team 5 micro-hydro power water tower generator · sample module: sunpower spr-305e-wht-d parallel...
TRANSCRIPT
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Micro-Hydro PowerWater Tower Generator
Team 5
Sponsor: Talquin Electric Cooperative
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Members ■ Darius Wright-Tippins : Project Manager■ Komlan Amesse: Lead EE■ Moise Zamor: Lead CE/ WebMaster■ Olivier Perrault: Financial Manager
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Project Overview • Introduction• Problem & Solution• Solar Panel• Large Scale information• Small Scale • Turbine Selection• Battery Selection• Future Work• Challenges
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Problem:
● Talquin current system uses electricity to pump water into their towers. By doing this requires a substantial expenses to deliver water to its members
● Large amount of Untapped energy in tower
By: Darius Wright-Tippins
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Solution:
● The aim of this Project is to design a Hybrid Hydro-Solar water tower energy storage system
● Offset the Department Bill● Harness the potential/Kinetic Energy for a later usage
By: Darius Wright-Tippins
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Page 6By Darius Wright-Tippins
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By Komlan AmesseFlow Chart Diagram of the Process
START
Turbine Batteries Bank
Excessive Power
Supply LoadGrid
Solar Status
By Darius Wright-Tippins
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PV Modules
❑Monocrystalline❑Polycrystalline❑Thin Film
By Komlan Amesse
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Types Advantages Disadvantages
Monocrystalline Highest efficiency 22.5%Space-efficiencyLong lifespan (25 years)More efficient (weather)
Very expensive
Polycrystalline Less costLower heat tolerance
Low efficiency 16%Low space-efficiency
Thin Film FlexibleHigh temp and shade have less impact
Low space-efficiencyDegrade faster
Pros Vs Cons
By Komlan Amesse
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Solar Power System
By Komlan Amesse
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Array Parameters
Sample Module: SunPower SPR-305E-WHT-DParallel String: 32Serie-Connected modules per string: 8Max Power (w): 305.23Open Circuit voltage: 64.2VVoltage at maximum power point Vmp: 54.7Short-circuit current Isc (A); 5.96ACurrent at Maximum power point Imp (A): 5.58ASpecific Temp deg.C : [45 25]
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❏ PV Array -Multiple module❏ Array Disconnect Switch ❏ Power Conditioning Unit (PCU) ❏ Grid side protection devices
Components
By Komlan Amesse
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Bradfordville Water Tower level ● Data of water level within tower for a 24 hour period● Starts at 1:19 PM● Level is in feet above base of water tower● Water Pump turns on around 152 Feet ● Pump turns off around 155 Feet
By: Darius Wright-Tippins
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Bradfordville Tower Demand KwhMonth kWh (Total per Month) Monthly Peak Load
(Pump) kW
November (2015) 11040 37
December(2015) 8448 37
Jan 8736 73
Feb 7104 37
March 8736 37
April 11808 38
May 18144 38
June 16128 50
July 14976 38
August 10944 74
Sept 11616 38
Oct 12384 58
AVG kWh 11672 46.25
By: Darius Wright-Tippins
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Bradfordville Tower: Demand in KWh
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Bradfordville Monthly CostMonth $ Monthly Cost
November (2015) 839.04
December(2015) 642.048
Jan 663.936
Feb 539.904
March 663.936
April 897.408
May 1378.944
June 1225.728
July 1135.744
August 831.744
Sept 882.816
October 941.184
AVG 887.072
Cost($/Month) = E(kWh/Month) × Cost(cent/kWh) / 100(cent/$)
By: Darius Wright-Tippins
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Bradfordville: Monthly Cost
By Komlan Amesse
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Level (ft) Vs Times (hours)
By Komlan Amesse
For 24 hours Duration
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EQUATIONSBy Komlan Amesse
By Komlan Amesse
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Calculations: Estimations
By Komlan Amessesaving= (7.6*5)/100=$0.424Hr = 2.5kW
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Small Scale Components
❑ 2 of 5 gallons for reservoir❑ Turbine generator ❑ LED❑ Battery ❑ PVC Pipe❑ Pressure gauge
By Komlan Amesse
❑ Charger controller❑ MCU/ PCU❑ 2 units of Directional-Control
valves❑ DC Water Pump❑ 4 units PVC 90 Degree Elbow ❑ 1 units of 1 in. PVC Slip In-Line
Check Valve❑ 3 units water Gauge❑ Air Compressor
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By Komlan Amesse
The Diagram of the Water FlowBy Komlan Amesse
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Page 23By Komlan
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Simulation using SimulinkCross-section Area of water tower
Cross-section Area of the reservoir
Inlet flow rate of the Tower
Outlet flow rate of the Tower
Pump Head
Height of water in the Tower
Height of water in the reservoir
Outlet flow rate of water reservoir
After Reorganize we have:
By Komlan Amesse
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Turbines
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Type of systems
Head of Talquin water tower = 33m
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Ideal Flow Calculations● 5.59 ft of water currently released throughout the day
○ Not adequate enough to see any long term savings● If ideal 25 ft of water released throughout the day● Volume of water in cylinder = h*(d^2/4)*pi = 25ft *
(60^2)/4 * pi = 70,640 ft^3● 70,640 ft^3 → 528,498.7 gal● 528,498.7gal / (12*60) = 98.125 gpm
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Small Scale Turbines
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Renewable Energy: Batteries
“Chemical engines used to push electrons around”
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Lead Acid Battery ➢ First Rechargeable battery
for commercial use.➢ Dependable and inexpensive
on a cost-per-watt base. ➢ Battery is cost-effective for
automobiles, golf cars, forklifts, marine and uninterruptible power supplies.
➢ Deep Cycle and Short Cycle
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Li-ion PO4 Battery
➢ Lithium is the lightest of all metals
➢ Has the greatest electrochemical potential and provides the largest energy density for weight
➢ Can be dangerous as they are highly reactive
➢ Requires a charge controller (which is additional cost)
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Lead Acid vs Li-ion PO4Characteristics Lead acid Li-ion PO4Weight Very heavy 1/3 of lead acid weightEfficiency Inefficiency,
*Reduce the battery capacity
About 100% Charge-Discharge*Same amp hour in-out
Discharge 80% 100%Cycle life 400-500 cycles in lead
acid1-2 years
Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries cycle 5000 times or more 3-5 years
Voltage Voltage drops consistently throughout the discharge cycleLower voltage (2V)
Maintain their voltage throughout the entire discharge cycle = longer-lasting efficiency of electrical componentsHigher Voltage (3.7V)
Cost Low cost **Higher upfront cost Environmental Impact Not environmental
friendlymuch cleaner technology and are safer for the environment.
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Scaling of the BatteryLarge Scale
➢ No Battery bank needed
➢ Huge cost reduction➢ Connect the power
from solar panel and turbine directly to the Grid using Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)
➢ Maintain frequency at 60Hz (Grid Frequency)
Small Small Scale
➢ 48V DC battery to match solar panel
➢ Able to receive large range of frequencies
➢ Ideal 60hz frequency➢ Fast charge and
discharge cycles➢ AC-to-DC converter
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(Solar Power Conditioning Unit)Large Scale
➢ PCU is an integrated system consisting of a solar charger, inverter, Grid charger and control algorithm.
➢ Solar charger- collects the solar energy collected by the (SPV) to power the system.
➢ Inverter- converts the DC to AC where needed➢ Grid charger- powers the system when the solar panels
is inadequate. ➢ Control Algorithm- allot priority and optimally select the
source of charging. (microprocessor)➢ Built based upon demand.
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Future Work➢ Finalize Design and Selection of components
1.Turbine, Pump, Controller➢ Order Parts for Small Scale Model ➢ Test small scale and parts ➢ Create a base for our tower (Machine Shop)
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Challenges ➢ Wetting of Electrical components ➢ Stabilizing of Pressure in tower to rotate blades of
turbine➢ Creating a design easy to assemble➢ Not generating a significant amount of electricity
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QUESTIONS?
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Quantities Results
Height of water tower 130 ft
Height of water level in tank 25 ft
Area of water tank 2827.4 ftsq
Storing capacity of water tower 250,000 Gallons
Capacity of single water tower
Volume of tank 84823 cubic ft
Inlet Flow rate of water into the tank 900 gallons/min
Flow rate of water used for generating energy
Power required for pump 75 KW
Require Time (hours) 12 hours
Pressure in the tank 60 psi