technical assistance consultant’s report · tenaga listrik), developing new and renewable energy...

Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report

This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents.

Project Number: 48323-001 January 2018

Republic of Indonesia: Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program (Financed by the Agence Française de Développement and the

Technical Assistance Special Fund)

Appendix E: PLN PV Procurement Workshop Support Appendix F: Renewable Incentives FGD 1—Current Policies Appendix G: Renewable Incentives FGD 2—Financing Gaps

Prepared by Castlerock Consulting, Indonesia in association with Economic Consulting Associates Ltd, United Kingdom and PT. Q Energy South East Asia, Indonesia

For Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry of Finance Perusahaan Listrik Negara

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SIEP Final Report – January 2018

APPENDIX E: PLN PV PROCUREMENT WORKSHOP REPORT

REPORT Technical Assistance to PLN: Workshop on Solar PV Procurement 23-24 May 2017

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Acknowledgement This report was prepared by Castlerock Consulting under a policy and technical assistance grant administered by the Asian Development Bank (ADB): Sustainable and Inclusive Energy Program (PATA 8826-INO). Inputs were provided by PT Synergy Engineering, Mott MacDonald, and Hadiputranto, Hadinoto and Partners. Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by ADB in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term “country” in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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Executive Summary Under Government Regulation No. 79 of 2014 on the National Energy Policy, the Government of Indonesia has targeted new and renewable energy to provide 23% of primary energy needs by 2025 (up from 6% in 2015). This target has been reaffirmed in the National Energy Plan signed by President Joko Widodo in January 2017. In addition, the country’s Nationally Determined Contribution to the Paris Agreement of 2015 calls for a 29% reduction greenhouse gas emission by 2030. As the state-owned enterprise for electricity supply, PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Negara – State Electricity Company) has planned accordingly to develop electricity by utilizing renewable energy. As stated in the Electricity Supply Business Plan (Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik, RUPTL) 2017-2026, PLN plans to expand electricity generation capacity to fulfill demand growth and to increase their supply by utilizing local energy resources, especially renewable energy. By November 2016, total installed capacity of generation in Indonesia had reached 51,915 MW which consists of PLN-owned generation of 39,859 MW, independent power producer (IPP)-owned generation of 8,867 MW and rented generation of 3,192 MW. Out of this total, 44% of total capacity is from coal power plants, 29.3% from gas power plants, 11.1% from diesel power plants, 8.9% from hydro power plants, 3.2% from oil-steamed power plants, 2.6% from geothermal, and 0.2% from various renewable energy. In January 2017, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) issued broad-based guidelines for purchasing electricity from renewable energy sources. Ministerial Regulation MEMR (Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Permen ESDM) No.12/2017 establishes pricing and selection guidance for all forms of renewable energy (including solar photovoltaic, wind, hydropower, biomass, biogas, municipal waste, and geothermal). This regulation requires PLN to purchase electricity from renewable sources with reference to national targets, prioritize the dispatch of renewable-based generation projects below 10 megawatts (MW) as “must-run” plants, and develop standardized procurement documents and power purchase agreements (PPAs). It requires tendering of wind and solar projects in in packages of at least 15 MW each and provides a benchmark price for all renewable generation technologies. The state-owned electricity corporation, PLN, plans to issue several tenders for solar and wind power procurement under this new regulation in the coming months, representing the first large-scale tenders for renewables in the country. The first tender will be for a combined 167 MW of solar power plants in Sumatera. The benchmark price will be tied to local average cost of generation (Biaya Pokok Penyediaan, BPP), which is approximately USD 7 cents/kWh. PLN plans to subsequently tender solar packages for Kalimantan, Maluku and Papua, and West Java. As stipulated by Permen ESDM 12/2017, PLN is also preparing standard power purchase agreements (PPAs) and standard bidding documents. As part of on-going assistance for clean energy development, ADB, in collaboration with AFD, has been providing support to PLN with tender preparation. ADB conducted a one-week consultation with PLN with a team comprising a solar PV specialist, power system planner, and other specialists in Jakarta. The workshop was designed to help PLN have a better understanding of solar PV procurement. It covered grid connection issues, solar PV development issues, and commercial

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and legal issues. The workshop was followed up by one day of in-depth one-on-one consultations between PLN engineers and the consultants. Representatives from PLN Headquarters and Regional Offices attended the workshop and one-on-one consultations. Representatives from ADB and AFD also attended the series of activities. The main findings from the workshop are as follows:

The effectiveness of solar PV procurement is still an issue for PLN. The grid code and distribution code do not adequately address renewable energy integration, particularly given the intermittent nature of wind and PV power generation.

The selection of projects was largely conducted in an ad hoc manner, with the bolstering of areas with forecast power deficits being the main criterion for project selection. As a result, many projects do not appear to be technically feasible due to grid conditions.

PLN has not conducted any grid-connected solar PV procurement to date. The rationale and objectives of the solar procurement seems unclear for some PLN Regional Office staff.

PLN seeks performance guarantees from IPPs, but guaranteeing energy production from solar and other intermittent power projects is not possible due to their intermittent and uncertain nature. For solar PV, PLN’s PPA instead works on the basis of guaranteeing plant capacity under defined operating conditions. However, this approach is not used elsewhere in the world.

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Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................... E-3 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... E-6

Background .................................................................................................................. E-6 Objective ...................................................................................................................... E-6 Proposed Assistance ................................................................................................... E-6 Agenda ......................................................................................................................... E-7

Presentation ..................................................................................................................... E-7 Integration of Intermittent Renewable Power Plant in Power System Planning ........... E-7 Grid Impact Studies for Integrating Utility Scale Solar PV into PLN Networks ............. E-8 Solar PV Generation in the Region .............................................................................. E-8 Solar Development Challenges in Indonesia ............................................................... E-9 Procurement of Solar PV Projects ............................................................................. E-10 Solar PV Power Purchase Agreement ....................................................................... E-10

Findings ......................................................................................................................... E-11 Recommendation for next step ...................................................................................... E-12 Appendix 1: Workshop’s Agenda ................................................................................... E-14 Appendix 2: Workshop’s Documentation ....................................................................... E-16

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Introduction

Background 1. The Government of Indonesia recognizes that a climate-friendly social and economic development path is a key factor for sustainable development. The government has set the target to reduce emissions by 29% by 2030, and this reduction could reach 41% subject to availability of international support. In addition, the government has set an ambitious target of 23% of renewable energy share in its primary energy mix by 2025 in the 2014 National Energy Policy, which has been reaffirmed in the National Energy Plan. To increase renewable energy production in the electricity mix, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) of the Republic of Indonesia stipulated Ministerial Regulation No. 12/2017 on Utilization of Renewable Energy Resources for Electricity Supply. 2. According to the Electricity Law No. 30/2009, the government is obliged to control the electricity supply. Through national electricity company Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN), the government controls electricity supply, distribution, and demand. Ministerial Regulation No.12/2017 also mandates (i) PLN to purchase electricity from renewable energy generators to achieve the targeted energy mix and electrification targets, and (ii) the manner in which PLN may procure electricity supply from various renewable energy resources. 3. In PLN’s Electricity Supply Business Plan (RUPTL, Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik), developing new and renewable energy is one of PLN’s policy objectives. Therefore, PLN is planning to develop new and renewable energy in the form of geothermal, hydro, wind, solar, and bioenergy. Furthermore, PLN is obliged to treat renewable energy projects with a capacity below 10MW as “must run” plants. PLN must procure solar PV and wind projects through open tender. Adequate preparation of the tender process is the key to achieve positive outcomes and low prices. The required preparation includes (i) technical analysis (i.e. resource quality analysis and grid studies), and (ii) commercial analysis. However, PLN has only limited resources and capacity to develop proper criteria based on technical and commercial studies.

Objective 4. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Agence Francaise de Developpment (AFD) are jointly providing technical assistance to PLN to support the renewable energy procurement preparation. The objective of the support is as follows: a. To improve PLN’s knowledge on renewable energy tendering preparation b. To improve the capacity of PLN’s staff on the tendering process. c. To provide PLN with methods and support to evaluate the suitability of particular

sites for solar PV development from the standpoint of grid conditions. d. To provide inputs for preparation of a standard power purchase agreement (PPA)

and standard bidding documents in purchasing renewable energy by PLN.

Proposed Assistance 5. ADB-AFD initiated the assistance with a 3-day consultation with a team comprising: Solar PV Specialist Power System Planner Other specialists (legal expert, renewable energy tender specialist) 6. The assistance included a one-day workshop, covering technical issues and commercial issues on solar PV procurement process.

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7. Key technical and commercial issues for PLN were discussed during the workshop. This covered grid integration (injection from renewable energy and stability), technical and economic criteria for tendering, and key aspects in the PPA for renewable energy. Lessons learned from renewable energy procurement, primarily solar PV, from selected countries were presented as well. This aims to increase PLN’s knowledge on solar PV so they can prepare proper tendering processes and criteria in the future.

Agenda 8. The assistance was conducted in 4th week of May (please see attachment 1 for detailed agenda), with detailed scheduled as follows: 22 May – Afternoon – Kickoff meeting within the team to discuss issues 23 May – workshop at PLN on solar PV procurement – technical and commercial

issues 24 May – detailed one-on-one consultations in small groups at PLN - with engineers

from PLN Wilayahs and Pusat.

Presentations

Integration of Intermittent Renewable Power Plant in Power System Planning 9. Renewable energy (RE) penetration into power systems globally will continue to grow rapidly as has been forecasted by the International Energy Agency in their Energy Outlook 2015, as well as BP in their energy outlook. Both analyses show that renewable energy will be the highest growth in electricity power production compared to other types of primary energy resources. One of the reasons for this is the declining price of RE, mainly solar and wind. A defining characteristic of RE is energy from a sustainable natural resource, but production is intermittent, which makes RE more difficult to integrate into power systems. 10. Economic evaluation of RE rests mainly on the capital expense as operation and maintenance expense is minor. Economic evaluation will depend principally on construction cost, and its economic life and discount rate, which reflects the cost of financing. Other important parameters that must be considered are availability of RE resources and their characteristics. This will determine the productivity of RE. 11. RE resource availability will determine the energy that is produced, hence it will determine the economic viability as well. There are several publicly available sources of information on resource availability but they are usually not as detailed and accurate as needed for an in-depth, investment-grade analysis. At least using this information, we can estimate and approach the characteristic.

12. One such source of information is the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) World Solar Irradiation Atlas (http://globalsolaratlas.info/). This site provides average solar irradiation around the world with 1 km-sq resolution. This allows us to estimate production of a solar power plant anywhere in the world.

13. Intermittency is one challenge that must be considered when integrating RE into power systems. There are several mitigations that are available and implementable for RE intermittency. These include site size limitation, multiple site diversity, storage, fast response conventional generation elsewhere on the grid and forecasting of RE output. These mitigations will be more effective if supported by regulation, such as grid and distribution code. 14. There are several simulation tools for integrating RE into power system capacity expansion planning. One of the simulation tools is PLEXOS Simulator by Energy Exemplar.

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This simulation will optimize capacity planning (long term), create a production simulation by optimizing available resources, and show chronologic dispatch of each power plant. 15. Sumba Island was used as a case study in the presentation. Data on solar and wind have hourly resolution for 1 year and were extended into 10 years of simulation time. Results of the simulation show that a combination of RE (solar & wind) and fossil energy (gas engine) is needed in Sumba. This shows that fossil fuel is still needed, while RE will minimize the consumption of LNG. Fossil fuel is still needed for supporting capacity need, while RE will support on energy need. This sort of capacity expansion planning should be followed by grid impact studies.

Grid Impact Studies for Integrating Utility Scale Solar PV into PLN Networks 16. This presentation describes a structured approach to performing grid impact studies for the interconnection of utility scale solar PV into PLN’s networks. Because PLN is responsible for hundreds of separate electricity grids around Indonesia, a single “one size fits all” approach and assessment criteria is neither practical nor advisable. Rather, the concept of “weak” and “strong” grid connections are introduced taking into account the characteristics of the network relative to the power plant to be connected. 17. Weak grid connections are subdivided into high impedance and low inertia connection points. A weak high impedance connection point is one that has a Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) of less than 3 (as per IEEE Std 1204). These types of connection points are typically characterized by long radial upstream feeders and low short circuit levels, leading to issues relating to voltage regulation / stability and increases in active power losses. 18. A weak low inertia connection point is associated with the connection of a large power plant relative to the frequency response characteristics of the system, i.e. the power plant has a large influence on the frequency of the system. It is proposed that a connection point is weak if the Stiffness Ratio (SR) is less than 4. Low inertia connection points are typically associated with small isolated power systems with a high mix of diesel or gas engine generator capacity (i.e. low inertia machines). The key issues surrounding low inertia connection points are frequency stability and issues with conventional generator dispatch and loading (such as maintaining minimum machine loading and spinning reserve). 19. Lastly, strong connection points are those that have SCR >3 and SR >4. In such cases, there are no major issues foreseen in the connection of solar PV plants and standard grid impact studies apply for checking the evacuation of the power to the grid and short circuit contributions.

Solar PV Generation in the Region 20. Despite huge resources and ambitious national and regional targets, uptake of solar in South East Asia (SEA) has been limited so far. The main barriers identified so far include:

– Data availability for preliminary assessments, – Grid connection and integration, – Access to land, – Regulatory frameworks (complex, frequently changing), – Perception of high cost still exists, – Very short timelines for bid preparations, – Local content expectations, – Access to financing, – Poor track record of some projects.

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21. These barriers can be overcome by an adequate procurement approach and lessons learned from existing projects in the region. Various approaches that could be applied to minimize the cost of energy in equatorial regions include the following:

– Optimisation of DC/AC ratio – East / East-West facing orientation – Layout optimization for complex terrain – Component selection based on latest technical developments and the site

conditions. 22. Procurement rules should allow new trends that provide value for money, as long as they don’t compromise the robustness of the projects. Current engineering, procurement and construction (EPC) cost in SEA region is ~USD 1,000/kWp for utility scale projects with good access. A very clear downward trend in cost can be observed, but conditions vary greatly and so do costs. All technical and commercial elements need to be considered when comparing tariffs achieved internationally (as evident from the comparison between Dubai and Indonesia projects):

– Irradiation – Economies of scale – Local content restrictions – Land cost – Responsibility for grid interconnection costs – Taxes and import duties – Country, currency and off-taker risk – Financing costs, and – PPA term and escalation provisions

Solar Development Challenges in Indonesia 23. Solar resource estimation is not yet mature for the Indonesian context. It is necessary to consider both ground-measured and satellite-derived data to ensure confidence in revenue estimates, to capture (i) long-term climate; (ii) modelling uncertainty; (iii) microclimate effects; and (iv) any impacts from air pollution. 24. BMKG (Indonesia Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics) has more than 60 meteorological stations with solar irradiation measurements. However, this information is not easily accessible to developers and consultants and its quality needs to be assessed. 25. Adequate site assessment is key for a successful project. Logistics can have a huge impact on the delivery of the project and need to be factored in the design and procurement. 26. Lessons from elsewhere in the SEA region regarding design and equipment selection remain relevant, for example:

– Material selection to avoid corrosion, – Enclosures for electrical components adequate for high temperatures and

humidity, – Flood mitigation and drainage design,

27. During operations, inverter outages are typically the key revenue risk under plant owner control:

– Nuisance trips from low isolation resistance, particularly during damp periods (e.g. from DC cable selection; damage to cable insulation; poorly specified ducting; inadequate drainage),

– Nuisance trips due to over-voltage and/or coordination of settings (e.g. for varied AC cable lengths),

– Lack of local maintenance or spares storage base, particularly for inverter suppliers without a prior installed base in the country.

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28. Grid-related constraints on power sales remains a central concern for island networks (this was discussed in more detail by the other presenters).

Procurement of Solar PV Projects 29. Auctions represent best practice for RE procurement, providing price discovery and control over volumes and cost. Auction risks can be managed by adequate selection of design features: demand, qualification requirements, winner selection and seller liabilities. There is no single formula for successful auctions, but ensuring competition is key. 30. Valuable lessons learned from South African REIPPP, Scaling Solar and Kenyan auctions study were discussed. A multi-stage, solar specific auction seems appropriate as a first step in Indonesia. The option of pre-selected sites or at least pre-selected area/connection substation should be explored.

Solar PV Power Purchase Agreement 31. The presentation highlights the Indonesian solar power purchase agreement, which is a new model power purchase agreement and relatively different compared to the previously issued model agreement in 2013. 32. The presentation first covered the contractual structure and objectives of a power purchase agreement and the roles of the parties involved in a power project in order to get a general understanding where a power purchase agreement sits and why it is an important project document. 33. The presentation points out key terms of a power purchase agreement as they relate to different stages of the project, such as construction, operation, and power supply. Under the terms of the power purchase agreement, an IPP would be required to construct a power plant and the transmission line, and be ready to operate by a certain targeted commercial operation date. The contract will also define consequences of delay, force majeure, term and termination etc. 34. The solar power purchase agreement introduced by PLN suggests key differences in terms of supply guarantee from other power purchase agreements. For example, in thermal PPAs, energy supply guarantee is possible due to constant fuel source, whilst for solar power purchase agreement, it is impossible for the IPP to guarantee if the sun will shine or for how long, and therefore, a guarantee is feasible only with respect to plant capacity under defined operating conditions. However, this type of guarantee is not used elsewhere in the world; elsewhere it is accepted that PV is intermittent and projects are sized and located so that the system can compensate for variation in output. The presentation also addresses the differences in the tariff components for solar power projects where it only comprises components A (capital cost recovery), B (fixed and variable O&M) and C (transmission line capital cost recovery). 35. The presentation further addresses the key concerns relating to Regulation of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 10 of 2017 on the terms of a power purchase agreement ("Reg 10"), which does not apply to solar projects, but PLN indicates that it wants to follow the same principles under Reg 10 for solar power purchase agreements. Some of the key concerns are relating to the build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) model, Force Majeure conditions (PLN is relieved of payment obligations where PLN cannot take power due to (natural) Force Majeure, thereby PLN shifts government force majeure risk to power developers), and the take or pay period, which should be set by taking into account the debt period.

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Findings 36. The following points are the findings from the workshop and one-on-one consultations with PLN’s staff:

Planning departments from the PLN Wilayahs were given the responsibility to select the quotas and projects (capacity and location) for the upcoming solar PV tenders.

From discussions with planning staff, the selection of projects was largely conducted in an ad hoc manner, with the bolstering of areas with forecast power deficits being the main criterion for project selection. As a result, there are many projects that do not appear to be technically feasible since the local grid conditions were not assessed.

No technical assessment studies were performed for the selection of the solar PV projects. It appears that PLN has no simulation models for most of the smaller isolated grids.

During the breakout session, the Sumatera projects were categorized into Strong, Weak (Low Inertia) and Weak (High Impedance) connections based on a preliminary screening. PLN will follow up by collecting the required technical data to conduct a more detailed evaluation.

The participants from procurement divisions were new and had never done any procurement to date. They expect that the solar procurement would be rolled-out in Java next year.

The rationale and objectives of the solar procurement seem unclear to some PLN staff. The workshop was useful to share knowledge and increase buy-in among stakeholders.

The allocation of capacity for the announced solar tenders is decided by the planning teams of each Wilayah. It appears that the solar capacity is selected only based on a simple threshold (e.g. no more than 5% of the total peak generation capacity in each system). It seems that no specific grid studies are being conducted to select the capacity allocation or the interconnection point of the projects.

An area of concern for the participants (shared by the consultant team) is the feasibility of interconnection and dispatch of future solar PV projects.

Procurement documents were not available for review by the consultant, and the below findings are purely based on verbal communications from PLN, which in some cases presented some contradictions.

The basic structure of the procurement seems reasonable with a staged process: prequalification (PQ) and request for proposal (RFP) stage; and multi-round approach: one region first and then lessons learned to be applied to next regions.

The PQ is focused on the capabilities of the prospective bidders to develop, build and operate the project. It includes legal, financial and track-record requirements.

The RFP package seems to be still under preparation. The contents of the RFP are unclear; it was mentioned that it includes a draft PPA, details of the project sites and the point of interconnection. However, based on subsequent discussions, it seems that the last two items are actually not included.

The evaluation is based on a combined technical and financial score. The weights are not clear at this stage but in other PLN procurement processes the technical component can have up to a 60% weight.

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The tender timelines are challenging for the bidders, with one week to respond to the PQ and one month to respond to the RFP. Considering that the prequalified bidders are provided with little information (no solar data, no interconnection study) and that the project site is not pre-selected by PLN, one month seems insufficient to prepare a well-informed proposal.

There is a local content requirement in the tender process. While this is feasible for some components and beneficial to develop local industry, it should be carefully considered not to affect the competitiveness. At the moment, it would seem that the PV module local content requirement effectively means that there is only one possible Tier 1 supplier.

The documentation of the Scaling Solar initiative was shown to the participants, with particular focus on the up-front advisory work to select the project site, define the project capacity and the technical limits of the interconnection; and the Minimum Functional Specifications.

Guaranteeing supply of energy for solar and other intermittent power projects is not possible for intermittent power project, and the possible approach is by way of guaranteeing the plant capacity under defined operating conditions (Though this is not used elsewhere in the world. Elsewhere PV projects are sized and located so that the power system can accommodate the variability of PV output);

The relief of PLN's payment obligation due to PLN’s inability to take power caused by a force majeure event and the shifting government force majeure risk to developers are major bankability concerns;

There is no restriction for PLN to set take or pay at full term of PPA; and There is no regulatory requirement for solar projects to be set on a BOOT

basis;

Recommendations for next steps 37. PLN is undertaking significant efforts to increase the uptake of solar in their system. The upcoming tenders show some positive features, but the overall impression is that they might not attract enough competition; bidders will be pricing the risks/uncertainties associated in the absence of information, and the lack of upfront grid impact/interconnection studies may compromise the feasibility of some projects. 38. Throughout our interactions during the workshop we have identified several areas of future work. Below are some proposed follow-up actions which could be supported by ADB-AFD and carried out by independent consultants:

Assist PLN with technical evaluation of projects already selected for upcoming solar PV tenders (starting with the Sumatera tender packages) when all data is collected

Assist PLN with developing clearly defined assessment criteria and framework for conducting grid impact studies. The studies can be further developed into integration of intermittent RE in power system planning, penetration level of intermittent RE, and mitigation of intermittency studies.

Assist PLN with developing the grid code and updated distribution code for renewable energy integration.

PLN (or a consultant) to conduct whole of system studies for each of the major grids (e.g. Sumatera interconnected system, Jawa-Bali, etc.) that incorporates all intermittent power plants in the system. This is done to determine system-level limits for solar PV and wind penetration.

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Solar resource: the solar irradiation data recorded by BMKG meteorologicalstations is currently not accessible. Technical support to compile, assess and makethis data easily available would significantly benefit solar development in thecountry.

Tender documents: independent review and update of the current tender designand the existing tender documents: RFQ, RFP (project agreements, studies,technical requirements) and evaluation criteria.

Grid integration, as elaborated by other presenters:o Review and update of Grid Code for integration of intermittent renewable

energy generation;o System studies for each of the major grids to determine potential

penetration of renewables.

Terms of reference for upfront work required to define project sites, project capacityand technical limits of the interconnection of future tender processes.

Capacity building within the relevant PLN teams on procurement, solar/wind energyand grid impact studies.

In order to promote and support for the development of solar power projects, PLNshould consider adopting a model of power purchase agreement that applies riskallocation principles, and removing the major bankability concerns raised by Reg10;

There must be an integrated view and actions taken by the Government, PLN andstakeholders in respect of solar projects development and for this purpose, it isimportant for the Government to issue an implementing regulation that governs thedevelopment of intermittent power projects.

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Appendix 1: Workshop’s Agenda ADB-AFD Support to PLN on RE Procurement Venue: PLN Pusat, Jakarta, Indonesia Participants: Representatives from PLN Pusat and PLN Wilayah Date: May 22, 2017

Time Agenda Speaker 13.00 pm – 15.00 pm

Kickoff meeting representatives from ADB, AFD, and PLN

Led by Toru Kubo Asian Development Bank

Date: May 23, 2017

Time Agenda Speaker 9.00 am – 9.30 am

Registration

9.30 am – 10.30 am

Session 1: Grid impacts on integrating renewable energy

9.30 – 10.00 am Integration of renewable power in system planning

I Made Rosakya Castlerock Consulting

10.00 – 10.30 am

Grid impact studies for integrating utility-scale solar PV plants into PLN networks

Dharma Susanto Castlerock Consulting

10.30 – 10.45 am

Coffee/Tea Break

10.45 – 12.15 pm

Session 2: Solar PV Development

10.45 – 11.15 am

Solar PV generation in the region Mr. Inaki Perez Solar Team Leader, Mott MacDonald

11.15 – 11.45 am

Solar development challenges in Indonesia

Mr. Inaki Perez Solar Team Leader, Mott MacDonald

11.45 – 12.15 pm

Solar procurement program Mr. Inaki Perez Solar Team Leader, Mott MacDonald

12.15 – 1.30 pm Lunch Break 1.30 - 2.30 pm Session 3: Legal and commercial issues 1.30 - 2.00 pm Legal issues on solar PV

development Baker MacKenzie

2.00 – 2.30 pm Commercial issues Baker MacKenzie 2.30 – 2.45 pm Coffee/Tea Break 2.45 – 3.45 pm Q&A Session

Date: May 24, 2017

Time Agenda Speaker 8.30 – 09.00 am

Registration

09.00 – 10.30 am

One-on-one consultation on solar pv development Resource person: Inaki Perez, Mott McDonald

10.30 – 12.00 pm

One-on-one consultation on grid impacts Resource person: Castlerock Consulting

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Time Agenda Speaker 8.30 – 09.00 am

Registration

12.00 – 1.00 pm

Lunch Break

1.00 – 3.00 pm One-on-one consultation on legal and commercial issues Resource Person: Baker MacKenzie

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Appendix 2: Workshop’s Documentation

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APPENDIX F: RENEWABLE INCENTIVES FGD 1 – CURRENT POLICIES

This appendix contains four presentations from MEMR, DEN, INDEF and BKPM which is presented during the first FGD. The first FGD mainly discuss about the current policy in Indonesia's RE sector.

These presentations are provided below.

KEMENTERIANESDM1

KEMENTERIAN ENERGI DAN SUMBER DAYA MINERALDIREKTORAT JENDERAL ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN DAN KONSERVASI ENERGI

FGD Percepatan Investasi Energi Terbarukan, Jakarta 31 Juli 2017KEMENTERIANESDM

2

Outline

I. Kebijakan dan Peraturan Pengembangan EBTKE 3

II. Potensi dan Target Penyediaan Energi Primer EBT 5

III. Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan berdasarkan RUPTL dan Roadmap EBT 7

IV. Penyederhanaan Perizinan dan Insentif 10

V. Upaya Pengembangan EBT 13

VI. Tantangan dan Kemitraan Strategis 16

KEMENTERIANESDM3

Proses bisnis yang semakin jelas, terukur,sederhana dan cepat

Penggunaan teknologi yang efektif, efisiendan memberikan keekonomian proyekyang bagus

Peningkatan kompetensi sumber daya manusia

yang meliputi pengetahuan, keahlian dan

pengalaman

I. KEBIJAKAN PERCEPATAN PENGEMBANGAN EBTKE

KEMENTERIANESDM4

1. Undang-undang Nomor 30 tahun 2007 tentang Energi; Undang-undang ini merupakan regulasi payung, meskipun memberikan penekanan khusus terhadap EBT Pasal 20 ayat (3) mengamanatkan bahwapenyediaan energi baru dan energi terbarukan wajib ditingkatkan oleh Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah sesuaidengan kewenangannya;

2. Undang-undang Nomor 30 tahun 2009 tentang Ketenagalistrikan;

3. Undang-undang Nomor 21 tahun 2014 tentang Panas Bumi;

4. Undang-undang Nomor 16 tahun 2016 tentang Pengesahan Paris Agreement To The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change

5. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 79 tahun 2014 tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional, Pasal 9mengamanatkan bahwa peran Energi Baru dan Energi Terbarukan paling sedikit 23% tahun 2025 dan paling sedikit 31% tahun 2050 sepanjang keekonomiannya terpenuhi;

6. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Panas Bumi untuk Pemanfaatan Tidak Langsung;

7. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 4/2016 tentang Percepatan Infrastruktur Ketenagalistrikan, Pasal 14 mengamanatkan bahwa pelaksanaan percepatan infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan mengutamakan pemanfaatanenergi baru dan terbarukan;

8. Peraturan Presiden Nomor 22/2017 tentang Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN);

9. Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemanfaatan Sumber Energi Terbarukanuntuk Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik dan Peraturan Menteri Nomor 43 Tahun 2017 tentang Perubahan atas Permen ESDM Nomor 12 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemanfaatan Sumber Energi Terbarukan untukPenyediaan Tenaga Listrik;

10. Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 39 Tahun 2017 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Fisik PemanfaatanEnergi Baru dan Energi Terbarukan;

11. Beberapa Peraturan Menteri Keuangan tentang insentif fiskal dan non fiskal pengembangan EBT.

I. Peraturan Pendukung Energi Baru Terbarukan

KEMENTERIANESDM5

II. Potensi Energi Baru Terbarukan

Kapasitas terpasang

Pembangkit saat ini

Rencana

Pembangunan Pembangkit

59.656 MW

35.000 MW+7.500 MW

New project

Potensi :

75 GW + 19,3 GW

Realisasi

PLTA 5,124 GW

PLTMH 0,162 GW

(1,19%)

441,7 GW8,80 GW

(2% terhadap potensi)

Air Surya Panas Bumi

Angin Bioenergi

Potensi : 207,8 GWp

Realisasi

PLTS 0,085 GWp

(0,02%)

Potensi

Sumber Daya : 11,0 GW

Reserve : 17,5 GW

Realisasi

PLTP 1,65 GW

(0,36%)

Potensi : 60,6 GW

Realisasi

PLTB :1,1 MW

(0,0002%)

Laut

Potensi

PLT Bio : 32,6 GW

BBN : 200 Ribu Bph

Realisasi

PLT Bio : 1,78 GW (0,4%)

Potensi : 17,9 GW

Energi FosilCadangan

TerbuktiProduksi Akan habis

Minyak Bumi 3,6 miliar barel 288 Juta barel 13 tahun

Gas Bumi 100,3 TSCF 2,97 TSCF 34 tahun

Batubara 7,2 miliar ton 434 juta ton 16 tahun

KEMENTERIANESDM6

23%

25%

30%

22%

II. Target Penyediaan Energi Primer EBT Tahun 2025

92,2MTOE

69,2MTOE

23,0MTOE

Biofuel 13,69juta kilo liter

Biomassa 8,4juta ton

Biogas 489,8juta m3

CBM46,0

mmscfd

Listrik

EBT 45

GW

1. PLT Panas Bumi, 7,2 GW

2. PLT Hidro, 17,9 GW

3. PLT Mikrohidro, 3 GW

4. PLT Bioenergi, 5,5 GW

5. PLT Surya, 6,5 GW

6. PLT Angin, 1,8 GW

7. PLT EBT lainnya, 3 GW

EBT

Minyak

GasBatubara

~ 400

MTOE

Kapasitas Pembangkit Listrik Nasional 135 GW

Kapasitas Pembangkit Listrik EBT 45 GW

Berdasarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 22 Tahun 2017 tentang

Rencana Umum Energi Nasional (RUEN)

F-2


KEMENTERIANESDM7

III. Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan berdasarkan RUPTL

Total Indonesia

Wilayah Maluku & PapuaWilayah Sulawesi & Nusa Tenggara

Wilayah KalimantanWilayah Sumatera

No Pembangkit Listrik Kapasitas Total

1 Panas Bumi MW 6.290

2 Air MW 12.343

3 Mini/Mikro Hidro MW 1.694

4 Surya MWp 57

5 Bayu MW 570

6 Biomas/ Sampah kota MW 597

7 Laut MW 0

8 Bio-Fuel Ribu KL 6.572

Total MW 21.549


1 Panas Bumi MW -

2 Air MW 1.056

3 Mini/Mikro Hidro MW 10

4 Surya MWp -

5 Bayu MW 15


7 Laut MW -

8 Bio-Fuel Ribu KL 830

Total MW 1.257



2 Air MW 4.284


4 Surya MWp 5

5 Bayu MW -


7 Laut MW -


Total MW 8.851


1 Panas Bumi MW 400

2 Air MW 2.323


4 Surya MWp 52

5 Bayu MW 170


7 Laut MW -

8 Bio-Fuel Ribu KL 4.423

Total MW 3.186



2 Air MW 4.562


4 Surya MWp -

5 Bayu MW 250


7 Laut MW -


Total MW 7.965


1 Panas Bumi MW 75

2 Air MW 118


4 Surya MWp -

5 Bayu MW -


7 Laut MW -


Total MW 290

Berdasarkan RUPTL 2017 – 2026 PT. PLN Persero

Wilayah Jawa-Bali

KEMENTERIANESDM8

*Asumsi: Filipina (1.870 MW) dan Amerika (3.450 MW) tidak mengalami penambahan kapasitas

0 37110

7.560 35

205 215 165 220

866

450

858

650

1,175

999

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

-

1,000.0

2,000.0

3,000.0

4,000.0

5,000.0

6,000.0

7,000.0

8,000.0

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Ta

mb

ah

an

Ka

pa

sita

s (M

W)

Re

nca

na

Ka

pa

sita

s (M

W)

Rencana Kapasitas Tambahan Kapasitas

Kapasitas Terpasang (per Juli 2017) :

1.698,5 MW Penambahan kapasitas

terpasang 2017 terdiri dari:

1.PLTP Ulubelu Unit 4 (55 MW) (COD

25 April 2017)

2.PLTP Karaha Unit 1 (30 MW)

3.PLTP Sorik Marapi (Modular, 20 MW)

4.PLTP Sarulla Unit 2 (110 MW)

Indonesia

peringkat ke-2

dunia melampaui

Filipina

Indonesia

peringkat ke-1

dunia melampaui

Amerika

III. Roadmap Panas Bumi (1/2)

KEMENTERIANESDM9

ROADMAP BIODIESEL (Minimum)

Sektor April 2015 Januari 2016 Januari 2020 Januari 2025

Usaha Mikro, Usaha Perikanan, Usaha Pertanian,

Transportasi, dan Pelayanan Umum (PSO)

15% 20% 30% 30%

Transportasi Non PSO 15% 20% 30% 30%

Industri dan Komersial 15% 20% 30% 30%

Pembangkit Listrik 25% 30% 30% 30%

B2 – B7,5 B10 B15 B20

III. Roadmap Mandatori BBN (2/2)

Implementasi Biodiesel

KEMENTERIANESDM10

IV. Perizinan dan Non Perizinan

1. Ditjen EBTKE telah mengelola 6 jenis perizinan dan 25 jenis non perizinan.

2. Penyederhanaan perizinan telah dilakukan dengan pelimpahan 3 perizinandilaksanakan oleh BKPM antara lain:

1. Penugasan Survei Pendahuluan Panas Bumi

2. Izin Panas Bumi

3. Izin Penggunaan Gudang Bahan Peledak Panas Bumi

3. Penyederhanaan non perizinan telah dilakukan dengan pelimpahan 1 non perizinanyang dilaksanakan oleh BKPM, penghapusan 9 non perizinan dan saat ini dalamproses penghapusan 8 non perizinan lainnya.

4. Ditjen EBTKE tetap mengelola 3 jenis perizinan dan 7 jenis non perizinan.

63

25

7

02468

10121416182022242628

Awal Akhir

Perizinan (P) Non Perizinan (NP)

P : 3 ke BKPM

NP : 1 ke BKPM

9 dihapus

8 dalam proses dihapus

KEMENTERIANESDM11

IV. Insentif Fiskal dan non Fiskal (1/2)

11

No. Tax Allowance Bea Masuk Pendanaan

1. Peraturan Pemerintah No. 1 Tahun 2007 jo. PP

No. 62 Tahun 2008 jo. PP No.52 Tahun 2011

memberikan fasilitas berupa pengurangan PPh

netto 30% dari nilai investasi selama 6 tahun,

penyusutan dan amortisasi dipercepat.

Keputusan Menteri Keuangan No.

766/1992 memberikan fasilitas berupa

impor barang operasi oleh Pengusaha

untuk keperluan Pengusahaan sumber

daya Panasbumi tidak dipungut Bea

masuk, Pajak Pertambahan Nilai, Pajak

Penjualan atas Barang Mewah dan

Pajak Penghasilan.

Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No.

139/PMK.011/2011 mengatur tata cara

pemberian jaminan kelayakan usaha PT.

Perusahaan Listrik Negara (Persero)

untuk pembangunan pembangkit tenaga

listrik dengan menggunakan energi

terbarukan, batubara, dan gas yang

dilakukan melalui kerjasama dengan

pengembang listrik swasta.

2. PMK Nomor 144/PMK.011/2012 memberikan

fasilitas pajak penghasilan untuk penanaman

modal di bidang-bidang usaha tertentu

dan/atau di daerah-daerah tertentu berupa

pengurangan PPh netto 30% dari nilai investasi

selama 6 tahun, penyusutan dan amortisasi

dipercepat


78/PMK.010/2005 memberikan fasilitas

pembebasan bea masuk atas impor

barang untuk kegiatan pengusahaan

Panas Bumi berdasarkan kontrak

sebelum berlakunya UU No. 27 Tahun

2003 tentang Panas Bumi.

Peraturan Menteri Keuangan -No.

03/PMK.011/2012 yang mengatur tata

cara pengelolaan dan

pertanggungjawaban fasilitas dana panas

bumi geothermal.

3. PMK Nomor 159/PMK.010/2015 memberikan

fasilitas pengurangan pajak penghasilan badan

paling banyak 100% dan paling sedikit 10%.



Pembebasan bea masuk atas impor

barang untuk kegiatan usaha hulu

minyak dan gas bumi serta panas bumi.

-

KEMENTERIANESDM12

IV. Insentif Fiskal dan non Fiskal (2/2)

12

No. Tax Allowance Bea Masuk Pendanaan

4.

PMK Nomor 89/PMK.010/2015 mengatur tata

cara pemberian fasilitas pajak penghasilan

untuk penanaman modal di bidang usaha

tertentu dan/atau di daerah tertentu serta

pengalihan aktiva dan sanksi bagi wajib pajak

badan dalam negeri yang diberikan fasilitas

pajak penghasilan.



perpajakan dan kepabeanan untuk

kegiatan pemanfaatan sumber energi

terbarukan

-

5.

PMK Nomor 268/PMK.03/2015 mengatur tata

cara pemberian fasilitas dibebaskan dari

pengenaan pajak pertambahan nilai atas impor

dan/atau penyerahan barang kena pajak

tertentu yang bersifat strategis dan tyata cara

pemnbayaran pajak pertambahan nilai barang

kena pajak tertentu yang bersifat strategis yang

telah dibebaskan serta pengenaan sanksi


70/PMK.011/2013 Perlakuan Pajak

Pertambahan Nilai dan Pajak Penjualan

atas Barang Mewah atas Impor Barang

Kena Pajak Yang Dibebaskan dari

Pungutan Bea Masuk

-

F-3


KEMENTERIANESDM13

Penugasan kepada BUMNPemerintah akan memberikan penugasan kepada BUMN Panas Bumi dalam rangka pengembangan hulu

dan hilir panas bumi berdasarkan UU 21 tahun 2014

Penugasan Survei Pendahuluan + EksplorasiInvestor yang memenuhi persyaratan memiliki kesempatan untuk mendapatkan Penugasan Survei

Pendahuluan hingga tahap eksplorasi. Sebagai insentif wilayah kerja akan dilelang melalui mekanisme

penunjukan langsung

Pengeboran Eksplorasi oleh Pemerintah & Geothermal FundMengoptimalkan pemanfaatan dana Geothermal Fund sebesar USD 300 juta yang dikelola oleh PT. SMI

untuk melakukan eksplorasi sebelum pelelangan WKP. Hal ini juga sebagai upaya mitigasi risiko untuk

menurunkan risiko kegagalan dalam pengembangan panas bumi.

Pelelangan WKP Indonesia TimurPemerintah akan fokus melakukan pelelangan WKP di wilayah Indonesia Timur khususnya di daerah yang

memiliki BPP setempat lebih tinggi dari BPP Nasional

V. Upaya Pengembangan Panas Bumi (1/3)

KEMENTERIANESDM14

V. Upaya Pengembangan Bioenergi (2/3)

1. Mandatori Bahan Bakar Nabati B-20 (80% Solar, 20% Biodiesel),

2. Biogas Nasional, Non Komersial (Investasi Pemerintah) dan Semi Komersial (Penerapan

Subsidi Parsial)

3. Pengembangan Bioenergi Berbasis Hutan, Bekerjasama dengan Kementerian

Kehutanan, merupakan Pencadangan kawasan hutan produksi yang khusus diperuntukan

untuk pembangunan hutan energi sebagai sumber bahan baku bioenergi

4. Pulau Ikonis Energi Terbarukan (Sumba Iconic Island), Penyediaan sumber energi

baru terbarukan di Pulau Sumba, NTT sebesar 100% pada tahun 2025.

5. Biomassa Untuk Listrik, Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biomassa dengan

menggunakan bahan baku limbah biomassa dan sampah kota

KEMENTERIANESDM15

V. Upaya Pengembangan Aneka EBT (3/3)

1. Mendorong prioritas pengembangan Aneka EBT: Jangka pendek 1-3 tahun: PLTS (5.000 MW), PLTM/ PLTMH dan PLTB; Jangka menengah 4 – 7 tahun: Pengembangan PLTA, PLT Gasifikasi Batubara

(PLTGB), PLT Gelombang Laut (PLTGL);

2. Upaya pemerataan energi melalui penyediaan akses energi modern dengan EBT

melalui Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK);

3. Penyusunan Road Map Aneka EBT bidang Energi Samudera, Hidro, Surya, Angin,

Batubara Tergaskan dan Nuklir;

4. Penyusunan SNI dan SKKNI bidang Aneka EBT.

KEMENTERIANESDM16

VI. Tantangan

1. Penyamaan pola pikir dalam pengembangan EBTKE masih

perlu ditingkatkan;

2. Skema bisnis dan Insentif belum optimum;

3. Teknologi masih tergantung dari Luar Negeri (TKDN kecil);

4. Harga relatif masih mahal;

5. Potensi/Cadangan perlu diperbaharui;

6. Skala kecil dan tersebar;

7. Sistem Interkoneksi masih terbatas;

8. Masih terdapat resistensi masyarakat.

KEMENTERIANESDM17

VI. Kemitraan Strategis

Berperan aktif dalam mendorong pemanfaatan

EBTKE;

Sebagai penerima manfaat, ikut berkontribusi

dalam menjaga keberlanjutan pemanfaatan

EBTKE;

Ikut berkontribusi dalam diseminasi informasi

pemanfaatan EBTKE.

Government

Academy Bussiness

Community

Melakukan inovasi teknologi sekaligus

menyiapkan inkubator untuk komersialisasi

Melakukan survei dan kajian potensi EBTKE

Melakukan kajian kebijakan terutama

bagaimana memanfaatkan hasil riset

Melakukan kajian teknologi sebelum

dikembangkan pemerintah

Bersama-sama meningkatkan TKDN

Mendorong transfer teknologi informasi

Menyusun regulasi dan kebijakan;

Fasilitator;

Memberikan pembinaan dan pengawasan;

Melaksanakan program di bidang EBTKE;

Diseminasi informasi program EBTKE;

Pemerintah wajib mengembangkan sumber daya EBT

dan meningkatkan efisiensi energi

Melakukan pengusahaan EBTKE;

Memproduksi EBTKE;

Berkontribusi dalam penerimaan negara dan

kegiatan ekonomi.

EBTKE

KEMENTERIANESDM18

www.esdm.go.id

F-4


KEMENTERIANESDM19

Upaya ke Depan

Upaya khusus dan strategi untuk pencapaian target EBTantara lain:

1. Melakukan sosialisasi untuk penyamaan pola pikir stakeholder dalam pengembangan EBTKE;

2. Mendorong prioritas pengembangan:• Jangka pendek 1-3 tahun: mendorong PLT Bioenergi (PLTBg 1000MW,

PLTBm 1000MW), PLTS (5000MW) dan PLTB;• Jangka menengah 4 – 7 tahun: pengembangan panas bumi, PLTA

3. Penugasan kepada BUMN (PT. PLN Persero dan PT. PertaminaPersero);

4. Penyempurnaan iklim investasi melalui penyediaan insentif dan kemudahan prosedur;

5. Bekerjasama dan berkolaborasi dengan investor Internasionaldan institusi bilateral/multilateral.

KEMENTERIANESDM20

7.7

3

4

5

6

7

8

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

%

Tahun

Bauran Energi Primer

Keterangan:

- *) Angka revisi/ final;- EBT non listrik adalah pemanfaatan biodiesel;

- Sumber Data Energi Primer Batubara, Minyak Bumi & Gas Bumi dari Handbook of Energy & Economic Statistics of Indonesia, Pusdatin.

Bauran EBT meningkat rata-rata 0,54% setiap tahun

No. Jenis EBTbauran energi primer (sbm)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 *)

1.

EBT LISTRIK 48.184.711 49.766.625 51.684.252 60.680.698 66.732.677 73.497.500 75.655.946

EBT NON LISTRIK 1.262.264 2.032.075 3.786.792 5.932.075 10.443.396 5.179.245 17.150.943

% 4,4% 4,3% 4,5% 5,2% 6,4% 6,7% 7,7%

2.BATU BARA 281.400.000 334.142.760 377.892.961 406.368.974 321.597.105 364.619.216 416.666.804

% 25,1% 28,0% 30,8% 31,6% 26,5% 31,2% 34,6%

3.MINYAK BUMI 518.405.561 546.635.311 533.830.676 542.950.370 544.795.076 444.807.454 407.624.859

% 46,3% 45,8% 43,5% 42,2% 44,8% 38,1% 33,8%

4.GAS BUMI 269.942.185 261.708.332 259.456.414 270.134.751 271.375.371 279.632.345 288.546.809

% 24,1% 21,9% 21,2% 21,0% 22,3% 23,9% 23,9%

TOTAL 1.119.194.721 1.194.285.103 1.226.651.095 1.286.066.868 1.214.943.625 1.167.735.760 1.205.645.361

% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

7.7%

34.6%

33.8%

23.9%

Bauran Energi Primer 2016

EBT

Batubara

Minyak Bumi

Gas Bumi

KEMENTERIANESDM21

Program Andalan Pengarusutamaan EBTKE

1. Penyusunan Regulasi EBTKE;

2. Penyediaan energi listrik yang ekonomis;

3. Mandatori Bahan Bakar Nabati B-20 (80% Diesel, 20% FAME); Program Hutan Energi.

4. Pemerataan energi melalui Penyediaan Akses Energi Modern dengan EBT seperti PLTP, PLTMH, PLTS, PLTB, PLTBg, PLTSa dan Penerangan denganLampu Tenaga Surya Hemat Energi (LTSHE) untuk desa belum berlistrik;

5. Percepatan Pembangunan PLTP melalui:

1. Penugasan ke BUMN/BLU;2. Penugasan Survei Pendahuluan + Eksplorasi; 3. Pengeboran eksplorasi oleh Pemerintah.

6. Mandatori Efisiensi Energi kepada Bangunan Pemerintah, BUMN dan Industri; Program Kampanye Potong 10%.

F-5


© Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal, 2017

Jakarta, 31 Juli 2017

Up Date Kebijakan Investasi Mendorong Pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Energi Baru Terbarukan

Deputi Bidang Perencanaan Penanaman Modal, BKPMTamba P. Hutapea

Disampaikan pada FGD Percepatan Investasi Energi Terbarukan, Kemenko Bidang Perekonomian

The Investment Coordinating Board of the Republic of Indonesia

2

2

Realisasi Investasi

(dalam Miliar USD) 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014Total

2010-142015 2016

2017

(SMT 1)2018* 2019*

Total

2015-19*

PMA 16.4 19.5 24.6 28.6 28.5 117.6 29.3 28.9 15.6 38.1 43.8 171

PMDN 6.7 8.4 10.2 13.6 14.5 53.5 14.4 15.8 9.6 22.9 27.9 98.6

Total Realisasi 23.2 27.9 34.8 42.2 43.0 171.0 43.6 44.7 25.2 61.0 71.8 269.7

Target Realisasi Investasi

*nilai tukar 1 USD = IDR 13,000.-• 2010-2012, Nilai Tukar 1 USD = Rp 9,000

• 2013 (Q I and Q II), Nilai Tukar 1 USD = Rp 9,300 (berdasarkan APBN 2013)

• 2013 (Q III and Q IV), Nilai Tukar 1 USD = Rp 9,600 (berdasarkan APBN 2013)

• 2014 (QI-QIII) Nilai Tukar 1 USD = Rp 10,500 (berdasarkan APBN 2014)

• 2014 (QIV) Nilai Tukar 1 USD = Rp 11,600 (berdasarkan APBN-P 2014)

• 2015 Nilai Tukar 1 USD = Rp 12.500 (berdasarkan APBN-P 2015)

• 2016 Nilai Tukar 1 USD = Rp 13.900 (berdasarkan APBN-P 2016)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

FDI DDI TargetPMA PMDN


3

InfrastrukturProgram

Ketenagalistrikan35 GW

24 PelabuhanLaut

Pertanian Tanaman PanganPerkebunan

JagungSapi

Industri

Industri Padat Karya TekstilMakanan &Minuman

Furnitur Mainan

Industri SubstitusiImpor

Kimia & Farmasi Besi & Baja

Industri BerorientasiEkspor

Alat ElektronikaMinyak KelapaSawit & Produk

Turunannya

Produk Kayu, Pulp, & Kertas

Otomotif

Mesin Produk KaretIkan & Produk

TurunannyaUdang

Industri Hilir SumberDaya Alam

Cokelat GulaBatubara (Smelter)

Industri Kemaritiman Galangan Kapal PemancinganPenyimpanan(Cold Storage)

Kawasan Pariwisata, KawasanEkonomi Khusus dan Kawasan

Industri

KawasanPariwisataStrategis

MICE 8+11 KEK15 Kawasan

Industri Baru

Sektor Prioritas Investasi

Prioritas Investasi


4

PMA

55%

PMDN

45%

Realisasi Proyek EBT (2009 – 2016)

PPMA : USD 1,75 Milliar

PMDN : USD 1,43 Milliar

Total : USD 3,18 Milliar

PMA

82%

PMDN

18%

Rencana Proyek EBT (2009 – 2016)

PMA : USD 61,59 Miliar

PMDN : USD 13,69 Milliar

Total: USD 75,28 Milliar

Rencana danRealisasi Investasi Sektor Ketenagalistrikan

PLTA,

188,483

PLTAL15

PLTB1,562

PLTBg14.442

PLTBm1.916

PLTM212,321

PLTMH

19.442

PLTP

1,426

PLTS

39,192PLTSA

3,162 PLTBg dan PLTBm

10

TOTAL KAPASITAS

RENCANA PEMBANGKIT EBT (MW)

2009 - 2016

Catatan:

PLTS: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya

PLTSa: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah

PLTBg: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biogas

PLTBm: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biomassa

PLTA: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air

PLTB: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu/Angin

PLTAL: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Laut

PLTM: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Minihidro

PLTMH: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro

PLTP: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Panas Bumi


5

Pelayanan

Terpadu Satu

Pintu (PTSP)

Pusat BKPM

SatuPintu

22 Kementerian/

Lembagaterintegrasi

3-hourIzin Investasi 3

Jam

All sectors128 izindidelegasikankepada BKPM

17,238Izin diterbitkan

dalam Jan-Des

2015

KLIKKemudahan

Investasi

Langsung

Konstruksi

90%PTSP Daerah telah terbentuk. 61% PTSP Daerah menerapkan e-licensing

3-hourIzin Investasi

untuk Sektor

Infrastruktur

Industri, ketenaga-listrikan, minyak & gas bumi, pariwisatasatu pintu

PTSP PusatBKPM

Perbaikan Pelayanan Investasi


6

2 41Pengajuan Izin

PrinsipPTSP PUSAT

Pengajuan InsentifBisnis

PTSP PUSAT

Pengajuan IzinBisnis

PTSP PUSAT

Proses perizinan untuk penanaman modal asing, antar provinsi, dan strategis:

3Pengajuan Izin Operasi

PTSP Daerah

Jenis Izin Unit TerkaitIzin Lokasi PTSP Daerah Regional/Kota

Izin Konstruksi PTSP Daerah Regional/Kota

Sertifikat Lahan Pertanahan Regional/Kota

Izin Lingkungan Regional Environment Office

HO (Hinderordonnantie) PTSP Daerah Regional/Kota

Insentif Unit TerkaitTarif Import Perpajakan

Tax Allowance Kementerian Keuangan

Tax Holiday Kementerian Keuangan

O&G Recommendation Kementerian Perdagangan,Kementerian ESDM

Izin pemanfaatan hutan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup danKehutanan

PTSP pusat meliputiperwakilan dari 22 Kementerian/Lembaga

PTSP pusatmenyelenggaran layananproses izin 3 jam

Fasilitas KLIK pada 32kawasan industri & KEK

Kegiatan bisnis bisasegera dimulai

*Syarat & Ketentuan berlaku

BKPM telah menyempurnakan layanan One-Stop Service /PTSP Pusat

Source: BKPM

F-5


F-6


The Investment Coordinating Board of the Republic of Indonesia 7

Des 2014Sistem Perizinan

Online

Jan 2015Pendirian PTSP Pusat

di BKPM

Okt 2015Layanan Izin Investasi

3 Jam (3 jenis izin)

Jan 2016Layanan Izin Investasi 3

Jam (8 izin + 1)

Jan 2017Layanan Izin

Investasi 3 Jam bidang ESDM

Juli 2017Izin Prinsip Digital

Inovasi Layanan Perizinan Penanaman Modal

PTSP

ESDM

Terhitung sejak 3 Juli 2017, BKPM menggunakan Izin Prinsip Digital untuk

Penanaman Modal dalam format Sertifikat dan Tanda Tangan Digital.

online-spipise.bkpm

5

2

DAHULU SEKARANG

Sistem onlinehttp://online-

spipise.bkpm.go.id

Sistem Onlinehttp://online-

spipise.bkpm.go.id

Back office Penandatanganansecara digital1

1 2

Pemohon

FOLDERPERUSAHAAN

Back officePengajuan

permohonan secaraonline3

4Penerbitan secara digital

(digital document)PenandatangananTata Usaha https:// .go.id/Pemohon


1

2

1

PERCEPATAN LAYANANBKPM

Copyright © 2017 Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board. All rights reserved.

9

BKPM memperkenalkan pelayanan izin investasi 3 jam untuk melengkapi Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu

Persyaratan dalam memanfaatkan pelayanan izin investasi 3 jam yaitu:

BKPM

1. Berlaku untuk investor yang memiliki rencana investasi (baru atau perluasan)minimial sebesar Rp 100 milyar (USD 8 juta) dan/atau mempekerjakan 1.000TKI.

2. Aplikasi harus diserahkan secara langsung setidaknya satu kandidat dari usulanperusahaan terkait.

• Tiba di PTSP Pusat BKPM dari Bandara Internasional.

• Berkonsultasi dengan Direktur Pelayanan Investasi.

• Menyampaikan dokumen & data yang dipersyaratkan.

Menanti di lounge selama dokumen

perizinan diproses oleh BKPM, Notaris in-

house, K/L terkait.

Mendapatkan 8 izin & surat booking

tanah dalam waktu 3 jam untuk

memulai bisnis.

9 izin yang diperoleh

Kepastian untuk memulai bisnisKepastian untuk Importasi

Barang Modal

Izin Investasi

Akta Pendirian Perusahaan &

Pengesahannya

NPWP

Tanda Daftar Perusahaan (TDP)

Angka Pengenal Importir

Produsen (APIP)

Nomor Identitas Kepabeanan

(NIK)

Kepastian untuk bekerja Informasi Tanah yang Akurat

Rencana Penggunaan TKA (RPTKA)

Izin Mempekerjakan TKA (IMTA)Surat booking tanah

Tanpa Persyaratanuntuk investasi di sektor infrastruktur

Status Implementasi (Jan 2016-Mar 2017)

Jan-Dec 2016 Jan-Mar 2017

231 Perusahaan

64,796 Pekerja Lokal

Rencana Investasi: IDR

689.52 trillion

49 Perusahaan

53,538 pekerja lokal

Rencana investasi: IDR

179.48 trillion

Proyek ESDM (Jan - Mar 2017)

Jan-Mar 2017

8 perusahaan

12 izin sudah dikeluarkan

Rencana Investasi: IDR 16.41 trillion

Pengembangan IklimInvestasi


10

• Direktur tiba di PTSP• Menyampaikandokumen persyaratan.

MenerimaIzin permintaan produk

BKPM

9 jenis perizinan

Dikeluarkan oleh PelayananESDM3

Persyaratan Pelayanan ESDM3J diberikan jika

perusahaan sudah memenuhi daftar

administrasi dan persyaratan teknis

yang tercantum dalam Permen

ESDM No. 15 tahun 2016

Menunggudi Priority Lounge

• PTSP: Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu• ESDM: Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral

NO Jensi Pelayanan Pelayanan Regular

1. Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Listrik 20 hari kerja

2.Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Minyak/ Bahan Bakar/ Penyimpanan

LPG32 hari kerja

3. Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Penyimpanan Produk Olahan/CNG

32 Hari kerja untuk produk

olahan

---------

40 hari kerja untuk CNG

4. Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Penyimpanan LNG 32 hari kerja

5. Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Kilang Minyak 32 hari kerja

6. Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Pengolahan minyak Residu industri 32 hari kerja

7. Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Pengolahan Gas Alam 32 hari kerja

8.Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Perdagangan Umum Minyak / Bahan

Bakar40 hari kerja

9. Izin Usaha Sementara untuk Perdagangan Umum Produk Olahan 40 hari kerja

Pelayanan terbaru izin investasi 3 jam untuk Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral


IZIN PRINSIP_DIGITAL SIGNATURE


11

Meningkatkan jumlah fasilitas konstruksi langsung

KLIK(Kemudahan Layanan Investasi Langsung Konstruksi)

Tanpa Persyaratan• Tanpa syarat minimum investasi atau pekerja

• Tersedia untuk 32 kawasan industri terpilih di 10 Provinsi

• Izin Konstruksi dapat

• Construction permits can be diperoleh secara paralel dengan

proses konstruksi

Investor dapat secara langsung memulai konstruksi proyek mereka sebelum mendapatkan izin konstruksi. Pelayanan ini didukung oleh pemerintah daerah dan

pemerintah pusat

Memperoleh izin investasi dari PTSP

daerha maupun pusat.

• Survey lahan sesuai dengan kawasan industri yang

terpilihs.

• Dapatkan lahan untuk kawasan industri anda

• Mulai konstruksi untuk proyek anda. Tanpa izin

persyaratan lainnya

• Terapkan izin konstruksi dan izin lingkungan

yang sesuai selama proses konstruksi.

23Projects

Commercial Prod.

Nilai investasi IDR 4.13 Trn, total

luas 63.54 ha, berlokasi di 6 KI

22Projects

Construction phase

Nilai investasi IDR 4.13 Trn, total

luas 256.54 ha, berlokasi di 11 KI

45Projects

Preparation phase

Nilai investasi IDR 113.34 Trn, luas

947.94 ha, berlokasi di 11 KI

Proyek yang sudah memanfaatkan KLIK (mei 2017): 90 proyek, nilai investasi IDR 124.66 Trilliun, Total

luas 1,268.02 ha, yang berlokasi di 13 kawasan industri (KI)

Tersedia di

32 Kawasan

Industri di 10 Provinsi



12

Sektor Ketenagalistrikan Batasan Maksimal Kepemilikan Saham Asing

Pembangkit Listrik (KBLI: 35101)

< 1 MW Tertutup untuk PMA

1 – 10 MW 49 %

≤ 10 MW 67 % (untuk PLTP)

> 10 MW 95 % (untuk non KPBU) atau100% (untuk KPBU selama masa konsesi)

Transmisi Tenaga Listrik (KBLI: 35102)95 % (untuk non KPBU) atau

100% (untuk KPBU selama masa konsesi)

Distribusi Tenaga Listrik (KBLI: 35103)95 % (untuk non KPBU) atau

100% (untuk KPBU selama masa konsesi)

Konsultasi di Bidang Instalasi Tenaga Listrik (KBLI: 71102)

95%

Pembangunan dan Pemasangan Instalasi Tenaga Listrik (KBLI: 42213, 43211)

95% (untuk Pembangkit Listrik), 49% (untuk Transmisi Tenaga Listrik),

Tertutup untuk PMA (untuk Distribusi Tenaga Listrik)

Pengoperasian dan Pemeliharaan Instalasi Tenaga Listrik (KBLI: 43211)

95%

Pemeriksaan dan Pengujian Instalasi Tenaga Listrik(KBLI: 71204)

49% (untuk Pembangkit Listrik dan Transmisi Tenaga Listrik), Tertutup untuk PMA (untuk Distribusi Tenaga Listrik)

Ketentuan Kepemilikan Saham Asing di Sektor Ketenagalistrikan:(Perpres No. 44 Tahun 2016 – Daftar Negatif Investasi)

Batasan Kepemilikan Saham Asing

F-5


F-7


http://online-

http://online-


13

PAJAK PENGHASILAN(TAX ALLOWANCE)

PP No. 9/2016 jo PP No. 18/2015

145 bidangusaha(Daftar bidang usaha dalamLampiran PP 9/2016)

30% darijumlahinvestasiPengurangan penghasilannetto selama 6 (enam) tahun, yaitu sebesar 5% per tahun

Penyusutan dan amortisasi yang

dipercepat.

Pajak Penghasilan atas

penghasilan dividen yang

dibayarkan kepada subjek

pajak luar negeri selain

bentuk usaha tetap di

Indonesia

≤ 10%

• berlokasi di Kawasan

Industri dan/atau Kawasan

Berikat

• melakukan

pembangunan

infrastruktur• menggunakan bahan baku

dalam negeri ≥70%.

Kompensasi kerugian 5-10 tahun, bagi

perusahaan yang:• menyerap tenaga kerja

500-1.000 orang

• melakukan kegiatan

penelitian dan

pengembangan (R&D)

• melakukan reinvestasi

• melakukan ekspor ≥30% dari penjualan.

PEMBEBASAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN (TAX HOLIDAY)

PMK No.159/PMK.010/2015

5-15yearsPembebasan Pajak Penghasilan sejak TahunPajak dimulainya produksi komersial. Dapatdiperpanjang hingga maksimum 20 tahundengan diskresi Menteri Keuangan.

Industri Pionir1. Industri logam hulu

2. Industri pengilangan

minyak bumi;

3. Industri kimia dasar

organik yang

bersumber dari minyak

bumi dan gas alam

4. Industri permesinan yang

menghasilkan mesin

industri

5. Industri pengolahan

berbasis hasil pertanian,

kehutanan, dan

perikanan

6. Indsutri telekomunikasi,

informasi dan komunikasi

7. Industri transportasi

kelautan

8. Industri pengolahan yang

merupakan industri

utama di Kawasan

Ekonomi Khusus (KEK);

dan atau

9. Infrastruktur ekonomi

non KPBU.

Pengurangan Pajak Penghasilan Badan:

10% -1 00 % dari Pajak Penghasilan badanyang terhutang.

> IDR1TrilliunRencana Investasi: (USD 80 Juta)

Untuk industri telekomunikasi, informasi dankomunikasi (ICT):

≤ 50 % dari Pajak Penghasilanbadan yang terhutang.

IDR50Miliar - IDR1TrilliunRencana Investasi:

PEMBEBASAN BEA MASUK(IMPORT DUTY FACILITY)

PMK No.176/PMK.011/2009 jo.

PMK No. 76/PMK.011/2012 jo. PMK

188/PMK.010/2015

PMK No. 66/PMK.010/2015

Pembebasan Bea Masuk atas Impor

Barang Modal dalam rangka

Pembangunan atau Pengembangan

Industri Pembangkitan Tenaga Listrik

untuk Kepentingan Umum

2 tahunPembebasan bea masuk atasimpor mesin

2 tahunPembebasan bea masuk atas

impor barang dan bahan untuk

keperluan produksi sesuai

kapasitas terpasang

4 tahun (tambahan2 tahun)Pembebasan bea masuk atas impor

barang dan bahan untuk keperluan

tambahan produk apabila

menggunakan mesin dalam negeri:

>30% daritotal nilaimesin

Insentif Investasi Sektor Energi

The Investment Coordinating Board of the Republic of Indonesia 14

Fasilitas Impor Barang Modal

Percepatan dan kepastian dalam pemrosesan customs clearance

Lebih cepat dan pasti•Tidak perlu screening barangmodal.•Memotong waktu pemrosesan dari 3-5 hari menjadi hanya 30 menit.

Persyaratan mudah• Proyek dalam tahap konstruksi• Memenuhi kewajiban pelaporan

LKPM Triwulanan ke BKPM• Rekomendasi dari BKPM

PENYELESAIAN KEPABEANAN (CUSTOMS

CLEARENCE)

4 status pengecekan kepabeanan:

•Jalur Merah untuk perusahaan baru.

Dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik & dokumen

sebelum barang dipindahkan dari

pelabuhan.

•Jalur KuningHanya dilakukan pengecekan dokumen

sebelum barang dipindahkan dari

pelabuhan.

•Jalur HijauPengecekan dokumen dilakukan setelah

barang dipindahkan dari pelabuhan.

•Prioritas Mitra Utama untuk perusahaan

dengan track record yang terbukti baik. Tidak

diperlukan pengecekan.

Fasilitas Baru:

Peningkatan Statusdari jalur merah ke jalur hijau untuk

perusahaan baru yang dalam tahap

konstruksi

Perbaikan Iklim Investasi


15

No.JenisEnergiTerbarukan

Pelaksanaan Pembelian

Tarif

Jika

BPP S ≤ BPP NJika

BPP S > BPP N

1. PLTS PV (Surya)Pelelangan berdasarkan kuota kapasitas yangditawarkan

100% x BPP S Maksimum 85% x BPPS

2. PLTB (Bayu/Angin)Pelelangan berdasarkan kuota kapasitas yangditawarkan

100% x BPP S Maksimum 85% x BPPS

3. PLTA (Air)

Harga Patokan Kesepakatan para pihak Maksimum 100% BPPS

Pemilihan Langsung Harga ditentukan pada proses pemilihan langsung

a. Tenaga Air ≤ MW: Capacity Factor paling sedikit 65%b. Tenaga Air > 10 MW: Capacity Factor tergantung kebutuhan sistem

4. PLTBm (Biomassa)Harga Patokan (Kapasitas ≤ MW) 100% x BPP S Maksimum 85% x BPPS

Pemilihan Langsung (Kapasitas > 10MW) Harga ditentukan pada proses pemilihan langsung

5. PLTBg (Biogas)Harga Patokan (Kapasitas ≤ MW) 100% x BPP S Maksimum 85% x BPPS

Pemilihan Langsung (Kapasitas > 10MW) Harga ditentukan pada proses pemilihan langsung

6.PLTSa (SampahPerkotaan)

Harga Patokan Kesepakatan para pihak Maximum 100% BPP S

7. PLTP (Panas Bumi) Harga Patokan Kesepakatan para pihak Maximum 100% BPP S

BPP Pembangkitan sistem setempat dan rata – rata BPP Pembangkitan nasional merupakan BPP Pembangkitan nasional pada tahun sebelumnyayang telah ditetapkan oleh Menteri berdasarkan usulan PT PLN (Persero).

(Permen ESDM No. 12 Tahun 2017 sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Permen ESDM No. 43 Tahun 2017)

Catatan: BPP S: Biaya Pokok Penyediaan Sistem SetempatBPP N: Biaya Pokok Penyediaan Nasional

Sumber: Kementerian ESDM, 2017

Harga Pembelian Tenaga Listrik EBT


16

BPP Pembangkitan PT PLN (Persero) Tahun 2016(Periode 1 April 2017 – 31 Maret 2018)

Catatan:• Dalam hal sampai dengan akhir periode belum terdapat penetapan besaran BPP Pembangkitan terbaru, maka BPP Pembangkitan di atas tetap berlaku

sampai dengan ditetapkannya besaran BPP Pembengkitan terbaru.• Dalam hal terdapat lokasi tertentu yang belum terlistriki oleh PLN dan belum terdapat penetapan besaran BPP Pembangkitan, maka besaran BPP

Pembangkitan ditetapkan sebesar sama dengan besaran BPP Pembangkitan tertinggi.

Sumber: Kepmen ESDM 1404 K/20/MEM/2017

10.39

9.28

8.07

10.14

7.86 7.77

13.66

12.17

6.51 6.51 6.51 6.52 6.54 6.62

12.43

9.04

10.20

12.75

8.10

13.68

17.52 17.32

13.54

7.39

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00(sen US$ per kWh)

BPP Sistem Setempat

BPP Pembangkitan Nasional

Produksi Tenaga Listrik


17

2. One Stop Service

Deskripsi

Sejak diberlakukannya harga beli listrik EBT berdasarkan Permen No. 12/2017, maka pasar menganggap harga tersebut sangat

rendah dan tidak layak untuk investasi suatu proyek pembangkit listrik EBT di Indonesia. Bahkan berapa investor yang sudah

punya izin prinsip dan izin konstruksi tidak dapat merealisasikan proyeknya.

Hal ini terjadi karena dukungan pemerintah tidak berubah/belum optimal sejak penerbitan Permen tersebut. Padalah diketahui

rendahnya harga beli listrik di UEA yang dijadikan referensi/benchmark penerbitan Permen ESDM 12/2017 adalah karena adanya

dukungan dan insentif yang maksimal dari pemerintah negara tersebut.

Kondisi ini tentunya akan menjadikan target pengembangan pembangkit EBT 23 % tahun 2025 sulit tercapai.

Deskripsi

Batas kepemilikan saham asing hanya 49% untuk pembangkit di bawah 10 MW sangat tidak menarik, khususnya untuk EBT.

Karena karakteristik kapasitas pembangkit proyek EBT pada umumnya (PLTS, PLTB, PLTM) kecuali PLTP dan PLTA adalah di bawah

10 MW.

Harga Pembelian Listrik EBT

Batas Kepemilikan Saham Asing

Usulan Solusi

1.Perlunya insentif fiskal (tax holliday) baru untuk bidang usaha pembangkit EBT.

2.Perlu dukungan pemerintah yang lebih maksimal (Kementerian ESDM), misalnya pembebasan lahan ditanggung oleh

pemerintah lewat APBN atau pembebasan dilakukan oleh pengembang dan kemudian diganti oleh LMAN.

3.Khusus untuk PLTP, Insentif dan dukungan khusus dari pemerintah sangat diperlukan karena proyek ini membutuhkan

investasi besar dan risiko yang besar sejak tahap eksplorasi. Bentuknya selain pembebasan lahan oleh swasta, juga dukungan

perbankan nasional dalam memberikan bunga pinjaman yang murah dan, proses perizinan yang cepat.

Usulan Solusi

Perubahan DNI ketentuan maksimum kepemilikan saham asing khusus untuk pembangkit EBT diatas 1 MW adalah 95 %.

(1/3)Kendala Umumyang dihadapi Investor pada Proyek Pembangkit Listrik EBT


18

Deskripsi

Penyelesaian perizinan untuk proyek pembangkit listrik terutama di daerah (Izin Lokasi, Izin Lingkungan, IMB) sering

membutuhkan waktu yang panjang dan tidak pasti. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah belum adanya standarisasi dokumen

perizinan dan Standard Operating Procedure (SOP), sehingga pelayanan perizinan tidak sama di setiap daerah. Seringkali proyek

pembangkit listrik EBT yang merupakan Proyek Strategis Nasional atau Prioritas Nasional terhambat pemberian izinnya karena

kurangnya dukungan pemerintah pusat dan daerah dalam mempercepat realisasi proyek-proyek dimaksud.

Sementara itu, investor memiliki batas waktu 1 tahun untuk menyelesaikan perizinannya sesuai waktu Financial Close yang

disepakti dengan pihak PT PLN.

Perizinan Pusat dan Daerah

.

Usulan Solusi

1. Perlu ada integrasi sistem perizinan pusat dan daerah untuk pelayanan perizinan EBT, diantaranya bagi proyek-proyek yang

diusulkan untuk masuk dalam RUPTL PLN dan proyek-proyek yang merupakan Proyek Strategis Nasional atau Prioritas

Nasional)

2. Mempertimbangkan bahwa pembangkit listrik merupakan fasilitas umum, yang mana menurut UU No 2/2012 pengadaan

lahannya menggunakan metoda penetapan lokasi, bukan izin lokasi. Sehingga keterlibatan pemerintah sudah ada sejak awal

proyek dan biayanya dibebankan kepada pemerintah

(2/3)Kendala Umum yang dihadapi Investor pada Proyek Pembangkit Listrik EBT

Deskripsi

Pembangunan jaringan transmisi dari lokasi pembangkit ke Gardu Induk menjadi tanggung jawab pengembang. Walaupun

dipertimbangkan dalam penentuan harga beli listrik, tetapi sering menambah beban investasi yang cukup besar, apalagi untuk

proyek pembangkit EBT dengan harga saat ini.

Jaringan Transmisi

Usulan Solusi

Jika dimungkinkan, pembangunan jaringan transmisi dilakukan oleh swasta tetapi kemudian diganti oleh PLN.

F-8



19

Deskripsi

Pengembalian investasi untuk proyek pembangkit listrik berbasis sampah (PLTSa) harus didukung oleh pendapatan dari biaya

pengelolaan sampah (Tipping Fee) dari Pemkab/kota terkait. Namun sebagian besar Pemerintah Kota tidak dapat memenuhi

kewajibannya menyediakan anggaran tipping fee yang layak.

Tipping Fee Proyek PLTSa

Usulan Solusi

Penetapan kembali harga pembelian listrik khusus untuk PLTSa sesuai dengan Permen ESDM No 44 Tahun 2015. Diharapkan

dengan harga listrik yang lebih baik walaupun Tipping Fee yang kurang dari target, sehingga investasi proyek PLTSa tetap

menarik.

(3/3)Kendala Umumyang dihadapi Investor pada Proyek Pembangkit Listrik EBT


20

Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM)

Indonesia Investment Coordinating Board

Jln. Jend. Gatot Subroto No. 44

Jakarta 12190 - Indonesia

t . +62 21 525 2008

f . +62 21 525 4945

e . [email protected]

PTSP Pusat Contact Center:

0807-100-BKPM (2576)

www.bkpm.go.id

Indonesia Investment Promotion Centre (IIPC)

Thank You

Terima Kasih

F-9


mailto:[email protected]

TINJAUAN KEBIJAKAN SEKTOR ENERGI TERHADAP

PERKEMBANGAN INVESTASI ENERGI BARU TERBARUKAN

DEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

Jakarta, 31 Juli 2017

ABADI POERNOMOANGGOTA UNSUR PEMANGKU KEPENTINGAN DEN


UU No 30 Tahun 2017tentang Energi

KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONALPeraturan Pemerintah No 79/2014

RUEN(Rencana Umum Energi

Nasional)

RUKN(Rencana Umum

Ketenagalistrikan Nasional)

RUPTL

(Rencana Usaha

Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik)

RUED - Provinsi

(Rencana Umum Energi

Daerah)

RUED – Kabupaten/Kota(Rencana Umum Energi

Daerah)

KEBIJAKAN DI SEKTOR ENERGI


KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONAL(PP NO. 79 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONAL)


Kebijakan Utama Kebijakan Pendukung

Ketersediaan Energi untuk

Kebutuhan Nasional

Prioritas Pengembangan Energi

Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Energi

Nasional

Cadangan Energi Nasioanl

Konservasi Energi, Diversifikasi Sumber Daya

Energi dan Diversifikasi Energi

Lingkungan Hidup dan Keselamatan

Harga, Subsidi dan Insentif Energi

Infrastruktur, Akses untuk Masyarakat, dan

Industri Energi

Penelitian, Pengembangan dan Penerapan

Teknologi Energi

Kelembagaan dan Pendanaan

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

5

6

ARAH KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONAL

F-6


F-10



01

03

PERUBAHAN PARADIGMA

terwujudnya paradigma baru bahwa energi sebagai modal pembangunan nasional

ELASTISITAS ENERGI

tercapainya elastisitas energi lebih kecil dari

1 (satu) pada tahun 2025 yang diselaraskan dengan

target pertumbuhan ekonomi

INTENSITAS ENERGI

tercapainya penurunan intensitas energi finalsebesar 1 (satu) persen per tahun pada tahun 2025

02

04 RASIO ELEKTRIFIKASI

tercapainya rasio elektrifikasi sebesar 85% padatahun 2015 dan mendekati sebesar 100% padatahun 2020

05 RASIO PENGGUNAANGAS RUMAH TANGGA

tercapainya rasio penggunaan gas rumah tangga pada tahun 2015 sebesar 85%

06 BAURAN ENERGI

tercapainya bauran energi primer yang optimal

SASARAN KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONAL(Pasal 9, PP No. 79 Tahun 2014)


TERWUJUDNYA KEMANDIRIAN DAN KETAHANAN ENERGI GUNA MENDUKUNG

PEMBANGUNAN NASIONAL

BERKELANJUTAN

TUJUAN KEBIJAKAN ENERGI NASIONAL(Pasal 5&6, PP No. 79 Tahun 2014)

terciptanya lapangan kerja

kemandirian pengelolaan energi

pengembangan kemampuan teknologi, industri energi dan jasa energi dalam

negeri agar mandiri dan meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya manusia

akses untuk masyarakat terhadap energi secara adil dan

merata

terjaganya kelestarian fungsilingkungan hidup

Sumber daya energi tidak dijadikan sebagaikomoditas ekspor semata tetapi sebagai modal pembangunan nasional

ketersediaan energi danterpenuhinya kebutuhan

sumber energi dalam negeri

pengelolaan sumber daya energisecara optimal, terpadu, dan berkelanjutan

ketersediaan energi danterpenuhinya kebutuhan sumber energi dalam negeri


Peningkatan:

• Pertumbuhan ekonomi

• Pertumbuhan industri

• Penyerapan tenaga kerj a

• Cukai BBM

• Premi pengurasan di hulu(depletion premium)

• Insentif fiskal

• Anggaran Pemerintah

Kemenkeu dan Bappenas

1. Kemandirian energi dicapai dengan

menjadikan energi sebagai modal

pembangunan

2. Mengoptimalkan pemanfatan energi,

untuk:

• pembangunan ekonomi

nasional

• penciptaan nilai tambah di

dalam negeri

• penyerapan tenaga kerja. Pasal 6 dan 7 PP No.79/2014

Perubahan paradigma energi

PP 79/2014 | Kebijakan Energi Nasional

Peningkatan porsi

gas & batubara

untuk domestik

dibanding ekspor

Penyelarasan

target fiskal

dengan kebijakan

energi

Multipliereffect

ekonomi

ENERGI SEBAGAI MODAL PEMBANGUNAN

Komoditi

Khusus

2014 2019 Ekspor

0%

Gas 57% 64% 2035

Batubara 20% 60% 2046


46%

26%

23%

5%

2015166 MTOE

23%

25%

30%

22%

2025412 MTOE

31%

20%

25% 1.030 MTOE

TARGET

RUEN 2050

24%

2050

Energi Baru dan Terbarukan Minyak BumiGas Bumi Batubara

TARGET

RUEN 2025

KONDISI

SAAT INI

TARGET BAURAN ENERGI DALAM KEN

TARGET KEN 2025 2050

Peran energi Sebagai modal pembangunan

Bauran EBT 23% 31%

Penyediaan energi > 400 MTOE > 1.000MTOE

Pembangkit Listrik > 115 GW > 430 GW

Elastisitas energi < 1 < 1

Listrik /kapita/thn 2.500 kWh 7.000 kWh

Rasio elektrifikasi 100% 100%

F-11



RENCANA UMUM ENERGI NASIONAL(PERPRES NO 22 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG RENCANA UMUM ENERGI NASIONAL)


6.9

07 7.

61

1

6.6

80

5.8

08

6.2

10

6.2

02

5.9

30

5.6

68

-

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

6.000

7.000

8.000

9.000

10.000 Satuan: MMSCFD

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Potensi Penambahan Produksi

dari Eksplorasi

CommittedProduksi

Potensipenambahan

produksi dari eksplorasi

Commitedproduksi

Potensi penambahan produksidari eksplorasi

Committedproduksi

78

6

52

0

56

8

67

7

80

9 81 8

77

0

69

9

0

2 00

4 00

6 00

8 00

1 .0 00

P otensial tam bahan produksi dari eksplorasi

Com m itted produks i

Potensi p enamb ahan p rod uksi d ari eksplorasi

Keg iatan EOR

Committed p rod uksi

Total

Potensi p enam b ahan p rod uk si

dari ek s p lorasi

Kegiatan EOR

Committed p rod uk si

2 01 5 2 02 0 2 02 5 2 03 0 2 03 5 2 04 0 2 04 5 2 05 0

Satuan: Rib u b op d

1. Menerapkan keterbukaan data migas dan tidak menjadikan data

migas sebagai objek Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP)

semata (KESDM)

2. Melakukan riset dasar eksplorasi migas, riset sistem petroleum

pra-tersier, riset sistem petroleum gunung api, dan riset gas

biogenic (KESDM)

3. Menyiapkan WK migas konvensional minimal 9 WK per tahun dan

penandatangan WK migas konvensional minimal 6 WK per tahun

(KESDM)

4. Melakukan survei umum migas minimal 3 wilayah per tahun

5. Mengoptimalkan produksi lapangan migas antara lain dengan

memberlakukan kontrak bagi hasil (PSC) khusus untuk kegiatan

Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) (KESDM)

6. Mempercepat keputusan status kontrak yang akan berakhir pada

lapangan-lapangan yang mempunyai potensi EOR (KESDM)

7. Mempercepat penyelesaian proyek gas bumi, antara lain Blok

Sengkang, Blok Matindok, Proyek IDD, Lapangan MDA-MBH, Blok

A, Lapangan Jangkrik, Lapangan Jambaran Tiung Biru, Proyek

Tangguh Train-3, Lapangan Abadi (Masela), dan Blok East Natuna

(KESDM)

8. Meningkatkan rasio pemulihan cadangan minyak dan gas bumi

hingga mencapai 100% pada tahun 2025, dengan meningkatkan

kegiatan eksplorasi secara masif menjadi tiga kali lipat (KESDM)

9. Meningkatkan keterlibatan negara dalam pendanaan kegiatan

eksplorasi (KESDM)

KEGIATANPROGRAM

PROFIL PRODUKSI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI


0

5 .0 00

1 0.00 0

1 5.00 0

2 0.00 0

2 5.00 0

2 01 5 2 02 0 2 02 5 2 03 0 2 03 5 2 04 0 2 04 5 2 05 0

A d d i tio n a l S u p p l y/ Im p o rt

C o m m it te d Su p p l y

R U E N

Com m itted Supply

Additional Supply/Import

P e rk ira a n d e f is it g a s

m u la i ta h u n 2 0 2 0

S a tu a n : M M S C F D

2 5 .8 6 9 ,1

9 .2 21,1

0

1

2

3

4

5

M in ya k m en ta h do m es tik

2 0 1 5 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 5 2 0 3 0 2 0 3 5 2 0 4 0 2 0 4 5 2 0 5 0

Im po r m in ya k m e n ta h

M in ya k m e n ta h do m estik

In pu t k ila n g

S a tu a n : Ju ta bo pd

Im po r min ya k m en ta h

2 ,2

4 ,6

1. Memastikan produksi minyak bumi tidak kurang dari

567,7 ribu barrel oil per day (BOPD) pada tahun 2025

(KESDM)

2. Mengurangi ketergantungan impor BBM secara

bertahap dan menghentikan impor BBM paling lambat

tahun 2025 (KESDM)

3. Mengurangi ekspor minyak mentah semaksimal

mungkin dalam rangka memprioritaskan kebutuhan

dalam negeri dan menghentikannya pada saat kilang

dalam negeri sudah mampu menyerap seluruh produksi

dalam negeri (KESDM)

4. Memastikan produksi gas bumi menjadi tidak kurang

dari 6.700 MMSCFD pada tahun 2025 (KESDM)

5. Mengurangi porsi ekspor gas bumi menjadi kurang dari

20% pada tahun 2025 dan menghentikan ekspor gas

bumi paling lambat tahun 2036, dengan menjamin

penyerapan produksi gas dalam negeri untuk industri

yang terintegrasi hulu-hilir, transportasi dan sektor

lainnya (KESDM)

6. Menyelesaikan kebijakan harga gas bumi dengan

membentuk badan penyangga gas nasional (KESDM)

KEGIATANPROGRAM

PASOKAN MINYAK MENTAH DOMESTIK DAN IMPORDEWAN ENERGI NASIONAL

1. Meningkatkan kapasitas kilang minyak nasional menjadi lebih dari 2 juta barel per hari pada tahun 2025, melalui pembangunan kilang baru dan Refinery DevelopmentMaster Plan (RDMP). (KESDM)

2. Menetapkan jenis dan volume cadangan operasional untuk keperluan minimal 30 hari konsumsi. (KESDM dan Kementerian BUMN)

3. Menetapkan jenis, jumlah, waktu, dan lokasi ser ta pengelolaan Cadangan Penyangga Energi (CPE) dan menyusun rencana induk/roadmap pengelolaan CPE. (Dewan Energi Nasional)

4. Memberikan insentif fiskal dan non fiskal untukpenjualan energi dalam negeri khususnya padakegiatan industri. (Kemenkeu)

5. Meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan publik Pemerintah Daerah yang mendukung percepatan penerbitan/penyerderhanaan izin dan pembangunan infrastruktur energi di daerah. (Kemendagri c.q. Pemda)

6. Meningkatkan rasio pemulihan cadangan (RRR) hingga mencapai 100% pada tahun 2025. (KESDM)

KEGIATANPROGRAM

2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

Potentialtambahan kilangbaru

ImporBBM

Produksi BBM dari kilangdalam negeri

KebutuhanBBM sesuai KEN

Impor BBM

Produksi BBM dari

Kilang dalam negeri

Potential Tambahan Kilang Baru1,76

3,72Satuan: Juta bpd

1,41,6

2,1

2,4

2,8

3,3

PEMBANGUNAN KILANG DAN PENYEDIAAN MINYAK

F-12



2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050

1. Mengendalikan produksi batubara maksimal sebesar 400 juta ton mulai tahun 2019 dengan prioritas pemenuhan kebutuhan dalam negeri dan menghentikan ekspor padasaat kebutuhan domestik mencapai 400 jutaton. (KESDM)

2. Mengurangi porsi ekspor batubara secara bertahap dan menghentikan ekspor batubara paling lambat pada tahun 2046. (KESDM)

3. Membangun industri gasifikasi batubara. (Kemenperin)

4. Meningkatkan kapasitas industri kimia dasarberbasis migas dan batubara untuk peningkatan nilai tambah dan subtitusi impor. (Kemenperin)

5. Menyusun master plan rencana pembangunan pelabuhan terpadu batubara. (Kemenhub)

6. Meningkatkan pemanfaatan batubara untuksektor industri dengan target mencapai 55,2juta ton pada tahun 2025. (Kemenperin)

Kegiatan

Ekspor

Domestik

Pembangkit

Industri

DME

Gasifikasi

Total Produksi

96

439

205

Batubara - Juta Ton

Produksibatubara dibatasi 400 juta ton mulai 2019461,6 juta ton

Pembangkit

EksporIndustri

Dom

esti

k

Dimethyl Ether (DME) &

gasifikasi

KEGIATANPROGRAM

PROFIL PRODUKSI DAN PEMANFAATAN BATUBARA

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

365,8 288,1 274,8 251,6 232,9 220,4 194,8 147,3 59,9 0

63,2 82,4 94,2 106,8 120,0 131,1 152,3 186,7 248,5 326,6

15,8 43,5 44,5 45,6 47,0 48,4 55,2 67,4 92,9 114,8

- - - - - - 2,1 2,5 3,2 4,0

0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,4 0,5 0,7 0,9

461,6 414,0 413,0 403,0 400,0 400,0 400,0 400,0 400,0 438,7


2015 2020 2025

JENIS

EBT

135

443

60

1. Merencanakan rasio elektrifikasi tahun 2020 mendekati 100%. (KESDM)

2. Membangun infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan :

tahun 2025 sebesar 135,4 GW dengan Pembangkit Fosil sebesar90,4 GW dan EBT sebesar 45 GW

tahun 2050 sebesar 444,5 GW dengan Pembangkit Fosil sebesar275,4 GW dan EBT sebesar 169 GW (KESDM)

3. Menyusun mekanisme pemanfaatan lahan untuk penyediaan energi pada lahan yang tumpang tindih dengan kebutuhan lain. (Kementerian ATR)

4. Regionalisasi penyediaan listrik dengan cara membentuk wilayah usaha baru ketenagalistrikan di luar Jawa, Madura dan Bali. (Kementerian ESDM)

5. Menerapkan tarif dasar listrik progresif dan memberlakukan regionalisasi harga. (KESDM)

6. Menjaminan proyek infrastruktur energi yang strategis. (Kemenkeu)

7. Mengembangkan prototipe pembangkit listrik tenaga uap dengan TKDN 100% untuk kapasitas 200 MW ke bawah hingga siap komersial. (Kemenristek Dikti)

10. Memfasilitasi proses layanan penerbitan pinjam pakai, kerja sama, pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan, atau pelepasan kawasan hutan sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku. (KemenLHK)

KEGIATANPROGRAM

Pembangkit Fosil

Pembangkit EBT

PENGEMBANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK

2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 8. Memperkuat penerapan dan pemanfaatan teknologi dan komponen teknologi pembangkit listrik. (Kemenristek Dikti)

9. Mendorong pembentukan Engineering Procurement Construction(EPC) dalam negeri proyek ketenagalistrikan berkapasitas di bawah200 MW. (Kemenperin)

2015 20208.6 16.2

14.3% 19.4%

202545.2

33.3%

203069.7

36.6%

2040118.6

37.4%

2050167.6

37.8%

FOSIL 51.5

85.7%

67.3

80.6%

90.4

66.7%

120.6

63.4%

198.6

62.6%

275.4

62.2%

Total 60.1 83.4 135.5 190.2 317.2 443.1


* Tidak termasuk biofueluntuk pembangkit listrik sebesar 0,7juta KL tahun 2025 dan 1,2 juta KL tahun 2050

1. Membangun pembangkit EBT dengan rincian:

(KESDM)

2. Membentuk badan usaha EBT tersendiri. (Kementerian BUMN)3. Mengalokasikan subsidi feed-in tariff dari pembangkit EBT. (KESDM)

4. Menyediakan lahan seluas 4 juta hektar secara bertahap untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku BBN untuk menghasilkan 15,6juta kl biofuel. (Kementerian ATR)

5. Menyusun roadmap jenis tanaman prioritas bahan baku BBN dan menyiapkan benih tanaman dengan tetap menjaga ketahanan pangan. (Kementan)

6. Memenuhi target produksi biofuel minimal 15,6 juta kl di tahun 2025 dan 54,2 juta kl di tahun 2050. (KESDM)

7. Menyusun roadmap pengembangan biogas dan memenuhi target produksi sebesar 47,4 mmscfd tahun 2025. (KESDM)

8. Menugaskan BUMN/BLU untuk mengembangkan PLTP. (KESDM)9. Menugaskan BUMN khusus untuk produksi dan pembelian BBN.

(KESDM)10.Memperkuat litbang dan penerapan komponen industri energi

terutama EBT (Kemenristek Dikti)11.Menyiapkan lokasi panas bumi dan sumber energi air di kawasan

hutan konservasi dan hutan lindung (KemenLHK)12.Menyusun pedoman untuk mendorong potensi subsidi energi dari

Pemda (Kemendagri)

Jenis Pembangkit (MW) 2025 2050

Panas Bumi 7.239 17.546

Air & Mikrohidro 20.960 45.379

Angin 1.807 28.607

EBT Lainnya 3.128 6.383

KEGIATANPROGRAM

Tahun

2025

23%Bauran EBT

92,2MTOE

23,0MTOE

Listrik45,2

GW

69,2MTOE

Tahun

2050

31%Bauran EBT

315,7MTOE

79,4MTOE

Listrik167,7

GW236,3

MTOE

TARGET EBT DALAM RUEN

Bioenergi 5.532 26.123

Surya 6.379 45.000Biofuel 13,9*

Juta KL


Biogas 489,8Juta M3

CBM 46,0MMSCFD

Biofuel 52,3*Juta KL


Biogas 1.958,9Juta M3

CBM 576,3MMSCFD


INVESTASI EBT DALAM RUEN

Menyusun peraturan tersendiri peluang investasi energiterbarukan dari sumber setempat khusus di daerahterpencil/perbatasan NKRI

Kebijakan Pendukung 3 : Harga, Subsidi dan Insentif Energi

Pemerintah mengatur Harga energi terbarukan

Perhitungan harga energi yang rasional untuk penyediaan energiterbarukan dari sumber setempat dalam rangka pengamananpasokan energi di wilayah terpencil/perbatasan NKRI

Permen ESDM terkait kemudahan investasi EBTdi daerah terpencil/perbatasan NKRI

STRATEGI

PROGRAM

KEGIATAN

INSTRUMEN

F-13



INVESTASI EBT DALAM RUEN

1. Memberikan insentif dan fasilitas investasi berupa penerapanjaminan resiko atas pemanfaatan hasil penelitian teknologienergi nasional kepada perguruan tinggi, perorangan,lembaga penelitian yang berhasil mengembangkan teknologi inti pada bidang EBT

2. Memberikan penghargaan bagi lembaga swasta atauperorangan yang telah berhasil mengembangkan teknologi inti dan inovasi untuk mendorong usaha EBT

Kebijakan Pendukung 3 : Harga, Subsidi dan Insentif Energi

Pemerintah memberikan insentif bagi lembaga swasta atauperorangan yang mengembangkan teknologi inti pada bidang EBT

Pemberian insentif dan fasilitas investasi bagi lembaga swasta atauperorangan yang mengembangkan teknologi inti pada bidang EBT

Rencana Strategis Kementerian Riset, Teknologidan Perguruan Tinggi

STRATEGI

PROGRAM

KEGIATAN

INSTRUMEN


CAPAIAN BAURAN ENERGI NASIONAL


BAURAN EBT MENINGKAT RATA-RATA

0,55% PER TAHUN 3)

Catatan:1) Target tahun 2016 berdasarkan RUEN;2) Angka Sementara;3) Dalam RUEN peningkatan EBT s.d tahun 2025 rata-rata ditargetkan 0,9% per tahun.

4,4% 4,3%4,5%

5,3%

6,4%6,7%

7,7%

9,8% 10,4%

00%

02%

04%

06%

08%

10%

12%

2010

Target RUEN

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

%

TAHUN

Capaian

19

RUEN 2025

Energi Baru dan TerbarukanMinyak Bumi

Gas Bumi

Batubara

TARGET KONDISI

2016

22%

23%

25%

30%400

MTOE

167,4

MTOE

23,9%

7,7%

33,8%

34,6%

CAPAIAN BAURAN ENERGI PRIMER

ENERGI

PRIMERTARGET 1)

2016 (MTOE)CAPAIAN 2)

2016 (MTOE)

Minyak Bumi 76,4 34,9% 56,6 33,8%

Gas Bumi 45,9 21,0% 40,1 23,9%

Batubara 73,5 33,6% 57,9 34,6%

EBT 22,8 10,4% 12,9 7,7%

TOTAL 218,6 100% 167,4 100%


Dewan Energi Nasional

Jalan Gatot Soebroto Kav. 49 Jakarta Selatan 12950

Website: www.den.go.id

Phone: (021) 52921621Email: [email protected]

#EnergiBerkeadilan

@dewanenergi dewanenerginasional www.den.go.id

8

F-14


http://www.den.go.id/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.den.go.id/

Pengembangan EnergiTerbarukan dalam Konteks

Ekonomi Berkelanjutan

Imaduddin Abdullah

INDEF

31 Juli 2017

Outline

Tren Investasi Energi Terbarukan

Urgensi Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan

Implikasi Kebijakan

Tren Investasi Energi TerbarukanGlobal

Investasi Energi Terbarukan di Level Global

47

72.7

112.7

159.3

181.4 178.3

243.6

281.2

255.5

234.4

278.2

312.2

241.6

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Sumber: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH, dalam Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment (2017)

Investasi Energi Terbarukan Tahun 2016 (USD Miliar)

Investasi Energi Terbarukan: Negara Berkembang vs Negara Maju

0

50

100

150

200

250

0

50

100

150

200

250

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

China, India, Brazil Other Developing Developed

Sumber: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH, dalam Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment (2017)


Faktor Pendorong Investasi Energi Terbarukan

• Ketidakpastian Pasokan Energi dan Volatilitas Harga• Harga energi fosil cenderung sangat bergejolak dan biaya dari volatilitas sangat

mahal

• Pengalaman krisis energi tahun 70an

• Meningkatnya Skala Ekonomi dan Perkembangan Teknologi• Sebagai contoh: investasi solar panel sudah semakin efisien

• Kebijakan Sejumlah Negara• Pada 2011, setidaknya terhadap 118 yang memiliki target bauran energi dan

kebijakan mendukung energi terbarukan, meningkat dari 55 negara pada awal 2005

• Meningkatnya Perhatian Terhadap Masalah Lingkungan• COP 21 yang memiliki target untuk menurukan emisi CO2

• Sustainable Development Goals: Poin 7 -> Clean Energy

F-6


F-15


Investasi Energi Terbarukan Tahun 2016

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6 NO ENERGY RESOURCESINSTALLED CAPACITY

(IC)RATIO (%)

1 2 3 4 5 = 4/3

1 Hydro 75.000 MW 7.572,00 MW 10,1 %

2 Geothermal 28.910 MW 1.403,50 MW 4,9 %

3 Biomass 32.654 MW 1.717,90 MW 5,4 %

4 Solar4,80

kWh/m2/day48,05 MW -

5 Wind 3 – 6 m/s 1,87 MW -

6 Marine 49 GW ***) 0,01 MW ****) -

7 Nuclear 3.000 MW *) 30,00 MW **) -

• Investasi sektor energi terbarukan di Indonesia

rendah

• Padahal Indonesia memiliki potensi pengembangan

energi terbarukan yang tinggi

Sumber: Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH, dalam Global

Trends in Renewable Energy Investment (2017)

Sumber: ESDM (2014)


Urgensi Pengembangan EnergiTerbarukan

Urgensi Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan

Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi

Menopang Peningkatan Permintaan Energi

Menjamin Ketahanan Energi

Menyelesaikan Kegagalan Pasar

1. Energi untuk Menopang Ekonomi

4.56

5.74 5.875

4.32

5.12

6.275

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2001-2005 2006-2010 2011-2015

GDP Energy

Sumber: BPS dan ESDM (2017), diolah

1. Mendorong Pertumbuhan Ekonomi UntukKeluar dari MIC

$-

$2,000.00

$4,000.00

$6,000.00

$8,000.00

$10,000.00

$12,000.00

$14,000.00

$16,000.0010%

11%

12%

Indonesia harus mencapai pertumbuhan 12% untuk keluar dari middle income trap pada tahun 2025

Sumber: Nazara (2014), diolah

Energi Terbarukan dan Membangun dariPinggiran

22%

58%

3%

8%

6% 3%

Sumatera Jawa Bali dan NT

Kalimantan Sulawesi Maluku dan Papua0

5

10

15

20

25

Sumatera Jawa-Bali Kalimantan Sulawesi NT-Maluku-Papua

Persentase Kemiskinan di Sejumlah Pulau di

Indonesia (%)Kontribusi dalam Pembentukan PDB Nasional

Sumber: BPS (2017), diolah Sumber: BPS (2017), diolah

F-16


Energi Terbarukan dan Membangun dariPinggiran

• Sejumlah daerah memiliki rasioelektrifikasi yang rendah

• Padahal, ketersediaan listrikadalah salah satu prasyaratpembangunan

• Sejumlah sumber energiterbarukan tersebar di seluruhIndonesia, seperti panas bumi, air, matahari, dan sampah

• UU No 30 2009 tentangKetenagalistrikanmengamantkan: penyediaanlistrik merupakan tanggungjawab pemerintah daerah(district)

Sumber: ESDM (2016)

Dampak Energi Terbarukan terhadap Ekonomi

Sumber: IRENA (2016)

• Meningkatkan porsi dari Energi

Terbarukan sebesar dua kali

lipat akan membuat GDP dunia

tahun 2030 1,1 persen lebih

tinggi dibandingkan Business as

Usual

• Peningkatan ini didorong oleh

efek multiplier yang tercipta

dari investasi energi terbarukan

• Pada kasus Indonesia,

peningkatan GDP dapat

mencapai 0,3-1,3 persen pada

tahun 2030

Dampak Energi Terbarukan terhadap Ekonomi2. Menopang Pertumbuhan PermintaanEnergi: Meningkatnya Jumlah Penduduk

200

220

240

260

280

300

320

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Jumlah Penduduk

• Pada 2035, jumlah penduduk Indonesia mencapai 305 juta jiwa

• Sepanjang 2010- 2035, pertumbuhan penduduk rata-rata 5,09

• Hal ini secara otomatis akan meningkatkan permintaan energi

Sumber: BPS (2017)

2. Menopang Pertumbuhan Permintaan Energi: Meningkatnya Konsumsi Listrik per Kapita

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

1.1

1.2

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Konsumsi Listrik per Kapita di Sejumlah Negara (MWh) Konsumsi Listrik per Kapita di Indonesia (MWh)

Sumber: Aviliani (2017) Sumber: ESDM (2017), diolah INDEF

3. Jaminan Pasokan Energi

SUMBER : PKK-ITB

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Volatilatas Harga Energi dan Kesejahteraan

Net Oil Imporiteres Net Oil Exporter

Pendapatan per

Kapita

Perubahan

terhadap GDP

Pendapatan per

Kapita

Perubahan

terhadap GDP

<300 -1,47 <300 +5,21

300-900 -0,76 900-9000 +4,16

900-9000 -0.56

>9000 -0.44

Sumber: Bank Dunia (2015)

Ketergantungan energi yang bersumber dari impor memberikan dampak negatif

terhadap kesejahteraan

4. Energi Terbarukan dan PerlindunganLingkungan

• Energi fosil bertanggung jawab terhadap pencemaran lingkungan, dimana energi fosil menyumbang emisi

gas rumah kaca dalam jumlah yang besar

• Sejak revolusi industri, konsentrasi CO2 meningkat 390 ppm atau 39 persen lebih tinggi

• Studi yang dilakukan oleh Boren (2015), coal plants berkontribusi terhadap 6,500 kematian prematur.

Peningkatan 1 GW coal plants memakan biaya 600 jiwa

SUMBER : IPCC (2012)SUMBER : IPCC (2012)

Energi Terbarukan dan Target MenurunkanEmisi GRK

• Target pemerintah:• Tahun 2030, GRK turun 29 persen

dan 41 persen

• Pengembangan energiterbarukan dapat berkontribusiterhadap penurunan GRK karenarendahnya produksi emisisejumlah energi terbarukan

• Pengembangan energiterbarukan juga bagian dariintergenerational contract

Energi tonnes CO2e/GWh

Rata-Rata Rendah Tinggi

Batubara 888 756 1.310

Minyak 733 547 935

Gas 499 362 891

Solar PV 85 13 731

Biomassa 45 10 101

Nuklir 29 2 130

Air 26 2 237

Angin 26 6 124

Sumber: WNA, 2010

Produksi Emisi Sejumlah Sumber Energi

Implikasi Kebijakan

Pemerintah Perlu Terlibat Untuk MengatasiKegagalan Pasar

• Eksternalitas negatif dari konsumsi energi fosil antara lain adalah:

• Studi yang dilakukan oleh Boren (2015), coal plants berkontribusi terhadap 6,500 kematianprematur. Peningkatan 1 GW coal plants memakan biaya 600 jiwa

• Pada tahun 2010, biaya akibat polusi udara di Jakarta mencapai USD 535 juta (ICCT, 2014)

• Eksternalitas negatif konsumsi energi fosil muncul karena kegagalan pasar:

• Konsumsi energi tidak terinternalisasi pada biaya, sehingga menurunkan insentif bagikonsumen untuk menurunkan konsumsi energi fosil

• Tidak bisa mengandalkan mekanisme pasar untuk memberikan sinyal insentif kepadakonsumen

• Salah satu faktor utama yang menghambat transisi ke energi terbarukan adalahkarena selama ini aspek eksternalitas tidak diperhitungakan sehingga energi fosildianggap lebih murah dibandingkan energi terbarukan

Eksternalitas Negatif

• Biaya eksternalitas sejumlah energi terbarukanlebih rendah

• Energi fosil saat ini cenderung lebih jika hanyaberdasarkan kepada harga pasar

• Jika biaya eksternalitas negatif ini dimasukkandalam harga, maka energi terbarukan akanmenjadi sumber energi yang murah terutamauntuk angin, panas bumi, dan biomassa

• Di sini lah peran pemerintah dalam mengoreksieksternalitas negatif

• Dengan harga yang tepat , akan memberikansinyal yang kuat baik kepada pelaku usaha, konsumen, dan pemerintah bahwa energi fosiltidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi

• Mengakhiri perdebatan energi murah vs energibersih

Sumber: Owen, 2006.

F-18


Fokus Kebijakan dalam PengembanganInvestasi Energi Terbarukan

• Aspek Regulasi• Belum adanya peraturan perundang-undangan yang menjadi payung dalam

mendorong pengembangan energi terbarukan

• Perlu disusun payung hukum dalam bentuk UU yang mengatur energiterbarukan

• Pengembangan Kapasitas Sumber Daya Manusia dan MendorongRiset Energi Terbarukan

• Negara yang investasi pada pengembangan energi akan mendapatkankeunggulan kompetitif di masa yang akan datang

• Perlu mengubah visi dari pengguna menjadi pengembang inovasi danteknologi

• Dana Ketahanan Energi untuk investasi riset energi terbarukan

Fokus Kebijakan dalam PengembanganInvestasi Energi Terbarukan• Penguatan Industri Dometik Penunjang Energi Terbarukan

• Studi menujukkan bauran energi dapat meningkatkan GDP sebesar 0,6-1,1 persenlebih tinggi dibandingkan Business as Usual (IRENA, 2016)

• Pertumbuhan GDP dapat lebih tinggi jika industri domestik dapat menopang industrienergi terbarukan (IRENA and CEM, 2014; Poyry and Cambridge Econometrics, 2014)

• Pengembangan Konsep Green Mining dan Hilirasi Sektor Pertambangan

• Meningkatkan Iklim Investasi• Kepastian kebijakan• Insentif untuk investasi di Indonesia. Sejumlah opsi selain Feed in tariff adalah green

certificate dan tax credit

• Mencari Sumber Pendanaan Lain• Skema kerjasama pembangunan dengan negara mitra pembangunan: Kasus

Geothermal di Aceh

Terima Kasih

F-19


REPORT

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION 1

NEW AND RENEWABLE ENERGY DESIGNS

Moderator: bapak Wawan

Opening by Mr. Montty (Coordinating Ministry for the Economy):

FGD series initiatives to be undertaken are in order to encourage renewable energy

programs to return, to at least be able to achieve the targets set in writing.

FGD series initiatives to be undertaken are in order to encourage the targets set in writing.

If the achievement cannot be reached, based on the results of the discussion, then the

target should be revised based on the current state.

There are still many geothermal or renewable energy projects that are constrained by price

issues and relationships with surrounding communities.

In this first FGD, the objectives to be achieved are:

o Mapping and identifying existing problems, then what needs to be done to solve the

issue?

o In addition, the purpose of the FGD is also to build communication and

understanding among stakeholders and industry to align and in accordance with the

current conditions

Speaker 1: Bpk Abadi Poernomo (National Economic Council)

Indonesia already has a fairly complete set of energy sector policies. Starting from Law

No.30/2007 about Energy, PP. 79/2014 about the National Energy Policy, which is further

translated into the RUEN (National General Plan of Energy) and RUKN (National General

Electricity Plan), is in discussion with the legislature).

Bottom-up policy of RUED (Regional General Plan of Energy) at district and provincial level

RUED (Regional General Plan of Energy). RUED (Regional General Plan of Energy) at the

provincial level requires synchronization with RUEN (National General Plan of Energy).

National energy policy consists of key policies and supporting policies. The issues most often

the main topics in support policy are price issues, subsidies and energy incentives.

The main target of the national energy policy is the paradigm shift from energy as a

commodity to energy as a development capital. But this paradigm shift is not easy due to

short-term energy interests as a commodity that can directly support the state budget. With

this paradigm shift:

o Aims to realize energy independence by making energy as development capital

o Seeks to realize the optimization of energy utilization for national development, creation

of domestic added value and job creation

The current challenges of energy independence are:

o Trends in energy production decline compared to consumption targets

o Increased demand for crude oil supplies that cause higher imports

o Current oil and gas production is at the level of 800 thousand barrels per day, in the

absence of large exploration and EOR (Enhaced Oil Recovery) business, by 2050 it isF-20

predicted that production will be 105 thousand per day. Gas will also experience

significant depreciation of reserves.

o In the year 2020 there will be a crisis of gas availability that must be imported, if there is

no effort to find new gas reserves.

o Fuel imports have been suppressed by the construction of refineries, but the

construction of refineries must be done again beyond planned ones, in order to meet

the increasing needs in the future

o Coal production stamped’ at 400 million tons per year, including for exports, but in the

future demand from domestic plants will increase so that it will absorb the entire

production.

o The target of energy mix in 2025 is set at 23%. Without regulatory support and

incentives, this target will not be achieved.

The portion of Renewable Energy target in the energy mix in 2025 comes from the electricity

sector (45.2 MW or 69.2 MTOE) and fuel oil & gas (biofuel, biomass, biogas and CBM, total of

23.0 MTOE)

Support policy instruments on prices, subsidies and energy incentives for RENEWABLE ENERGY:

o Regulation of the Minister of Energi and Mineral Resources related to the ease of

Renewable Energy investment in remote / border areas of NKRI

Regulation of renewable energy prices by the Government

Calculation of rational energy prices from local sources

o Strategic plan Kemenristekdikti:

Provide incentives to private institutions or individuals who develop core

technologies in the EBRENEWABLE ENERGYT field

Incentives include:

Implementation of risk guarantee on utilization of national energy

technology research results

Provide rewards for private institutions or individuals who have successfully

developed core technology and innovation to drive the RENEWABLE ENERGY

business

The energy mix achievement is still below the target set in the RUEN. In 2015 there is a gap

between the target of 9.8% with a performance of 6.7%. While in 2016 the gap is between

10.4% with 7.7%. Increased performance increased by only 0.55% per year, lower than the 0.9%

per year targeted in RUEN.

F-21

It is difficult to achieve the RENEWABLE ENERGY portion target in the energy mix as set out in

the RUEN. But the development of RENEWABLE ENERGY is a must.

Second Speaker: Mr. Rida Mulyana (Director General of EBTKE ESDM)

The RENEWABLE ENERGY should be placed in the context of energy security

The challenge for RENEWABLE ENERGY is the policy of the President to provide electricity at low

cost. The goal is for the country's competitiveness to improve and electricity becomes affordable

for people who currently cannot afford the connection fees and monthly charges of electricity

consumption. In addition there is also a target electrification ratio reached 99% in 2019.

Therefore the price of electricity needs to be forced to be cheap.

The policy is followed by the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources with an equitable energy

tagline. In other words, energy (electricity) can be enjoyed by all people, including in eastern

Indonesia. This has been reflected in the incident, the not allowed quarterly Basic Electricity

Tariff (TDL) increase. In this case PLN should reduce costs so it will choose to buy cheap energy

sources today, namely coal and other fossil fuels. It also causes this year's coal production to be

allowed more than 400 million tons of 'stamp', ie 470 million tons. The EMR minister does not

really blame whether the energy source used is RENEWABLE ENERGY or fossils, the important

thing is the affordability of electricity prices can be achieved. PLN is more 'fond of' being fined

by PGE for not buying electricity (de-rating) to get cheaper primary energy. In such

circumstances, how can the target portion of RENEWABLE ENERGY in the energy mix be

achieved?

Regulations for the development of RENEWABLE ENERGY already exist but not enough.

Therefore, there needs to be a law or government regulation that facilitates the development of

RENEWABLE ENERGY.

The Directorate General of EBTKE has coordinated with Fiscal Policy Agency (BKF) informally to

provide a new scheme, for example the People’s Business Credit (KUR) for the scale of

development of RENEWABLE ENERGY scale of Micro Small Medium Enterprises (UMKM) starting

2018.

Fiscal and non-fiscal incentives available today:

o Tax allowance:

PP No.1 / 2007 jo PP No.62 / 2008 jo PP No.52 / 2011: net income tax reduction

facility 30% of investment value for 6 years, accelerated depreciation and

amortization

PMK 144/2012: net income tax reduction facility 30% of investment value for 6

years, depreciation and amortization; for investment in certain business fields

and / or in certain areas

PMK 159/2015: tax deductions of at most 100% and at least 10%

PMK 89/2015: procedures for granting income tax facilities for investment in

certain business sectors and / or certain areas and transfer of assets and

sanctions for corporate taxpayers provided with income tax facilities

PMK 268/2015: procedures for granting facilities shall be exempted from the

imposition of value added tax on the import and / or delivery of certain taxable

goods of a strategic character and procedures for payment of value added tax

subject to certain strategic taxes that have been released and the imposition of

F-22

sanctions

o Customs entry:

KMK 766/1992: facilities for the import of operational goods by entrepreneurs

for the purposes of the operation of geothermal resources are not levied of

import duty, value added tax, sales tax on luxury goods and income tax

PMK 78/2005: import duty exemption facility on the import of goods for

geothermal exploitation activities under contract before the enactment of Law

no. 27/2007 on Geothermal

MK 177/2007: import duty exemption facility on the import of goods for

upstream oil and gas and geothermal business activities

PMK 21/2010: tax and customs facilities

o Funding:

PMK 139/2011: procedures for granting PT PLN's business feasibility warranty

(persero) for the construction of power plants using renewable energy, coal and

gas through partnerships with private power developers

PMK 3/2012: procedures for the management and accountability of geothermal

fund facilities

Currently, simulation is still being done to reduce the electricity tariff by lowering the average

cost of electricity production (BPP) but cannot be too far because it cannot use the subsidy.

Currently the use of subsidies is a sensitive issue.

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No.12 / 2017 on Utilization of Renewable

Energy Sources for the Provision of Electricity has been amended by ESDM Regulation No.

43/2017. The changes are based on input from various institutions at home and abroad,

including from Mc Kinsey. However, this Permen 43/2017 is also planned to be revamped to

accommodate BPP in some areas higher than the national BPP. But this change is not necessarily

done if there is a change of leadership (minister), unless there is a regulating PP.

The key of RENEWABLE ENERGY developers is:

o How the electricity tariff can be low. This needs to be supported by the existence of low

bank credit interest. Currently available interest is in the range of 8% -9%, compared to

2.5% that can be obtained overseas (masdar Dubai). There is no access to cheap green

funds.

o Fiscal incentives that are not currently elaborated although incentives for VAT import

duties for RENEWABLE ENERGY (except spare parts) have been made.

o Promotion by BKPM is hampered by the cheap electricity from fossil energy, although the

price trend of solar technology has dropped exponentially.

o Licensing has been made easier, except for safety issues; this has already been done

o Need for market creation to reduce price / BPP.

o Reduced energy subsidies for BBM and LPG; at the same time there is an increase in

RENEWABLE ENERGY portion. For example, B20 policy succeeds with the cooperation of

8 ministries without the use of additional state budget.

o Change of Permen 43 to make the purchase price more attractive, although Permen 12

is still effective for some areas where BPP is good. Permen 43 revises until Microhydro

Power Plants (PLTMH) could better its BPP.

In relation to energy, the government's current agenda is that energy subsidies must go down

because the state needs money.

There are currently new Microhydro Power Plants (PLTMH) operating with 58 units with a

capacity of 300 MW. There are 6 partners of Solar Power Plant (PLTS) and some Bayu Power

F-20F-20

F-20

F-23

Station (PLTBayu); which proves that Permen 12 can still be implemented in some areas where

the BPP is good, so the electricity purchase tariff also goes up.

Currently DPD (not DPR) is working on draft RENEWABLE ENERGY Act.

Third Speaker: Mr.Tamba Hutapea (BKPM)

The change of EMR paradigm has been splendid from the side of bureaucracy, but the regulation

that often change makes investors difficult. Uncertainty such as change from Permen 12 to

Permen 43. If tariff regime is inconsistent, at the time of exploration would make investors

difficult.

Constraints in the RENEWABLE ENERGY sector are expensive investment costs:

o The electricity purchase tariff of Waste to Energy (PLTSampah) in accordance with the

Permen ESDM No. 44/2015 should be higher to compensate for the low tipping fee from

local governments. Otherwise, there should be interest subsidies.

o In the strategic project there are institutions that assist land acquisition, namely

LMAN(State Asset Management Agency); in the RENEWABLE ENERGY sector does not

exist.

o There is yet fiscal incentives such as tax holiday for investors who have income after a

long period of time.

o There needs to be a monetary incentive to lower the interest rate for RENEWABLE

ENERGY development. For example, the development of Gothermal Power Plant (PLTP)

needs lower interest banking support in addition to licensing support

o Licensing constraints, the current licensing at the central level has been trimmed, from

958 permissions to only 250 permits so as to speed up the management. But this has

not been followed by the region. Suppose location permission, the time period is not

clear and very long.

o Need for transmission support for RENEWABLE ENERGY in remote areas. Need to be

assessed if investors, who build the transmission to be connected with the PLN network,

then get reimbursement.

o Negative investment list related to RENEWABLE ENERGY, 49% foreign ownership limit to

10 MW downward scales; whereas investors seek funding from abroad for the scale; this

needs to be reexamined.

o The level of domestic components (TKDN) checking problem: TKDN policy is very good

but the checking procedure is not clear. As an example for Java-7, the Ministry of

Industry's master list has still not been issued, unclear checks and licensing. Many

energy projects are constrained by TKDN

F-20

F-24

Fourth Speaker: Mr. Imaddudin (Indef)

Renewable energy investments in China, India and Brazil and other developing countries by 2015

are higher than total investments in developed countries. This trend proves that investment in

the RENEWABLE ENERGY sector is not only related to climate change issues but also to

employment.

This conclusion is also reinforced by the results of the IRENA study which found that an increase

in the share of RENEWABLE ENERGY investments actually increased GDP due to the resulting

multiplier effect.

o There are four drivers of RENEWABLE ENERGY investment:

o Uncertainty of energy supply and price volatility

o Increased economies of scale and technological developments

o Policies of a number of countries that support RENEWABLE ENERGY

o Increased attention to environmental issues

The urgency of RENEWABLE ENERGY development is mainly due to supply and demand energy.

Energy is a prerequisite for economic growth. On the other hand, for Indonesia to get out of the

middle income trap, it needs 12 percent growth per year. Increased electricity consumption per

capita in line with economic growth.

The importance of developing RENEWABLE ENERGY for Indonesia besides economic growth is to

improve environmental protection. The government has a target to reduce GHG (Greenhouse

Gases) by 29 percent by 2030 by self-effort and 41 percent with foreign aid.

Discussion of energy policies related to efforts to increase the share of RENEWABLE ENERGY in

the energy mix: a market failure that inhibits the transition from fossil energy to RENEWABLE

ENERGY because fossil energy is considered cheaper even though in the long term its economic

cost is higher. Suppose when considering the cost of health and the environment.

The policy focus in RENEWABLE ENERGY development is:

o Strengthening of domestic industry supporting RENEWABLE ENERGY

o Increased investment climate through tax credit and green certificate

o Looking for other cheap funding sources

Development of RENEWABLE ENERGY is a necessity because investment costs will become

cheaper. The government should be the front liner of RENEWABLE ENERGY development or just

become a follower and ultimately too late to realize it.

Respondent 1: Bpk Wijayanto (Office of Setwapres)

Cheap energy is important, but the question is, cheap energy for whom? Will pressing the

purchase price of PLN will provide cheap electricity prices as well?

The target subsidy should be clear, namely the poor and certain industries that are used as

cheap electricity targets. Model subsidies are now detrimental to the industry as a whole.

The existing regulations are good. But unfortunately if sacrificed for short-term needs. The

F-25

policies taken should be consistent with the positive points contained in the regulation.

The same is the interest subsidy. The interest subsidy is not appropriate because it is based on

experience of extraordinary complexity. More simple direct subsidies, while industry still gets

market interest.

In terms of fiscal policy, the finance ministry is targeted for revenue. This raises the perception

of the opportunity loss of the incentives given. This view needs to be changed; it is precisely the

incentive to create an opportunity. Suppose that VAT is low or zero for some specific product

To improve the licensing problem, what is done by BKPM and ESDM is good. However, 80% of the

problems are beyond that, namely: local government, State-Owned Enterprises (SOE), Ministry of

Environment and Land. Suppose licensing in the area is still a problem that becomes obstacles.

Discussion about the RPP that has been around 65% - 75% completed should be immediately

followed by non-geothermal equipped. The unsolved issue is about the purchase price, but this is

a sensitive issue. The price component of Independet Power Producer (IPP) to PLN should be

negotiable, depending on the specific circumstances. But this needs to be regulated in ministerial

regulations.

Despite the obstacles, efforts to improve the industry should not stop.

Respondent 2: Bpk Yudi (Kemenko Maritim)

Energy utilization planning has been regulated through General Plan of National Energy (RUEN)

and General Plan of National Electricity (RUKN) based on central government. We must keep

pushing the region in preparing for the regional level, because many regions have not been able

to prepare it.

Determination of electricity tariff, for example, could be an area that offers a high tariff to

attract investors. But this is not done because the area feels the planning is still coming from the

central government. Whereas based on existing legislation, the region must prepare Regional

General Plan of Energy (RUED) and Regional Electricity General Plan (RUKD). It has not been

executed.

To encourage this, it is necessary to create a toolkit that can be used by the region in making the

Regional General Plan of Energy (RUED) and Regional Electricity General Plan (RUKD). This will

facilitate the planning, because now existing regional plans are difficult to combine because of

the different ways of calculation.

Agree with energy not as commodity but as development capital. In addition, cheap electricity

prices should also be clear to whom.

The purchase price of electricity from RENEWABLE ENERGY should use international prices.

There needs to be a more transparent calculation in the calculation of BPP, taking into account

the specification of primary energy type, location and technology used. A toolkit is needed to

establish a fair tariff for both parties (IPP and PLN).

F-20F-20

F-26

The view of the employers' association does not think about how much the purchase price of

electricity, which is important, is the certainty of the price. With the certainty of the price, it's

economic value can be calculated. If it is not economical then it does not enter, or it can ask

allowance for economic feasibility can be achieved.

Related to the level of domestic components (TKDN), currently there is a new Presidential

Decree to monitor the implementation of level of domestic components (TKDN).

In the development of RENEWABLE ENERGY projects, planning is an important phase. Although

this plan only takes 2% of the total cost, but its influence reaches 90%. That is, the design done

by the people in the country can give a big influence in the procurement phase and so on.

Respondent 3: Mrs. Ema (Ministry of LHK)

The Ministry of LHK strongly supports this kind of meeting because it has long discussed with the

Directorate General of EBTKE related to climate change

The energy sector is a priority sector (11%, after forestry of 17.2%) for achievement of 29% GHG

emission reduction target with total 314 MTOE emission reductions. But it should be discussed

further how concrete actions to reduce emissions to be more detailed and measurable; including

how much investment is needed to achieve these targets. This refers to National Energy Policy

(KEN) and General Plan of National Energy (RUEN) which provide a benchmark 23% portion of

RENEWABLE ENERGY in the primary energy mix in 2025.

It is hoped that not only energy issues will be achieved, but also environmental issues. Because if

the emission reduction target of the energy sector is not met, then there should be another

sector that replaces.

Respondent 4: Mrs. Ferike Indah (BKF Kemenkeu - Fiscal Policy Agency Kemenkeu)

The issue of climate change is getting attention from the Ministry of Finance, especially some

centers in BKF

Income-related fiscal incentives are readily available but not yet fully understood. For example:

o PP 52 (or 50) / 2011 (income tax facility for investment): 30% net income tax reduction

for 6 years for RENEWABLE ENERGY investment, accelerated depreciation and

amortization.

o PMK 11 (or 13) / 2011 (tax exemption facility): exemption and reduction of VAT and tax

holiday for a period of 5-10 years for the pioneer industry tax payer. In addition there is

customs clearance for import of technology goods for the RENEWABLE ENERGY sector

F-27

o PP 13/2007 on the import of strategic goods

o Law 10/1995 on customs handed down in FMD for import of goods machines, may be

subject to exemption of import duty.

The possibility of private business entities not yet informed about these regulations. For

example, PLTSa with local government, such as Jakpro DKI, the above incentives are not yet

known. Though the rules already exist. In the case of Jakpro DKI, the TKDN is too low so it is

against the existing regulations.

From the APBN side, efforts to make the RENEWABLE ENERGY sector attractive are quite heavy.

RENEWABLE ENERGY, although with the internalization of environmental and health costs

become cheaper, its initial cost is high. While the ability of the state budget is limited. Then it

will be difficult.

But initiatives such as Waste to Energy /PLTSa need to be assisted by the level of feasibility. The

solution of the State Bugdet (APBN) is direct subsidies to the right targeted users.

Government Cooperation with Business Entities /KPBu opportunities should be developed to

overcome limitations. There needs to be a discussion with ESDM for the most appropriate

initiative. In addition, there are more problems in the regions, if necessary; the DAK / Special

Allocation Fund mechanism is used.

Respondent 5: Mr. Andi Asmoro (Bank Mandiri)

Financing conditions (in total) in 2016:

o Banking: 319 T

o Non-bank: 24,5 T

o Corporate bond: 110 T

o Equity: 200 T

So there is a potential of around 600 - 700 T domestic financing per year for all sector

Potential financing at large RENEWABLE ENERGY in Indonesia. Make the bank visible is promising

but related source of financing and source of funds it does not match with the RENEWABLE

ENERGY financing profile that requires credit in the long term. The largest source of bank

financing is still Third-party Funds (46% and around 50% - down from 69% - is a 1 month tenor,

only 11% are above 12 months).

Potential of project infrastructure financing:

o Oil & gas: 58 T (2019)

o Logistics: 158 T (2019)

o Utilities: 321 T (2019

Investment risks associated with these investment opportunities are: (1) conformity of central and

regional policies; (2) the capacity of the bank's human resources to conduct an assessment of the

sector, in particular RENEWABLE ENERGYKE (The Directorate-General of New Renewable Energy

and Energy Conservation); (3) sustainability of the project's settlement by the government.

With the condition of banks in 2016 where the problem of Non Performing Loans (NPL) still make

the low aggressiveness of banks in disbursing credit, in 2017 is doing consolidation, in 2018 is

expected to begin to increase apptetitena. There are 4 potential financing alternatives namely

through:

o Project bond

o project financing,

o asset securitization, as well as

o financing from multinational donors institution.

Risk mitigation is more towards investment risk: eg conformity between synchronization of central

F-28

and local rules and changes in government regulation

There is an operational bank risk: the bank’s human resources capacity and ability in acessing

financing in the RENEWABLE ENERGY sector.

Respondent 6: Mr. Handy Yuniarto (Mandiri Sekuritas)

The current condition of the AAA corporate bond rating is 8 percent (yiel government bond to 6.9

percent after receiving investment grade), overseas there are many green bonds, while in

Indonesia it is not available.

What’s interesting is that if the rules of OJK want to address the investment in the RENEWABLE

ENERGY sector will be equated to bond investment in the infrastructure sector, with the rules of

OJK that education and insurance funds must hold government bonds as well as corporate bonds

of state-owned enterprises create holding education funds and insurance for bond SOE

construction up 50%.

The total outstanding corporate bond is currently only 350 T which is much smaller than 3% of

GDP. Thus there is still plenty of room to grow.

The most important is also an example for a RENEWABLE ENERGY pilot project that has been

successful as a reference for investors entering and investing in this sector bond.

Respondent 7: Mr. Darwin (PT SMI)

Must be united between banking and non-banking institutions such as PT SMI to develop

RENEWABLE ENERGY.

There are two main factors:

o risk profile: most important for SMI because to be justified giving loan for RENEWABLE

ENERGY

o source of fund: SMI has a slightly different source of funds with banks so the financing

time frame can be longer, so it can help the development of RENEWABLE ENERGY sector,

and SMI is also accredited green climate fund (but this requires ZERO from the

government). SMI is poised to become a catalyst in advancing RENEWABLE ENERGY

financing. There is already a sustainable financing division, for example for exploration

financing

Respondent 8: Mr. Riza (Bank Muamalat)

Since 5 years ago, Bank Muamalat has entered in minihydro with portfolio outstanding 1 trilliun,

spread in Java, Sulawesi, Kuala lumpur

The main problem of banks to finance RENEWABLE ENERGY is the source-fund mismatch where

RENEWABLE ENERGY financing can be up to 10 years, but now it's getting better where our

portfolio examples can payback period 7 years in the present. Needs further cooperation with

related parties for RENEWABLE ENERGY financing.

Needs relaxation incentives from OJK, for example in the form of relaxation of reserve policy

F-20

F-29

Bank and non-bank financial institutions should work together for RENEWABLE ENERGY financing

Must be united between banking and non-banking financial institutions such as PT SMI for

Respondent 9: Mr. Ali Mundakir (Pertamina Geothermal Energi)

For RENEWABLE ENERGY especially geothermal, if not exploited soon, its potential will be lost,

if the government does let this happen, then every day we lose its potential reserve, because

its geothermal nature to evaporate over time through hot water, volcano etc, this mindset

need to be underlined so that government does not get stuck with subsidies. So the

government does not throw away the potential of geothermal for free.

Pertamina Kamojang with geothermal size 100MW, can reduce 500.000 ton CO2 per year, if

1000MW then it can reduce emission 5juta ton CO2.

1 month ago, released by Swedish embassy and OECD country research, where the coal

industry enjoys subsidies through various government regulations. This mindset should be

changed where according to pareto law, this RENEWABLE ENERGY is given a 2 T subsidy, but

why a small subsidy like RENEWABLE ENERGY is disadvantaged and constantly suppressed.

Respondent 10: Mr. Paul (METI)

There are several points to support RENEWABLE ENERGY if we carry it out, BKPM proposal is

beneficial but whether we can do it, METI will not refuse the affordable energy but what can

be a tradeoff of the cheap energy.

The main goal of electricity developers is to achieve economics, if the VAT is not withdrawn by

the government then the cost of developers will decrease hence the price of electricity can go

down as well, along with facilities such as tax holiday.

Suppose also if there is a government guarantee then the bond cost can fall both in USD and

IDR

The government is legitimate just to make cheap energy but supporting policies must also be

qualified

The future is the time of renewable energy, now it is cheap coal and oil but when RENEWABLE

ENERGY is already developed then the scale economics of fossil fuel will be reduced and

highten the cost of exploration and production of fossil fuel and make fossil energy price

expensive, we then must move now to become a pioneer of RENEWABLE ENERGY

development.

Changes planned for Permen 12 regulatory changes. Whereas before the Permen 12

there are regulations that also regulate the price of RENEWABLE ENERGY. If you want to make

prices cheap, it is necessary to have support policy that makes the price of RENEWABLE

ENERGY cheap.

F-30

Respondent 11: Representatives from Kadin

Somewhat confusing if the government directs the prices of electricity to be cheap, but there

is also a 29% emission reduction, and also still leases diesel generators. Though Diesel price is

quite expensive, but it is still being subsidized.

One solution is to close the Diesel Power Station / PLTD to zero in 2020 and replace it with

RENEWABLE ENERGY. Suppose in the archipelago area. Compared with diesel, renewable

energy prices are still cheaper. (could be saving 17 Trillion Rupiah)

Until now the Government is still using linear economy which is undated, now, it is a circular

economy. How does the Coordinating Ministry, BKF (Fiscal Policy Agency), and other

government institutions implement the circular economy? Only Indonesia that has yet to

concept. If this can be done, RENEWABLE ENERGY will be the top 3 in the sector of interest to

be developed. Cap 400 million coal production can be reduced.

Related to low cost funding, Kadin had just come back from New York and met with mcc,

there is 600 million USD which can be used as RENEWABLE ENERGY development. However,

the government is silent. Kadin is asked by Bappenas to coordinate how to utilize the fund in

Indonesia.

Kadin also assumes the government does not have good coordination between agencies

hence the country risk is high and ultimately credit interest to follow high.

EuroCham is a monthly meeting. They hold all investments in the RENEWABLE ENERGY sector

until Permen 12 reaches clarity.

Kadin also assumes that all parties should synchronize the policy

Respondent 12: Bu Tri Mumpuni

The government should think outside the mainstream: eg community empowerment for

RENEWABLE ENERGY development. Providers of electricity can be PLN, private business

entities or the community (local). Localization of electricity supply businesses by the

community can make the economy achieved.

3 main issues in the energy sector: (i) resources are owned by a handful of elites,(ii) unequal

opportunities (no social justice), and(iii) low public education.

F-20

F-31

Closing

Mr. Rida (The Directorate-General of New Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation / EBTKE):

Permalasahan (what) has been identified but its "HOW" to achieve this RENEWABLE ENERGY

target which must be answered in concrete and detail. Communication must be kept open.

The RENEWABLE ENERGY and environmental issues are important and crucial to continue to grow

in the future.

Permen ESDM 43 which is later revised for other renewable energy types, will be the same as the

revision of Microhydro Power Plant / PLTMH ie BPP negotiable B2B.

Pak Montty (Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs):

Need to define related energy pricing, cost of electricity production must go down but must be

reevaluated on how economic cost or financial cost. If the pricing is economic cost many things

needs to be considered, but if it is financial cost alone, then the issue must be in terms of project

financing needs to be addressed immediately by the relevant ministers.

For prices, scale below 10MW is definitely more expensive than large scale eg. 50 or 100 MW due

to economies of scale.

For premium investment in RENEWABLE ENERGY, it is necessary to examine the ability of any

company to pay premium investment in RENEWABLE ENERGY compared to coal investment.

Licensing problem: must be resolved issues related to synchronization of central and regional

licensing.

---000---

F-32

G-1


APPENDIX G: RENEWABLE INCENTIVES FGD 2 – FINANCING GAPS

This appendix contains two presentations, summary matrix and executive summary notes from the Focus Group Discussion regarding financing gaps needed for renewable energy development acceleration, which conducted on 15 August 2017:

1. METI presentation2. PLN presentation3. Summary matrix4. Executive summary after FGD 2

These presentations are provided below.

29 September 2015

Pandangan METI – Kebijakan Harga Energi

`

Dr. Surya Darma, MBAKetua Umum METI

Jakarta, 15 Agustus, 2017

FGD Kelayakan Investasi ET

Kantor Menko Perekonomian 2017

Kebijakan Energi Nasional

2

Paragraph (2) of article 11 Government Regulation Number 79 Year 2014concerning National Energy Policy (KEN)

1. Maximize renewable energy utilization;

2. Optimize gas and new energy utilization;

3. Minimize oil utilization.

4. Utilization of coal as the main national energysupply;

5. Utilization of Nuclear Power Plant as the lastoption.

G-1


G-2


23%

25%30%

22%5%

46%31%

18%

194 MTOE

~ 400

MTOE

Energi Baru dan Terbarukan

Minyak BumiGas Bumi

Batubara Tahun 2025Kondisi Saat ini

Target Bauran Energi Nasional Tahun 2025

Saat ini Tahun 2025

Pembangkit Listrik 51 GW 115 GW

Konsumsi Energi 0,8 TOE/kapita 1,4 TOE/kapita

Konsumsi Listrik 776KWh/kapita

2.500 KWh/kapita

EBT

Minyak

Gas

Batubara

Target Penyediaan Energi Primer EBT

Tahun 2025 sesuai RUEN

23%Bauran EBT

92,2MTOE

69,2MTOE

23,0MTOE

Biofuel 13,69*)juta kilo liter


Biogas 489,8juta m3

CBM46,0

mmscfd

Listrik

EBT 45

GW

1. PLT Panas Bumi, 7,2

GW

2. PLT Hidro, 17,9 GW

3. PLT Mikrohidro, 3 GW

4. PLT Bioenergi, 5,5 GW

5. PLT Surya, 6,5 GW

6. PLT Angin, 1,8 GW

7. PLT EBT lainnya, 3 GW

EBT

Minyak

Gas

Batubara*) tidak termasuk biofuel untuk

pembangkit listrik sebesar 0,7 juta kL tahun 2025

23%

25%30%

22%

~ 400

MTOE

Kapasitas Pembangkit Listrik Nasional 135 GW

Kapasitas Pembangkit Listrik EBT 45 GW

G-3


Batubara; 50%

Gas, 25%

EBT; 25%

10 GW - PLN;

25 GW – IPP

RE Portion is about 25%, or 8.750 MW, compose of:

Geothermal (1,751 MW, 20%),

Hydro (2,438 MW, 28%),

Bioenergy (1,156 MW, 13%),

Solar, wind, Ocean and others (3,405 MW, 39%).

Total investment is USD 29.8 Billion or about IDR 402 Triliun.

5

The Portion of RE in the 35

GW acceleration project

Go Green –DJEBTKE

Proyeksi Pengembangan Pembangkit Listrik EBTTahun 2015–2050

Energi 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

Panas Bumi 1.439 1.654 2.004 2.344 2.979 3.804 7.239 9.300 13.423 17.546

Air & Mikrohidro 5.024 5.139 5.266 5.619 7.154 7.735 20.960 25.844 35.611 45.379

Bioenergi 1.740 1.886 2.093 2.359 2.674 3.024 5.532 9.651 17.887 26.123

Surya 79 229 429 679 979 1.379 6379 14.103 29.551 45.000

Angin 7 57 107 207 307 507 1.807 7.167 17.887 28.607

EBT lainnya 372 1.860 1.860 1.860 1.861 1.863 3.128 3.779 5.081 6.383

Total 8.660 10.842 11.758 13.067 15.953 18.310 45.044 69.843 119.440 169.038

Satuan: megawatt (MW)

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2025 2030 2040 2050

Biofuel* Juta KL 2,4 3,6 4,6 5,8 7,2 8,8 15,6 22,9 37,4 57,5

Biomassa Juta Ton 5,6 5,7 5,9 6,2 6,4 6,7 8,3 10,6 16,0 22,0

Biogas Juta m3 25,2 35,4 49,6 68,9 95,6 131,9 489,8 783,5 1.346,3 1.958,9

CBM mmscfd 0,29 0,31 0,45 0,64 0,74 0,89 46,0 68,82 223,5 576,3

* Catatan: Tidak termasuk produksi biofuel yang dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran BBM pada PLTD

Pengembangan EBT - Pemanfaatan Langsung

6

G-1


G-4SIEP Final Report - January 2018

Go Green –DJEBTKE

Pertumbuhan EBTKE (rata2 0.36%/thn)

BAHAN BAKAR NABATI (BBN) dalam Juta KL

PEMBANGUNAN PLT PANAS BUMI dalam MW

PEMBANGUNAN PLTS dan PLTM/MH dalam MW

1.438,5 (2015) 1.643,5 (2016)

273,1 (2015) 282,5 (2016)

1.767,1 (2015) 1.787,9

(2016)

PEMBANGUNAN PLT BIOENERGI dalam MW

1,65 (2015) 3,03 (2016)

• Kebijakan mandatory campuran BBN ke BBM sebesar 20%

(B20) pada tahun 2016;

• Tantangan pengembangan BBN: Rendahnya harga minyak

dunia, menyebabkan selisih harga BBN & BBM tinggi;

• Subsidi BBN telah berjalan.

• Tambahan PLTP tahun 2016 sebesar 205 MW, dari PLTP

Sarulla Unit 1 (110 MW), PLTP Lahendong Unit 5&6 (2x20

MW), & PLTP Ulubelu Unit 3 (55 MW);

• Evaluasi feed in tarif yang lebih kompetitif dan mencerminkan

efektifitas biaya dengan regionalisasi.

Evaluasi feed in tarif yang lebih kompetitif dan mencerminkan

efektifitas biaya dengan regionalisasi.

Evaluasi feed in tarif yang lebih kompetitif dan

mencerminkan efektifitas biaya dengan regionalisasi.

Kenapa Belum Optimal ?

Kebijakan tidak menarik investor untuk investasidi bisnis ET.

Regulasi di ET sering berubah dan tidakkonsisten, mengancam kepastian hukum dankepastian berusaha


Kenapa Bisnis ET Perlu PeranPemerintah?

1. High Upfront Capital Cost:

2. High risk investment.

3. Long Lead Time:

4. Cost of development varies: (dari satulokasi ke lokasi lainnya) – utk PLTP, PLTA,PLTB, Arus laut

5. Unique Investment (Pabum, dll):

6. Single Buyer: Tidak bisa dilepaskan melaluiB to B, Perlu peran sentral dari Pemerintahdalam kebijakan harga

1. UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 30 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG ENERGI

• Prioritas penyediaan dan pemanfaatan EBT salah satunya Bioenergi

2. PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NO. 79 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG KEBIJAKAN ENERGINASIONAL

• Meningkatkan target kontribusi EBT di dalam bauran energi nasional sebesar 23% padatahun 2025 dan 31% pada tahun 2050

4. PERATURAN MENTERI ESDM NO. 12 TAHUN 2017 YG DIUBAH dgn PERMENNo.432017 dan PERMEN No. 502017 TENTANG PEMANFAATAN SUMBER ENERGITERBARUKAN UNTUK PENYEDIAAN TENAGA LISTRIK

• Menentukan harga patokan untuk listrik yang berasal dari energi terbarukan

3. PERATURAN PRESIDEN NO. 22 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG RENCANA UMUM ENERGINASIONAL

RUEN dijadikan sebagai rujukan dalam penyusunan RUED, RUKN, RUPTL, APBN danAPBD

10

Regulasi Pengembangan ET


Amanah UU No. 30 yang “wajib” dilaksanakan Pemerintah

a) Penyediaan energi dilakukan melalui:1) inventarisasi sumber daya energi;

2) peningkatan cadangan energi;

3) penyusunan neraca energi;

4) diversifikasi, konservasi, dan intensifikasi sumber energy dan energi; dan

5) penjaminan kelancaran penyaluran, transmisi, dan penyimpanan surmber energi dan energi.

b) Penyediaan energi oleh Pemerintah dan/atau pemerintah daerah diutamakan didaerah yang belum berkembang, daerah terpencil, dan daerah perdesaan denganmenggunakan sumber energi setempat, khususnya sumber energi terbarukan.

c) Daerah penghasil sumber energi mendapat prioritas untuk memperoleh energi darisumber energi setempat.

d) Penyediaan energi baru dan energi terbarukan wajib ditingkatkan oleh Pemerintahdan pemerintah daerah sesuai dengan kewenangannya.

e) Penyediaan energi dari sumber energi baru dan sumber energi terbarukan yangdilakukan o!eh badan usaha, bentuk usaha tetap, dan perseorangan dapatmemperoleh kemudahan dan/atau insentif dari Pemerintah dan/atau pemerintahdaerah sesuai dengan kewenangannya untuk jangka waktu tertentu hinggatercapai nilai keekonorniannya.

Pertanyaan-pertanyaan kunci

Apakah sudah ada regulasi yang ”kuat” dan “implementable”? UU No. 30/2007 sudah “mewajibkan” penggunaan ET, tetapi

pada kenyataannya belum mampu mencapai target KEN. Apadan siapa yang dapat menjadi ”alat” pemerintah untukmemenuhi kewajiban tersebut?

Apakah ketidakmampuan untuk memenuhi kewajibanpemanfaatan ET harus dijawab dengan penyusunan UU khusustentang ET?

Apakah sudah cukup dengan penyusunan PP sebagaimanadiamanatkan dalam UU 30/2007?

Apakah regulasi yang sudah diterbitkan “dipatuhi” olehstakeholder pemerintah lainnya? ESDM vs PLN vs Kem lainnya

Bagaimana dengan regulasi untuk mempermudah pengurusanijin-ijin di tingkat pusat dan daerah?


Beberapa Permen untuk Dukung ET

Pemerintah telah menerbitkan Permen untukpembangkitan:1. Permen 10/2017 (45/2017) mengatur tentang

pokok-pokok PJBL, pengecualian terhadappembangkitan intermitten (bayu dan PV),minihidro, biogas dan waste to energy

2. Permen 11/2017 (49/2017) mengaturpemanfaatan gas untuk pembangkitan

3. Permen 12/2017 (50/2017) mengatur tentangtarif pembelian listrik dari energi terbarukan

Permen ESDM


• Tidak konsisten: Presiden menyatakan bahwa pemerintah akanmemprioritaskan pengembangan ET. Tetapi disisi lain, Permen inimencantumkan bahwa pemanfaatan ET bertujuan untuk mengurangi BPPPLN. Hal ini berarti bahwa apabila harga ET > BPP, maka PLN, tidakakan memanfaatkan ET;

• Keinginan menjadikan ET untuk mengurangi BPP PLN merupakan bentuksubsidi ET terhadap energi berbasis fosil

• Penetapan harga patokan ET berdasarkan BPP PLN bertentangandengan UU 30/2007 (harga ET ditetapkan berdasarkan nilai keekonomianberkeadilan: biaya produksi dengan mempertimbangkan lingkungan dankonservasi);

Permasalahan dalam Permen ESDM

• UU 30/2007 Pasal 7 menyatakan bahwa “Harga energi ditetapkarl

berdasarkan nilai keekonomian berkeadilan”. Selanjutnya dalampenjelasan disebutkan bahwa “Yang dimaksud nilai keekonomianberkeadilan adalah suatu nilai/biaya yang merefleksikan biaya produksi

energi, termasuk biaya lingkungan dan biaya konservasi serta

keuntungan yang dikaji berdasarkan kemampuan masyarakat dan

ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah”• UU 30/2009 Pasal 2 Ayat 2 menyatakan bahwa “Pembangunan

ketenagalistrikan bertujuan untuk menjamin ketersediaan tenaga listrik

dalam jumlah yang cukup, kualitas yang baik, dan harga yang wajar

dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran rakyat

secara adil dan merata serta mewujudkan pembangunan yang

berkelanjutan”• UU 30/2009 Pasal 33 Ayat 1 menyatakan bahwa “Harga jual tenaga listrik

dan sewa jaringan tenaga listrik ditetapkan berdasarkan prinsip usaha

yang sehat”• Hal diatas menunjukkan bahwa Permen 12/2007 tidak sesuai dengan UU

UU vs Permen ESDM 12/2017


Permasalahan ET: lanjutan

• Birokrasi (perizinan, pembebasan lahan, perizinan kehutanan,dll)

• Penolakan dari komunitas masyarakat

• Kebijkan harga energi (issue yang paling krusial)

• Harus menarik investor

• Mau mengambil resiko

Faktor yang Menentukan IRR:

• Harga Energi:

Permen ESDM 19/2015 Permen 12/2017

Ketahanan energi Energi murah

Memajukan industry ET Subsidi energi fosil

Mengurangi emisi karbon

Berdasarkan nilai investasi dan lokasi Berdasarkan BPP wilayah

Meningkatkan peran pengusaha dalam

negeri

Mengunci tarif berdasarkan BPP PLN

diharapkan untuk tidak menimbulkan

kerugian bagi PLN


Kebijakan Harga dan Pasar Untuk Energi Terbarukan Indonesia

Harga Energi harus berdasarkan nilai ekonomik yang berasaldari biaya produksi, lingkungan & biaya konservasi sertakeuntungan yang wajar.

Karena Harga Energi ditetapkan agar terjangkau, maka untukmemenuhi keekonomian, perlu ada subsidi, atau insentif fiskaldan kemudahan lainnya

Pemerintah harus meregulasi pasar ET, termasuk pengaturankuota minimum untuk ET untuk pembangkit listrik, liquid fueldan gas yang dihasilkan dari sumber ET.


1. Besaran kapasitas yang dibahas: 10 MW, 20 MW, 55 MW, 110+ MW.2. Asumsi biaya untuk high enthalpy. Asumsi biaya untuk medium/low

enthalpy perlu mendapat perhatian khusus.3. Asumsi biaya untuk pengembangan geothermal greenfield dengan masa

pengembangan dan konstruksi selama 7 tahun (1 tahun untuk studigeoscience, 3 tahun untuk pembangunan infrastruktur, pemboraneksplorasi dan uji sumur serta resource assessment, 3 tahun untukproses financing dan pengembangan/EPC).

4. Asumsi biaya adalah untuk tahun 2015, USD real. Untuk biaya nominalharus memperhitungkan tingkat inflasi dan kondisi pasar.

5. Asumsi teknis sebagai berikut:a. Success ratio eksplorasi = 50%, pengembangan = 80%b. Kedalaman sumur eksplorasi = 2,500 m, pengembangan = 2,000 mc. Depletion rate = 4%d. Capacity and Availability Factor = 95%

Bagaimana Struktur Biaya Dalam PenentuanHarga ET (Keekonomian) – FiT: Case Pabum

6. Asumsi finansial sebagai berikut:a. PPN 10% sudah termasuk dalam asumsi biaya.b. Production Bonus (0.5%) sudah termasuk dalam Royalty sebesar 3%.c. Tidak termasuk biaya Ijin Pemanfaatan Jasa Lingkungan.d. PPh badan = 25%

7. Sudah memperhitungkan insentif pajak penghasilan (depresiasidipercepat, investment allowance, tax loss carry forward)

8. Bea masuk dan pajak impor = 0% (dibebaskan/tidak dipungut)9. Take or pay = 90%10. Inflasi = 2% per tahun11. Eskalasi tarif = 25% dari tarif atau sekitar 0.6% per tahun12.Target IRR proyek = 16%

Bagaimana Struktur Biaya Dalam PenentuanHarga ET (Keekonomian) - FiT



1. Pungutan cukai untuk pemanfaatan bahan bakar fosil dalamnegeri dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakarfosil tersebut. Besarnya pungutan yang dikenakan terhadappenggunaan bahan bakar fosil ditetapkan berdasarkan biayaeksternalitas dari pemanfaatan bahan bakar fosil tersebut (Salahsatu studi dari BPPT - Agus Sugiyono, BPPT, 2013 - menghitungbiaya eksternalitas pembangkit PLTU Batubara sebesar US cent2.8830/kWh).

2. Pungutan untuk ekspor bahan bakar fosil (depletion premium);3. Kontribusi dari masyarakat untuk pengembangan energi

terbarukan, terutama konsumen listrik PLN dengan instalasi >2200 kVA dengan besaran bervariasi tergantung besaraninstalasi dan konsumsi

Pendanaan kreatif untuk membiayaipengembangan ET kurangi beban APBN

1. Penyediaan listrik di daerah-daerah terpencil dan perbatasan untukmeningkatkan rasio elektrifikasi nasional;

2. Pemberian kompensasi kepada PLN dan Pertamina untuk menanggulangigap antara harga energi dan BPP PLN, dan gap antara biaya produksiPertamina dan harga jual BBN;

3. Penyediaan loan guarantee untuk investasi energi terbarukan, sehinggapihak perbankan bersedia memberikan pinjaman investasi kepadapengembang energi terbarukan tanpa keharusan untuk penyediaan physical

collateral;4. Penyediaan dana bergulir dengan bunga murah untuk menurunkan cost of

fund investasi energi terbarukan;5. Penyediaan dana untuk pengembangan bankable projects, yang mana dana

tersebut akan dikembalikan oleh pengembang apabila proyek sudah berhasildibangun;

6. Pembiayaan riset teknologi energi terbarukan;7. Pembiayaan capacity building, sertifikasi teknisi, dan sosialisasi energi

terbarukan;8. Dan lain-lain yang secara strategis bermanfaat untuk menunjang

pengembangan energi terbarukan.

Pendanaan yang diperoleh hendaknya dikelola oleh satubadan khusus untuk ET :


1. Abu Dhabi Water & Electricity Company (ADWEC) sebagai pembeli listrikmemiliki rating Baaa1 (Moody’s), yang menunjukkan kredibilitas yangsangat baik;

2. Jangka waktu PPA 25 tahun;3. Tersedia sovereign guarantee;4. Perlindungan terhadap penerimaan akibat perubahan undang-undang,

keterlambatan penyambungan;5. Solar irradiation yang lebih tinggi di UAE dibanding di Indonesia6. Produksi (P50) mencapai 1,815 kWh/kWp/tahun;7. Tersedia pinjaman antara untuk ekuitas;8. Tidak dikenakan pajak penghasilan, pajak dividen, dan pajak atas

pinjaman pemegang saham;9. Lahan tersedia dengan gratis;10.Transmisi dibangun oleh pembeli ke lokasi proyek tanpa biaya;11.Tidak ada resiko dalam penerbitan perijinan karena proyek didukung

sepenuhnya oleh pemerintah;12.Pembeli membagi resiko dengan investor dalam skema PPP, yang mana

pembeli menanggung 60% dari investasi (equity);13.Dengan kondisi tersebut di atas, investor mendapatkan IRR sebesar 7%.

Case study: Perbandingan Investasi PLTS di UAE dan di

IndonesiaUAE tender untuk pembangunan PLTS dengan total kapasitas terpasang sebesar1177.3 MWp; mulai 2019 sebesar 200 MWp


Strategi pencapaian 23%

ET Aspek Regulasi : Pembinaan, Pengawasan &

Insentif Fiskal

Aspek Bisnis : Harga berdasarkan Keekonomian

Aspek Legal : Perlu adanya UU ET

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Aspek Kelembagaan : BUMN ET?

Masyarakat Energi Terbarukan Indonesia26 APRIL 2017

TERIMA KASIH


Investasi PLN dalam

Pengembangan Energi Baru

Terbarukan

Jakarta, 15 Agustus 2017

Dipresentasikan oleh :

Nicke Widyawati

Direktur Pengadaan Strategis I

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Peran PLN dalam pengembangan EBT

BUMN

• Sebagai BUMN, PLN harus mendapatkan profit dari kegiatan usahayang dilakukan

Agen Pemerintah

• Sebagai agen Pemerintah dalam menyediakan ketersediaan listrik yangterjangkau bagi masyarakat.


Rencana Pengembangan Infrastruktur Tenaga Listrik 2017-2026

• 3

JAWA-BALI

Pembangkit 39.1 GW

Transmisi 18.494 kms

Gardu Induk 98.339 MVA

SUMATERA

Pembangkit 21.0 GW



KALIMANTAN

Pembangkit 6.9 GW



SULAWESI & NUSA TENGGARA

Pembangkit 8.6 GW


Gardu Induk 11.582 MVAMALUKU & PAPUA

Pembangkit 2.1 GW

Transmisi 2.479 kms


TOTAL INDONESIA

Pembangkit 77.9 GW



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Potensi Pengembangan EBT (Rencana Usaha Penyediaan Tenaga Listrik 2017-2026)

SISTEM JAWA-BALI

PLTS 200 MW

PLTA/M 5.837 MW

PLTP 10.149 MW

PLT Bayu 250 MW

REGIONAL SUMATERA

PLTS 235 MW

PLTA/M 5.916 MW

PLTP 12.912 MW

PLT Bayu 0 MW

REGIONAL KALIMANTAN

PLTS 80 MW

PLTA/M 1.910 MW

PLTP 182,5 MW

PLT Bayu 150 MW

REGIONAL SULAWESI & NUSA

TENGGARA

PLTS 170 MW

PLTA/M 7.244 MW

PLTP 4.774 MW

PLT Bayu 170 MW

REGIONAL MALUKU & PAPUA

PLTS 40 MW

PLTA/M 268 MW

PLTP 1.526 MW

PLT Bayu 45 MW

TOTAL INDONESIA

PLTS 725 MW

PLTA/M 21.175 MW

PLTP 29.543,5 MW

PLT Bayu 615 MW


PENAMBAHAN PEMBANGKIT EBT2017-2026

• 3

No Pembangkit - EBT Kapasitas Jumlah

1 PLTP MW -

2 PLTA MW 1,056

3 PLTMH MW 10

4 PLT Surya MWp -

5 PLT Bayu MW 150

6 PLT Biomass/Sampah MW 41

7 PLT Kelautan MW -

8 PLT Bio-Fuel Ribu Kilo Liter 548

MW 1,257 Jumlah


1 PLTP MW 3,305

2 PLTA MW 4,284

3 PLTMH MW 983

4 PLT Surya MWp 5

5 PLT Bayu MW -


7 PLT Kelautan MW -


MW 8,851 Jumlah


1 PLTP MW 2,510

2 PLTA MW 4,562

3 PLTMH MW 437

4 PLT Surya MWp -

5 PLT Bayu MW 250


7 PLT Kelautan MW -


MW 7,965 Jumlah


1 PLTP MW 400

2 PLTA MW 2,323

3 PLTMH MW 221

4 PLT Surya MWp 52

5 PLT Bayu MW 170


7 PLT Kelautan MW -


MW 3,186 Jumlah


1 PLTP MW 75

2 PLTA MW 118

3 PLTMH MW 43

4 PLT Surya MWp -

5 PLT Bayu MW 45


7 PLT Kelautan MW -


MW 290 Jumlah

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No Pembangkit - EBT Kapasitas 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Jumlah

1 PLTP MW 305 165 315 186 365 790 345 1,015 2,510 294 6,290

2 PLTA MW 18 87 323 154 1,800 1,555 2,035 1,697 3,675 1,000 12,342

3 PLTMH MW 68 112 163 198 388 326 178 30 150 81 1,694

4 PLT Surya MWp 20 13 24 - - - - - - - 57

5 PLT Bayu MW - - 215 280 120 - - - - - 615

6 PLT Biomass/Sampah MW 43 76 243 93 91 6 - - - - 552

7 PLT Kelautan MW - - - - - - - - - - -

8 PLT Bio-Fuel Ribu Kilo Liter 930 731 331 263 197 108 112 116 123 129 3,041

MW 453 453 1,282 911 2,764 2,676 2,557 2,742 6,335 1,375 21,549 Jumlah

Pengembangan EBT sesuai RUPTL 2017 - 2026


Proyeksi Bauran Energi 2017 - 2026

• 5

Panas Bumi

8.9%

BBM

0.4% Gas 8.3%LNG

18.4% Lainnya

1.2%

2026

EBT : 11.9%

GAS: 25.8%

Air 12.4%

Batubara 50.4%

EBT : 22.5%

GAS: 26.6%


PLTG/PLTMG

3,944 MW

8% PLTGU

11,262 MW

22%

PLTD

5,771 MW

11%

PLTU

24,883 MW

48%

PLTP

1499.5 MW

3%PLTA

4010 MW

8%

PLTM

323.4 MW

1%

PLTBm/

PLTBg/PLTSa

154.4 MW

0,3%

PLTS

13 MW

0,03%

PLTG/PLTMG

PLTGU

PLTD

PLTU

PLTP

PLTA

PLTM

PLTBm/PLTBg/PLTSa

PLTS

Komposisi Pembangkit EBT Operasi per Juni

2017

- Total Pembangkit : 51.860 MW

- Total Pembangkit EBT : 6.003 MW

- Porsi EBT : 12 %

• 6


Status Pengembangan EBT per Juni 2017

• 7

StatusPLTP PLTA PLTM PLTBm

(MW)

PLTSa PLTB PLTAL

(MW)

PLTD CPO

(MW)

PLTS Total

(MW) (MW) (MW) (MW) (MW) (MW) (MW)

Operasi 1,665 4,010 323 136 18 - 13 6,165

Konstruksi 305 1,514 212 10 70 - 2,111

PPA/Proses FC 80 639 192 - 60 - 971

Eksplorasi (PLTP) 2,075 - - - - - 2,075

Proses PPA - 567 117 22 - 5 50 762

Studi, Pendanaan dan

pengadaan500 8,220 18 - 270 - 9,008

Proposal 70 7,329 702 30 503 2 2 800 9,439

Total 4,695 22,279 1,566 199 18 903 2 7 863 30,531


Tantangan Dan Peluang Pengembangan EBT

1


Tantangan Pengembangan EBT (1)

• 13

Biaya Pengembangan EBT selalu dibandingkan dengan Biaya Pembangkit Listrik dari Energi Fosil yang belum memperhitungkan faktor lingkungan

BPP di beberapa Wilayah Indonesia sudah relatif rendah.

Take Or Pay untuk beberapa Pembangkit Thermal IPP

Keterbatasan Sistem untuk menerima Pembangkit EBT Intermittent


Tantangan Pengembangan EBT (2)

• 13

Potensi Energi Hydro yang tersisa kurang ekonomis dikembangkan dengan tarif mengacu pada BPP

Untuk pembangkit Panas Bumi (PLTP), biaya eksplorasi terutama untuk drilling yang cukup besar dengan succes ratio yang kecil.

Untuk PLTP besaran kapasitas antara potensi dengan cadangan terbukti yang berbeda

Biaya Pengembangan PLTSa lebih tinggi dari harga patokan tertinggi yang bisa diterima oleh PLN


Peluang Pengembangan EBT (1)

• 13

Rasio elektrifikasi di daerah Timur Indonesia masih rendah.

Terbuka kemungkinan skema pembangkit hybrid untuk menurunkan pemakaianHSD.

Harga Solar Panel makin kompetitif ke depannya.

Penerapan dan pengembangan smart grid dan control system sangatdimungkinkan untuk meningkatkan penetrasi pembangkit EBT.

Penerapan teknologi mesin Diesel dengan bahan bakar nabati (BBN) sangatdimungkinkan dengan catatan harga CPO bersaing dengan harga HSD.



• 13

Cadangan feedstock (untuk Biomass/Biogas) masih melimpahdi beberapa daerah sehingga pengembangan masihdimungkinkan.

Pengembangan Biomass/Biogas sangat diminati karena bisamelibatkan masyarakat dalam penyediaan feed stock.

Keberhasilan pengembangan PLTB Sidrap dan Jeneponto akanmemberi contoh untuk daerah lainnya



• 13

Untuk Hydro, metoda pelaksanaan proyek Hidro makin efisiensehingga kalkulasi biaya proyek bisa memungkinkan tarif disekitar BPP dapat diterima pengembang.

Untuk Panas Bumi, pembahasan PJBTL panas bumi dengan PLNdilakukan setelah ada cadangan terbukti/hasil eksplorasi sehinggabesaran kapasitas pengembangan menjadi lebih akurat.

Ijin-ijin pengembangan hidro dan panas bumi yang telahditerbitkan namun belum berjalan untuk dapat diberikanpenugasannya ke PLN.


Intervensi Pemerintah dalam pengembangan EBT

1


Contoh: Program Percepatan PLTSa 7 Kota

Fit PLTSa Permen ESDM No. 44 tahun 2015


Intervensi Pemerintah dalam Pengembangan EBT

Kompensasi dari Pemerintah diperlukan PLN untuk menutup selisih antara BPP dan tariflistrik (PLTSa bila tarif listrik Permen ESDM No. 44 th. 2015).

Intervensi Pemerintah diperlukan pengembang PLTSa untuk Pembangunan PLTSa diluar 7kota.

Intervensi Pemerintah diperlukan untuk Pengembangan Pembangkit EBT yang BPP sudahrendah.

Intervensi Pemerintah didalam penyesuaian peraturan Model Bisnis Eksisting IPP terutamakewajiban Take Or Pay.

Intervensi Pemerintah dalam menanggung risiko kegagalan eksplorasi Panas Bumi.

Intervensi Pemerintah dalam pengembangan demand untuk daerah yang kaya akan potensienergi EBT.

Kerja Nyata, Terangi Nusantara

Summary Matrix & Faktor yang mempengaruhi investasi energi terbarukan

Risiko




Usulan Mitigasi Fiskal


Usulan Mitigasi Non-Fiskal


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

FOLLOWING FGD 1 & FGD 2

ACCELERATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY INVESTMENTS Prepared by Bely Utarja

18/08/2017

There are many reasons for Indonesia to immediately accelerate investment in new and renewable

energy generation plants. Some of the main reasons that arise from the first focus group discussion are:

1. Limited availability of support from the availability of fossil energy reserves to development.

2. The tremendous trend of uncertainty and volatility in prices and supply of fossil energy.

3. Negative externality of the utilization of fossil energy that is not internalized to its supply price.

4. The magnitude of the multiplier effect of renewable energy investment development and at the

same time Indonesia needs the acceleration of economic growth apart from middle income

trap.

5. The Government has decided to have energy mix targets in accordance with the General Plan of

National Energy and is committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the electricity

sector.

Indonesia already has a fairly complete set of energy sector policies. Starting from Law No. 30/2007

about Energy, PP. 79/2014 about the National Energy Policy, which is further translated into the RUEN

(National General Plan of Energy) and RUKN (National General Electricity Plan), is in discussion with the

legislature. This policy tool will be supplemented by a bottom-up policy, ie the district-level RUED and

the provincial level RUED. RUED at the provincial level requires synchronization with RUEN.

In addition, the Government has also provided policy instruments related to prices, subsidies and energy

incentives of EBT. The policy instruments include:

1. Renewable energy price settings: Permen ESDM 43/2017 change of Permen ESDM 12/2017

2. Core technology developer incentives in the field of EBT: risk assurance on the utilization of

research results and rewarding awards for technology developers; from Kemenristekdikti

3. Tax allowance:

o PP 1/2007 jo PP 62/2008 jo PP 52/2011; PMK 144/2012: PPH reduction and accelerated

depreciation / amortization

o PMK 159/2016: tax deductions of 10% to 100%

o PMK 89/2015: procedure for granting income tax facility

o PMK 268/2015: procedures for granting facilities are exempted from VAT on the import

and or delivery of certain taxable goods which are of a strategic nature

4. Import duties:

o KMK 766/1992: duty free, VAT, PPBM, and income tax on imports of operation goods

for the geothermal resource operations

o PMK 78/2005: duty-free on imports of goods for geothermal operations

G-38 SIEP Final Report - January 2018

o PMK 177/2007: import duty on the import of goods for upstream oil, natural gas and

geothermal activities

o PMK 21/2010: taxation and customs facilities

5. Funding:

o PMK 139/2011: granting of PT PLN (Persero) business feasibility guarantee for EBT, coal

and gas power plants; through cooperation with private power developers

o PMK 3/2012: geothermal fund facility

However, the performance of EBT investments is not in accordance with the established targets. For

example, data from the Investment Coordinating Board show that there is a huge gap between the

investment target and its outcome. The investment target of domestic investment for this sector in 2006

- 2009 was USD 13.69 billion, but its achievement was only USD 1.43 billion. As for foreign investment,

the target is USD 61.69 billion but the achievement is only USD 1.75 billion. On the other hand, the

growth of energy mix was not in accordance with the target of National General Energy Plan, which is

only 0.55% per year, compared to 0.9% per year. By 2016, the EBT mix is only 7.7%, less than the 10.7%

target.

In macro, the cause of not reaching the target is caused by some phenomenon as follows:

1. Weak cross-sectorial coordination:

a. Ease of licensing at the central level was not followed by the same at the regional level

b. Most of the sources of problems that arise come from the local government, State-

Owned Enterprises, The Ministry of Environment and land

c. The unavailability of RUED and RUKD to be harmonious with RUEN and RUKN

2. The incompatibility of the purchase price policy with the fiscal incentive policy so as to improve

the economics of investment of EBT power plant optimally:

a. The changes of Permen ESDM 12/2017 to the Permen ESDM 43/2017 is still inadequate;

still to be changed again,

b. The ESDM Ministry with the Ministry of Finance (BKF) still feels the need to jointly

reformulate fiscal support that is more suitable to the needs.

The above phenomenon results from the interaction between the main actors in the arena of EBT policy.

The main actors are: Government, PT PLN and Private Developers.

1. Government: The government's position in achieving the target achievement of the mix and the

reduction of greenhouse gas emissions does not look solid. On one hand, the national energy

policy has mandated the targets of these achievements. And on the other hand, the

Government is currently facing fiscal constraints:

a. Although the internalization of health and environmental costs does make the cost of

providing fossil energy more expensive, but the initial cost for high EBT thus burden the

current state budget.


b. The current low cost of fossil energy supports more just energy policies that seek to

provide cheap electricity access to the less fortunate

2. PT PLN: PLN has a unique position in the electricity sector. As a State-Owned Enterprise

(Persero), PLN must maintain margin to maintain sustainability. On the other hand, as a

government agency, PLN must provide electricity to the public and users in general at an

affordable price.

3. Private developers: have a profit motive so expect an adequate rate of return to grow and

expand. Private developers need legal certainty and business certainty; and prefer the FIT

scheme.

The uncertainty of the Government's position and the current economic downturn led to a growing

conflict of interest between PT PLN and private developers:

1. PLN has a purpose to reduce the cost of electricity supply, which causes PT PLN to only purchase

electricity from EBT plants if it offers lower tariff compared to the cost of electricity supply of PT

PLN in the area.

2. PT PLN follows a fair energy policy which means that at present it will prioritize fossil-fuel power

plants. Although at the same time the development of private electricity EBT tries to offer

electricity with lower external costs.

3. Take or pay agreements from old generators - including fossil-generating plants - cause new

plants - including EBT plants - cannot simply replace the role of old generators.

Therefore, the Government must immediately establish the position and apply the appropriate

regulatory approach to direct incentives of PT PLN and Private Power Developers so that the

acceleration program of EBT investment can be realized. Related to this, in the second FGD, the

Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs designed roundtable discussion for each type of EBT

generator: solar, water, wind, geothermal, biomass and waste. Each technology uses a single table.

The output of each table is a Government support proposal - both fiscal and non-fiscal - that match the

technological characteristics. To produce the output, the steps are:

1. Identify risks that may affect the cost of Capex, Opex and funding.

2. Mapping identified risks to the impact probability matrix.

3. Select the risks that are in the upper right position of the resulting matrix to be the focus of

further discussion.

4. Formulate the allocation of risks at: central government, local government, PT PLN, private

developers and / or third parties.

5. Formulate the types of non-fiscal support that can be provided on risks allocated to the Central

Government or the Regional Government.

6. If non-fiscal support is available, what kind of incentive instrument is effective to improve the

financial feasibility of private developers?

The preliminary results of the roundtable discussion are as follows (based on suggestions from each

table):

1. Related to the contract structure with PT PLN:

a. Change the BOOT scheme to BOT: Solar, Water and Biogas / Biomass.


b. The PPA (Allowance for Uncollectable Assets) structure is bankable: Water and

Geothermal.

c. Direct appointment mechanisms: Water and Biogas / Biomass.

d. PPA (Allowance for Uncollectable Assets) with take or pay during the period of

cooperation agreement: Water.

2. Non-fiscal Support Central Government:

a. TKDN leeway: Solar.

b. Provision of spinning reserve to PT PLN: Solar.

c. Certainty of obtaining permits: Solar

d. Providing incentives to PT. PLN to apply smart grid.

e. Acceleration of master list management by BKPM.

f. Acceleration of custom clearance: Biogas / Biomass.

g. Environmental permit requirements do not need to do an Environmental impact

assessment (AMDAL) but Environmental Management Efforts (UKL) and/or

Environmental Monitoring Efforts (UPL) is sufficient: Biogas / Biomass.

h. Socialization of the implementation of sustainable financing OJK program: Biogas /

Biomass.

i. There is an umbrella regulation for EBT sector in the form of Government Regulation:

Water.

j. Rregulations of ministerial regulatory level be more specific for the type of EBT

technology: Water.

k. Construction of Collector Substation: Water.

l. Encouraging the emergence of non / limited recourse financing: Biogas / Biomass

3. Central Government fiscal support:

a. Economic tariffs for renewable energy: Solar, Geothermal

b. Allocation of exploration fund: Geothermal

c. The cost of exploration funding: Geothermal

d. Low interest rate facility for EBT: Biogas / Biomass

e. Provision of Feed in Tariff: Biogas / Biomass

f. VAT borne by the Government: Water

g. Corporate income tax is exempted at certain time (tax holiday) for example 10 years:

Water

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technical assistance consultant’s report · tenaga listrik), developing new and renewable energy...

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