team-initiated problem solving (tips)

Rob Horner, Steve Newton, & Anne ToddUniversity of Oregon

Bob Algozzine & Kate AlgozzineUniversity of North Carolina at Charlotte

Workshop ObjectivesIdentify problems in terms of differences

between…Your school’s average Major ODRs/ Minors per

school day per month and the national averageYour school’s average Major ODRs/ Minors per

school day per month for this year and for corresponding months of the previous year

A desirable trend and an undesirable trend

Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.

Workshop ObjectivesDefine and clarify problems using SWIS data

(ODRs by problem behavior, time, location, & student)

Determine what SWIS Custom Reports are needed to confirm/disconfirm your inferences

Write a precise problem statement that incorporates information about what, when, where, & who


Workshop ObjectivesDevelop a hypothesis about why problem is

occurring, & write hypothesis statement on P-S Action Plan Discuss and select solutions to problem, &

write solution actions on P-S Action Plan


Workshop ObjectivesWrite P-S Action Plan items for team-

identified problems, including measurable Goals

Calculate baseline & solution rates for problems

Monitor progress at…Completing tasks listed in Meeting MinutesSolving problems listed in P-S Action Plan


Themes & AssumptionsDecision making is aided by access to data (“data-

based decision making”- DBDM)PBIS Team meetings are a major context for

DBDMProviding instruction on how to embed DBDM in a

problem-solving model (TIPS) will result in problem solving that is ThoroughLogicalEfficientEffective

Structure of meetings lays foundation for efficiency and effectiveness


Identify Problems

—John Gardner

People aren’t tired from solving problems – they’re are tired from solving the same problem over and over.

CollectCollect and Useand Use

DataData

DevelopHypothesis

Discuss andSelect

SolutionsDevelop andImplementAction Plan

Evaluate andRevise

Action Plan.

Problem Solving Meeting Foundations

Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Model

Identify Problems


Organizing Discipline Referral (SWIS)Data for Decision-makingUniversal Screening Tool

Proportion of students with 0-1 Office Discipline Referrals (ODRs) 2-5 ODRs 6+ ODRs

Progress Monitoring Tool Compare data across time

Prevent previous problem patterns Define Problems with precision that lead to

solvable problemsNewton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.

Using the Referrals by Student report as a Universal Screening Tool

0

10

20

Num

ber

of R

efe

rrals

per

Stu

dent

StudentsNewton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.

Cu

mu

lati

ve M

ean

OD

Rs

Cumulative Mean ODRs Per Month for 325+ Elementary Schools 08-09

Jennifer Frank, Kent McIntosh, Seth May

~80% of Students

~15%

~5%

0-1 office discipline referral

6+ office discipline referrals

2-5 office discipline referrals

Using office discipline referrals as a metric for universal screening of student social behavior


Using ODRs to Identify ProblemsBuild a picture for the pattern of office

referrals in your school.

Compare the picture with a national average

Compare the picture with previous years

Compare the picture with social standards of faculty, families, students.

Goal

1. Identify problems empirically2. Identify problems early3. Identify problems in a manner

that leads to problem solving not just whining


Problems & Problem SolvingPBIS Teams focus on social and academic

problemsProblem – Difference between

expected/desired student behavior & current student behavior

Problem identification - Finding a difference & making decision about whether it is significant enough to require team action now

Problem solving – Figuring out how to eliminate or reduce difference


Tot

al O

ffic

e D

isci

plin

e R

efer

rals

Total Office Discipline Referrals as of January 10



Change Report OptionsChange Report Options1.41.82.72.52.753.4900.000

What do you think?

SWIS summary 2008-2009 (Majors Only)3,410 schools; 1,737,432 students; 1,500,770 ODRs

Grade Range

Number of Schools

Avg. Enrollment per school

National Avg. for Major ODRs per 100 students, per school day

K-6 2,162 450 .34 = about 1 Major ODR every 3 school days, or about 34 every 100 days

6-9 602 657 .85 = a little less than 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 85 every 100 days

9-12 215 887 1.27 = more than 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 127 every 100 days

K-

(8-12)

431 408 1.06 = about 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 106 every 100 days


Comparing a Specific Elementary School to the National Average

Grade Range

Number of Schools



K-6 2,162 450 .34 = about 1 Major ODR every 3 school days, or about 34 every 100 days

If your elementary school has 150 students, it has ____ times more than 100 students? (150/100 = 1.5 times more)

So you might expect Major ODRs per school day to be about 1.5 times greater than .34 (1.5 X .34 = 0.51 ODRs per school day, for a school with 150 students)

Now compare school’s Major ODRs per school day per month against national average of 0.51 ODRs per school day per month for elementary school with 150 students. Judge whether difference is significant enough to be a problem. Let’s take a look…


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast year

Elementary School with 150 StudentsCompare with National Average

150 / 100 = 1.50 1.50 X .34 = .51

Our school is above the national rate for ODRs for the past seven months. We have an increasing trend


0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months


Elementary School with 450 Students

Compare with National Average

450 / 100 = 4.50 4.50 X .34 = 1.53

Our school is below the national average for schools our size AND we have an increasing

trend for the past seven months


Phoenix Elementary enrollment: 265 265/100 = 2.65 (2.65 x .34 = .901)

Our rates of

problem behavior are above

the national

average for 8 of past 10 months, almost

double the number from last year, and

there is an increasing

trend from

November – April

Now, What do you Think?Elementary School of 350 students

Compare with national average: Elementary School

350/100 = 3.5 3.5 X .34 = 1.19

Comparing a Specific Middle School to the National Average

Grade Range

Number of Schools



6-9 602 657 .85 = a little less than 1 Major ODR per school day, or about 85 every 100 days

If your middle school has 600 students, it has ____ times more than 100 students?

(600/100 = 6 times more)

So you might expect Major ODRs per school day to be about 6 times greater than .85

(6 X .85 = 5.1 ODRs per school day, for a school with 600 students)

Now compare school’s Major ODRs per school day per month against national average of 5.1 ODRs per school day per month for middle school with 600 students. Judge whether difference is significant enough to be a problem. Let’s take a look…Newton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June

# p

er

day p

er

100 s

tud

en

ts

Office Discipline Referrals per Day per Month per 100 Students

Application Activity: Absolute ValueIs there a Problem?

Middle School of 625 students?Compare with national average: Middle School

625/100 = 6.25 6.25 X .85 = 5.31

O

ffic

e D

isci

plin

e R

efer

rals

per

Sch

ool D

ayWe are above the national

average every month this year. we had an increasing trend for

the first 7 months and a downward trend the last three

months


0

5

10

15

20

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan

Avg

. OD

Rs

Per

Sch

oo

l Day

School Months

School Avg.

School Avg.

Middle School 550 students (5.5 X .85 = 4.67)

We have an increasing

trend in the rate of problem

behavior for the past 5

months. The past two

months we have had twice

the rate of problem

behavior for schools our

size.

Now, What do you Think?Middle School of 600 students

Compare with national average: Middle School

600/100 = 6 6 X .85 = 5.1

0

5

10

15

20 A

ve R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months


High School of 550 studentsHigh School: Compare with National Average

550 / 100 = 5.5 5.5 X 1.27= 6.98


Our rates of problem behavior are above the national average for a school our size for 8 of past 10 months. Peak

problems in Dec & March

0

5

10

15

20 A

ve R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months


High School of 1500 students

High School: Compare with National Average

1500 / 100 = 15 15 X 1.27= 19.05


Our rate of problem behavior is below the national average for a

school our size, however, we have

peaks of problems in Dec & March

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast Year and This Year


High School 623 Students (6.2 X 1.27 = 7.87)We have an increase in problem behavior the

past two months, paralleling last years

trendLast year we had peaks of problem incidents in

Dec and March.

0

5

10

15

20

Ave R

efe

rrals

per

Day


School Months

Office Referrals per Day per MonthLast Year and This Year


High School 623 Students (6.2 X 1.27 = 7.87)

Our rates of problem behavior are below the national average for a

school our size for 10 of past 10 months.

Activity #1 How many students does your school have?

_____Your school has _____ times more than 100

studentsSo, you might expect your Major ODRs per school

day to be about _____ times greater than .34 /.85 /1.27

____ X .34 or .85 or 1.27 = ____ Major ODRs per school day

Record the absolute values on your TIPS worksheet


Accessing Data through SWISAverage Referrals per Day per

Month

Finding Differences(Identifying Trends of the Problem)

Look for Difference Between…A “desirable” trend - Major ODRs per school

day per month are decreasing, or are flat at an acceptable level, and

An “undesirable” trend – Major ODRs per school day per month are increasing, or are flat at an unacceptable level


Here’s an Elementary School with 200 StudentsIs There a Problem? How About the Trend?

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

School Months

Ave

rag

e R

efer

rals

Per

Day

School Avg. National Avg. = 0.68


2 X .34 = .68

Our rates of problem behavior

are below the national average for a school our size. We have an increasing trend during the past

five months

This Middle School has 600 StudentsIs there a problem?

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

School Months

Ave

rag

e R

efer

rals

Per

Day

School Avg. National Avg. = 5.10


6 X .85 = 5.15

Our rates of problem behavior are above the

national average for schools our size. There

was an increasing trend the first 7

months of school year and a decreasing trend for last three months

Activity #2Use the 09-10 or 10-11 SWIS data summary

to determine if you have a problem with majors onlyaverage Major ODRs per school day for all the

months of this school year, AND the average Major ODRs per school day for all the months of the previous school year

Draw the line on your graph to show the rate per 100 students per day

Develop a verbal statement about these data to answer Do you have a problem? Do we have trends?


What About… Minors Only?You can use the data on the next slide to

figure out how your school is doing compared against the national average for…

Minors per school day


SWIS summary 2008-2009 (Minors Only)2,582 schools; 1,283,526 students; 1,018,726 ODRsGrade Range

Number of Schools


National Avg. for Minor ODRs per 100 students, per school day

K-6 1,655 444 .47 = a little less than 1 Minor ODR every 2 school days, or about 47 every 100 days

6-9 436 647 .74 = less than 1 Minor ODR per school day, or about 74 every 100 days

9-12 149 820 1.61 = more than 1 Minor ODR per school day, or about 161 every 100 days

K-

(8-12)

342 416 1.02 = about 1 Minor ODR per school day, or about 102 every 100 days


Activity #3How many students does your school have? _____Your school has _____ times more than 100 studentsSo, you might expect your Minors per school day to be about

_____ times greater than .47 / .74 / 1.61_____ X .47 or .74 or 1.61 = _____ Minors per school dayHow is your school doing compared against national average

for Minors per school day for an elem/MS/HS of your enrollment size?

Use your SWIS data summary to draw in the line for the national average.

Develop a verbal statement about these data to answer Do you have a problem? Do we have trends?

Record a statement about the data on your TIPS worksheetNewton, J.S., Todd, A.W., Algozzine, K, Horner, R.H. & Algozzine, B. (2009). The Team Initiated Problem Solving (TIPS) Training Manual. Educational and Community Supports, University of Oregon unpublished training manual.

team-initiated problem solving (tips)

Documents

tips training manual

problem behavior

rob horner

precise problem statement

ps action plannewton

steve newton

undesirable trend newton

swis data odrs