TEACHING STRATEGIES AND METHODOLOGIES FOR

TEACHING & LEARNING

Teaching Method The term Teaching method refers to the

general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used for classroom instruction. Your method depends on what are your goals, your individual style and your school’s vision.

Teacher-Centered vs. Student-Centered Learning

Teacher-Centered Student-Centered Teachers are the main

authority figure Students are viewed as

“empty vessels” End goal is testing and

assessment Primary role of

teachers is to pass knowledge to students

Student learning is measured through objectively scored tests and assessments.

Teachers and students play an equally active role in the learning process

Teachers are coaches and facilitator of learning

Student learning is measured through authentic assessments using summative and formative tools

3 Main Teaching StylesDirect Instruction

Inquiry-based learning

Cooperative Learning

Educational Pedagogy: 3 Teaching Styles

Direct Instruction traditional teaching strategy teachers and professors are the sole supplier

of knowledge and information explicit teaching through lectures and teacher-

led demonstrations  effective in teaching basic and fundamental

skills across all content areas.

Inquiry-based learning focuses on student investigation and hands-on

learning teacher’s primary role is that of a facilitator students play an active and participatory role

in their own learning process

Cooperative Learning  emphasizes group work and a strong sense of

community learners are placed in responsibility of their

learning and development focuses on the belief that students learn best

when working with and learning from their peers

Traditional Teaching Strategies Lecturing Discussion Questioning Using audio-visuals

Activity based strategies Cooperative learningSimulationsProblem based learningSelf-learning modules

Computer teaching strategiesComputer-assisted instructionsInternetVirtual reality

Distance learningInteractive televisionClasses via internet

I. TRADITIONAL1 Lecturing

2. Discussion3. Questioning

4. Using Audio-visual

DISCUSSIONS

TYPES OF DISCUSSIONS1. FORMAL DISCUSSIONS Announced topic Reading, watching movie – done in

advance

2. INFORMAL DISCUSSIONS Spontaneous

PURPOSES & ADVANTAGES1. Learns problem solving method

(groups)2. Opportunity to apply principles,

concepts & theories3. Clarifies information & concepts4. Assists to evaluate

beliefs/positions (professional, societal or ethical issues)

> change in attitudes & values

DISADVANTAGES1. Takes a lot of time2. One person/few participants

(monopolies)3. Gathering of uninformed

opinions

DISCUSSION TECHNIQUES1. Make expectations clear. ‘Students know exactly what

they have to do for discussion’ Ex. Chapter to read, watch a video

2. Set ground rules. > Limitations (e.g. time, no. of

speakers, interruptions during speech)

3. Arrange physical space.Circle sitting arrangement

4. Plan a discussion starter.Ask participants to come up with

opening questionsStudy questions – handed out prior to

meeting

5. Facilitate, do not discuss. Refrain from talking. Watch group

progress. Keep everyone engage in discussions.

6. Encourage quiet members to participate.

Make eye contact and smile.Give direct, simple questions: “Mary,

what do you think?”

7. Don’t allow monopolies. Eye contact.Be blunt when needed.. “We’ve been

hearing a lot fro Sarah. Now, let us hear of the rest of you think.”

8. Direct the discussion among group members.

> Leaders facilitate.

9. Keep the discussion on track.

“We seem to have strayed a little fro our topic. Let’s pick up on the last topic that Lot was talking about.”

10. Clarify when confusion reigns.

> Recording may help the group. Let them learn the act of clear self-expression.

11. Tolerate some silence. Silence gives everyone a chance to think.

12. Summarize when appropriate.

II. ACTIVITY BASED TEACHING STRATEGIES

1. Cooperative learning2. Simulations

3. Problem based learning4. Self-learning modules

COOPERATIVE LEARNINGSmall groups of learners can work together toward achieving shared learning goal

Learners are aware that they are responsible not only for their own learning but also for that of the others in the group.

ADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNINGPromotes critical thinkingEnhances social skillHelps address learning needs &

learning stylesMembers learn to function as a team.

DISADVANTAGES OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING> Does not cover all content/ topics in

syllabus

ROLE PLAYINGForm of drama – spontaneous acting

out of roles (interaction)Lasts for 3 to 5 minutes (illustrates

one aspect of human relationship)Expression of non-verbal and verbal

behavior, response patterns and implementation of principles

III. COMPUTER-AIDED INSTRUCTIONS

Computer Aided Instruction1. Drill and Practice Recognition and application of

information

2. Tutorials Useful teaching material at the

rule/concept level Forces teachers from learning some basic

material

3. GamesGame mode can teach and practice

routine

4. SimulationProvides off real world experiencesProvides chances to learn how to

solve clinical problems

5. Multimedia presentations may include creating MS PPT

presentations, Word and EXCEL file.

Resources http://teach.com/what/teachers-teach/teachin

g-methods Teaching Styles and Strategies by