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FOREST DEPARTMENT 'Teak-based Multistoried Agroforestry System
An Integrated Approach towards
Sustainable Development of Forests".
ITIO Project PD 3/98 Rev. 1 (F)
REPORT
OF
FIELD LEVEL WORKSHOP
29 July 2003
Phyu Township, Bago Divsion
Myanmar
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report of the Field-Level Workshop and Recommendations
List of Annexes
1.
2.
L,ist of Participants
Papers Presented to the Field-Level Workshop
1
3
6
REPORT OF FIELD-LEVEL WORKSHOP
29 JULY, 2003, Phyu Township, Sago Division, Myanmar
A field-level Workshop was held at the Office of Township Forest Officer, Forest Departmeot,
Phyu Township, Sago Division, from 09:00 am to 04:00 pm on 29 July 2003. The workshop
was organised by ITTO Project PD 3/98 Rev. 1 (F) in collaboration with the Forest
Department, Ministry of Forestry, the Union of Myanmar.
Director, U Ye Tint, Forest Department, Sago Division, attended the workshop.
The participants from different institutions attended the workshop. The number of
participants and their respective institutions are as follows.
i. Staff Officers, Forest Department, Taungoo District 4
ii. Township Manager, Myanma Agriculture Services, Phyu Tsp. 1
iii. Township Manager, Myanma Sugarcane Industry 1
iv. Forest Range Officers, Forest Department, Phyu Tsp. 4
v. Representatives form nine Community Forestry Users' Groups 9
vi. Representative and executive member of FPWIGG 1 ----
Total 20 persons
The following departmental personnel and villagers attended the workshop as observers.
Forest Range Officers, Forest Department, Toungoo District 5
ii Deputy Forest Rangers, Forest Department, Phyu Tsp. 4
iii Ya workers from two Community Forestry Users' Groups 2 ---Total 11 persons
Also present at the workshop were Chairman, Secretary, and two members of Township
Peace and Development Council, Phyu Township. List of participants is given in Annex 1.
Three papers were submitted to the workshop and approved by the chairperson of the
workshop. Papers presented at the workshop appear as Annex 2.
The recommendations of the workshop were as follows.
(1) To enhance the application of agroforestry practices in degraded forests in the Sago
Yomas region;
(2) To enhance the application of community forestry practices in degraded forests in
the Sago Yomas forests;
(3) To protect and manage the plantations established with the support of the project in
accordance with the 1995 Community Forestry Instructions since the plantations
2
have been already transferred and community forestry certificates issued to the
community;
(4) Participation of local people is imperative in achieving sustainable development of
the forests since it has proved to be essential not only for the accomplishment of the
project's activities but also for the enhancement of their socioeconomic status;
(5) To further enhance participation of local community to achieve sustainable
development of forests, which is the primary objective of the project;
(6) To continue implementing the activities that lead to better underst~lnding of the
Community Forestry Instructions and procedures among the members of the
community forestry users' groups who are participating in the project;
(7) As the participation of local communities is imperative in achieving the objective of
project, i.e. sustainable development of forests, the activities such as organizing,
educating, provision of incentives should be continued to gain more participation;
(8) Upon completion of the project, the users' groups should take the responsibility for
the maintenance of the plantations and the Forest Department should also continue
to provide assistance as necessary;
(9) As the objective of the project, i.e. sustainable development of forests, is a long-term
objective, it will be necessary to continue implementing the activities for an adequate
period of time;
(10) In post project era, Forest Department, Phyu Township, should continue to monitor,
motivate and encourage implementation of routine activities of the forest plantation
workers' income generating group and systematic use of revolving funds;
(11) To nurture and train the executive members and other members of the FPWIGG to
fully understand their responsibilities and rights;
(12) To encourage the members of the users' groups to stay full time in their respective
plantations and to exercise agroforestry practices to the fullest extent since the
plantations established within the framework of the project have already transferred
to the community in the form of community forest plantations;
(13) The duration of a project should be adequate enough to be able to realize the
objective of the project;
(14) All three papers presented to the field-level workshop have been approved by the
workshop and the papers will be submitted to ITIO in due course.
------- ~--~----
ANNEX 1
3
Field Level Workshop jOintly sponsored by the Forest Department and Ino. Project PD.3/98 Rev. l(F) held on 29 July 2003
at the Township Forest Department Office in Phyu Township
Annex 1 List of Participants
I Sr. Name. I Position Departmerltl Organization ~ ........ __ ._--- ._._._--_ ... _._-------+---_ ... -.-------+--~. _.
I 1.. U Ye Tint Director Forest Department, Sago Division
r-2-. U Tin Maung Aye Assistant Director District Forest Department, I Taungoo District
[~ U-A-~~g Mya Staff Officer Forest Department, Phyu Township
---- --- ---------+-.-.. --------+-----'-------------1 I 4. U San Myint Tun Chairman Forest Plantation Workers'
Income Generating Group, InO
r 5~ I UOak-G·-·a---·--------+-Staff Officer Project, PD.3/98
Forest Department, Yedashe Township I
6. U Sein Myaing
7. U Myint Kyaing
I
8. U Khin Maung Win
19~=_ US~~ Thant Kyi
Staff Officer
Township Officer
Staff Officer
Forest Department, Sago Division
Forest Department, Tantabin Township
Forest Department, Oktwin Township
- -_ .. _._--------+----'-------- _._---Range Officer Forest Department, Phyu
Township
110. U Kyaw Thein Win Forest Department, Phyu I Township f--.--+-------+----+-----------i i 11. U Myint Thein Range Officer Forest Department, Phyu I Township
~I i2·--lu--soe Naing Range Officer Forest Department, Phyu Township
f ..--- ., - -. - ------.. ----------- ---------~---I__----'----
li 13. ; U Han Nyunt Assistant Manager Myanmar Agricultural Enterprise, + Phyu Township
r14. 1 ~ Aung Kyi on -behalf of Township Manager Myanmar Sugarcane Enterprise,
l--ls.t(U Nyunt Hlaing) Phyu Township
1
15. . U Sein Hlaing Representative Zayawaddy- KyoKaing Community Users' Group
116~---r-uM~~-ng-T-h-an-----+-R---epresentative Phyu- Zayawaddy, --~----1 i Community Users' Group i--·-·------· -- -~-------_+--------+------------__I i 17. U Nyunt Win Representative pyaungthe West, Community
Users' Group
18. U Mya 00 Representative pyaungthe Village, Community I I Users' Group rlg,-tu H la Win Rep~~~ent--a-ti-v-e ---+-N--y-a-un-g-p-i n-'-th-a-W-es-t-V-i I-Ia-ge,
i. __ ~ ____________ __L. _________ __L._Co_m_m_u_n_it_y_U_s_e_rs_' _G_ro_u_p ___ --'
4
: ...... --·T --.--.. - ..... -_. -- -_._._.- .- -
I sr~~ame Position Department/ Organization 1--·--- ---.-------.- .-.. ------~------ ----------
I 20. U Khin 00 Representative Kyokaing Village, Community
\-21.U--Mya Thaung
Users' Group --t---~. -.-.
Representative, Sanchaung- pyaungthe Village, FPWIGG Community Users' Group
~--.-~ f--~---
! 22. U Hla Shwe Representative, Pyaungthe Middle Village, FPWIGG Community Users' Group
"-23. U Tin Shwe Representative, Nyaungpintha Village Community
FPWIGG Users' Group .. - ... _---- ... ---.. -------~--- ""'- . ---------------- -------_. ------_.-
24. ' U Tin Tun Representative, Forest Plantation Workers'
I FPWIGG Income Generating Group - .. --~ t--------.
25. U Thaung Myint Member, Pyaungthe, Village, Community Community Users' Users' Group Group
26. I Daw Kyu Kyu Khaing Range Officer Forest Department, Taungoo
I District --------_._-- _.'_-- ... __ . ---_._-
27. Daw Ye Wint Tun Range Officer Forest Department, Taungoo District
-_ ..... _--
i 28. U Maung Maung Khin Chairman Township Peace and
I __
Development Council, Phyu Township
1
29-:- U Mya Thaung Secretary Township Peace and Development Council,
i PhyuTownsh i p , i
- _._-- .- - '-'. ._-
! 30. Thaung Aye, Police Officer, Myanmar Police Force, Phyu I
Township Police Township I Offic
1--31 . ._--
U Maung Maung Staff Officer Immigration and National i Registration Department, Phyu I
Township I I
!3~saw Kyaw Tint Member Sanchaung- pyaungthe Village
133:- U Myat Phon Zaw
Community Users' Group
Range Officer Forest Department, Yedashe i
Township I I f·-- -----.. --' ---.--... --. . -
34. U Kyaw Moe Hein Range Officer Forest Department, Yedashe Township --_ ... -
35. U Htay Range Officer Forest Department, Yedashe Townsh!2.
36. U Myint Lwin Deputy Ranger Forest Department, Phyu TownshiQ
37. U Kyaw Zaw Han Deputy Ranger Forest Department, Phyu
i--·--~- 1---Township
38. U Aye Lwin Deputy Ranger Forest Department Phyu
_._- Townsh!e.. 39. U Han Soe Forester Forest Department Phyu
TownshiQ
ANNEX 2
FOREST DEPARTMENT "Teak-based Multistoried Agroforestry System:
An Integrated Approach towards Sustainable Development of Forests" .
ITTO Project PD 3/98 Rev. 1 (F)
FIELD LEVEL WORKSHOP
(29-7-2003)
Programmes to be Implemented in Order to Develop Agroforestry Practices in the Degraded Forests of
the Bago Y oma Region
U Tin Maung Aye
Assistant Director, Forest Department
District Forest Office, Taungoo District, 8ago
Phyu Township, Taungoo District, Sago Divsion
MYANMAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 5 \
2. OBJECTIVES ................................................. ~ .... ..................................... 5
3. CURRENT STATUS OF THE FORESTS ...................................................... 5
4. FOREST CONSERVATION ........................................................................ 6
4.1 CURRENT ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY FOREST DEPARTMENT ................................ 6
4.2 STATUS OF PEOPLE'S PARTICIPATION ............................................................... 7
4.3 STATUS OF AGROFORESTRY IN THE ITIO PROJECT AREA IN PHYU TOWNSHIP ............ 7
5. PROGRAM FOR HIGHLAND AGRICULTURAL AREA DEVELOPMENT
USING AGROFORESTRY ....................................................... I •••••••••••••••••• ~
6. PROGRAMMES TO BE IMPLEMENTED ..................................................... 8
7. METHODOLOGIES AND THE BENEFITS ................................................... 9
7.1 TAUNGYA METHOD ...................................................................................... 9
7.2 MIXED PLANTATION WITH PERENNIAL CROPS ..................................................... 9
7.3 CULTIVATION OF AGRICULTURE CROPS BETWEEN ROWS OF PERENNIAL TREES ........... 10
7.4 CULTIVATYION OF ANNUAL AND PERENNIAL CROPS ALONG WITH CONSERVATION
OF NATURAL FOREST IN OTHER DEGRADED FOREST AREAS OF THE SAGO YOMAS ....... 10
8. CONCLUSION ...... , ........ , ...................................................................... 11
5
PROGRAMMES TO BE IMPLEMENTED IN ORDER TO DEVELOP
AGROFORESTRY PRACTICES IN THE DEGRADED FORESTS OF
THE BAGO YOMASREGION
1. INTRODUCTION
The Sago Yomas region is the legendary home of the best natural teak stands .
. However, these forests have been degraded due to population pressure, increased demands
for fuelwood and timber, better accessibility into the forests, conversion from forest land use
to agricultural land use because of favourable soil and weather conditions.
Myanmar's population was estimated at 51 million in the year 2001-2002 and 70% of
the population was rural. Increasing population means increased demands for their basic
needs from the forests intensifying forest degradation. This dependency also leads to
environmental deterioration, biodiversity endangerment, and disappearance of important
ecosystems causing poverty to the rural people. As a result, the majority have to live below
the subsistence level.
All these situations clearly show the importance of rural people's participation for
successful sustainable forest management and this paper aims for development of
agroforestry and community practices in the degraded forest areas of the Sago Yomas
through people's participation.
2. OBJECTIVES
1. To enhance the quality of degraded forests of the Sago Yomas through
agroforestry practices;
2. To support the economic development of the nation;
3. To enhance the socio-economic standards of the rural communities;
4. To maintain environmental stability and ecosystem equilibrium.
5. To raise the people's awareness of the benefits of forests by meeting their
basic needs.
6. To implement extensive agroforestry techniques and community forestry
systems by the Forest Department with the participation of local communities.
3. CURRENT STATUS OF THE FORESTS
No one can deny the fact that the Sago Yomas was once the home of dense forests.
Taungoo Forest District, which is an important portion of the Sago Yomas (including Phyu,
6
Oktwin, Taungoo and Yedashe townships), has 1,400,724 acres of both reserves and
unclassed forests. Encroached agriculture area amounts to 6276.25 acres.
National forest cover assessment conducted in 1989 revealed that annual
deforestation rate during the period from 1975-76 to 1989-90 (14 years period) was
543,000 acres (about 220,000 hectares).
Therefore, ways and means are to be sought and implemented to arrest the present
trend of forest degradation and to reinstate our forests to its former glory.
List of Reserve Forests, Protected Public Forests and encroached agriculture in
Taungoo District. -- ---
rial I Township Reserve Forests Protect Public Encroached (acres) Forests (acres) agriculture (acres) If 2 .... _ .. __ .... _. ---
3 4 5 ---_._- ....
1 I Yedashe 341,727.00 155,185.00 1092.00
__ JT~UngOO --1--- --
154,009.00 119,945.00 1493.00 _._--- -
I Oktwin 175,798.00 50,560.00 1332.75
---1 Phyu 249,132.00 1543,368.00 2358.50
--I Total --
920,666.00 480,058.00 6276.25
4. FOREST CONSERVATION
4.1 Current Activities Carried Out by Forest Department
The Forest Department has sustainably managed the natural forests in the country
through the implementation of 13 major forest operations, which includes both silvicultural
and protection measures. According to the 1992 Myanmar Forest Policy, it is stipulated to
establish Forest Reserves up to 30% of national land area, and Protected Areas Systems to
5% in the short term and up to 10 % in the long term. Only when these targets have been
achieved, legal measures to protect the forests can be effectively implemented. Besides
reservation, 80,000 acres of various types of new forest plantations are being annually
established by means of artificial regeneration methods.
Taungoo Forest District has to fulfil a target of 2,000 acres of Special Teak
plantations, 1,000 acres of Industrial Raw supply plantations, 250 acres of fuelwood supply
plantations and 300 acres of watershed protection plantations for 2003-2004 financial year.
Although the State is investing a huge amount of money in establishing forest
plantations in degraded forest areas annually, the Forest Department alone has many
difficulties to protect them. Local authorities' understanding and support, rural community's
----------------------------
7
awareness and participation are essential for the success of the Forest Department's
plantation program.
4.2 Status of People's Participation
Rural community's active participation and willingness to conserve the environment
are important aspects of forest conservation. Incentives such as long-term lease of land,
participatory management must be given to the community people. Actual implementation
of these incentives also is a must. Voluntary participation of people will take place after they
themselves have actually witnessed the results and benefits.
Up to 2003-2004 financial year, 20 acres of community forest using agroforestry
techniques has been established in Yedashe Township and the plan to further expand the
community forests is already drawn up.
Up till the end of 2001, a total of 37,000 acres of community forests had been
established across the country and 17,500 members of user groups took part in the venture.
4.3 Status of Agroforestry in the IITO Project Area in Phyu Township
The Forest Department is establishing teak-based agroforestry plantations jOintly
with ITIO in Compartments 49, 50, 51 and 52 of MyaYarBinKyaw Forest Reserve in Phyu
Township. A total of 125 acres in financial year 2000-2001, 545 acres in 2001-2002 and 125
acres 2002-2003 have been established. For year 2003-2004, a site of 50 acres has been
selected and planting activities started. These plantations have shown good results during
the test pilot projects. Species used are teak and other hardwood tree species intercropped
with pineapple, mango, kapok, cashew nut, rubber including cash crops like paddy, corn,
and peas and beans.
Established plantations have a 30 years long lease period and all timber and cash
crops other than teak· can be harvested by the user groups according to their own
management plans. Teak after 30 years of tending by the groups has to be handed over to
the State.
During the establishment process, the Forest Department has distributed necessary
seeds and seedlings for free of charge, transfer technology and together with ITIO
contributed costs for labour, seeds, fertilizers and also build field camps for the community
people.
8
Just as these achievements can be realized in Phyu Township, awareness and trust
of local people will also be obtained. If community forests are to be established through
agroforestry in other degraded forest areas of the 8ago Yomas in the future, the success will
surely be attained.
5. PROGRAM FOR HIGHLAND AGRICULTURAL AREA DEVELOPMENT USING
AGROFORESTRY
Closed forests, Open forests and Degraded forests of Myanmar altogether cover 123
million acres, out of which closed and open forests amount to 85 million acres. The main
cause of the remaining 38 million acres of degraded forests is shifting cultivation. There are
6,276.25 acres of shifting cultivation in Taungoo forest district.
If not properly dealt with, shifting cultivation can raise many environmental
problems. Traditional practice of shifting cultivation in the forested areas by the local people
resulted in forest degradation, socio-economic degradation and very slow rural development.
Therefore, the State authorities have laid down a program for developing highland
agricultural areas to reduce shifting cultivation areas as well as to alleviate poverty.
This program includes the use of modern technology where appropriate to establish
orchards as well as agroforestry farms.
Therefore, to arrest the downward trend of the 8ago Yomas forests and to
rehabilitate the already degraded forests back to normal prime forest conditions, the quality
of the forests must be improved by the collaborative efforts of the Forest Department and
the local community using extended teak-based agroforestry techniques.
6. PROGRAMMES TO BE IMPLEMENTED
Agroforestry and community forestry practices will be implemented in the degraded
forests areas of Taungoo Forest District in the 8ago Yomas region as follows;
(a) Survey of encroached agricultural areas in the degraded and open forests;
(b) Delineation of zones and priority selection;
(c) Extension activities for implementing with appropriate techniques;
(d) Highlighting the importance of people's participation role for the success of
the programme;
(e) Educating the benefits of agroforestry practices till the local people well
understand them;
9
(f) Planning and implementation of agroforestry and community forestry
programmes; and
(g) Monitoring, evaluation, feedback and planning for future programmes and
implementing them.
7. METHODOLOGIES AND THE BENEFITS
Different methodologies and their pros and cons are evaluated as follows;
7.1 Taungya Method
Taungya method is where modern agroforestry is originated in Myanmar. The forest
world recognises this Myanmar word as a forestry term.
The State grants the landless and jobless people the right to establish forest
plantation by their labour, allowing them to grow cash crops between the forest seedlings at
the young stage and get all the economic benefits from taungya. The farmers have to look
after the tree seedlings along with their cash crops such as weeding, soil working etc. Cash
crops can be grown only up to 2-3 years of age after which the tree crowns obstruct the
sunlight. Cultivation of crops is stopped.
The system has the following benefits, among others:
(a) Landless people get the chance to practice agriculture in the forest land legally;
(b) Creation of job opportunities also for the jobless people;
(c) The people collect money also from operations like site preparation, planting,
weeding etc; and
(d) Forest plantations can be established at low costs.
7.2 Mixed Planting of Perennial Crops
This practice interplants long-term crops like oil palm, rubber, coconut, cocoa, coffee,
tea, cashew nut, mango, peach, citrus, lime, orange, plum, apples and pepper together with
forest crops in plantations.
Benefits are as follows:
(a) Long term crops ensure long term monetary incomes;
(b) Survival rate in the young state is higher than smaller plants;
(c) Besides crops timber and fuelwood can be obtained; and
(d) Multi-culture crops lessens the risk of disease and pests.
10
7.3 Cultivation of Agriculture Crops Between Rows of Perennial Trees
This is an agroforestry method developed after 1980s for areas with high and
medium tropical rainfall. Nitrogen fixing species like legumes and other scrub trees are
planted along the contour and cash crops (short or long term) are grown between the
contour rows. Contour bund vegetation has to be pruned and trimmed before and after
cultivation. These cuttings enrich the soil and the crops yields are increased. These contour
bund species have very small leaflets and degenerate very fast. Sunlight is also efficiently
supplied to the cash crops by frequent pruning of vegetative bunds. When under fallow
period these scrubs are not trimmed, protecting the soil cover.
Species used are Bawzawgaing (Leucaena /eucocepha/a), Kon-kathit (Erythrina spp.),
Nyan (Sesbania spp.), Mezali (Cassia siamea) , all of which are good nitrogen fixers with
small leaflets which degenerate easily, fast growing with very good coppicing powers. Cash
crops used are usually corn and upland rice.
This practice has the following benefits:
(a) Sustainable supply of humus fertiliser and nitrogen to the soil;
(b) Animal fodder from vegetative bund species;
(c) No shadow over the cash crop;
(d) Soil erosion is prevented along the slopes;
(e) Vegetative contour bunds slow down the surface water flow and more soil
moisture is trapped for the cash crops; and
(f) During the fallow periods the vegetative bund developed good crown covers
protecting the soil from the sun, dry winds and highly erosive rainwater.
7.4 Cultivation of Annual and Perennial Crops Along with Conservation of
Natural Forest in other Degraded Forest Areas of the Sago Yomas
Natural regeneration methods are used to protect the not so degraded areas among
the degraded forests and the rest is cleared for short term and perennial cash crops. All
these areas are treated as community forest and under community forestry rules. The
protected forest areas become good forests again while the community earns their living in
the cleared areas.
Benefits are stated below:
(a) Present quality of the forest is enhanced by the protection of not so degraded
forest areas by natural regeneration methods;
11
(b) Forest ecosystem is not damaged totally as in other clear felled plantation
techniques; and
(c) Mosaic of agricultural area and natural forest area well protected from wind
damages.
8. CONCLUSIONS
The Forest Department hand in hand with the local communities has to expand
agroforestry technique~. in the remaining degraded forests of the Sago Yomas, which was
once covered with natural teak forests.
For the sustained protection of the successful agroforestry plantations, efforts are to
be made to entice the active and voluntary participation of the local people.
A right path must be paved for mutual understanding, participatory management,
sharing of responsibilities, involvement in decision-making process etc. between the Forest
Department and the rural communities.
Only after these conditions are fulfilled through the implementation of agroforestry
fechniques, the sustainable development of the project area can be fully ensured along with
the increased social and economic standards of the both present and future generations of
local community.
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FOREST DEPARTMENT "Teak-based Multistoried Agroforestry System:
An Integrated Approach towards
Sustainable Development of Forests".
ITTO Project PD 3/98 Rev. 1 (F)
FIELD LEVEL WORKSHOP
(29-7-2003)
Suggestion as to Development of Project
l\ctivities from the Perspective of Sustainable
U Aung Mya
Staff Officer, Forest Department
Phyu Township, Taungoo District, 8ago
Phyu Township, Taungoo District, Bago Divsion
MYANMAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 12
2. OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................ 12
3. PROJECT PROFILE ................................................................................ 12
4. ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE ROJECT .......................................... 13
4.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF TEAK-BASED AGROFORESTRY PLANTATIONS ...........•...•.•......... 13
4.2 AGROFORESTRY ....................................................................................... 16
4.3 TRAINING CONDUCTED ................................... ,.', ....................................... 19
4.4 ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNITY FOREST ....................................................... 19
4.5 FORMATION OF FARMER INCOME GENERATING GROUP (FIGG) .............................. 20
5. CONSTRAINTS ENCOUNTERED IN THE IMPLEMENTING OF THE
PROJECT ............................................................................................... 21
6. DISCUSSIONS ....................................................................................... 22
7. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................ 23
8. CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 25
12
SUGGESTIONS AS TO DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES
FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABILITY
(ITTO Project PO 3/98 Rev.1 (F»
U Aung Mya, Staff Officer, Forest Department
1. INTRODUCTION
The Forest Department (FD) in collaboration with the International Tropical Timber
Organization (ITTO) has implemented the project, namely "Teak-based Multistoried
Agroforestry System and Integrated Approach Towards Sustainable Development ef Forests:
ITTO Project PD 3/98 Rev.l (F)" in Phyu Township since April 2001. The activities were
concentrated in Compartment Nos. 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53 of the Myayarbinkyaw Reserve. FD
carried out some relevant activities on 125 acres (about 50 ha) as a trial run using its own
resources from April 2000 to March 2001, one year ahead of the project period. After FD and
ITTO had agreed the project period from 1 April 2001 to 31 March 2003, the activities related to
the project were initiated on an area of 670 acres (270 ha). The project period was extended
for additional six months from 1 April 2003 to 30 September 2003. The additional project
activities were carried out on a site of 50 acres (approximately 20 ha).
This paper presents achievements made, constraints encountered and lessons leaned
during the project period from April 2000 to September 2003.
2. OBJECTIVE
The objective of this paper is to discuss the minimum requirements in oraer to maintain
the project activities on a sustainable basis after the project has terminated.
3. PROJECT PROFILE
3.1. Title of the Project :"Teak-based Multistoried Agroforestry System and
Integrated Approach Towards Sustainable
Development of Forests".
13
3.2. Project Site : Compartment Nos. 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53 of
Myayarbinkyaw Reserve in Phyu Township,
Taungoo District, Bago Division.
3.3. Project Period
3.4. Implementing Agency
3.5 Contributing Agency
3.6. Budget
3.7. During the project period:
From 1 April 2001 to 30 September 2003
Forest Department, Ministry of Forestry
International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO)
: Contribution from Myanmar: Kyats 1,809,600
Contribution from ITTO: USD 229,315
Total planted areas 720 acres (290 ha)
2001 - 2002 plantations 545 acres (220 ha)
2002 - 2003 plantations 125 acres (50 ha)
2003 - 2004 plantations 50 acres (20 ha)
4. ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE PROJECT
4.1. Establishment of teak-based multistoried agroforestry plantations
4.1.1. First year (2001 - 2002)
4.1.1.1. Plantation Site
4.1.1.2. Planted area
4.1.1.3. Spacing and
No. of trees per acre
4.1.1.4. Species planted
- Compartment Nos. 49, 50, and 51 of
the Myayarbinkyaw Reserve
- 545 acres (220 ha)
- 8' x 8' (2.5 m x 2.5 m)
- 680 trees per acre
- Teak, as a primary species,
constitutes 50% and the rest is
composed of six tree species,
namely Pyinkado (Xy/ia keri!),
Padauk (Pterocarpus macrocarpus),
rubber, mezali (Cassia siamea),
cashew nut, kapok, and mango.
14
4.1.1.5 Number of trees planted
Species
Teak
Pyinkado
Padauk
Rubber
Mezali
Mango & Cashew Nut
Kapok
. Total
4.1.2. Second year (2002-2003)
4.1.2.1. Plantation Site
4.1.2.2. Planted Area
4.1.2.3. Spacing and
No. of trees per acre
4.1.2.4. Species planted
No. of trees planted
186,000
.32,920
32,920
34,360
32,920
26,440
25,040
370,600
Compartment Nos. 52 and 53 of
the Myayarbinkyaw Reserve
125 acres (50 ha)
8' x 8' (2.5 m x 2.5 m)
680 tree seedlings ~
Teak accounting for 50% is the
primary specie. The remaining
50% is composed of. trees and
crops, namely Pyinkado, Padauk,
rubber, mazali, mangoes
(Seintalone, Machitsu), cashew
nut and kapok planted in
multistoried agroforestry system.
A total of 400 Seintalone mango
seedlings, a variety from
Kyaukse Township, were bought
and planted in a mixture with
cashew nut and Machitsu,
another mango variety. The
composition of kapok is more
15
than 3 times higher than that of
other species.
4.1.2.5. Number of tree seedlings planted
Species
Teak
Pyinkado
Padauk
Rubber
Mezali
Cashew nut
Mango (Seintalone)
Mango (Machitsu)
Kapok
Tanyin
Total
4.1.3. Third year (Extension period)
(1 April 2003 to 30 September 2003)
4.1.3.1. Plantation Site
4.1.3.2. Planted Area
4.1.3.3. Spacing and
No. of seedlings per acre -
4.1.3.4. Species planted
No. of Seedlings planted
30,930
4,840
4,840
5,445
12,592
5,073
400
3,000
17,840
100
85,060
Compartment No. 53 of the
Myayabinkyaw Reserve
50 acres (20 ha)
8' x 8' (2.5 m x 2.5 m)
680 seedlings per acre
Accounting for 50%, teak
constitutes a primary species.
The other trees and crops,
namely pyinkado, padauk,
rubber, mazali, mangoes
(Seintalone), cashew nut and
kapok account for the remaining
50% and they were planted in
16
the multistoried agroforestry
system.
4.1.3.5. Number of tree seedlings planted
Species No. of seedlings planted
Teak 16,272
Pyinkado 2,712
Padauk 2,712
Rubber 2,712
Mezali 2,712
Cashew nut 1,356
Mango (Seintalone) 1,356
Kapok 4,208
Tanyin 100
Total 34,040
Out of 4,208 kapok seedlings, 1,712 seedlings were inter-planted with other species.
The remaining 1,496 seedlings were planted in two rows along the perimeter of the planting
site.
4.2. Agroforestry
4.2.1. First year (2001 - 2002)
4.2.1.1. Planted area
4.2.1.2. Agroforestry
4.2.1.3. Agricultural crops
- 545 acres (220 ha)
- 3 acres
- Paddy, pigeon pea
4.2.1.4. Agricultural crops by sown acreage -
Crop
Paddy
Pigeon pea
Area sown
1 acre
2 acres
4.2.1.5 Status of production of agricultural crops
Less participation oJ the farmers at the beginning of project;
Weakness in organizational activities of the project;
Lack of interest of the farmers;
--------------------------
17
Damage caused by wild pigs during the paddy-ripening
season.
Only 2.5 visses of pigeon pea were produced from the
agroforestry plots in the first year.
4.2.2. Second year (2001 - 2002)
4.2.2.1. Planted area 670 acres (270 ha)
4.2.2.2. Agroforestry 139 acres in 2001
55 acres in 2002
Total 194 acres
4.2.2.3. Agricultural crops - sesame, pigeon pea, green, bean,
black gram, Athin pea and niger.
4.2.2.4.
4.2.2.5
Agricultural crops by sown acreage
Crop Area sown (acre)
Sesame 38.5"
Pigeon pea 55
Green gram 18.5
Black gram 66
Athin pea 9
Niger 7
Status of production of crops
Out of 84 farmers organized by the project during the second
year, only 52 farmers participated in agroforestry practices.
It was the first time for the farmers in the project area to grow
the crops using agroforestry practices. Only a few farmers
obtained a moderate amount of crop production. However,
some farmers acquire only seeds for next year cultivation.
18
4.2.3. Third year (Extension period)
(1 April 2003 to 30 September 2003)
4.2.3.1. Plantation area - 720 acres (290 ha)
4.2.3.2. Agroforestry area - 424 acres
4.2.2.3. Agricultural crops sown - paddy, maize, sesame, green gram,
pigeon pea, castor oil plant,
pineapple and other fruit trees.
4.2.3.4. Agricultural crops by acreage sown -
Crop Sown area (acre)
Paddy 39
Maize 14
Sesame 99
Green bean 25
Pigeon pea 77
Castor oil plant 13
Pine apple 6
Medicinal plants 6
Fruit trees 45
Total 424
4.2.3.5 Production of crops
Production of agricultural crops was relatively good this year
owing to the following favorable circumstances:
Timely preparation for planting;
Increased number of farmers (91) participating in the
project;
Almost all the farmers have started using agroforestry
techniques; and
Timely provision of seeds, fertilizer and agricultural
implements from the project to the farmers.
19
4.3. Training conducted
During the project period from 1 April 2001 to 28 July 2003, the following seven
different training were conducted.
1. Community Forestry Development Training ,
Training period 16.9.2001 to 18.9.2001
No. of trainees 30
2. Agroforestry Training
Training period
No. of trainees
9.11.2001 to 11.1.2001
30
3. Soil and Water conservation Training
Training period 27.7.2002 to 28.7. 2002
No. of trainees 39
4. Forest Nursery and Community Forestry Development Training
Training period 1.9.2002 to 2. 9. 2002
No. of trainees 49
5. Training on Support to Socio-economic Situation of Local Communities
through the Implementation of the Project (Japanese National Consultant)
Training period 10. 9. 2002
No. of participants - 36
6. Training on Socio-economic Support from Forests to Local People
(Korean National Consultant)
Training period 28. 1. 2002
No. of participants - 42
7. Training on Marketing and Utilization of Natural Organic Fertilizer
Training period 25. 5. 2003
No. of participants - 57
4.4. Establishment of Community Forest
Community forests established during the project· period of more than three
years was 720 acres (290 ha) in total extent. All the community forests have
-------------~'--~----~-----------------
Sr. No.
1. -~
2.
3.
4.
5. ..
6. ----
7.
8.
9. " ... -
I
20
already been transferred to 9 user groups formed with 91 farmers from the
project area. The official ceremonies of handing over the community forestry
certificates were held at the two separate events: one was held in the Project
Briefing Hall on 16.12.2002 and the other in the office of staff officer, Forest
Department, Phyu township on 29.7.2003. U Tin Maung Aye, Assistant Director,
Forest Department, Taungoo District, attended both ceremonies and delivered
the certificates. List of the community forests established by the project is given
by the name of user groups, representing areas and year-wise plantations as
follows.
r Establishing Community Forests No. of Name of User Group member Plantation of Plantation of Plantation of Total
Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 (acre) (acre) (acre) (acre)
Zayyawaddy Gyokaing 15 - 14 - 14
Pyaungthay village 14 199 31 - 230
Pyaungthay(west) village 5 50 - - 50
Phyu-Zayyawaddy Gyokaing village 20 50 65 - 115
Gyokaing village 6 74 - - 74 ~ .
Nyaungbinthar village 5 37 - - 37 -~--.
Pyaungthay (Middle) village 10 80 15 - 98'
Nyaungbinthar (west) village 7 55 - - 55
Sanchaung Pyaungthay village 9 - - 50 50 --- --_ .. __ ... _- --------_ .. - -- - .. _-- ---~.---- ----_ ..
------.-----~--_. ._-
~----
Total 91 545 125 50 720 c _____________
4.5. Formation of Farmer Income Generation Group (FIGG)
During the first year from 1 April 2001 to 30 March 2002, which was the
preparatory period of the project, due to inadequate extension services and
extensive community forest areas to be established during the initial stage of the
project, the project could not achieve the full participation of local farmers in the
project area. However, due to recruitment of three national consultants at the
beginning of the second year starting from April 2002, and lesser area of
community forests to be established as compared to the first year, the first
income generation group with 23 forest workers "from the four villagers was
successfully formed on 14 July 2002.
The Farmer Income Generation Group (FIGG) accepted a member based on the
following principles.
21
(a) Being a member of a Community Forestry User Group; and
(b) Having an interest to become a member of the Farmer Income Generation
Group and having dutifully paid membership fees of K 200.
As such, the project provided the revolving fund amounting to K 1, 561, 525 to
plantation workers to purchase seeds of rain crops and winter crops between
July 2002 and December 2002. Numbers of user groups reached 8 groups and
84 forest workers became the members of FIGGs. Moreover, during the project
extension period in 2003, a new user group consisting of 9 members was formed
and some 50 acres more of community forests have been established. The
project has formed 9 user groups with 91 members so far, which is a satisfactory
success. Much more revolving funds of K 985,600 were released to all nine user
groups to purchase seeds of rain crops such paddy, maize, sesame, green bean,
pigeon pea, castor oil plant and pineapple. The project will continue delivering
revolving funds to fulfil the primary target of three million kyats to purchase
seeds of pineapple and pepper crops.
5. CONSTRAINTS ENCOUNTERED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROJECT
During the whole project period of two and a half years, various problems and
constraints were encountered in the implementation of the project. They are stated below.
(1) The period of two and half years was relatively short for a project to achi.eve the
objective of sustainable forest management.
(2) Spacing used in establishing project plantations was 2.5 m x 2.5 m (8' x 8') and
seven different tree species were interplanted. At the beginning of the project, the
FD staff had a little experience with respect to multiple cropping systems.
(3) The farmers from nearby villages who participated in the project had little or no
experience as regards agroforestry practices.
(4) Extension services were not fully conducted to organize the local communities
living in nearby villages. A total of 545 acres (220 ha) of project plantations were
established in the first year of the project, which was the heavy workload.
(5) Although the extent of planting area became less in the second year and field staff
became skillful in organizing the people and in carrying the project activities, local
farmers still showed limited interest in project activities.
22
(6) By the time when the activities get the momentum and the progress is achieved in
realizing the objectives of the project, the project is about to terminate on 30
September 2003.
(7) Conflicts took place between the members of community users' groups and local
people living nearby forests who has been collecting fuelwood in the project area
for many years.
(8) The farmers residing in the project area shows less credibility among as they have
never witnessed or enjoyed the benefits from the community forests.
(9) Most of the local people living in and around the project area were casual laborers
and thus they were not interested in cultivation of crops through taungya.
(10) The farmers had some difficulties to sustain their lives before they harvested the
crops they grew with the support from the project.
(11) The Project staff are still lacking an adequate knowledge of the 1995 Community
Forestry Instructions and relevant rules and procedure and the benefits.
(12) Even the project staff have less interest in community forestry development.
6. DISCUSSIONS
(1) The forests have fulfilled the basic needs of the local communities for many years.
However, their interest in sustainable forest management, which is the primary
objective of the project, is rather limited.
(2) Local communities don't fully understand the 1995 Community Forestry
Instructions.
(3) Community forests had not been established in villages and townships located
inside the project area before the project started in 2001. Consequently, there is
lack of trust in community forestry.
(4) It will take at least from four to five years to protect and maintain the plantations
established within the framework of the project in order to ensure successful ones
for sustainable forest management of the forests in the project area.
(5) Weak extension services by project staff at the various levels especially during the
first year of the project, i.e. 2001 - 2002.
23
(6) Limited knowledge of the field staff about the new planting design which consists
of seven species combined of which teak accounted for 50 percent of the total
tr~es planted.
(7) Project staff had limited knowledge about agroforestry planting designs. To make
matters worse, they had too much workload to handle during the first year of the
project since the trees were planted in three different designs.
(8) The quality of the project plantations was enhanced in the second year since the
project staff gained experience and the workload was reduced. Only a single
planting design was used.
(9) As most farmers didn't stay inside the project area, they could not fully care about
the development of the plantations and the crops they grew.
(10) Active and enthusiastic participation of the local people plays a crucial role in the
realization of the sustainable forest management. However, this aspect is very
limited as the organizational works, seminars, educational talks, provision of
lectures, etc. are not paid due consideration in the project activities.
(11) The executive committee members of the FIGG formed by the project were not
familiar with duties and responsibilities, rights and measures to be undertak~n. As
a result, there are weaknesses in the implementation of the activities of the FIGG.
(12) Members of the Farmer Income Generation Group haven't yet fully understood
their duties and responsibilities.
7. RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are made for sustainable development of the forest
plantations established with the support of the project:
(1) Extension services to enhance public awareness of forest conservation should be
continued;
(2) Further activities to get the local people acquainted with the Community Forestry
Instructions and relevant rules, regulations and procedures should be conducted;
(3) Cross-country visits to the sites where community forestry is successfully
implemented should be arranged for the community forestry user group members
24
from the project area to broaden their scope of experience and knowledge with
respective to community forestry development;
(4) Monitoring and supervision should be carried out on a continuous basis to ensure
the systematic use of the revolving funds set up by the project.
(5) The current amount of revolving funds set up by the project is not enough for the
FIGG and its 91 members. The project should provide additional funding.
(6) Measures should be taken to support the farmers so that they can stay full-time in
their respective plantations;
(7) Currently, not all user group members are participating in the project activities.
Therefore, FD should urge the farmers to fully participate in the project.
(8) As the active and enthusiastic participation of the local people is crucial to achieve
the primary objective of sustainable forest management, measures to support the
basic needs of the local communities should be taken;
(9) Although the extent of agroforestry plantations has increased annually, the original
target of project has not been fulfilled. Therefore, FD should exhort the farmers to
work harder for the development of agroforestry practices in the whole project
area.
(10) FD staff of Phyu Township should be trained to fully understand the Community
Forestry Instructions and related procedures and field-level supervision should be
intensified.
(11) FD should urge the executive committee members and members of the Farmers'
Income Generation Groups to learn their duties and responsibilities as the
members of FIGG.
(12) Duration of the project period should be extended up to 4 to 5 years when the
farmers can earn regular income from their plantations such as fuelwood, rubber,
cashew nut, mangoes, kapok, etc. Therefore, the project duration of 4 to 5 years
is suggested.
25
8. CONCLUSION
A total of 720 acres (290 ha) of forest plantations were established in Compartment
Nos. 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53 of the Myayarbinkyaw reserve in Phyu Township within the
framework of the ITTO Project PD 3/98 Rev.l (F) during the project period of two and half
years. The results from the project activities will last only for a certain period of time. To ensure
sustainability, the relevant activities should be continued. Only when the community forestry
plantations established with the support of the project become successful, can conservation of
the remaining areas of Myayarbinkyaw reserve for sustainability be carried out successfully.
Sustainable management of the forests in Myayarbinkyaw reserve will be achieved through the
enhancement of the participation of the local communities in the activities aimed at sustainable
development of the forest plantations established by the project.
FOREST DEPARTMENT "Teak-based Multistoried Agroforestry System:
An Integrated Approach towards
Sustainable Development of Forests".
lTTO Project PD 3/98 Rev. 1 (F)
FIELD LEVEL WORKSHOP
(29-7-2003)
Opportunities from the Project and Assessment of
The Project by the Project's Participation
U San Myint Tun
Chairman of Executive Committee of
Forest Plantation Worker's Income Generation Group
Phyu Township, Taungoo District, Bago Divsion
MYANMAR
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................... 26
2. OBJECTIVES ...................................................... f.: ................................. 26
3. ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED IN STAGES ................................................... 26
4. USE OF REVOLVING FUNDS BY MEMBERS OF FPWIGG ........................ 33
5. PARTICIPATION OF FOREST WORKERS ................................................ 34
6. STATUS OF PERFORMANCE DURING THE LAST THREE MONTHS ......... 34
7. WORK PLAN FOR CULTIVATION OF RAINY SEASON CROPS
(2003-2004) ......................................................................................... 35
8. DISCUSSIONS ....................................................................................... 38
9. RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................ 39
lO.CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 40
APPENDIX ............................................................................................. 41
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j J
j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j
j j j j j j j j
j j j j
j j
j j j
Opportunities from the Project and Assessment
of the Project by the Project's Participants
ITTO Project PO 3/98 Rev. 1 (F)
1. INTRODUCTION
Compartment Nos. 49, 50, 51 and 52 are located in the Myayabinkyaw mountain
ranges, 3 miles to the west of Zeyawady Town, which is part of the forest management area
in Pyu Township, Toungoo District, Bago Division. A project, namely "Teak-based
Multistoried Agroforestry System, an Integrated Approach towards Sustainable Development
of Forests" has been carried out in the above-mentioned compartments since 2000.
Participation of local community proved to be a vital role for the success and
sustainability of the forest plantations established with the support of the above project. In
order to hand over the plantations to the local communities, Forest Plantation Workers'
Income Generating Group (FPWIGG) was systematically formed in July 2002 in accordance
with the Community Forestry Instructions 1/95 promulgated on 1 December 1995. The
primary objective of ITTO Project PD 3/93 Rev. 1 (F) has been implemented within the
framework of the Community Forestry Instructions (CFIs) and under the leadership of the
Forest Department (FD).
2. OBJECTIVES
(a) Sustainable production of forest products;
(b) Conservation of natural environment; and
(c) Socioeconomic development of community forests.
Based on the above-mentioned objectives, group-wise work plans have been drawn
up and implemented by the Income Generating Group in accordance with the guidance of
the Forest Department to fulfil! the basic needs of local people for vegetables, various kinds
of consumer crops, fuelwood, other forest products and cash crops aimed at income
generation.
3. ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED IN STAGES
U Myint Sein, National Project Manager and the former Director of the Bago Forest
Division, FD staff and forestry experts visited the project site monthly and momentum of
27
organizational activities has been increased in order to finish the project activities within the
project timeframe and to establish and conserve successful community forest plantations in
accordance with the CFrs starting from June 2002. As a result, the project was able to form
a total of eight user groups.
Remarks: List of users' groups is given in Appendix (A).
CA) Extension activities
1.--I l __ NO. Date Persons givin~ ___ I_e_c_t_u_r_e_s_a_n_d_g_u_id_a_n_c_e-----l _______ G_u_id_a_n_c __ e_-----'-__
~ __ --'-( 1=-.1..-)--+------,C::::.L2 )_-+--______ ---'C~3) ____ ___t--,________--------"-( 4:..L..f) -----,-_________ j ! 1. June, 2002 Directors - Explanation of CFI guidance and I I -U Myint Sein activities.
2. 23-8-2002
f------I---
3. 24-8-2002
-U Chit Hlaing & Party - Income generating group was formed -U Aung Mya, Township Forest Officer in accordance with the guidance. -Director (Division) - Explanation of duties and -Assistant Director (District) responsibilities to be conducted by -Township Forest Officer & FD Staff income generating group.
-Staff Officer (Township) -Range Officer (Township)
Funds for all group members have been appropriated and guidance for growing winter crops. j Guidance for preparing list of winter crops to be grown and acreage by
f------ 1--____ ~ __ --+ _____________ ,__-------+__--=-cr:..::o.Lp---'s:Lp..::e-=-c:..::le-,,-s':~ _________ ---I 4. 14-9-2002 -Director (Bago Division) - To form 670 acres as a full project
-Staff Officer (Pyu) area and to organize the taungya--Range Officer (Pyu) men for the remaining area of 191
acres. Due to foreigner trip to the project site, the taungya-men are specially requested to work hard. r- ------ --------+--------------------_____ -j-_-'-=:c::.-==:..:::.-:=--=----:-'---=---'-'--'-----'---'--"--'--"'--'---___ ------1
: 5. 11-10-2002 -Director(Bago) - Director appropriately inspected the
I1 -Staff Officer (Pyu) planting block and was very glad to
-Range Officer(Pyu) see taungya-menat the workplace.
1
1, 1- The taungya-men were also guided to work hard in accordance with the
I specifications. IS-. 23-11-2002 -Staff Officer (Pyu) - Establishment of income generating I -Range Officer(Pyu) village and those who want to live in
1
1 this village were collected. - To carry out weeding in 2000 and
I 2001 plantation and in the remaining i blocks on 31st November at least. I - Guided to prepare summary of winter
'I crops of income generating
association. 17-.-~-16---1-2--2-0-0-2----1--A-Ss-is-t-a-nt-D-ire-c-t-o-r-(D-i-st-r-ic-t)------~--=A~c~e-=-re~m~o~n~y~f~o-r-is-s-u-in-g-c-o-m-m-u-ni-ty-----1
-Township Forest Officer (Pyu) forestry certificates to leaders of 8 -Secretary of Township Peace and user groups was held at the project Development Council briefing hall in Myayabinkyaw
-Secretary of Township Union' Solidatory and Development Association
-Township People's Police Force (Zeyawady) L __ --'--_____ '--------'-"~_"'__'____'_'_'__"'_L.L.. _____________ __'______ ______________ ____'
1 8. 26-12-2002
28
-Director-General's Office of Forest-T(l) Paper on Agroforestry System and 'I Department, Yangon Project in collaboration with ITTO by U 11
Chit Hlaing and U Than Aye Participarts of workshop I (2) Paper on Establishment of Agroforestry I Participants form FD = 4 I Plantations and Status of Local People Leaders of user group 9 Participation by U Myint Sein, National I
Total = 13 Project Director (3) Paper on Requirement of Rural People
Participation for Community Forestry Operations by U Sein Thet and U Mhann Ko Ko Gyi, National Experts
(4) Paper on Community Forestry Operations in Vietnam by U Aung Myat and U Aung Thant Zin, Staff Officers
(b) Status of provision of trainings
Since the formation. of the Plantation Workers' Income Generating Group in
June 2002, the following educational training courses were provided to the
forest workers both theoretically and practically as regards cultivation of rain
crops in December 2002.
(1) Practical training course on soil and water conservation
The above-mentioned training course was conducted both
theoretically and practically at the Forest Plantation Briefing Hall for two days
from 29th to 30th July 2002. Altogether 38 trainees attended the course. To
achieve the objectives of the agroforestry project, basic principles of water
and soil conservation and contour cultivation methods were taught during the
training course.
2) Two-day training course on establishment of forest nursery,
construction of nursery shelf and seed sowing (1-9-2002 to
2-9-2002)
The training course on establishment of forest nursery, construction of
nursery shelf seed sowing was conducted both theoretically and practically for
2 days from 1 to 2 September 2002. A total of 49 forest workers attended the
training course. Essentially, the lectures delivered dealt with socioeconomic
developmental affairs in relation to the community forestry, agroforestry
methods, community forestry instructions, site selection of forest nursery,
seed sowing, crossbreeding, culture and management phases. Both lectures
and practical demonstrations were carried out during the training course.
29
(3) Agroforestry training
Agroforestry training course was conducted on the forest land in
Zeyawady in September 2002. About 30 farmers attended the course. U SOt!
Myint, National Consultant, gave lectures on basic principles of agroforestry,
agroforetry systems, current cultivation patterns and practices in Myanmar
and discussed an important role of trees in agroforestry.
(4) Training course on establishment of community forests
A training course On establishment of community forests was
conducted concurrently with agroforestry training course. Basically, the
training course consisted of the explanation of excerpts in the 1/95
community forestry instructions issued by the Forest Department, particularly
the key points of community forestry instructions (CFrs): Definition of
community forestry in the context of CFrs, preparation of work plans in the
management of afforestation process and annual progress reports were
taught.
Besides, the following training courses were given to the farmers in
2001 before forming the forest plantation income generating group.
(1) Training course on establishment of community forests (16-9-
2000 to 18-9-2000)
(2) Agroforestry training course (9-11-2000 to 11-11-2000)
(C) Formulation and implementation of work plans
(1) Area allotment by group
Up to 31 st March 2003, a total of eight community forestry users"
groups were formed and total land area reached 795 acres. The project
period was extended for additional 6 months from March to September 2003.
As one additional users' group was formed in Compartment No. 53 during the
extended period, the total number of groups established and extent of land
area became 9 (nine) and 845 acres respectively.
Sr. No.
1.
2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7.
8. 9.
30
Name of Reserved Forest: MyaYarBinKyaw Reserve Compartment Nos. 49, 50, 51
Group Leader Number of Area allotted to user groups by year Community Farmland (ac)
Group Worker 2000 2001 2002 2003
Zeyawady- U Sein Hlaing 15 125 - 14 -Gyokaing East Pyaungthe U Mya 00 14 - 182 48 -
West Pyaungthe U Nyunt win 5 - 50 - -
Middle pyaungthe U Hla Shwe 10 - 95 - -
Pyu, Zeyawady, U Maung Than 19 - 52 63 -
Gyokaing Nyaungbintha U Tin Shwe 5 - 37 - -
West U Hla Win 7 - 55 - -
Nyaungbintha Gyokaing U Khin 00 6 - 74 - -._------
Sanchaung, U Mya Thaung 10 - i - - 50 pyaungthe - _. - - .
I
Total 91 125 : 545 125 50 ----
(2) Afforestation Schemes
Community groups drew up group-wise afforestation schemes in
August 2002. In the afforestation sector of the scheme, method and
procedures of the establishment of forest plantations were organized into
nine portions.
l. Establishment of forest nursery
2. Site preparation
3. Establishment of plantation
4. Weeding
5. Fire protection
6. Tending and conservation
7. Marking of trees to be felled
8. Harvesting
9. Distribution
The schemes prepared by the users' groups are of long-term nature. The
scheme consists of various stages - from the stage where forest plantation is
established up to the stage where the trees will be harvested and distributed.
The following three portions were included in the conclusion of the scheme
and submitted to the Forest Department.
Production and distribution portion during the first 5 years
Total (ac)
139
230 50 95
115
37 55
74 50
845
31
ProducticJII ami dlS1Jit:;ullon portion for the second 15 years
Production emCi dislribution portion for the third 30 years at the
completion of land use and right
(3) Activities untaken by community group members
(a) U Myint Sein, National Project Director, himself went on field
study once or twice per .month. With the guidance of the
National Project Director and the weekly field works of
Township Forest Officer and Range Officers, the farmers
cultivated 2003/ 2004 winter crops on cultivable flat plains and
gullies according to up the winter crop scheme, at the same
time conducting conservation of forests and trees, weeding
and C!:lear felling. Although field organization was carried out in
time, crops were cultivated a little later than the specific
period. Consequently, the winter crop cultivation was not
successful as expected.
(b) Regarding winter crop cultivation for 2001/ 2002 it was found
that the farmers embarked on a venture and could not
cultivate specified full acreage. However, they gained only
working experience and learnt soil situation. It was found that
75% of farmers experienced complete economic losses. The
winter crops cultivated according to the work plan are given by
user group in the following table.
!
S N
r. o.
r .-._------_ ....... ---~
i
i I I Name of user I I group I I I
32
Winter Crop Scheme for 2002/2003 ------------------_.- .. _-- ------_._--- ---
Cultivated area of winter crop by group (ac) Fertility and tools utilized
---r---T Pearl Bio- Choppin Knife
-------u ------- Fertilit Medicin 9 Hoe (Number cu
------- -------u
----- E -------
'-' u u cu u U cu '-' y e (Number ) cu cu u c cu
cu '-' '-' c '-' QJ cu cu QJ CD '-' '-' C QJ .::£. cu (Bag) (Bottle) )
QJ I 0.. ::l 0.. E c 0.. 0 C I cu I
cu al u I ...,..
'N c c ....., cu .- c cu I.J') ....., I ..c I QJ
15~ cu 0 QJ ....., QJ C
(J) L 0... 0... « 0... :r: r-I (
---~ 1) I (2) ( (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10 (11) (12) (13) . (14)
I
l_
I 3 ) )
- -~~-..
1
2
-
3
Zeyawady- 1 7 7 4.5 - - - - 11 4 4 Gyokai_r:!9.. ___ 5 _._ .. _--
East 8 51J2 11 1 43 .50 - - 151J2 11 21 Pyaunqthe 112
West - - 10 - - 3.0 - - 5 5 10 ~_ ! Pl'aungt~e 0 '=L Middle
- - 14 - - 9.5 - - 10 10 20 Pyaungthe 0
. I Nyaungbintha 5 - 10 - - - 5 - 5 - 10 I -- _ .. ---IWest------- - - 10 7.0 - - - 10 7 7 7 I Nyaungbintha 112 0 ---1-Pyu 5 4 2 - - - - - 3 3 1 I Zeyawady
Gyokaing I Gyokaing - - - - - - - - - - -
! ~ rgl!l2. _____ ----!
i Total 3 16 64 12 43 13 5 10 56112 40 73 I 3 112 112 112 I I 112 I
___ .. _ 1. --_._-
According to the above table, the total cultivated area of winter crops is 198 acres.
(4) Recording
Farmers of the income generating group sincerely thanked the
National Project Director, National experts, Assistant Director, Township Staff
Officer, Range Officer and staff including U Aung Thant Zin, Information
Officer from the Director-General's Office of the Forest Department and two
international experts from Japan and Korea of the ITTO Field Study Team
who delivered the lectures.
(5) International Study Tour
The Forest Department promulgated the Community Forestry Instructions (CFrs) in
1995 and community forests have been established within the framework of the Teak-based
10 I I
22
10
19 --
51
:~ I
-
---------
77
--
33
Multistoried Agroforestry System, an Integrated Approach towards Sustainable Development
of Forests" in the Myayabinkyaw Reserve in Pyu Township by the FD with the financial and
technical support from International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO). The community
. groups were allowed to work in the forest plantations established by the project and finally
the plantations will be handed over to the community groups in the form of community
forests. The farmers working in the project are not agriculture specialists and thus they need
to learn international cultivation methods in addition to their traditional cultivation
experiences. Thus, two forest workers from the income generating group and two FD staff
involved in the project activities were sent to Vietnam for a study tour which lasted for 8
days starting from 10 November 2002.
(6) Issuance of community forestry certificates
Community forestry certificates were issued to eight user groups at
the ceremony held at the Myayabinkyaw briefing hall on 16 December 2002.
Present on the occasion were Assistant Director of Toungoo Forest District,
Township Forest Officer, Project Staff, Secretary of Phyu Township Peace and
Development Council, Secretary of Phyu Township Union Solidarity and
Development Association, People Police Force (Phyu Township), chairmen of
Zeyawady, Pyaungthe, Linyawkhin and Kyetpaung-chaung Village Tract Peace
and Development Councils. At the ceremony, Staff Officer of Phyu Township
Forest Department and Project In-charge explained the benefits of land use
right and rules, regulations and procedures to the leaders of user groups and
forest workers.
4. USE OF REVOLVING FUNDS BY MEMBERS OF FPWIGG
Forest workers income generating group was founded on 6 July 2002. The project
earmarked Ks. 3,000,000 as revolving fund for the income generating group. The funding is
given to the income generating group to purchase seeds for cultivation of seasonal crops
and for other requirements. Once the Income Generating Group had been formed, forest
workers became the members of the income generating group. The bank account was
opened for each member at the Peoples' bank at the cost of Ks 200. The present revolving
fund is kept in the hands of the project and is issued to buy necessary seeds with the
recommendation of income generating group and the project. This method is not to loose
and waste the appropriated funds and is to increase and maintain the funds. Out of
revolving fund Ks 3,000,000 about Ks 1,560,000 has been spent on winter crop cultivation.
34
Since the previous winter crop cultivation was unsuccessful, it was found that no farmland
worker was able'to repay the money. However, up to now more than Ks 900,000 has been
issued to the user groups who will carry out cultivation of winter crops during the rainy
season of 2003. When seasonal crops have been harvested, the money will be recollected
from individual members and put into the bank account.
5. PARTICIPATION OF FOREST WORKERS
Income generating group was formed starting from June 2000. Local people were
organized and the people from the various layers of local community became the members.
The members were active at the beginning and they were divided into 3 classes as follows: -
(a) Members who are honest and really want to work;
(b) Members who are interested in the project and want to work until they get
what they are determined to achieve;
(c) Members who are the opportunists and will work if circumstances are
favorable to them; otherwise they will leave the project.
Forest workers belonging to third class were observed when the winter crops were
cultivated during the 2002/2003 financial year. Especially, farmland workers who are the
group members are to be organized systematically and to select generate good agroforestry
workers in the long term.
6. STATUS OF PERFORMANCE DURING THE LAST THREE MONTHS
Matters relating to the collection of revolving funds provided to the members of
FPWIGG, drawing up cultivation scheme and preparation for rainy season crop cultivation for
2003-2004 and conditions in connection with the establishment of the income generating
village were discussed and coordinated in advance at the meeting of the Income Generating
Group held on 1 January 2003. The National Project Director visited the plantation briefing
hall on 19th February 2003 and attended an official meeting together with the members of
Income Generating Group. He advised the users' groups to draw up a cultivation scheme for
rainy season crops and to submit the scheme to the project by 15 March 2003.
In accordance with guidance and advice of the Director and Project Manager and
close supervision of Township Staff Officer, executives of income generating group and
leaders of respective groups carried out the following activities for the rainy season.
35
Land preparation for cultivation
Enumeration and survey of the species to be cultivated and the acreage to be
sown
Cultivation of crops has been done on a continuous basis and the status of 2003-
2004 rainy season is given in the following table.
-----------,-----,-----r------------------------ --------------------,
No. Name of
Community Group co
QJ
~ -0 QJ ......, co > E ::J U
-----u co cu E co If) QJ (j)
Type of crop and acreage to be cultivated
co QJ
Cl..
C o QJ
.Ql Cl..
o '-o
......, ----If) U co co u'----'
"-o If)
-0 C :52..-.. If) U ::J~ .g Cl.
co 2 > U
Cl. Cl. co QJ c
Cl..
co c
-.----- ---.. -- ------------+----+---~-- -.---~----+__----/___--~-----I_----_+__- ----t------I 1 Zeyawady 139 50 5 10 18 10 6 1
6 4 6 5 17
~----~G~yo~k~a~in~g~----+_--~~----_+-----/___--1_----/___--_+----4_---+_----~----
l~_. ___ I_~yO~-ai-n--g-G-r-ou-p-+_-7-4__t_---2-2_+---3_+---+-__ 1_9--+-__ - +_-------+-------+--------+------1 I 3 Pyu-Zeyawady 115 38 ~ Gjfokainq Group
f: ___ ;~~~~gthe Group I -_9_5---1-_~ __ 8 __ +_-1-14_--2-3+_--2-4_+----4_--.-. -+ _____ -+ --. __ .--- ---
I
,56 Nyaungbintha 37 25 - - 20 5 - - I Group .__ i
---1---- --.- .--------
West 55 21 - - 14 - 7 -Nyaungbintha
15 Group
--1---.. ==----------f------,L---- ---+-----/----1_----+-----/------+----+-----+-----7 West pyaungthe 50 25 10
----- ._GiQl:lJl j ---- [-------+----+----_+---_+---+------/___---/___----/___--i i 8 East pyaungthe I 230 135 50 40 10 35
~----- Groufl _______ ---+ ----h- -+--+-----+-----+----+---~__+---__+-----__+------!_9 ____ ;;~~~~~~; Gr~ I 5~ I __ 5_0+ ___ 15-1--_1_5--t-__ 15---+ __ --l-___ ---t-___ 5-\ ____ --t-____ ---j
! ______ J~r~~_~ Tota I fMS.-Lr __ 4_2_4--'--_3_9-----'--_1_1_3-L-_l_l_7-'---_2_S--L._l_3--L. __ 4_S-L-___ 6---..L ___ 6-l
7. WORK PLAN FOR CULTIVATION OF RAINY SEASON CROPS (2003- 2004)
Executive Committee Meeting of the income generating group was held on 1st
January 2003 after completion of year 2002 activities. As the project budget period
terminated on 31 st March 2003 and income generating group had to continue to take
responsibility, rainy season cultivation in terms of a coming work programme was discussed
at the meeting. The meetings were held on 6th and 20th February 2003 respectively in order
to urge the farmers to prepare crops and acreage to be cultivated by each group and list of
farmland workers and to submit them to the chairman of the income generating group.
(a) Supervision and guidance of project department
36
The project manager visited the plantations on the 3rd April 2003 and met with
executive members of the income generating group and group leaders. He told
them that the project period had been extended for additional six months. He
suggested the farmers to avoid carrying out rainy season cultivation very late
and to implement it by drawing up implementation plan and making land
preparation just now. Township Forest Officer also discussed and gave advice to
carry out land preparation no later than 28th April 2003 and to compile list of
forest trees to be patched in the plantation. He said that the Forest Department
would provide required tree species.
(b) Supportive measures taken by the National Project Manager
The Project Manager inspected the plantations and met with· the executive
members and leaders of the Income Generating Group. Instructions, among
others, given to the farmers were as f()llows:
- to grow rainy season crops in agroforestry plantation in the fullest extent of
373 areas as targeted in the plan;
- to increase labour charge up to 4,000 kyats per acre for weeding of clear cut
at the base.
- labour charges was paid for 2 times of weeding as long as the project period
was extended up to 31 September 2003.
- to expel anyone from membership of the income generating group if he was
absent to participate in the community forestry plantations.
- to recruit new members to the income generating group and submit list of
recruiter to the Forest Department.
- to mobilize effectively the income generating group together with added
effort by the staff of Forest Department.
(c) Activities done by the Staff Officer and Staff of the Project
- The Staff Officer and other personnel of the project had been in the field
almost every day giving close supervision to the farmers.
- New nurseries have been constructed since January 2003.
Seedlings for patching were raised in the plantations of 2000 and 2001 in
addition to in the main nursery.
- Raising not less than 75,000 seedlings of various species including teak by
fully assignment of staff, supervisor and nursery workers for a nursery.
37
- Success of growing four different tree species using 2,000 seedlings for each
species at the plantation of the chairman of the income generating group by
the guidance of U Soe Thant Kyi, Range Officer.
- A 24 hours duty of fire inspection system was done by making fire brakes,
constructing fire watching towers and tents, and assigning fire watchers.
- Staff were assigned with special duties to protect plantations and to report
the progress weekly and monthly.
- Staff Officer and range officer inspected weeding operation for growing rain
crops in community forestry plantations.
- Occasional inspection made by range officer who is the plantation in-charge~
together with executive members of the income generating group
- Close supervision of patching in the plantations.
(d) Activities carried out by members of the Income Generating Group
Under the supervision of the project personnel, the executive members with the
collective efforts of the member farmers have been striving for the success of
community forestry plantations.
Now farmer are working in their respective plantations at various stages of
planting activities; growing rainy season crops according to the plan;
preparation for additional land to the target; weeding operation and some are
still attempting to meet the target.
(e) Training
A training on "Making and Utilization of Natural Fertilizer" was conducted at the
project briefing hall on 25-5-2003 under the close supervision of the Staff
Officer. U Soe Thant Kyi, Range Officer and U Maung Maung, Deputy Ranger,
gave lectures and demonstrated practices to the trainees. It was a very useful
training for the farmers because the biomass debris from the plantation can be
transformed into valuable natural fertilizer using the method known as
"Technological Methonth". The lectures covered three methods of making
natural fertilizer:
(1) Dochatkin Method
(2) Simple Method
(3) EM Bokachi Mothod
It is found that simple method is the most suitable for the farmers at present.
Both Doch and EM Bokachi produce better quality natural fertilizer; however,
38
income generating group need some time to be able to apply the practices
extensively.
(f) Future programme
Planting for 2003-2004 rainy season should be conducted by end-July 2003.
Cultivation of crops for 2003-2004 winter season must commence as soon as
possible and for agroforestry practices, the activities such as site preparations,
clearance of the remnant forests, seed collection, and production of natural
fertilizers at low cost should be carried out.
8. Discussions
(1) To restore the Sago Yomas forests and to ensure environmental stability and to
fulfill the basic needs of the local people, it is necessary to establish community
forests in line with 1995 CFIs using agroforestry techniques. To achieve the
above-mentioned objectives, provisions of incentives and setting up revolving
funds for income generating groups were crucial.
(2) In accordance with the work plan drawn up in 2000 and being implemented by
the Forest Department with the object of eliminating shifting cultivation system
in Myanmar, agroforestry system applied in the establishment of community
forestry plantations can be regarded as a source to increase the farmers"
income.
(3) Project Staff themselves should understand the Myanmar Forest Policy and the
CFIs thoroughly and organize local farmers who are not familiar with the policy
and the CFIs. In the past, extensive teak plantations were established in
Myayabinkyaw reserve in the 1980s with the support of the World Sank.
However, those plantations were destroyed within 20 years after established.
This is a good lesson to be learned and to avoid such as situation in future.
Concerted efforts should be exerted to ensure sustainable development of the
forests in the region.
(4) Different kinds of attitude were assessed among the farmers who had been
organized in a limited time frame. Some farmers were really interested in forest
plantation activities. Some joined the project due to their traditional knowledge
and sincerity. However, some were opportunists just to attain land tenure right
and subsidy provided by the project.
(5) Although majority of the farmers are willing to stay and work full-time in their
planted areas, they still have to depend on the project for their livelihoods.
39
(6) Most residents in the project, area are sincere and honest, grass-root level
farmers. Clear-cut procedure pertaining to tenancy of land should be prescribed
so that the farmers cultivate more active and enthusiastic participation in
project activities.
(7) Establishment of the income generating village or permission for settlement by
building permanent tents with the support of the project in the plantation areas
should be reviewed. Moreover, due to frequent illness and injuries occurring to
the project staff and the farmers, a medical practitioner should be assigned and
required medicines provided.
9. Recommendations
(a) Trainings relating to CFIs should be effectively conducted during the project
period for the users' groups and members in order that they can understand the
essence of CFIs and follow the procedures, rules and regulations pertaining to
community forestry activities;
(b) The users' groups have been already provided with the rights and privileges
pertaining to community forestry. Likewise, tenancy of the trees and land for
individual farmers should also be prescribed. FD staff at the various levels should
organize the farmers as part of their duty so that they undertake forest
conservation and income generation activities in a systematic manner.
(c) In theory, community forestry is aimed for communal interest. However, in
practice, individual has it own rights under the current principles of CFI.
Indeed, combination of individual efforts determines the actual success of
community forestry plantations. Therefore, it is suggested that the right for
cultivation should be reclaimed from opportunists and provided to real users.
(d) Permission of land use should not be decided based on the number of
members. Instead, extent of manageable land area by the individuals should be
taken into consideration in granting the permission. Instruments required by
the Users' Group and seedlings should be specified based on the type of
tenancy.
(e) Community forestry plantation is a long term investment for the farmers. Thus,
provisions for intermediate needs of the farmers should be considered.
(f) Necessary supports should be provided to the farmers so as to be able to stay
in or around their plantations and to make earnest efforts for the success of the
project.
... ~' ..
40
(g) If land tenure, tree tenure and crop tenure are legalized for individual rights,
farmers are likely to concert their efforts more than ever before and thereby
these community forestry plantations will serve on buffer zone to the core area
of Bago Yomas.
(h) A clinic should immediately be arranged for health security of field staff and
local farmers.
(i) The farmers who live inside plantation areas permanently should be provided
with special financial support for poultry farming on a manageable scale and
the strong servoirs should be constructed in valleys which have good drainage
and can store water.
10. Conclusion
Myayarbinkyaw Reserve is a native of natural teak forests. Teak forests once
dominated the reserve and its natural environment was stable. Today, due to various
impacts, most parts of the reserve have been degraded. In order to restore the reserve to
its former glory, the Income Generation Group has welcomed and supported the current
project. One of the major causes for the forest degradation is shifting cultivation, which has
been practised about 30 years in the project area. It is believed that the current banana
plantations in the Myayarbinkyaw Reserve will surely become planted forests inter-planted
with income generating crops within a period of 10 years in the future.
Forest Plantation Workers Income Generating Group (FPWIGG)
Myayarbinkyaw Agroforestry Plantation
Phyu Township, Taungoo District
41
Appendix
List of Community Forestry Users' Group
Sr. Name of Community Member Name of Member Area Remarks No. Forestry Users' Group
No. Allotment
(acres) (Planting Year)
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1. Zeyawady Gyokaing 1. U Sein Hlaing 24.50 2000, 2002 Group 2. U Sein Myint Tun 9.50 2000
3. U Tun 7.50 2000 4. U Kyaw Myint 16.00 2000 5. U Mye Moe 7.50 2000 6. U Tin Maung 7.50 2000 7. U Pu 2.00 2002 8. U Tin Myint 7.50 2000 9. U Zaw Un 7.50 2000
10. U Maung Maung 7.50 2000 11. U Har Pathi 7.50 2000 12. U Po Sein 7.50 2000 13. U Soe Lwin 7.50 2000 14. U Thein Htay 6.00 2000 15. U Kyi 3.75 2000
2. pyaungthe Village 1. U Mya 00 Group 2. U Mya Thaung
3. U Nyein Shwe 4. U Nyunt Shwe 5. U Win Maung 6. U Khin Maung Than 7. U Khin Maung Aye 8. U Khin Maung Win 9. o U Thaung Myint
10. U Maung Maung Tun 11. U Ni 12. U Win Sein 13. U Tin Hla 14. U Kyaw Win
3. West pyaungthe 1. U Nyunt Win 10 2001 Group 2. U Nwe 10 2001
3. U Kyaw Aye 10 2001 4. U Shan Lay 10 2001 5. U San Thein 10 2001
4. Middle pyaungthe 1. U Hla Shwe Group 2. U Tin Soe
3. U Khin Maung Than 4. U Mya Thein 5. U Hal Ngwe 6. U Zaw 00 7. U Soe Lwin 8. U Win Naing 9. U Po Toke
10. U Po Sein
42
5. West Nyaungbintha 1. U Hal Win 8 2001 Group 2. U Aye Maung 8 2001
3. U Kyaw Than 8 2001 4. U Tin Hla 8 2001 5. U Kyaw Kyaw 8 2001 6. U Nyi Nyi Lwin 7 2001 7. U Win Naing 8 2001
6. Nyaungbintha Group 1. U Tin Shwe 9 2001 2. U Pe 7 2001 /
I
3. U Hal Ngwe 7 2001 4. U Win Shwe 7 2001 5. U Zaw Min 00 7 2001
7. Pyu-Zeyawady 1. U Maung Than 4 2002 Gyokaing Group 2. U Win Shwe 3 2002
3. U Aunq 00 5 2002 4. U Tin Tun(l) 5 2001 5. U Nyunt Aung 5 2002 6. U Myo Min Hlainq 3 2002 7. U Tin Tun(2) 10 2001 8. U Kyaw Than 9. U Tin Htwe 4 2002
10. U San 00 13 2001,2002 11. U Ko Ko 6 2002 12. U Tin Maung Win 11 2001, 2002 13. U Van Sakaw 12 2001, 2002 14. U Maung Aye 3 2002 15. U Tin Soe 12 2001/2002
I 16. U Than Shwe 6 2002 17. U Myint Tun 4 2002 18. U Pyone Cho 4 2002 19. U Nainq 00 3 2002 20 U Tin Myint 3 2002
21. U Sein Hlaing 1 2001 8. Gyoking Gorup 1. Khin 00
2. U Tin Htwe 3. U Thein Zaw 00 . 4. U Go Pa 5. U Raj Bu Mar 6. U Sat Bi Ku Mar
9. Sanchaung Pyaungthe 1. U rvt\za Thaung Group 2. U Saw Kyaw Tint
3. U Tin Shwe 4. U Han Tin 5. Ma Khin Hla 6. U Khin Maung Win 7. U Khin Maung Than 8. U Po Sein 9. U Hal Ngwe
