techinques in essay writing part i & ii

7/29/2019 Techinques in Essay Writing Part I & II

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ESSAY WRITING

LEARNING AND STUDY TECHNIQUES ( PART 1)

Writing is a way of communicating your ideas. The art of good essay writing is to

have something to say and to express these ideas clearly and concisely. In Paper 2 of thePMR English Language examination , students are required to write one composition in

not less than 120 words. The types of guided compositions are as follows :

1. Pictorial or route maps

2. Descriptive compositions

3. Narratives4. Note expansion

5. Processes and procedures6. Letters ( Formal or Informal)

7. Articles8. Speeches and Talks

9. Giving opinions

10. Dialogues and conversations

Guidelines

You are advised to spend 40 minutes in Section A , where you will have to write

one guided composition.

Read the instructions and question carefully so that you understand the

requirements of the task.

Underline or circle the keyword or main point to ensure that you are keeping track

with the requirement of the question.

Focus on the format that is required, for example whether it is a letter, a speech or

writing a story based on given pictures.

Spend time to plan for your composition. Jot down important notes and ideas using

a mind map.

Present you ideas in sentences and later write them out into paragraphs.

Use clear and grammatically correct sentences. Use interesting expressions toarouse the readers interest.

Finally, after you have completed your composition, read again and edit your work.

Check for spelling errors, inappropriate tenses and incorrect sentence structures.


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THE BRAINSTORMING STAGE ( Time allotted : 3 minutes )

This is the first stage in any essay writing process. Brainstorming is writing downeverything you can think of without considering whether it is good or useable. During the

brainstorming session you will usually come up with a list of words and phrases. Just jotdown ideas that seem related to the topic or question. Later on you can delete the ideas that

are irrelevant.

THE PLANNING STAGE ( Time allotted : 34 minutes)

The second stage in this process is the planning stage. Every composition consists

of an introduction , a body and a conclusion.

Introduction Refers to your general overview of the topic or your comment

regarding it. comment regarding it. An introduction should be short andclear and should inform the reader what you are going to

write about.

This is the main section of your composition. Write out eachmainin a paragraph you will main idea in a paragraph. Remember : in a paragraph

you will have a topic sentence and supporting details

(which include examples and further elaborations).

TOPIC SENTENCE : to inform readers what the paragraph

is about.

SUPPORTING DETAILS: to explain, give reasons or examples

that support and elaborate the topic

sentence. An example is given below

A forest is a large area of land covered with trees. A forest is

not only made up of trees. It also includes smaller plants such as mosses, shrubsand wild flowers. In addition many kinds of birds, insects and other animals make

their home in the forest.

Topic sentence : A forest is a large are of land covered with trees.

Supporting details : It includes smaller plants for example mosses, shrubs and wild

flowers. Many kinds of birds, insects and other animals make their

INTRODUCTION

BODY


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home in the forest.

This is the last paragraph of your writing. Here you are to

conclusion to be effective, summarise the main points which you have stated in the

earlier paragraphs or to restate your opinion or stand on thetopic.

THE EDITING STAGE ( Time allotted : 3 minutes)

This is the final and crucial stage of your writing process . But I find manystudents seem to ignore this last bit of effort before passing up their work. By editing , youare actually checking whether you have missed out any relevant information . You can also

use the time left by checking for correct grammar ,sentence structures , spellings and

tenses. Below is a checklist that I find helpful in monitoring the editing process.

NO

ITEMS PLACE A ( / ) AFTER

CHECKING

1 Notes ( expanded)

2 Relevant details (added )

3 Examples (given)

4 Main ideas ( in sequence)

5 Tenses( used correctly)

6 Sentences ( grammatically correct)

7 Paragraphs( organised)

8 Spelling( without errors)

9 Punctuation (correctly placed)

10 Handwriting ( eligible)

I would advise students to take some time every week to practice your writing

skills. Although some of you may feel it to be taxing at first but I can assure you that thisexercise is most useful for an English Language student to do. And with constant and

consistent effort , without giving up , you can eventually write better compositions in the

PMR examination. Remember: We can do anything we want to do if we stick to it longenough Helen Keller.

CONCLUSION


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ESSAY WRITING

LEARNING AND STUDY TECHNIQUES ( PART I1)

THE FIVE PARAGRAPH ESSAY

TIPS AND TECHNIQUES

As a teacher , my sole concern will be to find ways on how to improve

my students essay writing skills. In this issue I would like to share some ideas that I finduseful to practice .

Writing a good five paragraph essay requires one to master the format ofthis kind of essay. What is required for writing a good five- paragraph essay is the same as

writing any good piece of writing but in this case the format has to be exact.

Since writing is a form of communication , you must always remember that the goal is tobecome clear, concise and unified so that the reader can follow along and appreciate your

piece of writing and flow of thought. The five- paragraph essay is indeed a great tool for

learning and communicating at all levels.

Here are some ideas that are helpful when writing the above essay :

1. A five paragraph essay consists of

an introduction ( one paragraph)

body of contents ( three paragraphs)

a conclusion ( one paragraph)


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2. Writing the Introductory Paragraph

This is the most important part of the essay writing process as you are

grabbing the readers attention by informing him or her the main points of

your essay. Spend time learning to write this well.

A poor impression often turns off the reader or the examiner.

You have to grab the readers attention with interest and clarity.

Choose a topic which you know quite well.

Brainstorm for ideas , then jot them down and arrange them in order.

You may give a definition, a quotation, proverb or a general statement

of the topic.

REMEMBER: The introduction should be short comprising of a few

sentences.

3. Writing the Body of an Essay

You need to write THREE paragraphs in this kind of essay.

A paragraph is a group of sentences that is linked to relate ideas.

The sentences should be varied and do not use the same dull sentence

structures.

Be sure that there is a flow of ideas in your paragraphs and these are

connected and in sequence.

Each paragraph should made up of a topic sentence and supporting

details.

You must provide a transition between one paragraph to the next

paragraph so that the reader sees that there is a link or connection and can

anticipate what is coming next.

REMEMBER: the most important sentence in a paragraph is the first

sentence ( topic sentence) which informs us of the main idea in the

paragraph and the last sentence in each paragraph summarises what had

been said earlier in the paragraph.

4. Writing the Conclusion

You have to restate what had been said in the three paragraphs.

The introductory paragraph becomes a strong guide for writing the

conclusion or summary paragraph.

You must summarise effectively


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Practice writing conclusions for a while. Sometimes you find that you

have developed a style that is good and impressive .

REMEMBER : These are the last thoughts you will leave with the reader/

examiner. Make them the best that you can.

PMR ENGLISH LANGUAGEPRACTICEBY:

ABIDAH BT SARAJUL HAQ

ENGLISH LANGUAGE MASTERTEACHER

SEKOLAH TUANKU ABDUL RAHMAN , IPOH

PRACTICE 1

BATA has a whole new range of bags and shoe wear. It ___(1)______offering a 10 per cent ___(2)______ on any of it standard collection of products. Just cut

____(3)_____ the coupon in our Batas advertisement page. Ladies items are

____(4)_____ from RM29.90 to RM139. The Bata __(5)________ in Malaysia have

____(6)_____ a long way. Remember First to BATA then to school ?. From ahousehold name selling school ___(7)_______ , BATA has gone on ____(8)_______

serve different segments of the market.

Adapted from KLIA Times, July 2007

1 A are 2 A increase 3 A out 4 A prices

B was B decrease B off B pricedC is C account C in C price

D were D discount D on D price

5 A branches 6 A come 7 A shoes 8 A toB tree B comes B sandals B for

C branch C coming C boots C up

D root D came D socks D on


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PRACTICE 2

Five- year old Daniel woke up one day to a rainy morning . It was pouring

cats and dogs outside. Mummy , of course did not want him to get in the rain and

suggested that day he stay home for the day.Just then came a totally unexpected reaction from Daniel .He screamed

Nooo!! and threw a tantrum like never before . He insisted on going to school ,no

matter what.Most children would very happy stay home from school , but not Daniel , a

Smart Reader Kids student . He has never missed a day of school.A chat with any Smart Reader Kids teacher confirms that most centres have a

very low non-attendance rate.

Children have short attention spans. And if you cant keep them interested ,

you will have a headache chasing after them because they will be running all over the

place, says a teacher at Smart Reader Kids. Three to six- year- olds are constantly moving about and they cant sit still

for more than two minutes in one place. It makes our work much easier as we have a

curriculum that captures their attention 100% , said one of the teachers.

Adapted from The Star Education Guide 20/ 9/ 07

9 Pouring cats and dogs in passage means

A floodB thunderstorms

C heavy rain

D scanty rain

10 What is special about the Smart Reader Kids Centre?

A students are always 100% attentiveB students are always running around

C students can play anytimeD students are always chatting

11 Why did Daniel scream when his mother told him to stay home?

A He was happy


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B He was sadC He was sick

D He was angry

12 He has never missed a day of school means

A his attendance in school was 50 %

B his attendance in school was 100 %

C his attendance in school was 80%

D his attendance in school was 99%

PRACTICE 3

On 31 August , Malaysia will celebrate her 50th birthday! It is s special day for us .

We remember how our country achieved its independence from the British at midnight 30

August 1957. It was our first Prime Minister , Tunku Abdul Rahman ,who helped our

country to achieve its independence. Tunku ,as he was fondly known , formed an alliancebetween the United Malay National Organisation [UMNO] , the Malayan Chinese

Association[MCA] and the Malayan Indian Congress[MIC] . Together with his colleagues,

Tunku led the fight for independence from the BritishWhen Malaya ,as it was then known, became independent, Tunku was elected as

the countrys first Prime Minister . A prince from Kedah, Tunku was loved by the people .

For his role in uniting the three races and achieving Malaysians Independence, he becameknown asBapa Malaysia.

Thanks to the efforts of the older generations , young Malaysian today live in peace

and harmony.

Adapted from Quest magazine July August issue 2007

13 Who had helped Malaysia to achieve its independence?

A Tun Abdul RahmanB Tun Hussein Onn

C Tunku Abdul Rahman

D Tun Dr Mahathir

14 On 31 August 1957,Malaya achieved its independence from the


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A Japanese

B Portuguese

C DutchD British

15 Why was Tunku loved by the people?

A He invented a special place for certain people.

B He united the races in MalayaC He fought in the war with the British

D He was our second Prime Minister

16 The word colleaguesin the passage means

A neighbours

B schoolmates

C partners

D enemies

PRACTICE 4

The fitting sessions would be conducted at either Hajjah Cik Minahs SongketHouse in Penambang or at the tailors in Kota Bharu . Jamal and his fiance would have

their songket fitting sessions in the morning at the baju Melayu sessions in the afternoon .

Then they usually lunched together in Kota Bharu , chaperoned , definitely, but it was a

small matter . The more important matter was that these fitting sessions were the timesJamal stole precious few moments with his wife-to-be. He began to notice more things

about her . She had a mole on the left of her chin and she was actually far fairer than she

had seemed when he had first seen her. Fair complexion in ladies were was very muchprized.

Of Bunga Telur and Bally Shoes by Che Husna Azhari

17 What were the fitting sessions for ?

A To see who is fitter

B To try out the wedding outfitsC To discuss wedding outfits


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D To organise the buffet lunch

18 The word chaperonedmeans

A followed by an uncle

B followed by a stranger

C accompanied by a husband

D accompanied by an older woman

19 Jamals wife-to- be- is described as

A Very fair without any moleB Quite fair with a mole on her cheek

C Fair with a mole on her chin

D Moderately fair with some moles on her chin

20 What did Jamal and his fiance do during the afternoon ?

A They had a stroll

B They did some shopping

C They visited friends and relativesD They had lunch together

PRACTICE 5

Zahid , youve turned into a little monster!.

In reply Zahid merely lifted his eyebrows and gazed off into space. He was really

putting on a show .From time to time ,he sniggered . No one could fathom his thoughts.

If you dont have a book or pencil , then go home . Youre better off staying athome and sleeping . Whats the use in coming to school if youre going to act like a brat? .

The teacher s threats didnt bother him at all. His face remained expressionless andempty. Once in a while , he would stare spitefully at his teacher and wish , if you were

only my size, Id take you on too, just as I did Dolah..

Stand here until school is out, Mr.Jamal commanded . Zahid headed for the

corner, with his head down, but on his lips there was a smile. He strutted, as thoughmocking the command given by his teacher. Mr.Jamal became furious.


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When school was out , Dolah was waiting for him. But Zahid was in luck, because hehappened to be carrying a piece of wood to protect himself.

The Pencil by Ali Majod

21 The phrase putting on a show means

A to show something

B to take part

C to pretend

D to react

22 Why did Mr. Jamal call Zahid a little monster?

A He looks like a monsterB He sings in the classC He helps the students in the class

D He disturbs the students in the class

23 The piece of wood that Zahid carried was for

A donationB protection

C selling

D throwing

24 The teachers threats didnt bother Zahid because

A he was not afraid of anyone

B he was happy in school

C he did not understand what the teacher meantD he did not know what to do

Good Luck and All the Best in your PMR exam

ANSWERS

1 C 2 D 3 B 4 B 5A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 C 10 A 11 D 12 B

13 C 14 D 15 B 16 C 17 B 18 D 19 C 20 D 21 C 22 D 23 B 24 A


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techinques in essay writing part i & ii

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