teacher edition variation
TRANSCRIPT
PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007
CHAPTER 15: VARIATION
Multiple Choice Questions
For questions 1 to 10 each question is followed by four alternative answer, A,B,C or D. Choose
one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your objective
answer
6.1 Understanding Variation In Organisms
6.2 Understanding The Causes Of Variation
6.3 Be Respectful Towards One Another Despite Variation
1. Which of the following examples are continuous variation?
I Hand span
II Fingerprints
III Tongue rolling
IV Intelligence
A I and II
B I and IV
C II and III
D II , III and IV
2.
From the dialogue above, genetic factors occur during ………………
I Nutrition
II Mutation
III Random fertilisation
IV Crossing over in meosis 1
A I and II
B III and IV
C II , III and IV
D I , II , III and IV
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Teacher : “ What are the causes of variations ? “
Anisah : “ Variations can be caused both by genetic factors and environmental factors “ .
Teacher : “ Yes , very good “ .
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3.
Type Of
Finger printsCurves Right Loops Whorl Left Loops
Number of
students
12 16 4 8
TABLE 15.1
A class of 40 students did an investigation of variation on types of fingerprints among
them. They recorded the information and gathered the result in table 15.1 . What type
of variation is shown?
A Continuous variation
B Discontinuous variation
C Genetic variation
D Environmental variation
4.
Number of
chromosomes
Chromosomes
involved
Sex
47
( 44 + XXY )
An extra X chromosomes Male
DIAGRAM 15.1
Base from diagram 15.1, which of the following diseases is caused by chromosomes
mutation in human ?
A Down’s syndrome
B Turner’s syndrome
C Klinefelter’s syndrome
D Albinism syndrome
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5. Diagram 15.2 shows a change in the chromosome structure caused by chromosomal
mutation .
a
DIAGRAM 15.2
The changes in the chromosome is be due to …………………
A Deletion
B Duplication
C Inversion
D Translocation
6. Two siblings have different abilities to roll their tongue . What is the cause of this trait ?
A Diet
B Genetic factors
C Environmental factors
D Deletion of parts of the chromosomes
7. Which of the following events are the result of chromosomal mutation in human ?
I One less chromosome in the cell
II Deletion of parts of the chromosomes
III An extra sex chromosomes in the cell
IV Genetics recombination due to crossing over
A I and II
B I , II and III
C II , III and IV
D I , II , III and IV
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D
E
H
G
F
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8. Which of the following variation is influenced by environmental factors ?
A Blood group
B Rhesus factor
C Type of earlobe
D Colour of the skin
9. What is meant by mutation ?
A Changes to the chromosomes after fertilisation
B Changes to the chromosomes due to crossing over
C Changes to the chromosomes due to recombination
D Sudden changes to the chromosomes because of mutagens
10. In an investigation carried out to investigate variation , the following characteristics are
obtained :
An example of the variation investigated is ………..
A Intelligence
B Eye colour
C Types of fingerprint
D Blood group
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No distinct differences Has intermediate characteristic Normal distribution graph obtained
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Structured Items
Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.
6.1 Understanding Variation In Organisms
6.2 Understanding The Causes Of Variation
6.3 Be Respectful Towards One Another Despite Variation
1.
TABLE 15.2
Ability to roll tounge Group of people
Able to roll tongue P and R
Unable to roll tongue Q and T
TABLE 15.3
(a) What is the type of variation shown by the table 15.2?
BIOLOGY QUESTIONS BANK
Group of
people
P Q R T
Height range 151-155 cm 156-160 cm 161-165 cm 166-170 cm
Number of
person
6 9 10 5
15-5
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Trait Type of variation
Height Continuous variation
Tongue Rolling Discontinuous variation
[2 marks ]
(b) Base from the investigation, what is meant by continuous variation ? [1 mark]
There is a complete range of measurements for height from 151 cm to 170 cm
(c) (i) Using results from table15.2, draw a histogram of number of people against the
height range (cm).
(ii) Joint the midpoint of each bar to draw a smooth curve .
(iii) Using results from table 15.3, plot the bar graph of number of people against the
ability to roll tongue. [5
marks]
Number of people
10
8
6
4
2
Height range (cm)
151- 156- 161- 166-
155 160 165 170
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Number of people
14
12
10
P + R Q + T Ability of tongue rolling
Able Unable
(d) State the factor that can cause this type of variation for each trait stated.
Traits Factors that cause variation
Height Genetic and environmental factor
Tongue Rolling Genetic factor
[2 marks ]
(e) Explain how the students conducted the investigation to determine the type of variation
in the height of people ?
-The height of each person are measured using the height
measurement ruler.
- The height is grouped into five classes of height range
- The height range is recorded in a frequency table.
- A histogram is drawn to show the normal distribution
[3 marks ]
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2.
DIAGRAM 15.3
Diagram 15.3 shows a group of children with a genetic disease due to mutation .
(a) State the genetic disease based on diagram 15.3 . [1 mark ]
Down’s syndrome
(c) What is the type of that mutation ? [1
mark ]
Chromosomal mutation
(d) How many chromosomes do the children have ? [1
mark ]
47 chromosomes
(e) Mutation are caused by agents called mutagens .
Give two examples of mutagens . [2 marks ]
Radioactives radiation , X-rays , ultraviolet light , gamma rays , chemical
substances , formaldehyde , pesticides .
( f ) How do mutagens caused mutation ? [2 marks]
Chromosomal mutation -changes in the structure of chromosomes or the
number of chromosomes.
Gene mutation -Chemical change in the structure of gene, it may also alter
the DNA or genetic code.
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( g ) Table 15.4 below shows genetic diseases caused by chromosome mutation.
Fill in the blank by using the word given .
Male Klinefelter’s syndrome Female Jacob’s syndrome
Turner’s syndrome Male and Female
Disease
Number of
Chromosomes
Chromosomes
involved Sex
Turner’s
syndrome
( 44 + XO ) Absence of one sex
chromosome Female
Klinefelter’s
syndrome
( 44 + XXY ) An extra X
chromosomes Male
TABLE 15.4 [4 marks ]
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Essay Items.
1.
DIAGRAM 15.4
Type of
finger
prints Curves Right Loops Whorl Left Loops
DIAGRAM 15.5
Diagram 15.4 and 15.5 shows two different variation among human beings.
(a ) Determine the type of variation in Diagram 15.4 and 15.5. Give reasons.
[4 marks]
(b) (i) What are the differences between continuous and discontinuous variation?
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(ii) State the factors that cause variation in humans .
[6 marks]
(c) Base from the statement above , explain the three sources of genetic factors
during sexual reproduction [10 marks]
Answer .
No. Answer Mark
1(a) -Diagram 15.4 is (height ) continuous variation
-Because the differences between individuals are slight
and can be changed .
-Diagram 15.5 is ( type of fingerprints ) Discontinuous
variation
-Because the differences between individuals are obvious
and cannot be changed
1m
1m
1m
1m
(b)(i)
Continuous variation Discontinuous variation
Differences between
individuals are slightly
with intermediates
There is a complete range
of measurements from
one extreme to the other
for a particular
characteristics.
Differences between
individuals are obvious
There is no gradual
change between two
extremes
2m
2m
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There are three sources of genetic factors in sexual reproduction events :
Crossing over during meiosis 1 Independent assortment during meiosis Random fertilisation
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(b)(ii) Genetic factors
environmental factors or both.
1m
1m
(c) Crossing over during meiosis
-During prophase I of meiosis, two homologous chromosomes
are paired up in a bivalent.
-The non-sister chromatids break at the chiasma.
-Segment of the chromatids exchange places .
-The exchange of genetic materials between the chromatids
results in new , different genetic combination of genes from the
parents.
-The new genetic combination result in variation .
Independent assortment during meiosis
-During metaphase I of meiosis , homologous chromosomes
arrange themselves randomly at the equator.
-The random arrangement and separation of each homologous
pair is independent of one another.
-Independent assortment produces various genetic
combinations in the gametes .
Random fertalisation
-Each gametes has a unique set or combination of genes .
-A male gamete can fertilise any of the female gametes, .
-so, the fertalisation between a male gamete and a female
gamete occurs randomly.
-As a result , a zygote is formed with variety of gene
combination.
-With random fertilasation , variations occur in the offspring.
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
( Max:
10 marks )
End Of Questions
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