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Technical English for advanced pupils, metal workers, andtranslators with English as a foreign language

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Dipl. Ing. Walter A. Reichert

Technical Englishfor

advanced pupils,engineering students,

metal workers,and translators

with English as a foreign language

F.-J. Büchler KG

Gedruckt auf umweltbewusst gefertigtem, chlorfrei gebleichtemund alterungsbeständigem Papier.

1. Auflage 2013Nach den seit 2006 amtlich gültigen Regelungen der Rechtschreibung© by Brigg Verlag F.-J. Büchler KG, AugsburgAlle Rechte vorbehalten.Das Werk und seine Teile sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Nutzung in anderen als den gesetzlich zugelassenen Fällen bedarf der vorherigen schriftlichen Einwilligung des Verlages. Hinweis zu § 52 a UrhG: Weder das Werk noch seine Teile dürfen ohne eine solche Einwilligung eingescannt und in ein Netzwerk eingestellt werden. Dies gilt auch für Intranets von Schulen und sonstigen Bildungseinrichtungen.

ISBN 978-3-95660-001-2 www.brigg-verlag.de 3

There are many books teaching Basic English or Business English. But technicians and translators need books particularly dealing with Technical English. Such books are rare.

This book wants to help you to get familiar with the metal worker branch as well as to use Technical English as needed in this branch.

It is completely held in English (AE). That’s why to work with this book some Basic English is necessary,

British English (BE) or North-American English (AE) that is the question! British English could be more relevant for the European Market. But today the US-economy and therefore the US-English is much more relevant especially for international affairs. Ask therefore your customer!

People with English mother tongue do not care much about either BE or AE. And indeed, there isn’t much difference. But if you have made up your decision don’t change between BE and AE.

In the case you have to talk or to write in English, don’t panic. Just bring over the information as simple as possible. We are technicians and no belletrists.

Keep in mind “nobody is perfect” and “only people who do not work do not make errors”!

W. A. Reichert

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There are many books teaching Basic English or Business English. But technicians and translators need books particularly dealing with Technical English. Such books are rare.

This book wants to help you to get familiar with the metal worker branch as well as to use Technical English as needed in this branch.

It is completely held in English (AE). That’s why to work with this book some Basic English is necessary,

British English (BE) or North-American English (AE) that is the question! British English could be more relevant for the European Market. But today the US-economy and therefore the US-English is much more relevant especially for international affairs. Ask therefore your customer!

People with English mother tongue do not care much about either BE or AE. And indeed, there isn’t much difference. But if you have made up your decision don’t change between BE and AE.

In the case you have to talk or to write in English, don’t panic. Just bring over the information as simple as possible. We are technicians and no belletrists.

Keep in mind “nobody is perfect” and “only people who do not work do not make errors”!

W. A. Reichert

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Content Machine Components 9 Pins 9 Bolts, Screws, Nuts, and Washers 9 Other Types of Bolts and Screws 11 Screws 12 Screw Drives 13 Nuts and Washers 14 Rivets 15 Drill & Fit Workshop 15 Threads 16 Thread Standards 16 Thread Angle 17 Power Screws or Trapezoidal Threads 18 Pipe Thread 20 Buttress Thread 20 Guide-ways 21 Gears 24 Geometry and Nomenclature 24 Special Gears 26 Ordinary Gear Trains 26 Compound Gear Train 26 Epicyclical Gear Trains 26 Gear Box 27 Special Mechanisms 27 Springs 29 Spring Materials 29 Helical Extension and Compression Springs 29 Shear Stress 30 Curvature Effect 30 Torsion Springs 30 Torsion Bar Springs 31 Flat or Leaf Springs 31 Multileaf Springs 31 Bellville Springs 32 Load-Deflection Diagram 32 Bearings 34 Plain Bearings or Journal Bearings 34 Rolling Bearings 34 Rolling Elements 35 Directions of Principal Forces 35 Number of Rolling Bearing Rows 37 Reliability Requirement 38 Shock Force 38 Pillow Block Bearing 38 Feather Key Joints 40 Splined Shafts and Fittings 41 Detachable Unions 41 Seals, Gaskets, Glands, and Bellows 42 Belts and Chains 43

Actuators 44 Valves 48 Ores 49 Fuel 49 Gas and Gasoline Manufacture 52 Gas 52 Gasoline 53 Drilling Rig 54 Coke 55 Furnaces and Steel 56 Furnaces 56 Bloomery 57 Blast Furnace 57 Double Bell System 59 Bell-less System 59 Ingots and Slaps 61 Continuous-Casting Processes 61 Bessemer Process 64 Electric Furnaces 65 Electric Arc Furnace 65 Bar Stock 65 Heat Treatment 66 Iron and Steel 67 Carbon Steel 67 Low Carbon Steel 68 Higher Carbon Steel 68 Medium Carbon Steel 68 High Carbon Steel 68 Eutectic System 70 Iron-carbon phase diagram 70 Alloy Steel 72 Tool Steel 73 Water-hardening grades 73 Air-hardening grades 73 Cold-working grades 73 Steel Shapes 74 Cast Iron 75 Production 75 Varieties of cast iron 75 Malleable Iron 76 Other Ferrous Materials 76 Nonferrous Metals and Alloys 77 Nonferrous Metals 77 Nonferrous Alloys 78 Galvanic Action 79 Galvanic Series 79 Casting 80 Expendable mold casting 80 Sand Casting 80 Plaster casting 80 Shell molding 81 Investment Casting 81

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Permanent casting 81 Die Casting 81 Centrifugal casting 81 Continuous Casting 82 A Foundry Facility for Your Small Workshop 83 Safety First 83 All the Bits and Pieces 83 Cubicle 83 Melting Bronze or Cast Iron 84 Cover 85 Fuel 85 Firing the Lining 86 Contraction on cooling 86 Foundry Sand 86 Blower 86 Forging 87 Advantages 87 A Forge 87 Open-Die Forging 87 Press Forging, Drop Hammer Forging 87 Upset Forging 88 Automatic Hot Forging 88 Roll Forging 88 Net-Shape Forging 88 Welding 89 Welding by the Oxy-Acetylene Process 89 Fuel Gas 89 Notes of Safety 90 Blowpipe or Torch 91 Regulators 91 Canvas-Rubber Hose 91 Filler Wire 92 Fusion Welding 92 Butt Weld 92 Arc Welding 93 General 93 Notes of Safety 93 Electrodes 94 Screens 94 Practice Welding Beads 94 T.I.G and M.I.G Welding 95 Function 95 Engineering Weld Symbols 96 Weld Symbols for Types of Joints 96 Resistance Welding 98 Fundamentals 98 Projection, Seam, and Butt Welding 98 Resistance Spot Welding 99 Stationary Resistance Spot Welding Machine 99 Welding Lines 100 Welding Current, Welding Time

and Nugget 100 Electrode Hold Time 101 Welding with 3 -Phase AC 101 Welding with Media Frequency Inverters 102 Soldering and Brazing 103 General 103 Filler Metals 103 Flux104 Silver Soldering 104 Pipe Soldering/Brazing 105 Tools 105 Soldering Iron 106 Tools 107 Vise (AE), Vice (BE) 107 Anvil and Hammer 107 Pliers, Nippers, Cutters, Strippers 107 Screwdrivers 108 Wrenches (AE), Spanners (BE) 110 Hand Files 113 Classification 113 Taps and Dies 114 Taps 114 Screwing Dies 115 Lubrication of Taps and Dies 116 Tap and Die-Sharpening 116 Saws 117 Hacksaw 118 Power Hacksaw 119 Grinders 120 Breaking Up a Grinding Wheel 120 Dressing a Grinding Wheel 120 Abrasion 121 Grinding Wheels 121 Vitrified bond 121 Drilling Machines 122 Drills 125 Terms used to describe a drill 125 Choice of Angles 126 Helix Angle 127 Combination Center Drill 128 Spade-Bit Drill 128 Core Drill 129 Cone-Cut Drill 129 Countersink 129 Reamers 129 Drill Sharpening 130 Drill Grinding Jig 130 Sheet Cutting and Sheet Bending 131 Sheet Cutting 131 Press Brakes 132 Shapers 133 Types 133 Operation 133 Applications 133

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Broching 134 Lathes 135 Construction 135 Headstock 135 Bed 136 Feedscrew 136 Metric and Imperial Threads 136 Carriage 137 Turning, Facing, and Boring 137 Cross-Slide 138 Compound Rest 138 Toolpost 138 Tailstock 138 Types of Metal Lathes 139 NC Lathe, CNC Turning Center 141 Cutting Tools 142 Lathe Dog 143 Positions 143 Milling Machines 144 General 144 Basic Function 144 Basic Construction 144 Types of Milling Machines 145 Construction of Conventional Milling Machines 145 CNC – Milling Machines 146 Safety Rules 148 Tools and Equipment 149 Cutters 149 Milling Cutter Nomenclature 149 Types of Cutters 150 Plain or Helical Cutters 150 Rotation 150 Helical Milling Cutters 150 Metal Slitting Saw Milling Cutters 150 Side Milling Cutters 150 End Milling Cutters 151 T-Slot Milling Cutters 151 Key Slot Milling Cutters 152 Form Milling Cutters 152 Fly Cutters 152 Gear Hobs 153 Interchangeable Carbide Tips 154 Arbors 154 Standard Milling Machine Arbor 155 Up Cut Milling/Down Cut Milling 155 Collets, Spindle Adapters, and Quick-Change Tooling 155 Collets 156 Spindle Adapters 156 Quick-Change Tooling 156 Milling Vises 156 Offset Boring Head 157 T-Slots 157 Methods of Mounting Workpieces 158

Clamping Workpieces to the Table 158 Clamping a Workpiece to an Angle Plate 159 Clamping Workpieces in Fixtures 159 Holding Workpieces between Centers 159 Holding Workpieces in the Vise 160 Placing Workpieces in the Vise 160 Indexing 161 Edge Finder 161 Cutting Oils161 Method of Use 161 Plain Milling 162 Mounting the Workpiece 162 Selecting the Cutter 162 Setup 162 Gang Milling 163 Milling the Keyway of a Woodruff Key 163 Milling Keyway for Round-End Machine Key 163 Sawing and Parting163 Splined Shafts and Fittings163 Honing and Lapping 164 Dust, Dust Fires, and Dust Explosions 165 Hazards due to Combustible Dusts 165 Causes of Dust Fire and Dust Explosions 166 Hood Types 167 Hood Design Factors 167 Hood Nomenclature 168 Direction of Air Flow 170 Air Cleaning Devices and Dust Collectors 170 Fabric Collectors 172 Electrostatic Precipitator 173 Fans 175 Ejector Fans 175 Axial Fans 175 Propeller Fans 175 Tube-Axial Fans 176 Vane-Axial Fans 176 Centrifugal Fans 177 Centrifugal Fan Components 177 Noise 177 Safety and Accessories 178 Fire Extinguishing Systems and Measures 179 Plant Fire Protection 180 Fire Fighting Measures 181 Fire Extinguishing Agents 181 Explosion Prevention 181 Welding and Cutting 182 Ignition Process 182

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Protective Measures 182 Auto Ignition 182 Protective Measurements 183 Designed Explosion Protection 184 Explosion Pressure Resistant Design for the Maximum Explosion Pressure 184 Explosion Disengagement, Explosion Interruption 184 Air lock 184 Rapid Action Valve 185 Suppression Barrier 186 Diverter 186 Workshop Drawing 190 Engineering Tolerance 193 General 193 Limit Deviations for Linear Dimensions 194 ISO Standards for 195 Limits and Fits 195 Geometrical Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) 198 Surface Texture and Scraping 199 Behavior of Material under Load 200 Stress and Strain 200 Strain-Stress Behaviour 201 Bending, Buckling, and Torsion of Beams and Shafts 204 Electrical Installations 206 General 206 Electrical Distribution 206 Circuit Breaker 207 Ground Fault Interrupter 207 Branch Circuits 208 Appliance, and Individual Circuits 208 Summary 209 Load Requirements 209 Low-Voltage Circuits 209 Separate Wiring Circuits 210 A Mounting Instruction 211 Bicycle Carrier 211 General 211 Instructions for Assembling the Bicycle Carrier 212 Instructions 213 Before mounting the bicycle carrier onto your vehicle 214 Sequence markers 214 Active Sentences 214 How to fasten the bicycles on the mounted bicycle carrier 217 Specifications 219 How to make a Manual 220 Introduction 220 Preparation to make a Manual 221

Scope 221 General 221 Minimising risks 221 Special target groups 221 Relation between Instruction and Product 222 Different Models of a Product 222 Units of Measurement 222 Understandable text 222 Contents of a Manual 223 Chapter 1, Identification 224 Chapter 2, Specification of the product 225 Identification of the Manual 226 Modifications of the Product 226 Safety notes, General warnings 226 Environmental notes 227 Technical Data 228 Conformity declaration 229 Chapter 3, Preparing the Product for Use 230 Assembly and Mounting Procedures 231 Chapter 4, Operating Instructions 232 Safe operating and function 232 Signals to be observed 232 Personal protection 232 Chapter 5, Maintenance 233 Maintenance 233 Instructions for repair and replacement parts 233 Instruction for fault-finding 234 Failure, Repair, and Troubleshooting 234 Chapter 6, Optional Modules and Special Tools 235 Special Tools and Equipment 235 Chapter 7, Maintenance Instructions for Unskilled Persons 236 Chapter 8, List of Spare Parts 239 Chapter 9, Taking the Product out of Operation 241 General 241 Storage 241 Recycling 241 Disposal 241 Table of contents 241 Script Writing 242 Standard Communication Principles 242

Unterrichtsmaterialien in digitaler und in gedruckter Form

Auszug aus:

Das komplette Material finden Sie hier:

Technical English for advanced pupils, metal workers, andtranslators with English as a foreign language

School-Scout.de