are investigating how structural design and assembly can be used to control the optical properties of plasmonic materials with a focus on plasmon resonance wavelength tunability and localized electromagnetic field enhancements. We have developed methods for well-controlled assembly of MNPs into assemblies, including 1-D chain structures. In addition, we are using fabrica-tion techniques to prepare plasmonic structures with unique and highly-tunable optical properties. The ability to control plasmon resonance wavelength and the magnitude and the extent of localization of electromagnetic field enhancements is critical for optimizing signals in surface-enhanced spectroscopies and to control the sensitivity and the sensing depth in spectroscopy and sensing applications.

Keywords: Metal nanoparticles, plasmonics, spectroscopyBroad area: Nanomaterials for plasmonicsSpecific area: Plasmonic structure fabrication and metal nanoparticle assemblyPossible application(s): Spectroscopy, sensing, devices

Afternoon Technical Session II (A -T4): Commercialization of nanotechnologyModerator: Dr. Rajiv Kulkarni, University of Utah, Technology Commercialization Office

A-T4-1 (2:45 PM)

A Better Way to Commercialize Nanotechnology: Building Bridges

Speaker: Gary L. SamuelsonNanotechnology Research Corporation: Independent Science Advisor to NLC Labs, Inc. and Medical Management Research, Inc.

Commercialization of nanotechnology requires by necessity the involvement of industry. Five-star leadership, good marketing and well-designed production facilities will assure the success of almost any business. However, these are generally the very resources that research institutions lack and technology spin-offs are forced to establish at a heavy cost. Being that the mission of most research institutions is to educate students and increase our fundamental knowledge base, and not to be competitive entrepreneurs in industry, the burden of technology commercialization must fall squarely on industry. The broad range of ap-plications and ample financial markets promised from nanotechnology affords us the unique opportunity to build and strengthen the bridge between research institutions (that have the new technology but lack funds) and industry (that needs this technology and have funds). The obstacles to building such bridges are discussed and a concrete example is provided of successful com-mercialization. A model is then presented on how a single well-organized business enterprise can be used as part of the ideal bridge to commercialize not just one, but many promising technologies.

Keywords: Commercialization, Technology Transfer, Marketing, Applications, Funding, Collaboration, Industry, Busi-ness, Spin-offs, products, market viability, rapid prototyping, alliances, industrial partners, perceived riskBroad area: Nanotechnology CommercializationSpecific area: Consulting

A-T4-2 (3:00PM)

Building A New Venture

Speaker: Oliver Schreiber

LaRoy Page

PromoTech Partners LLC

Two-part presentation: part one focuses on building a new business from a general, business perspective, part two includes a specific, practical example. Part 1 of PowerPoint presentation: (overview)

1. Opportunity: 2. Solution (product):3. Context Strategy, and time horizon:4. Organizational, financial, and other resources available:5. Financial returns to participants and risk considerations:

Part 2: In cooperation with TCO of the U of U (U-4060) the specific business opportunity example is Graphite Nanoribbons (excerpt):

“The major obstacles to photovoltaic use throughout the world are cell efficiency and cell cost. This technology presents a novel carbon nanoribbon Schottky barrier solar cell design using photolithographically patterned graphite (a stack of grapheme sheets) as the photovoltaic elements. This improves upon the inventors’carbon nanotube Schottky barrier photovoltaic cell. The nanopatterning method solves the problem of opacity and quantum efficiency and eliminates issues with the optimum length of the nanoribbons. No sorting is necessary. Contact formation is simplified.” (TCO website)

Keywords: Nanotechnology Commercialization, Solar-technologyBroad area: Solar Energy ConversionSpecific area: Photovoltaic, Graphite Nanoribbons Possible application(s): Conversion of sunlight into electricity, as part of the advancement of clean energy.

A-T4-3 (3:15 PM)

Utah Fund of Funds Working for Utah Entrepreneurs

Speaker: Ben ForsythUtah Fund of Funds

The Utah Fund of Funds is dedicated to increasing the capital pool for Utah entrepreneurs. We are a $100 million State of Utah economic development program aimed at providing access of alternative or non-traditional capital. We invest in venture capital and private equity funds that commit to establishing a working relationship with the Utah Fund of Funds, Utah’s start-up and business community and commit to making investments in qualifying companies.

A-T4-4 (3:30 PM)

EBSD (Electron Backscattered Diffraction)–Applications in nanotechnology

Speaker: Matt NowellEDAX/TSL Draper, Utah

With the pending arrival of the new FEI Quanta FE-ESEM at the University of Utah, comes a fully integrated EDAX energy disper-sive X-Ray analyzer for elemental analysis and mapping. EBSD offers the additional capability of measuring crystal orientation, grain texture mapping, and even mapping local lattice strain. This talk will emphasize applications of EBSD of interest to nanotech researchers having access to SEM. These capabilities also exist within the BYU Electron Microscopy laboratories.

Poster SessionP1

Evaluation of Novel Post-CMP Cleaning Solutions

Lukasz Hupka, Jakub Nalaskowski and Jan D. MillerDepartment of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Utah

As the wafer structures become smaller and more fragile, it is crucial to confront the impact of different manufacturing steps, including the process of cleaning, with the strength of wafer structures. The force required to remove a contaminant should be close to force that is damaging to a structure in order to maximize particle removal efficiency, but not higher than this force in order to avoid structure damage.

Interfacial interaction forces and adhesion between particulate contaminant and the surface play a key role in the understanding of post-CMP and post-lapping cleaning processes. In order to facilitate removal and prevent re-deposition of submicron particles on the surface understanding and regulation of these forces is required.

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) besides being an imaging tool proves to be an indispensable instrument to characterize interac-tion forces, lateral forces, and adhesion between micron and submicron contaminant particles and cleaned surfaces in air and liquid. Using the AFM colloidal probe technique interaction forces and adhesion can be measured between single particles of contaminant and the surface of interest. Influence of system variables, including type of surfactant (or other additive), pH, and ionic strength can be quantitatively measured and optimized at the fundamental level.

Redeposition of particulates from cleaning bath is also discussed. 30-40 nm alumina contaminant particles suspended in different cleaning solutions were collided with wafer surface using impinging jet cell and the amount of contaminant left after impinging was investigated using AFM. These results are correlated with interfacial forces measured between the particles and the surface.

Keywords: Wafer cleaning, post-CMP, AFM, interaction forces, SC1 alternative, cleaning solutions, colloidal probe, adhesion Broad area: SemiconductorSpecific area: Wafer CleaningPossible application(s): Alternative to SC1 cleaning (Better PRE, lower etch rate)

P2

Integrating biotechnology training, services and research at Utah State University

Kamal Rashid & Mark SignsCenter for Integrated BiosystemsUtah State UniversityLogan, UtahThe Center for Integrated BioSystems (CIB) at Utah State University represents a novel approach in bringing a broad spectrum of instrumental and intellectual resources to the needs of academic, industrial and governmental entities, both in the U.S. and internationally.

The Biotechnology and Bioprocessing Training Program annually offers a series of week-long hands-on courses in the traditional areas of animal cell culture, microbial fermentation, protein purification, plus new courses in proteomics, gene expression analysis, and bioinformatics. Outreach efforts have established collaborative training programs in Singapore, Thailand, and the Dominican Republic.

Built on the foundation of traditional core facility offerings, the CIB offers both bioprocessing capability to the industrial microbiologi-cal community and cutting edge analytical services in the fields of genomics, proteomics. metabolomics, and bioinformatics.

Using a unique integrated base of laboratory research capability and diverse analytical instrumentation, CIB personnel collabo-rate with researchers on-campus and around the world to tackle biological questions suited to the Center’s suite of expertise. This outreach both strengthens the research efforts at Utah State University and establishes bridges to institutions in other states and countries.

Keywords: BioSystems, Biotechnology, Bioprocessing,Genomics, ProteomicsBroad area: Life Sciences and Biological EngineeringSpecific area: Systems BiologyPossible application(s): Academic, industrial and government entities both in US and internationally

P3

Fabrication of Glass Microfluidic Devices

Niel Crews†, Brian Baker‡, Bruce Gale†

† Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah‡ University of Utah Nanofab

The University of Utah Microfabrication Core Laboratory now possesses the technical expertise to fabricate glass microfluidic devices. High quality microscope slides are being used as the substrate material. The glass is masked with layers of chromium and photoresist, and then patterned with a wet etchant solution. Glass to glass fusion bonding is used to enclose the etched troughs, forming microfluidic channels that can be accessed by through holes drilled in the glass. This fabrication protocol has been used to manufacture prototypes of varying geometry and complexity for affiliated research laboratories.

Keywords: Microfabrication, microfluidics, medical devicesBroad area: FabricationSpecific area: Microfluidic devicesPossible application(s): Miniaturized medical diagnostics, micro- chemical reactors

P4

Affect of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles on root colonizing bacteria, and plant growth.

Priyanka Gajjar1, Sara Parker1, Brian Pettee2, Charles Miller2, Anne Anderson2, Dave Hoyt1, Neil Etherington1, David Britt1

Biological and Irrigation Engineering1 and Biology2 Departments, Utah State University

Nanoparticles are produced for many purposes, yet little is understood about their impact on the environment. Metal nano-particles are being examined for their antibacterial activity. In this study we compare the effect of silver and copper oxide nanoparticles on bacteria that colonize plant roots and the growth of barley and cucumber; plant growth can be affected by microbial root colonization. The affect of the nanoparticles on bacterial metabolism was studied in biosensors of the rhizosphere bacterium, Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440. This strain harbored a plasmid where a metal-responsive promoter was fused to luxAB genes endowing the cells with light production. Lux in the biosensor was decreased with Ag- and CuO-nanoparticles in a dose- and time-dependent manner; however, the cells were more responsive to the free metal ions. For the plant study, seeds were planted in sterile sand amended with nanoparticles. For both studies controls involved treatments with sterile water (control), the background solution for the Ag-nanoparticles and Ag+ or Cu++ free ions. Seedlings grown at 28 ºC had shoot height and root lengths assessed at harvest. In barley, shoot height was decreased by Ag- and CuO-nanoparticles; root length was reduced strongly by CuO. In cucumber there was little affect of nanoparticles on shoot height but there was a trend for reduced root length. The presence of metals as free ions or in nanoparticles did not prevent the colonization of the root surfaces by microbes that were seed-borne. The findings suggest that nanoparticles may have an impact on bacterial metabolism and root length dependent on composition and dose.

Keywords: Nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, plant growth, barley, cucumberBroad area: Metallic nanoparticlesSpecific area: Environmental impactPossible application(s): Seed treatments

P5

Gold Nanocrescents with Highly Tunable Infrared Plasmonic Properties: Application in Spectroscopy

Rostislav BukasovUU Chemistry Dept., Dr.Jennifer Shumaker-Parry group

Gold crescent-shaped nano-objects with tunable plasmon resonance properties were fabricated on a surface with well-defined size, shape and uniform orientation. The crescents exhibit strong plasmon resonances in the near-infrared and infrared regions (1000-4050 nm) with higher experimentally obtained effective optical extinction cross section ( up to 40 with well polarized light ) than that for any nanoparticle previously reported in the literature. Those resonances are demonstrated by narrow peaks (WHM as narrow as 0.07eV) with very high (above 2) figures of merit. When NCs are probed as a substrate for surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy, high (about 1000) enhancement factors are obtained. The crescents also are highly sensitive to changes in the local dielectric environment (up to 880 nm/RIU), as much as any nano-object reported in literature. Decay length of this sensitivity (and so a sensing volume) is tunable and it may be higher than that for other NPs described in litera-ture. At present it is under further investigation to pave a way for NC applications as a substrate for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, plasmons, LSPR, infrared, SERS, thiol SAMBroad area: PlasmonicsSpecific area: Anisotropic nanoparticles Possible application(s):,SERS, LSPR and plasmon-enchanced fluorescence spectroscopy.

P6

Out-of-Plane Cellular Manipulator: A MEMS Microinjector

Quentin Aten, Brian Jensen, Larry Howell, Sandra BurnettBrigham Young University

Genetic and genomic research has expanded greatly in the last 20 years. The introduction of foreign DNA and dsRNA into individual cells through microinjection has become an important aspect of genetic and genomic research. These tools allow scientists to add new genes or silence existing genes within an organism. The current techniques and equipment used in micro-injection are complex, costly, and time intensive. A partially compliant microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device (The Out-of-plane Cellular Manipulator, or OPCeM) having the functionality of macro-sized microinjectors is presented. Prototype devices have been fabricated using the PolyMUMPS fabrication process. The prototypes have validated the mechanical design principles, and have validated electrostatic attraction and repulsion of DNA in hypotonic and isotonic solutions. The OPCeM is smaller, simpler, more cost effective, and has the possibility of full automation with the addition of a suitable actuator.

Keywords: MEMS, Microinjection, Nuclear Microinjection, DNA, GeneticsBroad area: MEMSSpecific area: Bio-MEMSPossible application(s): Microinjection device for genetics and genomics research.

P7

Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Combining Ultrasonography with Ultrasound-Mediated Chemotherapy

Natalya Rapoport, Zhonggao Gao, Anne KennedyDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA

Multifunctional nanoparticles were developed that combine properties of drug carriers, ultrasound imaging contrast agents, and enhancers of ultrasound-mediated intracellular drug delivery. At room temperature, the formulations comprise mixtures of drug-loaded polymeric micelles and perfluoropentane (PFP) nanodroplets stabilized by the same biodegradable block copolymer. At physiological temperatures, nanodroplets convert into echogenic nano/microbubbles. Phase state and sizes of the nanodroplets and microbubbles can be controlled by a copolymer/perfluorocarbon volume ratio. Drug (doxorubicin, DOX) was localized in the bubble walls. Cavitation activity under ultrasound depended on the type of bubble-stabilizing block copolymer. As indicated by ultrasound imaging of breast cancer tumor bearing mice, upon intravenous injections, drug-loaded nanobubbles extravasated selectively into the tumor interstitium presumably via the EPR effect; upon extravasation, nanobubbles coalesced or aggregated to produce a strong and long lasting ultrasound contrast. No accumulation of echogenic bubbles was observed in other organs. In vitro and in vivo results indicated that DOX was strongly retained by the microbubbles but was released in response to sonica-tion by therapeutic ultrasound. Application of ultrasound significantly enhanced the intracellular DOX uptake by the tumor cells resulting in effective tumor chemotherapy.

P8

The Effect of Viscous Dissipation on Two-Dimensional Microchannel Heat Transfer

Jennifer van Rij, Tim Ameel, Todd Harman

Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Microchannel convective heat transfer characteristics in the slip flow regime are numerically evaluated for two-dimensional, steady state, laminar, constant wall heat flux and constant wall temperature flows. The effects of Knudsen number, accommo-dation coefficients, viscous dissipation, pressure work, second-order slip boundary conditions, axial conduction, and thermally/hydrodynamically developing flow are considered. The effects of these parameters on microchannel convective heat transfer are compared through the Nusselt number. Numerical values for the Nusselt number are obtained using a continuum based three-dimensional, unsteady, compressible computational fluid dynamics algorithm that has been modified with slip boundary conditions. Numerical results are verified using analytic solutions for thermally and hydrodynamically fully developed flows. The resulting analytical and numerical Nusselt numbers are given as a function of Knudsen number, the first- and second-order velocity slip and temperature jump coefficients, the Peclet number, and the Brinkman number. Excellent agreement between numerical and analytical data is demonstrated. Viscous dissipation, pressure work, second-order slip terms, and axial conduction are all shown to have significant effects on Nusselt numbers in the slip flow regime.

Keywords: Microchannel, Slip, Viscous dissipation, Nusselt number, Brinkman numberBroad area: MicrofluidicsSpecific area: Rarefied gas flowPossible application(s): Theoretical design of microscale heat exchangers, sensors, reactors, and power systems.

P9

Varying cone angle and tip diameter in chemical etch of single mode tapered optical fibers

Jenny Yu, Advisor: Dr. K. RoperUniversity of Utah, Department of Chemical Engineering

Single-mode tapered optical fiber is widely used to image sample surfaces in near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), because its resolution is not limited by conventional optical diffraction. Gold-coated tapered fiber tip also has application with molecular spectroscopy through scattering surface plasmon. We varied exposure time of optical fiber to a silicone-oil/hydrofluoric (HF) acid etchant as well as composition of the etchant to obtain cone angles ranging from 16° to 36° and tip diameters from 70 nm to 1.13 µm. We found smaller tip and cone angles could be fabricated reproducibly using buffered HF in a second etch. The degree of argon laser (514 nm) transmission through tapered tips increased as cone angle increased. Two mathematical models, phase-matching and asymmetric Young-Laplace equation, are used to compare and identify the optimal critical angle for surface plasmon.

Keywords: Single-mode tapered optical fiber, NSOM, tapered cone angle Broad area: Bioinstrumentation Specific area: Surface Plasmon Resonance Possible application(s): Biosensing

P10

PDMS Transfer in Microcontact Printing as a Contrast Agent for ToF-SIMS Imaging

Li Yang,1 Naoto Shirahata,2 Gaurav Saini,1 Takashi Nakanishi,2 Ken Sautter,3 Matthew R. Linford1

1 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 2 National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan3 Yield Engineering Systems, Livermore, CA

Here we describe a method for probing the surface free energies of materials by stamping them with planar, unpatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps. Hydrophobic surfaces, e.g., alkyl monolayers with high advancing water contact angles, resist adsorption of PDMS, while PDMS adsorbs effectively onto hydrophilic or even moderately hydrophobic surfaces. For example, PDMS transfers to thin films of C60, while it does not transfer to thin films of molecules that contain long alkyl chains. In addition, PDMS transfers to hydrophilic spots patterned onto hydrophobic monolayers, but not onto the hydrophobic background, or it transfers more onto more hydrophilic monolayers. The PDMS transferred in these cases is easily detected by spectroscopic ellipsometry. It is also detected with imaging time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) because of the sensitivity of this technique for this species. Wetting and principle components analysis of the ToF-SIMS data are further employed in this study.

P11

Studies of Size Selected Metal/Metal-Oxide Surfaces

Bill Kaden, Tianpin Wu, Will Kunkel, & Scott L. AndersonCollaborative Work with: Jon Johnson, & Clayton WilliamsUniversity of Utah; Chemistry Dept. Graduate Student

Utilizing a laser vaporization cluster source in tandem with quadrupole ion guides, ion lenses, and a quadrupole mass filter, we deposit size selected metal clusters onto substrates of interest within UHV. Our main focus is in the study of metal/metal oxide catalysts. To that end we have surface sensitive instrumentation within the UHV chamber to analyze the surfaces created as well as the nature of any reactants throughout the course of their interaction with the surface. Such techniques include Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS), X-Ray Photoemission Spectroscopy (XPS), Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Pulsed Dose Mass Spectrometry, as well as Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (IRAS). We have also just completed the addition of a transfer case that can be used to take samples created within our chamber and bring them to another chamber under vacuum.

Keywords: Nano-clusters; catalysts, single electron tunneling microscopyBroad area: EnergySpecific area: CatalysisPossible application(s): Production of better catalysts in the future.

P12

High Quality ZnO and CuMO2 (M=group III) based transparent conducting oxides deposited by pulsed laser deposition

Michael Snure and Ashutosh TiwariNanostructure Materials Research Lab, University of Utah, Salt Lake City UT

Transparent conducting oxides (TCO) are of great technological importance for use in a number of optoelectronic applications. Traditionally TCOs are n-type wide band gap semiconductors, but in addition to the traditional TCO a number of p-type TCO also exist, which pose a number of exciting applications. Here we report the growth of high quality n-type ZnO and p-type CuMO2 (M=group III) based transparent conducting oxides (TCO) deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). TCO films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates and were thoroughly characterized using several structural, electrical and optical characterization techniques. All the films were found to be transparent in the visible regime.

P13

Single-cell electrophysiology and impedimetric chemical sensing on a chip

Gregory M. Dittami, H. Edward Ayliffe, Curtis S. King, Sameera S. Dharia, Jeffrey J. Wyrick, Patrick F. Kiser, Richard D. Rabbitt

A MEMS chip for electrical and electrochemical measurements of individual cells has been fabricated using surface micromachin-ing and thick film techniques. Multilayered microfluidics enabled facilitated cell manipulation, selection, and immobilization. Chamber dimensions (85 µm x 11 µm) were tailored specifically for recordings from sensory hair cells isolated from the mam-malian inner ear. Axially positioned electrodes allow for auditory frequency and DC voltage excitation of cells using patterned extracellular gradients. Eight interdigitated (5 µm x 5 µm) microelectrodes, positioned transversely along the cell, provide for radio frequency (RF) fringe-field interrogation of passive and excitable cell membrane properties as a function of space and time. An integrated, three electrode system provides the ability to record the time dependent concentrations of specific biochemicals in microdomain volumes near identified regions of the cell membrane. Electromagnetic FEM modeling of cells in the device highlighted the potential for it to spatially resolve membrane dielectric properties and intracellular components. Cytometric measurement capabilities were characterized using electric impedance spectroscopy (EIS, 1kHz-10MHz) of isolated outer hair cells (OHCs). Chemical sensing capability within the recording chamber was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. Overall, the chip shows promise in resolving the extremely fast kinetics of neurotransmitter release and cycle-by-cycle somatic motility exhibited by hair cells in the mammalian sound amplification process.

Support: This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, NIDCD R01 DC04928 and by National Science Foundation, IGERT NSF DGE-9987616.

P14

Time Resolved Dielectric Flow Cytometry

Wyrick, Jeff; Dittami, Greg; Dharia, Sameera; Rabbitt, RichardDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.Source of Support: [supported by NIH R01 DC04928]

Dielectric flow cytometry is a method to interrogate the electrical properties of cells (membranes and structure) as they flow along a micro channel. In the present work we fabricated micro-channels lined with a combination of planar and electroplated gold electrodes. While flowing through the channel cells pass through four recording sites as well as a series of 10 µm thick electroplated electrodes designed to introduce a strong electric field for electroporating cells. Cells are characterized using an AC spectra from 100kHz-10 MHz. Changes in cell dielectric properties to chemical or electrical stimuli can be determined with time dependant characterization possible for the latter. The device shown is designed to interrogate the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y -- a tumor cell line that is known for its expression of a variety of voltage gated ion-channels.

P15

Controlled Assembly of Asymmetrically Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles

Rajesh Sardar, Tyler B. Heap, Jong-Won Park, and Jennifer S. Shumaker-Parry

Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Metal nanoparticles have received great attention due to their unique optical properties and wide range of applicability. In this context, controlling the particle-particle interaction is a major challenge to generate programmable assembly of nanoparticles that shows potential usefulness in device fabrication and detection systems. Different methods have been developed to achieve asymmetrically functionalized gold nanoparticles. For example, DNA, oligonucleotide, and solid phase approaches have been used to fabricate gold nanoparticle dimer, trimer or tetramer assemblies.

We have developed a simple, inexpensive, more versatile solid phase approach in the synthesis of different assemblies such as dimer and 1-D chain of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using commercially available organic reagents through an asymmetric functionalization pathway. The amide coupling reaction was performed between two asymmetrically functionalized nanopar-ticles. In addition, we demonstrate the synthesis of dimers consisting of two particles with different sizes. The dimer yield varies from ~30% to ~65% depending on the nanoparticle sizes. The dimers demonstrate remarkable stability in ethanol without further processing. We have also developed a simple synthetic route to achieve gold nanoparticle chains using asymmetrically functionalized AuNPs and poly(acrylic acid). The length of the synthesized nanoparticle chains varies from 256-400 nm with regular interparticle spacing (2.7 nm). The synthesized chain structure displays distinct optical properties compared to individual nanoparticles. This methodology is also applicable for gold nanoparticles with different size. We also control the interparticle spacing (2.7-5.4 nm) inside the chain structure.

Keywords: Gold nanoparticles, asymmetric functionalization, dimers, 1-D chainBroad area: Materials ScienceSpecific area: NanomaterialsPossible application(s): Surface enhanced Raman substrate (SERS), fabrication of optoelectronic devices.

P16

Soot Formation in Laminar Pre-Mixed Flames

Carlos A. Echavarria, Adel F. Sarofim, JoAnn Slama LightyUniversity of Utah, Department of Chemical Engineering The main purpose of this study is to investigate soot particle size distributions (PSD) from a flat-flame burner fueled with benzene and ethylene and compare these results to a simulation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements are also reported to show the characteristics of the particles. Temperature and PSD were measured using thermocouple particle densitometry (TPD) and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS, over the size range of 3 to 80nm) respectively. Samples for TEM analysis were obtained using a rapid insertion sampling technique.

A detailed kinetic mechanism was used to model the experimental data. The model includes reaction pathways leading to the formation of nano-sized particles and their coagulation to larger soot particles by using a discrete-sectional approach for the gas-to-particle process. Good predictions of particle-phase concentrations and particle sizes in the two flames are obtained without any change to the kinetic scheme. In agreement with experimental data, the model predicts a higher formation of particulate in the benzene flame respect to the ethylene flame. Furthermore the model predicts that in the ethylene flame small precursor particles dominate the particulate loading in the whole flame whereas soot is the major component in the benzene flame.

Keywords: Soot formation Broad area: Air pollution from combustion systems Specific area: Soot Possible application(s): Understanding the mechanisms of formation allow us to determine effective control strategies.

P17

Functionalized boron and boron/CeO2 nanoparticles

Brian Van Devener, Joseph Jankovich, Scott L. AndersonUniversity of Utah Department of Chemistry

Abstract: The large energy density of boron has long made it an attractive material for consideration as a fuel additive. By producing smaller, nanoscale material, the surface area to volume ratio is increased, thereby creating more reactive sites. Our approach is to produce nano-powder boron and boron/CeO2 powder; with CeO2 being a known catalyst. Furthermore, we have also functionalized these particles; both to stabilize the highly reactive boron powder and to render them soluble in hydro-carbon fuels. Functionalized particles remain suspended in hydrocarbon solvents on a time scale of months. Scanning electron microscopy results yield information on both size and structure, indicating that our particles are between 50 and 100 nm in diameter. X-ray photoelectron spectra show chemical composition of the surfaces of our powders and confirm the formation of cerium borides with in our B/CeO2 powder.

Keywords: Soluble nano-particles, fuel additives, cerium oxide, boron.Broad area: Jet-propulsion applications, explosives, neutron capture.Specific area: Jet-propulsion applications.Possible application(s): Jet-fuel additives

P18

Utah Microfabrication Lab: A Multi-user, open access lab for thin film deposition and patterning

Brian Baker, Staff Engineer,Utah nanofab at the University of Utahwww.microfab.utah.edu

• Multi-purpose cleanroom facility • ~5300 ft of laboratory floor space • Thin Film Deposition- PVD, PECVD and LPCVD systems • Photolithography- Layout, Pattern Generation, Aligners, Processing • Etching- Wet etching chemistry, Reactive Ion Etchers (Dry), DRIE • Test – I/V, C-V, device parameter analyzer • Furnaces- annealing, B & P doping, wet and dry oxidation • Packaging- dicing saws, wire bonders, etc. • Technology Library- baseline processes for CMOS transistors, solar cells, etc. • Laser micromachining:NdYAG (1064nm); KrF excimer (248nm) • Ar-beam ion milling (unfocused beam, goniometer stage)

P19

Utah Surface Science and nanoImaging Lab: XPS, Auger, ISS, FE- ESEM, EDX, ellipsometry, AFM, profilometry

Dr. Loren Rieth, University Surface ScientistUtah nanofab at the University of Utahwww.surface.utah.edu

The Colleges of Science, Engineering, and Mines (Earth Sciences) in conjunction with the Vice Presidents have collaborated to create this campus- and community-serving laboratory, with equipment supplied by matched federal (NSF and other) grants. Key to this facility is the joint sponsorship of Research Assistant Professor, Dr. Loren Rieth, as University Surface Scientist to provide training and applications support in each of the tools comprising the lab:

• Kratos AxisUltraDLD (Imaging XPS, Auger, ISS) • FEI Quanta FE-ESEM/EDAX • Digital Instruments Dimension 3000 AFM • Tencor P-10 Stylus profilometer • Woolam V-Vase spectroscopic ellipsometer • Polyvar optical microscope with digital imaging with Nomarski • Zygo 5032 optical (interferometric / non-contact) profilometer (5-20X)

P20

Interferometric profiling for measurement of wear

Anthony SandersOrtho Development CorporationDraper, Utah

Measuring wear on the micro or nano scales can be a daunting challenge. Traditional methods of wear measurement have included gravimetric techniques and linear measurements that employ assumptions about the shape of wear zones. These tech-niques may fail to provide the needed accuracy to discriminate different wear properties in certain applications, e.g. the wear of thin coatings. A scanning white light interferometer (SWLI) in use at the University of Utah provides new wear measurement capabilities that overcome some of the previous limitations. This instrument is providing wear measurements for current studies on wear properties of current and potential biomedical implant bearing materials. Further, a current study involving ballon- disk wear tests is quantifying the differences between the SWLI and a traditional technique.

P21

Lattice and aperture shape modulated optical second harmonic generation from sub-wavelength hole arrays

Tingjun Xu and Steve BlairUniversity of Utah

We have measured optical second harmonic generation in transmission from arrays of sub-wavelength apertures. The inver-sion symmetry of centro-symmetric apertures was broken with off-axis illumination and off-axis detection. Strong angular dependence of SHG is observed, with maxima located at angular positions that roughly correspond to incidence angles of extraordinary optical transmission. By breaking the inversion symmetry of the aperture itself, we have successfully generated and detected SHG at normal incidence and detection.

P22

Visualizing Excitable Cell Membranes using Micro-Electric Impedance Tomography

S. Dharia, H.E. Ayliffe, C. King, G. Dittami, J. Wyrick, A. Pungor, R.D. RabbittUniversity of Utah

Micro Electric Impedance Tomography (μ-EIT) is a technique to image the effective conductance and capacitance of a cell membrane based on current and voltage measured in the extracellular space around a single cell. These electrical properties are dynamic in living cells and depend on the membrane configuration and on the state of integral proteins embedded in the membrane. Micro Electric Impedance Tomography is distinct from conventional electrophysiological techniques, as it provides a method to continuously measure membrane dynamics with spatial resolution on the order of a tenth of the cell’s circumference. To accomplish μ-EIT, a microsystem was developed using a combination of computer control, microfabrication, rapid prototyping and thick film technologies. The electrode-array consists of eight, planar, evenly-space metal electrodes centered around a circu-lar recording chamber. Single cells are positioned between the electrodes, and radiofrequency (10kHz – 10MHz) signals are used to non-invasively interrogate the effective dielectric properties of the cell membrane in space and time. Proof-of-concept results show that a μ -EIT device can be used to construct a 2D image of a phantom in a saline. Further results using Xenopus

Oocytes demonstrate the potential of the 2D microsystem to noninvasively interrogate cell membrane electrical properties. By generating regionally based impedance images of a cell membrane, this technique offers a new window to observe events associated with ion channels, protein conformational changes, and membrane-based endo/excocytosis. Support: This work was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health, NIDCD R01 DC04928 and by National Science Foundation, IGERT NSF DGE-9987616.

Keywords: Tomography, Single Cell, Protein, ImpedanceBroad area: Cellular BiophysicsSpecific area: Cell Membrane VisualizationPossible application(s): An electrophysiological tool to monitor changes in cell membrane conformation in response to an excitable stimulus.

P23

Topographic characterization of colloids metal films

Analía G. Dall’Asén and D. Keith RoperDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

We present a surface morphological study of colloid metal films (CMF) by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The CMF samples were produced on silica substrates by plating gold for 1 to 60 minutes.

AFM images reveal CMFs consisting of nanoparticles ensembles with tunable particle dimensions, densities and distributions. Characteristic features of the samples surface (such as roughness, nanoparticles size and density) were studied as a function of the plating time. Effects of convolution between the conical AFM tip and the sample surface profiles on measured particle dimensions were analyzed. We observed that the average particle dimension increases (from ~100 up to ~700 nm) and particle density decreases (from ~20 up to ~1 particles/μm2) as plating time increases. The average roughness generally decreases (from ~148 up to ~35 nm) as particle distributions become more uniform. CMF samples plated for 1 and 8 minutes exhibited the most regular and uniform particle dimensions as well as low average roughness (~35 and ~57 nm, respectively).

Keywords: Nano-scale gold films, AFM images, particle dimension, particle density, roughness film. Broad area: Nanoscience Specific area: Nano-scale metallic films Possible application(s): Active substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance sensors

P24

Resonant optical properties of electroless gold island thin films

Wonmi Ahn and D. Keith RoperDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah

Two resonant optical properties exhibited by gold island thin films (GITF) formed by electroless deposition are characterized for the first time: plasmon excitation and photoluminescence. As deposition time increases, GITF optical density increases, reach-ing a maximum near 650 nm that corresponds to excitation of localized surface plasmon polaritons (SPP). Maximum optical density red-shifts with deposition time, but blue-shifts with thermal annealing, corresponding to surface features observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Photoluminescence yields a minimum optical density near 500 nm that red-shifts with increasing deposition times. Comparison with sputtering indicates the nonlinear rate of gold plating by electroless deposition, and suggests electroless gold island thin films may be more optically uniform. These resonant photoluminescent and plasmon resonant properties have potential implications for optoelectronics and bio-/ chemical sensing.

Keywords: Gold thin film, Plasmon excitation, PhotoluminescenceBroad area: NanoscienceSpecific area: Nanoscale metallic structures Possible Applications: Opto-electronic, opto-thermal and spectroscopic applications. SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering) applications

P25

Analysis and discussion of SEM and AFM microscopy data using various image processing algorithms

Ben Taylor, Dr. Keith RoperUniversity of Utah

The threshold method for particle analysis was compared with the watershed method for particle characterization. Au nanopar-ticle dimensions, count densities, and shape were analyzed after algorithm particle determination was completed. The study of-fers guidelines for improved accuracy by image overlaying, border stripping, and watershed analysis appropriateness. Au particle slides were also characterized with both SEM and AFM and the differences between results are explained and discussed.

Keywords: Au nanoparticles, SEM, AFM, image processing, watershed, absorption optimization Broad area: Particle analysis and characterizationSpecific area: Au nanoparticle analysis and process optimizationPossible application: Nano-scale gold (Au) structures on silicon (Si) substrates are important in electronics, MEMS devices, diagnostics, biosensing, spectroscopy and microscopy. Au thin films are applied in gateable electronic transis-tors, and conductors, optically-induced thermoplasmonic gratings for nanomanipulation of picoliter droplets, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors (45-60-nm thickness), and SERS-active substrates, excited by visible (red), near-IR and IR light.

P26

Designing Novel Optical Phenomena in Nanostructured Materials

Jeremy W. Galusha, Jacqueline T. Siy, Moussa Barhoum, Matt Jorgenson, and Michael H. BartlDepartment of Chemistry, University of Utah

We will present an overview of the physical/materials chemistry-based research that is currently conducted in the Bartl group at the University of Utah, Chemistry Department. Our main research focus is directed towards novel optically active nanoscale materials, such as quantum confined nanocrystals and photonic band gap structures. In particular we are interested in under-standing and controlling the chemistry and photophysics of these 3-dimensional nano-architectures with the unique capability of controlling light in new - non-classical - ways. These nanostructures are fabricated by simple materials chemistry techniques, such as colloidal crystallization, self-assembly, and sol-gel chemistry and their optical properties are studied by various micro-spectroscopy techniques in our lab.

Keywords: Nanoscience, sol-gel, photonic crystals, quantum dots, self-assembly

Broad area: Chemistry, Physics, Materials ScienceSpecific area: Materials Synthesis, Nanophotonics

P27

Characterization and Testing Of a Microdeployable, Polysilicon Iris Structure

Taylor Meacham, Ronnie Boutte, Clayton Butler, Brian Baker, Ian R. HarveyUniversity of Utah, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

During the Spring Semester of 2006, a micro-deployable iris structure was designed by a team of students from the University of Utah as part of an entry into the 2006 Sandia MEMS University Alliance Design Competition. Sandia’s CAD tools were used to design the structure to be fabricated used the SUMMiT V™ process, a process using five mechanical polysilicon layers, four sacrificial silicon oxide layers, and CMP planarization to create complex mechanical systems on a micrometer scale. The device was designed to be opened and closed by electrostatic comb-drive microengines. The fabricated iris’s diameter is slightly less than the thickness of a dime, or approximately 1.2mm.

Construction analysis and characterization work has been performed on the microscale iris, using the facilities and equipment in the Utah Microfabrication Core Laboratory. This work has included visual examination with the use of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical profilometry. Some destructive analysis techniques, such as manual polishing, were used to cross-section into specific areas of interest, such as the iris’s unique polysilicon pin hinges. Analysis Functional testing was also conducted using the facilities of Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, NM. Optical microscopy was again used to allow visual analysis during operation of the device and to capture video for later analysis. During testing, the iris was successfully actuated as designed multiple times. In addition, a few design problems were identified in order to improve the performance of the device for future applications.

Keywords: MEMS, micro-deployable structures, SUMMiT V ProcessBroad area: Semiconductor Device Characterization Specific area: Planarized Polysilicon MEMS Characterization

P28

Giant Magnetoresistive Sensors for Biorecognition: Towards Chip-Scale Platformswith Ultrahigh Address Densities

Michael C. Granger,1 Nikola Pekas,1 Rachel L. Millen,2 Toshikazu Kawaguchi,2 John Nordling,2 Heather Bullen,2 Mark Tondra,3 and Marc Porter1

(1) Center for Nanobiosensors, and the Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108; (2) Departments of Chemistry and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Ames Laboratory-USDOE, and Institute for Combi-natorial Discovery, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; (3) NVE Corporation, Eden Prairie, Minnesota, 55433

Microfabricated devices formed from alternating magnetic and non-magnetic layers (several nanometers thick) exhibit a phenomenon known as giant magnetoresistance (GMR) where the resistance of the material is altered by a magnetic field. A well known device that uses this phenomenon is the hard disk drive found in personal computers. The read head is comprised of a GMR used to read magnetic bits nominally tens of nano-meters in size. Our work focuses on combining GMR sensors with magnetic labeling of biomolecules to create novel detection strategies of high sensitivity, small size, and fast overall analysis times - all of which are desir-able features of portable bioanalytical sensors. Our approach relies on the development of a “card-swipe” instru-ment by which an array of chip-scale, magnetically-tagged addresses can be interrogated in a manner analogous to a credit card reader. We demonstrate the efficacy of this method by enumerating of fewer than 100 molecu-lar binding events realized with a protein-protein capture strategy on this first iteration detection platform.

P29

Bulk separation of Carbon Nanotubes - Search for possible chemical routesusing Density Functional Theory

Tapas KarDept of Chemistry & Biochemistry, USU

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are typically grown as bundles of metallic and semiconducting tubes with varying lengths and diameters, which offer a hindrance to their widespread applications. For SWCNTs to become useful they must be separated into individual molecules or bundles. Chemical modification of SWCNTs is one of the most viable approaches for bulk separation. Our approach is to determine the stability of metallic and semiconducting SWCNT-COOH (COOH at nanotube tips, side-walls with/without defects) and their conjugated bases in different organic solvents and reactivity with various chemicals.

Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, SLDB technique, acidic nanotubes and conjugated bases.Broad area: Modeling & SimulationSpecific area: Chemical modifications of Carbon Nanotubes

Krishna ShenaiUSTAR/USUAdvanced Electronic Systems Engineering

George Hansen“Metal Matrix“Nanostrands: Nickel at its Finest

Feng LiuU of UNanomechanical Architecture for Self-assembly of Nanostructures

Haeyeon YangUSUMorphological study on dot-chains using molecular beam epitaxy and in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy

Adam T. WoolleyBYUDNA-Templated Nanofabrication

Lynn AstleCosmas, Inc.“Metal, Metal Oxide, and Mixed-Metal Oxide Nanoparticles”

John M. LuptonU of UAssessing heat generation and dissipation in nanoscale systems by molecular thermometry

T.C. ShenUSUAn epitaxial approach for nanoscale electronics in silicon

Roger G. Harrison BYULight Harvesting Materials

Akash AkashCeramatecNano-ceramic Materials for Energy and Environment

Henry S. WhiteU of UStochastic Analyses using Glass Nanopore Based Sensors for biomedical applications

Leijun Li USUBulk Mechanical Alloying of Nanoscale Particles for Hydrogen Storage

Brian D. Jensen BYUMicroswitches and Microsensors for Ubiquitous Sensing Platforms

David W. GraingerU of UMiniaturized diagnostic and drug delivery devices

Zheng-Rong LuU of UNanoglobules with precisely defined molecular architecture

Matthew R. Linford BYULaserArray Technologies

Reyhan BakturUSUApplication of Electromagnetics in Nano-World

Michael H. BartlU of UArchitectural Colors: Manipulating Light in Nanophotonics

Gregory P. NordinBYUMicrocantilever-Based Chemical and Biological Sensors

Mac McKeeUSUApplications for Nanotechnology in Water Management

Review of nanoUtah 2006 Participants

Anhong ZhouUSUFrom bio-electron transfer (Bio-ET) to Nanocable – Electrically connect your nanoWorld

Supratik Mukhopadhyay USUIntelligent Co-ordination of Nano Sensors and Actuators

Z. Zak Fang U of USintering and Grain Growth of Nanosize Particles and Manufacturing Bulk Nanocrystalline Materials

Christoph BoehmeU of UUltrasensitive spin measurement techniques for small spin ensembles

Chris WinsteadUSUCool nano-processors: computing with heat

Clayton C. WilliamsU of UImaging and Spectroscopy of Electronic States in Non-conducting Surfaces with Single Electrons

Siva GuruswamyU of UMagnetic and Semicondcutor Materials And Devices

Ilya ZharovU of UResponsive Nanopores

H. Y. Sohn U of UChemical Vapor Synthesis of Inorganic Nanopowders

Debra MascaroU of UNano Organic Electronics

Richard VanfleetBYUElectron Microscopy Facilities

Christopher RodeschU of UMicroscopy and Imaging Resources

Michael L. FreeU of USynthesis and utilization of selected nanomaterials

Matt DeLongU of UE-beam Lithography and Other Resources Available from

Bill KadenU of UDeposition of size selected ion clusters via a laser va-porization source

Jeff WyrickU of UImpedance based Sensory Devices

Vishal GuptaU of UNano and Micro Particles Transport in Environment

Niladri Dasgupta U of UCenter of Excellence for Nanosize Inorganic Powders

Jordan GertonU of ULightning Rods and Antennae: Optics at the Nanoscale

Scott B. JonesUSUSensing The Environment

Notes:

Notes:

nanoUtah 2007Utah’s Statewide Nanotechnology Conference