Contents:

Quick Reference Sheets:• Intro: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page2• Experiment:Oscillating Pendulums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page3• EquipmentList:Oscillating Pendulums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page4• Story,Part1:Secret Frogs of the Himalayas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page5• Story,Ending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page6

Video Transcript:• Intro: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page7• Story,Part1:Secret Frogs of the Himalayas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .page9• Experiment:Oscillating Pendulums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page11• StoryEnding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page13

Teacher’s Guide for:

Oscillating PendulumsNote: All activities in this document should be performed with adult supervision. Likewise, common sense and care are essential to the conduct of any and all activities, whether described in this document or otherwise. Parents or guardians should supervise children. Rock-it Science assumes no responsibility for any injuries or damages arising from any activities.

Note: All activities in this document should be performed with adult supervision. Likewise, common sense and care are essential to the conduct of any and all activities, whether described in this document or otherwise. Parents or guardians should supervise children. Rock-it Science assumes no responsibility for any injuries or damages arising from any activities.

OscillatingPendulumsARock-itScienceLessonFilmedMarch,2013

Title Page of Video

NOTE: This is the transcript of a lesson that was videotaped during an actual Rock-it Science class with real students, not actors. The students’ brainstorming comments are included on the video but are not transcribed here because they’re not part of the lesson presentation.

Rock-it Science2110 Walsh Ave, Unit FSanta Clara, CA 95050www.rockitscience.org

(c) 2015 Rock-it Science Educationally Useful Programs. All Rights Reserved

Rock-it Science Teacher’s Guide Oscillating Pendulums -- Page 2

Intro Quick Recap:

• Yourparentsputyouinsideagiantball,putitatthetopofahillneartheocean,andgiveitapush .

• Youstartrollingdown,andyourdog,Fido,wantstostopyou .• Ifhegetsinfrontofyou,willthatstopyou?• WhatifFidamadeafenceoutoftelephonepoles?Wouldthatstopyou?• Whenaballisrollinglikethat,ithasstoredenergy,inertia .• Wewantittohaveinertia,butnotrollingdownahill .Wewantittohangfromahook .• Sotheballishangingfromahookinthesky,andbirdcomesandpullstheballwayup .• Ifitletsgo,willyoustopwhenyougettothebottom?• Ifyoukeepgoing,willyoustopwhenyougettotheotherside?• Willyougetashighonthatsideasyouwereonthefirstside?• There’sfrictioninthesystem,soyoudon’tgoashighwhenyouswingbackandforth .• Ifyouhadswallowedabigmagnet,wouldthatmakeadifference?• Whatifsomebodyputabigmagnetintheground?• Todaywe’regoingtofindout .

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Experiment Quick Recap: “Oscillating Pendulums”Part One: Demo -- How to build the pendulum

• Instructordemonstrateshowtobuildthependulumbeforestu-dentsdoit .

• StartwithaCD .• Addatowermadeofcraftsticks .• ClipaplasticclothespintothebottomofthestickandglueittotheCD,off-center .

• GluealidfromacanningjarontotheCD .• Adda“minion”hangingfromathread,suspendedfromthetower .

• Glueamagnettotheminion’sfeet .Lettheminionswingalittlebit .

• Tellstudentsabouthowcowboysusedtoshootatsomeone’sfeettomakehim“dance .”

• Tellstudentsthataftertheybuildthispart,we’llgivethemsomeotherpiecestomaketheminiondance .

Part Two: Students build their pendulum

• Passoutsuppliesandhavestudentsbuildtheirpendulum .• Thengivethemeachasecondmagnettoputonthejarlid(DONOTglueiton) .• Letthemseehowtheminionmoveswhenitswingsbackandforth .Theycantrymakingthestringdifferentlengthsandseeifthatmakesadifference .

• Givestudentsathirdmagnet,thenafourth,andseehowmanymagnetsmaketheminiondancebest .

Minion swinging on string.

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Equipment List: “Oscillating Pendulums”Items needed for Instructor:

• Scissorstocutthread

Items needed for Students:

Consumables:

• CD• Craftstick,large,with1/4”hole• Dowel,wooden,1/4”x8”• Canningjarlid(useinsertonly,notrim)• Clothespin,plastic• String,about18”• “Minion”(Ourswasamanufacturingcastoff .Youcanuseasmallplasticbuildingbrick,aplasticgummytoy--anythingthat’ssmallandlight .)

• Magnet,disc,1/2”Other (per student):

• Glueguns&gluesticks

Prep Work:

• Drilla1/4”holethroughthecraftstick,aboutathirdofthewaydown .[NOTE: Since this video was made, we’ve changed the construction. We now use two clothespins, one at the bottom and one at the top, so we don’t need to drill the hole.]

Canning jar lids (use only the insert, not the rim).

Story Recap: “Secret Frogs of the Himalayas”

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Part 1:

• TherewereabunchofhermitfrogslivingintheHimalayas .• They’recalledtheHimalayasbecausealongtimeago,abunchofguysfellasleepinabigpileandtheygotsquishedtogethertoformamountainthirtythousandfeettall .

• Thefrogsareguardingacave,andtheyneverletanyonegoin .• AtthebottomofthecaveisagiantredM&Mthatgivessuperpowerstoanyonewhoholdsitfortenminutes .Bulletswillbounceoffyourchest,you’llhavex-rayvision,andyou’llbeabletofly .

• Thefrogsareguardingitsonobodywillgetthatpower .• Jack&Jillareinterviewingthefrogs,wholiveforathousandyears .Eventhefrogsaren’tal-lowedtotouchtheredM&M,becausetheymightmisusetheirpowers .

• EvilMisterFredbuiltacastlenearbyandtoldhisminionstodigatunnelintothecave .• HegavethemeachabagandtoldthemtoputthebigM&Mintotheirbagwithouttouchingitandbringitback .Hedidn’twanttheminionstogetsuperpowers .

• Theminionshitthegroundwiththebaseballbats,tryingtodigahole,butthenjustwokeupsomeoftheHimalayaguys,whoranscreaming .EvilMisterFredcouldseehisplanwouldn’twork .

• Hegatheredtheminionsintoahugearmy .• Jack&Jillsawthemcoming .TheyorderedmetalhelmetsfortheminionsfromtheAcmeStoreofEverything .Sonowtheminionshadhelmetswithspikesontop .Theylikedthat .

• JackwarnedJillthattheminionswouldruntowardthefrogsandspikethemwiththeirhelmets .

Story Recap (cont.): “Secret Frogs of the Himalayas”

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Ending:

• Theminionsstartedmarchingacrossthefieldtowardthefrogs .• Jack&JillcalledtheAcmeStoreofEverythingandorderedafishingboat .• JackloweredhishookwithM&Msonitforbait .Theminionsallstartedjumping,tryingtoreachthehook .

• JillputabigmagnetonherhookandlowereditrightnexttoJack’sM&Ms .• Whentheminionsjumpedup,theygotstuckonthemagnet .• Thiswasanelectromagnet,andwhenJillturnedoffthepower,theminonsfellandlandedheadfirstwiththeirspikesstickingintotheground .

• ThenJillloweredhermagnet,pickedtheminionsupagain,cruisedtheboatovertothecastle,anddroppedtheminionsontoEvilMisterFred .Theylandedonhimspikeendfirst .

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Transcript: Intro Whatifyou’resleepingatnight,mindingyourownbusiness,andyourparentscomeinandputyouinsideofaroundball,andstickyouinside,andthentheytakeyououtside?Hereyouare,allsquishedupinsideofaroundball .There’syourlegsandyourfeetandyourhands .There,that’syou,allsquishedinthere .Andtheytakeyououtside,andtheyfindanicehilltorollyoudown .There,likethat .Andtheoceanisoutthere,there’sshipsoutontheocean,withsails,there .Andyourparentsarekindofsmall .That’syourdad,that’syourmom .There,likethat .Andyou’vegotalittledognamedFido,withbigears .There,there’sFido .

Andyourparentssay,“Haveaniceride!”andtheydumpyouoffthetopofthehill .Sonowyou’regoing,“Yahhhhh!”--bumpity,bumpity,bump,rollingoverbuildingsandstuffthat’sdownthere .AndFidowantstostopyou .SoFidogoes,“Bark-ity,barkity,barkity,barkity,bark!”He’srunningdownthere,andhegetsinfrontofyouanddecidestotrytostopyou .Ishegoingtobesuccessful?[Students: “No.”]

WhatifFidoranandstartedrippingtelephonepolesoutoftheground,becauseFido’sprettystrong,andFidoputthetelephonepolesinyourway?Youknow,hecouldmakeawalloutoftelephonepoles .There .Fidocouldgluethemtogetherwithbubblegum,becauseFidochewsbubblegum .Wouldawalloftelephonepolesstopyou?[Students: “Maybe.”]

Well,whenaballisrollinglikethat,ithasalotofsomethingthatwecallinertia,storedenergy .Wewantsomethingtohaveinertia,butwedon’twanttorollitdownahill .Wewanttohangitfromahook .There .Sonowyou’restillinthesameball,andyou’rehangingfromahook .Andabirdcomesalongandlandsonit .There’sabird .Andthebirdflapsitswings--flappity,flappity,flappity,flap--andpullsyouwaaaayuphere .Andnowyou’reuphere .

“Ahhhhhh!”Willyoustopwhenyougetdownthere?[Students: No.] Whatwillhappen?[Students give ideas.]Okay,you’llgototheotherside .Willyougetashighonthissideasyouwereoverhere?[Students: No.]No!Yeah,you’regood .Yeah,becausethere’sfrictioninthesystem,soyouswingoverthere,andbackandforthyougo .

You inside the ball at the top of a hill.

Parents and Fido.

Wall of telephone poles.

Ball swings up.

Swinging both ways.

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Whatifyouhadjustswallowedabigmagnet,sonowthere’samagnetinyourstomach?Wouldthatmakeanydifference?[Student: Yes.]Whatwoulditdo?[Students give ideas.]Whatifsomebodyelseputabigmagnetintheground?[Students respond.]Woulditjustgetstuckandstop?WhatifthemagnetinthegroundhadabigNonthetopandyourshadabigNonthebottom?[Students respond.] Well,wewanttofindout .We’regoingtodothattoday .We’regoingtoputyouallinabigball,makeyouswal-lowabigmagnet,putmagnetsintheground,andswingyoubackandforth .Or,we’llthinkofsome-thingelse .Butfirst,weneedacrazystory .

Magnet in your stomach and another under the ground.

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Story: “Secret Frogs of the Himalayas”Onceuponatime,thereweresomehermitfrogs,andtheyworetowelsontheirheads .Becauseifyou’reahermit,you’vegottowearatowelonyourheadsoyoulooksmart .Iwonderwhatcolortoweltheywouldwear .Maybepurpletowels .There .Theyworetowelsontheirheads .Andtherewasabunchofthesehermitfrogsallovertheplace--frogs,frogs--andtheywerelivingonMountEverest .IntheHimalayas .

DoyouknowwhytheycallthemtheHimalayas?It’sbecausealong,longtimeagoabunchofguysfellasleepinabigpile,andtheywereallasleepinthere .Sothey’relayingdownsleeping .Andtheygotsquishedtogethertoformamountainthirtythousandfeettall .That’swhytheycallittheHimalayas .Nowyouknow .

Andthefrogsareguardingsome-thing .Somethingextremelyvalu-able .There’sacavewherethefrogsare,andthefrogsneverletanyonegointhecave .Becauseiftheydid,theymightfollowthepathofthe

cave,downanddownanddown,intothedeepestpart .Andthere,iftheyhappentofindit,theywoulddiscoversome-thingthathassuperpowers .SittingonapedestalisagiantredM&M .IfyouholdthatM&Mfortenminutes,youjustdevel-opedsuperpowersthat’lllastyoufortenhours .You’llbeabletohavebulletsbounceoffyouchest,you’llhavex-rayvision,you’llbeabletoflythroughtheair .AlltheSupermanpowerswillbeyoursifyouholdthatM&Mfortenminutes .Andthehermitfrogsareguardingitsonobodygetsthatpower .

Well,itjustsohappenedthatJackandJillwerethereinterviewingthefrogs .Theretheygo .There’sJackandJillinterviewingthefrogs .Andtheydiscoveredthatthesefrogsliveforathousandyears,andthatno-bodyhasevergonedownintothatcaveexceptforfrogs .AndJackandJillsaid,“ButyouguysevertouchedthebigM&M?”Andthefrogsaid,“No,no,no!We’renotallowed .Wedon’twanttobecomesuper-frogs,becausethenwemightmisuseourpowers .WejustmakesurenobodytouchestheM&M .”

Well,youcanguessthatthereissomeonewhoreally,reallywantstotouchthatM&M .EvilMisterFred .Andhebuiltacastlenearby,andhisplanwastohavetheminionsdigatunnelovertowherethefrogswere,attachhistunneltotheirtunnel,andstealthebigM&M .

Hermit frog.

Jack & Jill interviewing frog.

Giant M&M at bottom of cave.

Himalayas

Sohere’salltheminions,andEvilMisterFredknowsthatminionsloveM&Ms .AndsoitwasnothardforhimtoconvincethemthattheyhadtogoandfindthegiantredM&M .Andhetoldthemwhatevertheydid,whentheyfoundthegiantredM&M,theywerenevertotouchtheM&M .Hedidn’twanttohaveasuper-poweredminiononhishands .SohegavetheminionsabagandtoldthemiftheyfindthegiantredM&M,toputitinthebagwithouttouchingitandbringitback .Soallthemin-ionshadbags .

So,ofcourse,theminionsstartedbang-ingonthegroundtomakeahole .They’rebangingonthegroundwiththeirbaseballbats,tryingtomakeahole .AndtheywokeupsomeofthehimsfromtheHimala-yas,andthehimguysranoutscreaming,“Aaaaaaaahhhh!”--becausetheyjustgot

wokenup--“Aaaaaahhh!”There .AndEvilMisterFredcouldseethiswasnotgoingtowork .It’sreallyhardtodigthroughabunchofguys .

Sotheminionsallgatheredtogetherandtheyformedthishugearmyofminions .AndJackandJillknewthattheywerecomingbecausetheysawthem .AndJacksaid,“Jill,whatarewegoingtodo?Lookatalltheminions .Iftheystormthisplace,we’reintrouble .”AndJillsaid,“Yeah,you’reright .We’reintrouble .Butyouknowwhat?Thosepoorminions .Lookatthemoutthere .Theydon’tlooklikeanarmy .Theydon’thaveuniformson .”AndJacksaid,“Whocares?”

AndJillsaid,“Ithinktheyshouldhavehelmets,atleast .”SoshecalledtheAcmeStoreofEverythingandorderedabouttenthousandhelmets .Andsheranovertothemin-ionsandsaid,“Minions,here,haveahelmet!”Andtheminionssaid,“Oh,thanks!”Andtheygotthesereallynicesteelhelmetswithabigspikeythingonthetop .There,likethat .Andtheminionssaid,“Whoa,thisiscool!”Whoosh,whoosh,whoosh .“Wegothelmets,yeah,yeah,yeah .”AndJacksaid,“Oh,thanks,that’sreallyhelpful .Nowyou’vegotpointy-headedminions .Whatarewegoingtodonow?They’regoingtorunlikethisandspikeourfrogs .”

IfyouwereJackandJill,howwouldyoustopthoseminionsfromspikingyourfrogs?

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Him running from hole.

Minion army facing the frogs.

Evil Mister Fred and minions with bags and hole.

Minion helmet.

Imagination and Brainstorming Time[Students make suggestions](THEREARENOWRONGANSWERS!Whatevertheysay,youshouldreply:“That’sagoodidea,”“Theymightdothat,”etc .Afterbrainstorming,proceedwiththeexperi-ments,thenfinishthestory .)

We’llleavethis“TobeContinued . . .”

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Experiment: “Oscillating Pendulums”Part One: Demonstration

Well,weneedtohavesomethingthatmoves .Sowe’regoingtostartoffwithaCD .Here’saCD .Thatmoves .Andwewantsomethingontopofit,likeatower .Sowecanmakeatoweroutofpopsiclesticks .Pop-siclesticktower .Here’sapopsiclestick,andthere’sapopsiclestick .Wewouldlikethattostaythere .IfIletgo,ofcourse,it’sjustgoingtofalloff .Sowe’llputagobofglueonit .There,putalittleglueonthat .Andwewantthattostayonthestick .

Thenweneedsomethingtoholdthestickup,like,oh,doyouknowwhatthiswoodenthingis?Aclothespin .Youuseittopinyourclothes,right?Whywouldanybodywanttoputapinonyourclothes?Yeah,tohangituponalinefortheclothestodry .

Youcanalsouseittogripastick .It’snowastick-gripper,okay?Sowecouldkindofholdourstickupwithaclothespin,butittipsover,right?WewanttogluetheclothespinontotheCD .Let’sputabunchofglueonourclothespin .There .

Nowwe’vegotathing .Wecanmoveitifwelike .Now,Iknowyou’resayingtoyourself,“Whatthisreallyneedsisalidfromacanningjar .”Everybodylooksatthisandsays,“Yeah,yeah,it’sgottohavealidfromacanningjar .”Isn’tthatfirstthingthatcametoyourmindwhenyousawthis?No?Sothenyougushabunchofglueontothat--gush,gush,gush,gush--andyoustickitonhere .There .

Andthenthenextthingthatyousaytoyourselfis,“Whatitreallyneedsisaminionhangingfromathread .”Sure,right?Here’saspoolofthread,andhere’sajarfullofminions .Theydon’tlooklikemin-ions?They’replasticthingies .Wellsomebodygaveusabunchofplasticthingies,andthey’vegotthisthingthatsticksforwardthatlookskindoflikeminionfeet .Butifdoesn’thaveminioneyesoramus-tache,right?Soweneedtoputsomeeyesandmustacheonit .Sowecolorsomeeyesandamustache,andsomefeet .There .Minion .

We’regoingtoputhotglueonhishead .Iwonderifhe’sgoingtolikethat .Theyhaveveryhardheads .Soweputaglobofgluerightonhishead .Thereyougo,minion,isn’tthatgood?He’sprobablydoingtheooh-aah-ooh-aahdance .Andminionsdon’thavehair,wewe’regoingtogivehimonelonghair .Justonehair,that’sallhegets .Westickitintheglue .There .Thenwe’llrandomlycutoffthethreadandstickoneendofthethreadanywhereonthispopsiclestickthing .There .

Wooden dowel and craft stick.

Clothespin gripping dowel; jar lid on CD

Black thread stuck to minion with glue.

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Now,whyarewegluingaminion’sheadtoastick?Becauseweliketo .There,sonowwe’vegotamin-ion,andwecanmakehimhanguphighifwelike .Wecanmakehimhanghigher .Hecouldbeupthereifwelike .Orwecouldmakehimfurtherdownsohebangsintotheground .

Youknowwhatwe’regoingtodonext?We’regoingtoglueamagnettohisfeet .Soweputsomeglueonhisfeetandstickamagnetonit .There .Nowwe

haveaminionwithamagnet,danglingfromathread,minionhair .Andhe’sjustdanglingthere .

Now,intheoldwesternmovies,whenabadguycameintothesaloonandhesawsomebodyhedidn’tlike,he’dsay,“Hey,Joe!Dance!”Andhe’dtakeouthisgunandhe’dgobang-bang-bang-bang-bang-bangandshootbulletsbytheguy’sfeet .Andtheguy’dgoooh-ooh-aah-ooh-aah,andhe’ddancelikethat .Well,wedon’twanttoshootourminion,butwewanthimtodance .Wecouldswinghim,andhecanswing .Butwewanthimtoactweird .Wewanthimtodance .

Sofirst,you’regoingtomakethispart,andthenwe’llgiveyousomeotherpieces,andyou’regoingtotrytomakeyourminiondance .

Part Two: Build Pendulum

[Instructor passes out supplies to each student.]Sowe’regoingtostartoffwithaCD .Andthenyouneedjarlids .Thenyouneedaminion .Stick .Thenyouneedapopsiclestickwithahole .Thenyouneedaclothespin .Yougetachoiceofaplasticoneorawoodenone .[Students glue the pieces together.]AndI’mgoingtostorethethreadonyourhead .Sowhenyou’rereadyforit,youjustsearcharoundthroughyourhairandyou’llfindthethread .[Instructor passes out thread and one magnet.]

Areyoureadyforsecondmagnets?Theideaistomakeyourminiondancewiththesecondmagnet .[Passes out a second magnet.]Don’tgluethesecondone,justmoveitaround .

Nowwe’regoingtoaddanothermagnettothat[Passes out a third magnet.]Howmanymagnetswillmaketheminiondancethebest?Tryputtingthreeonyourplate .[Passes out a fourth magnet.]Shouldwegoforfourmagnets?Youdecidehowtoputthem,orhowmanyyouneedtomakethemdancethebest .Doesheworkbetterifit’swayuphigh?

Sothat’sallthemagnetsyouget .Besureyouputyournameonit,becauseifsomebodypicksitup,they’renotgoingtoknow .

Magnet on bottom of minion.

Other end of thread glued to craft stick.

Four magnets on the jar lid.

Sonow,EvilMisterFredhashisarmyofminions .Andtheyallhavearmyhelmets,andthey’resoproudofthemselves .They’vegottheirbaseballbats,andtheystartedmarchingacrossthefield .AndthenJillsaid,“Youknowwhat?Ifeellikegoingfishing .”AndJacksaid,“Yeah,metoo!”SotheycalledtheAcmeStoreofEverything,andtheyorderedaflyingfishingboat .

Ifyou’regoingtocatchsomething,you’vegottohavesomebait,right?TheydecidedtouseM&Ms .AndJackloweredhishook .AndwhenheloweredtheM&M,theminionssaid,“IsmellM&Ms!”Andtheyallstartedrunningtowardsit .Andnowthey’refightingoverwhogetstohavetheM&M,jumpingupintheair,tryingtoreachtheM&M .

AndJillsaid,“That’sprettygood,Jack .IthinkI’llusesomethingotherthananM&M .”SoJillputabigmagnetonhers .AndthensheloweredhermagnetrightnexttotheM&M .Andtheminionsarejumpingupanddownandupanddownandsaying,“Hey,it’seasytojumpnow!What’sgoingon?”Andallofasudden--clanggg!!Oneofthemin-ionsstucktothemagnet .Andtheotherssaid,“Cool!”Andtheyallstartedjumpinguptoseeiftheycouldgettheirheadsstucktoit,too .

Sonowyou’vegothundredsofminionsstuckonamagnet .Jacksaid,“Whatareyougoingtodowiththat?”AndJillsaid,“Well,thisisaspecialmagnet .It’scalledanelectromagnet .IfIflipthisswitch,it’llletthemallgo .”AndJacksaid,“Nah,thatcan’tbe .”AndJillsaid,“Watch .”Andshepushedtheswitch,andalltheminionswent,“Aaaaaaaahh!”andtheyfellhead-firstandstuckintotheground .

AndthenJacksaid,“Cool!Pickthemupagain .”SotheboatcamedownandJill

pickedthemallbackupagain .AndJacksaid,“Well,whatarewegoingtodowithabunchofminions?”AndJillsaid,“Why,theonlylogicalthing .We’llgivethembacktoEvilMisterFred .”

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End of Story * DO NOT * present this part of the lesson until after the experiments!

Jack and Jill in the boat.

M&M on hook.

Minions crowd around below the M&M,

and Jill lowers her big magnet.

Minions stuck on magnet.

SotheboatcruisedoverhereanddroppedtheminionsrightonEvilMisterFred .AndtheylandedspearendfirstintoEvilMisterFred .Andhesaid,“Ooh,thathurts!”Andtheyalllivedhappilyeverafter,exceptEvilMisterFred .

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End of Lesson

If y0u have questions about this lesson, please ask them through the online Teacher Support Forum on our web site.

Minions falling on Evil Mister Fred.