PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES OF

Introduction:

“in order to win a battle, you have to STRATEGIZED”……..

Strategy means…

The Art and Science of directing and controlling the movement and activities of the army. If the Strategy is GOOD, we can get VICTORY over our enemies.

In TEACHING , strategy means a PROCEDURES and METHODS by which objectives of teaching are realized in the class.

Do we give our students knowledge or help them discover it themselves?

Let us recall the different principles that are related to teaching

1. Learning is an active Process Engaging our learners in learning

activities Giving our students varied activities for “hands-on – minds on learning”.

According to a research…. …the most effective approaches

resulting in 75% and 90 % retention rates respectively are learning by doing and learning by teaching others…

2.The more senses that are involved in learning, the more and the better the learning.

It only means that..

Based on the graph we can say that.,WE LEARN MORE with WHAT WE SEE

than with What we Simply Hear…

*The use of a multi- sensory aids is a plus…

3. A non- threatening atmosphere enhances learning It includes• Physical condition of a classroom• Psychological climate of the learning

area - offshoot of a teachers

personality and his/her relationship with the students

4. Emotion has the power to increase retention and learning

The more emotionally involved our students become in our lesson, the greater the impact

5. Learning is meaningful when it is connected to students everyday life Connecting the lesson to students

everyday lives Making students learning more

meaningful by giving sufficient examples related to students experiences.

Avoiding the so-called “banking system of education”.

6.Good teaching goes beyond recall of information Develop the students HOTS or Higher

Order Thinking Skills by giving emphasis on his creative and critical thinking ability.

Ideally , teaching should reach the levels of

• Application• Analysis• Synthesis• Evaluation

7. Good Teaching considers learners varied learning styles and learners multiple intelligences Teaching strategies should be varied

depending on each student needs. Imposing our learning style may

jeopardize learning.

In order to achieve an effective teaching strategy.

It should be INTEGRATED

WHICH IS WHICH??

Strategies based on

1. ACTIVE LEARNING

-Anything that students do in a classroom other than merely passively listening to a teachers lecture

- research shows that active learning improves students understanding and retention of information and can be very effective in developing higher order cognitive skills ( ex. problem solving and critical thinking)

EXAMPLES OF ACTIVE

LEARNING STRATEGIES

Ice Breakers

Think/Pair/Share

Write/Pair/Share

Student Summaries

Question and Answer Pairs

One Minute Paper/Free Write

Focused Listing

Two Column Method

Scenarios/Case Studies

Reciprocal Questioning

Numbered Heads Together

Roundtable

Corners

Problem-Based Learning

Shared Brainstorming

Jigsaw Teamwork

Rotating Chair Discussions

COLLABORATIVE/ COOPERATIVE

LEARNING

- This are instructional approaches in which students work together in

small groups to accomplish a common learning goal

CRITICAL THINKING- This is a collection of mental

activities that include the ability to intuit, clarify, reflect, connect, infer,

and judge

DISCUSSION STRATEGY

Engaging students in discussion deepens their learning and motivation

by propelling them to develop their own views and hear their own voices. A

good environment for the interaction is the first step in encouraging students to

talk

EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING

This is an approach to education that focuses on “learning by doing” on the

participants subjective experience. Educator s role is to design direct

experiences that include preparatory and reflective exercises

GAMES/ EXPERIMENTS/ SIMULATIONS

This can be used nowadays and could enable students to solve real-

world problems in a safe environment and enjoy themselves

while doing so.

HUMOR IN THE CLASSROOM

Using humor in the classroom can enhance students learning by improving understanding and

retention

LEARNER- CENTERED TEACHING

It means the student is the center of learning. The student assumes the responsibility for learning while the teacher play the role of a facilitator.

LECTURE STRATEGIES

Most common way of strategy wherein students get the information directly from the teacher. It does not hold the students

attention for very long

SOCIAL NETWORKING

TOOLSThis enables a teacher to engage

students in new and different means of communication

TEACHING WITH CASES

It present students with real life problems and enable them to apply what they have

learned in the classroom to real life situations.

WRITING ASSIGNMENTS

It can provide an opportunity for the students to apply critical thinking as well

as help them to learn subject content

STRATEGIES OF TEACHING ACCORDING TO GLORIA SALANDANAN, et. Al.

1. INTEGRATED TEACHING USING THE THREE –LEVEL STRATEGY

VALUES

CONCEPTS

FACTS

2. INTEGRATED TEACHINGLEARNING STYLE – MULTIPLE

INTELLIGENCE- BASED STRATEGY

8 Multiple Intelligence

s

Verbal-linguistic

Logical - Mathematical

Spatial

Bodily-Kinesthetic

Musical Interpersonal

Intrapersonal

Naturalists

Representing Ideas visually,creating mental images (drawing)

Speaking,writing,listening,reading

Listening, Singing,playing instrument

Finding patterns, making calculations, forming –testing hypotheses using scientific method, inductive/deductive reasoning

Activities requiring strength, speed, flexibility, hand eye coordination, balance

Identifying/classifying living things and natural objects

Setting goals, assessing personal abilities/liablities,monitoring one s thinking

Noticing and responding to other feelings and personalities

INTELLIGENCE EXAMPLE OF CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

Verbal LinguisticDiscussions, debates,journal writing,conferences,essays,stories,poems,storytelling,listening activities, reading

     

Logical MathematicalCalculations, experiments,comparisons,number games, using eveidence, formulating/testing hypothesis, deductive

    and inductive reasoning                  

Spatial  Concept maps,graphs, charts, art projects,metamophorical thinking,visualization,videos,slides,visual presentations

                           

Bodily- Kinestheticrole playing,dance, athletic activities,manipulatives,hands on demonstrations,concept miming    

                           

Musical  playing music,singing,rapping,whistling,clapping,analyzing sounds and music        

                           

Interpersonalcommunity involvement projects,discussions,cooperative learning,team games      

   peer tutoring,conferences,social activities, sharing            

Intrapersonalstudent choice,journal writing,self evaluation,personal instruction,independent study,discussing feelings  

    reflecting                    

Naturalistecological field trips, environmental study, caring for plants and animals  

   outdoor work, pattern recognition                

DIFFERENT LEARNING STYLES

(According to Hanson and Silver)

1. THE SENSING-THINKING (ST) or Mastery Learner

prefers to learn by

a. seeing tangible results

b. practicing what he has learned

c. following directions at a time

d. being active rather than passive

e. knowing exactly what is expected of her, how well the task must be done and why

Learns best through

DRILL

DEMONSTRATION

PRACTICE

HANDS ON EXPERIENCE

2. THE INTUITIVE THINKING (NT) or Understanding Learner)

prefers to learn by

a. studying about ideas and how things are related

b. planning and carrying out a project of his own making and interest

c. arguing or debating a point based on logical analysis

d.problem solving that requires collecting, organizing and evaluating data

Learns best through

LECTURES

READING

LOGICAL DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES

3. THE SENSING- FEELING ( SF) Interpersonal Learnerprefers to learn by

a. studying about things that directly affect peoples lives rather than impersonal facts or theories

b.receiving personal attention and encouragement from his teachers

c. being part of a team-collaborating with other students

d. activities that help her learn about herself and how she feels about things

Learns best through

GROUP EXPERIENCE AND PROJECTSLOVING ATTENTION

PERSONAL EXPRESSION AND PERSONAL ENCOUNTERS

ROLE PLAYING

4. THE INTUITIVE FEELING (NF) or Self Expressive Learnerprefers to learn by

a. being creative and using his imagination

b. plannning and organizing her work in her own creative ways

c. working on a number of things at one time

d. searching for alternative solutions to problems beyond those normally considered

e. dicussing real problems and looking for real solutions

Learns best throughCREATIVE AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITIESOPEN ENDED DISCUSSIONS OF PERSONAL AND SOCIAL VALUES

ACTIVITIES THAT ENLIGHTEN AND ENHANCE- MYTHS, HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT, DRAMAS, ETC.

3. BRAIN BASED STRATEGIES 1. Involving Students in Real life or

authentic problem solving -relevance and practical

application of what they have learned from school

2. Using Projects to increase meaning and motivations

3.Simulations and Role Plays as meaning makers

Brain Based- Strategies

4.Classroom Strategies Using Visual Processing

- Using of visual aids for learning retention and understanding

Ex.

Venn Diagram

Graphic Organizers for Classification

Descriptive Pattern Organizer(Fact storming Web)

EventEvent Event Event

Time Sequence Pattern Organizer

Concept Pattern Organizer

Brain based strategies

5. Songs, jingles and raps 6. Mnemonic Strategy – assist

student in recalling important information ( ex. Recalling number of days each month using a rhyme)

7. Writing Strategies- make students write their own problem and to be solve by their classmates or using incomplete statement

Brain based strategies

8. Peer teaching- Make student teach each other ( ex.

Pair, Think, Share)- 9. Active review – instead of the

teacher conducting the review, students are given their turn.

- 10. Hands on activities – Concrete experience that makes long lasting neural connections.

INDIVIDUALIZED TEACHING STRATEGIES 1. Independent Study – students

undertake own investigation of an area of interest.They gain insights on how to learn on their own

2. Interest Learning Centers- it requires allotment of space where students can investigate, read or observe

3. Problem Solving 4. Journal writing 5. Projects

Individualized Teaching Strategy 6. Collection- students collect

materials with instructional or aesthetic value

7. Special reports 8. Discovery 9. Reading 10. Student Research

TEACHING WITH MEDIA STRATEGY 1. Audio – Visual 2. Bulletin Boards 3. Chalkboard 4. Charts 5. Realia 6.Mock up 7. Model 8. Picture 9. Books

DON’T FORGET TO REMEMBER

Positive reinforcements such as rewards and praises, and acknowledgements to further motivate and encourage students participation and enthusiasm towards learning

Proper planning of lesson of lesson and goal setting

Open mindedness and Creativity Patience

Thank you for listening!!!!!!!!!