teaching at esl academy case studies in the hospitality industry weissinger│ knapp presented by:...
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Case Studies in the Hospitality IndustryWeissinger│ Knapp
Presented by:NameTitleComputer Systems Institute
Chapter 1 LODGINGS:YESERDAY AND TODAY
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I. Ancient HistoryClassic Greek and Roman daysBible References
II. Middle Ages
III. Colonial Period
IV. Nineteenth CenturySpas and ResortsLuxury Hotels
V. The Twentieth CenturyOther Noteworthy InnkeepersTourist CourtsThe Great Depression and World War IIAdvent of Air Travel
VI. The Industry TodayAlternative LodgingsGovernment InfluenceGrowth of IndustryTrends
Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 2
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o Discuss the history of the lodging industry from ancient to modern times.
o Describe the post roads and taverns where George Washington slept in his travels along the eastern coast of the United States.
o Cite the names of several famous people who influenced the hotel industry.
o Discuss how the introduction of railroads, automobiles, and air travel affected the lodging industry.
o Describe governmental influence on the lodging industry in the United States and other countries.
o Understand the future trends of the industry.
Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 3
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o Classic Greek and Roman Days1. In ancient Rome the inns were large mansions2. Owners would not allow guests to stay unless they carried a letter of
eviction (permission to travel from government officials)3. Romans (legionnaires and civil officials) built monuments to their
civilization throughout Europe in their exploration and expeditions4. Taverns were called “tabernas”5. The attached inn was called a “cauponas”6. Caravansaries – Near East accommodations that surrounded large
courtyards
o Bible References1. Most famous inn is in Bethlehem2. Jacob and his brother traveled in Judea and set up areas within inns
where travelers could bring their own supplies (similar to today’s Eastern khans)
And she brought forth her first-born son…Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 4
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o Chauser speaks of the Tabard Inn (London), a fine hostelry of the 1300s, in his Canterbury Tales
o The host of the Tabard Inn accompanied pilgrims on their journeys and listened to their stories
o They ate at table d’hote (menu with prices) and settled their reckoning (hotel bill)
o Hostelers Inn holders 1. Term was first used in 14732. Originated from the old French word ostel3. Meaning gradually shifted from “owner” to “inn servant”
o Hotel industry grew during the Crusades
Hostel (Inn) – Modern usage: accommodations of lesser quality
Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 5
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o Public Coach Service1. Public coach service was put into effect around 16502. The coaches ran between major cities and stopped wherever
passengers wanted3. Coach inns were built along the routes primarily at points where teams
of horses were changed4. The British used the word ordinary to describe such inns
o United States Postal Service1. Established in 17102. Primary routes were between major towns along the Atlantic Coast
(post roads)3. Entrepreneurial farmers converted their farm houses to inns along the
post roads4. Coach passengers slept in the hostel’s long room with their feet toward
the fire
Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 6
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o Influence of Railroads on Hotel industry1. Introduction of railroads had a great influence on the hotel/motel
industry2. Depot hotels began to arise along the railroad tracks in the Western
world during the early 1800s (connected directly to train station)
o Spas and resorts1. Spas – mineral springs or pools believed to be medicinal or
healthful 2. Accessible by rail in the early days in The US and Western Europe3. Resorts such as The French Riviera became the “place to go”4. Niagara Falls; Greenbriar at White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia, the
Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia; and the Cloister at Sea Island, Georgia are legendary resorts that exist today
5. Tomas Cook was considered the first travel agent and arranged his first tour in 1841
o Luxury Hotels1. The opening of the Tremont hotel in the nineteenth century was a
benchmark for the hotel industry2. Cesar Ritz opened a line of hotels in London, Paris, New York, and other
cities Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 7
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o Legendary Name in the Hotel Industry – E.M. Statler 1. Opened his first hotel in
Buffalo, New York, in 19072. Catered to business travelers
o Other Noteworthy Innkeepers1. Conrad Hilton – “King of the
Innkeepers”, opened the Mobley, the first hotel in Texas, in 1919
2. Howard Johnson3. Willard Marriot4. Kemmons Wilson – founder of
Holiday Inn
o Tourist CourtsGroups of cabins for automobiles (early motor homes) where travelers could spend the night
o The Great Depression and World War II
1. Many smaller motels went bankrupt during the Great Depression (early 1930s)
2. Thousands of people travelled through the United States during WWII
3. New hotels were built near all major military bases and industrial areas
o Advent of Air Travel1. Air travel was available to
the masses after the war2. Business travelers became
the most important lodging guests
3. Resorts offered package plans in conjunction with airlines
Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 8
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o Alternative Lodging1. Campgrounds2. Bed and Breakfast (B&B)3. Renovated Harems now serve
as hotels in the Middle East4. “Treetops” – rooms in a huge
tree are available in Africa5. Ryokans – inexpensive lodgings
in Japan6. Boatels – accommodations on a
boat (Queen Mary, Long Beach Cal.)
o Government InfluenceGovernments apply, enforce, and establish…1. Sanitation and safety rules2. Reimbursement rates for
government employee travel
o Growth of the Industry1. 50% of the US economy this
decade is devoted to service oriented business
2. Today there are more than 45,000 hotels, motels, motor lodges, and resorts in the US
3. International business boom, economic prosperity, and a desire for broadening cultural and social knowledge promise great growth in the tourism industry
o Trends1. Mega-mergers are spawning
large hotel companies2. Independently owned property
is disappearing3. Electronic communications are
a necessity4. Extended stay hotels
Chapter 1 Lodgings: Yesterday and Today 9