teaching nonfiction reading strategies
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Teaching for Teaching for Understanding in Understanding in
NonfictionNonfiction
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NNon on FFiction…iction…
the Goodthe Good
the Badthe Bad
the Uglythe Ugly
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©Angela Maiers, 2007
The GG o o do o d
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G irls , G irls , TooToo !!!!!!!!
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The B a dB a d
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The U g lyU g ly
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•73% 3F/P levels below fiction
•15% 3 GRADE LEVELS below fiction
•6% Struggled with decoding (Boys=Girls)
Stead, 2007
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We can sooo change We can sooo change that!
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© Maiers, 2008F a i r y T a l e s
R e a l i s t i c t a l e s
T r i c k s t e r t a l e s
P o u r q u o i t a l e s
C u m u l a t i v e t a l e s
E p i c s
L e g e n d s
F a b l e s
M y t h s
T a l l t a l e s
T r a d i t i o n a lF o l k t a l e s
S c i e n c e F i c t i o n
F a n t a s y
F a n t a s y
H i s t o r i c a l F i c t i o n
R e a l i s t i c F i c t i o n
R e a l i s m
F i c t i o n
R e c r e a t i o n
M a t h e m a t i c s
S c i e n c e
A r t s
L a n g u a g e
H e a l t h
S o c i a l S t u d i e s /I s s u e s
I n f o r m a t i o n a l
M e m o i r
A u t o b i o g r a p h y
F i c t i o n a l i z e dB i o g r a p h y
A u t h e n t i cB i o g r a p h y
B i o g r a p h y
N o n - F i c t i o n
L i t e r a t u r e
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Thinking about FictionFiction
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“Life” Story
“Book” Story
(THEME)
Fiction = Stories of Life
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The Orange Orange
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BIG IDEA (Whole text)
Main Idea( Section Level)
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MMain Idea vsvs. BBig Idea
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©Angela Maiers, 2007
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BIG IDEAS BIG IDEAS in Nonfiction
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• Purpose• Intention• Motivation• Bias• Viewpoint• Credibility• Reliability• Craft
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P E N G U I N
F R A N L A N T I N G
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Convention Purpose How it Helps
Caption Information directly relating to a photo or illustration
Tells the reader what to focus on in the picture that is important
Comparison Show size relationship between two or more objects of ideas
Helps the readers take something familiar to show how it relates or compares with something new
Close-Up A smaller more detailed section of the larger photo or illustration
It allows the reader to see inside or a smaller part of a large area so we can understand it in a more detailed way
Table of Contents
Located in the front of the book to share a list of key topics or chapter in which the book addresses in the order in which they appear in the text
It allows me to see the chapters and topics and know exactly what pages they are on so I can get to the information I need in the quickest way.
Glossary
Index
Cutaways
Print Size
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CaptionsLabelsGraphicsImagesFontColorLayoutTOCGlossaryHeadings
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The icy ghost appeared to him from out of the dark as he surveyed from his position atop the graceful lady of steal. “Yet eyes deceive, Captain Smith thought and failed to stop her momentum. Moments later the festive celebration of the two thousand was smashed to bits. Carpathia, 58 miles away, caught the SOS and race to the rescue of the fortunate seven hundred and five, one of whom remarked, years later, when turned her deck away from us as though to hide from our sight the awful spectacle.”
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Steve Moline’s Website
K-8visual.info./
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• Home | What is visual literacy? | Examples of visual texts |Using visual literacy | Assessing visual literacy | Books for children | Books for teachers | Free materials for teachers | Seminars & workshops | About us | Contact us | Copyright|
• Examples of visual texts • View an example of:• Block diagram with cutaways <NEW>• Cutaway diagram with detail • Diagram with color coding• Exploded diagram • Flow charts • Special: What are maps for? • Storyboard• Table• Tree diagram
We usually add a new Visual Literacy Example to this page each month.• Other examples of visual texts on this site:• Bar graph or "bar chart"• Block diagram• Calendar• Cartogram • "Chart" (see table or graph)• Column graph • "Concept map" (see web)
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Visual Text: Cross Section
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Text StructuresText StructuresFollowing the Road to MeaningFollowing the Road to Meaning
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• DescriptionDescription• Compare/ContrastCompare/Contrast• Cause and EffectCause and Effect• Chronology/SequenceChronology/Sequence• ProceduralProcedural• PersuasivePersuasive• Question/AnswerQuestion/Answer• Problem/SolutionProblem/Solution
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The fire was started by sparks from a campfire left by a careless camper. Thousands of acres of important watershed burned before the fire was brought under control. As a result of the fire, trees and the grasslands on the
slopes of the valley were gone. Smoking black stumps were all that remained of
tall pine trees.
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Words for Comparison-4th Grade Holt Mathematics Text
Similarity SamecompareAlikeMatchEqualTogetherSimilarEquivalentSynonymComparativeAnalogyEqualityEvenRegular
DifferenceDifferentContrastNot AlikeMismatchDoes not MatchUnequalSeparateOppositeDissimilarAntonymContrastableInequality UnevenIrregular
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Signal Words Point the Way…
Text Structure & Signal Words
Description/ Hierarchical List
Cause & Effect
Compare/Contrast
Problem/Solution
Question &Answer
Sequence
For instanceFor exampleFurthermore
Such asAlso
To begin withMost important
AlsoIn fact
In additionAnd to
illustrate
SinceBecause
This led toOn account of
Due toAs a result of
For this reasonConsequentially
Then…so…Therefore
thus
In like mannerLikewiseSimilar to
The difference between
As opposed toAfter allHoweverAnd yet
ButNeverthelessOn the other
hand
One reason for the…
A solutionA problem
WhereThe question isOne answer isRecommendations
include
HowWhenWhatNextWhyWho
How manyThe best estimate
It could be thatOne may conclude
UntilBeforeAfter
FinallyLastly
First…last…Now…thenOn (date)At (time)
First, secondMeanwhile
Not long afterinitially
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Text-WisenessText-WisenessTeaching students how torecognize and represent theorganizational patterns commonlyused by authors can significantly influence students’ learning and comprehension. Palinstar, Ogle, Carr, 97
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©Maiers, 2008 Grades 2-4 Grades 4-8
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BIG IDEAS BIG IDEAS in Nonfiction
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NonfictionText Organization
Text Features•Fonts and Effects•Graphics•Text organizers•Illustrations and Photographs
Text Structures•Description•Compare/contrast•Cause & effect•Problem/solution•Question & answer•Sequence
THE WRITERS’ BLUEPRINT
VISION: THE BIG IDEA
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Author’s Purpose:•Why did the author write about this topic?•What did they want to accomplish?•Why do you think that?
Organization/Text Features•After previewing the text, what features did the author emphasize and why?•How is the text organized?•How does these support the author’s goal?
Text Critic Observations•Did the author make their point clearly?•Do you agree/disagree?•Was the author’s opinion about the topic evident?•Did you detect bias in the tone or language used?
Big Idea:
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Content Specific Strategies• Careful reading or skimming• Scanning• Assessing the text through the index• Using heading ,captions, pictures,…• Determining what to read, order of reading• Noting organizational pattern• Deterring what to pay attention to• Determining what to ignore• What information fits with schema, what is
new: how to sort it
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Content Bibliography
I See What You Mean by Steve Moline
Nonfiction in the Primary Years by Nell Duke
Teaching Non-Fiction 2-4 and 4-8 Scholastic Prof. Books
Nonfiction Matters by Stephanie Harvey
Nonfiction in Focus by Kristo and Bamford
Text Forms and Features by Margaret Mooney
Make It Real by Linda Hoyt
Informational Text by Margaret Mooney and Linda Hoyt
Reading and Writing in Multiple Genre by Byers
Picture Story Books to Teach Literary Devices by Susan Hill