teacher book bag’s simple science: all about growing and...
TRANSCRIPT
Teacher Book Bag’s
Simple Science:
All about Growing and Changing
Teacher Book Bag, L.L.C., © 2012
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Dear Homeschool Parent, Welcome to Simple Science Unit Study: All about Growing and Changing. We hope the information and activities in this eBook are beneficial to your children. Simple Science Units are geared for kindergarten through second grade although they can be for a broader range of levels depending on how you use the unit. In the unit you will notice that we speak directly to the child. We prefer that personal approach. However, the unit is best completed with your assistance. Where a child may be too young to write a response, we ask that they dictate their thoughts to you. The activities in this unit are created in order to be ongoing. We encourage you and your children to continue to observe how they keep growing and changing. We look forward to your feedback. Feel free to email us at [email protected] with comments and suggestions. Thank you for your support, Donna L. Bathalter And The Teacher Book Bag Crew Teacher Book Bag, L.L.C.
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Growing and Changing
Changes are going on all around you. Everything changes. Even you are changing!
Do you ever look at your baby pictures? You were so small at first. Why do you like to look at your pictures? Is it because you like to see how you have grown? You are no longer that little baby. You have changed. You have more hair. You even have more teeth.
Your parents remember when you didn’t have any teeth. It was hard on you when they began to push through the skin. You were teething. That is when your first teeth push through the skin in your mouth. Now you have had all of your first teeth. You may even have loose teeth where you are getting ready to have permanent teeth push through. You may have lost teeth by now.
An Activity for You to Do
Wash your hands well with soap and water. You are going to count your teeth. Reach your fingers all the way back on the left side on the top of your mouth. Find that back tooth. Start counting. Even count the places where you may have lost a tooth. How many teeth did you count on top if you go all the way around to the other side? Did you find ten teeth? Now count in the same way the teeth on the bottom. Take your time. Did you find ten more? You should have twenty altogether. Ten on top plus ten on bottom equals twenty baby teeth. If you have more than twenty then your permanent teeth are growing in.
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On the diagram below, color the teeth that you have lost red. Color the teeth that are loose blue. You are growing and changing.
Each of your teeth have names. When you go to the dentist, he will look closely at your teeth. That’s his job. Your teeth have jobs too. Some tear your food when you eat. They are normally sharp. With clean hands, find the sharp teeth in your mouth. Do you see how they can tear your food better than the ones that are not sharp? Some teeth grind your food. They are normally flat. Find the flat teeth in your mouth. Clamp your teeth together and move your teeth back and forth with your mouth closed. Do you see how they grind your food so that you can chew it up before you swallow.
Something else happens to the food when it is chewed by your teeth. Your mouth adds saliva. Saliva is a liquid that comes out of little holes
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in your mouth. You might call it spit. Saliva mixes with the chewed up food and helps you when you swallow. You need food to change and grow. Breaking down your food begins in the mouth. This is called digestion.
An Activity for You to Do
You will need 2 crackers, water, and 2 plastic bags.
1. Put a cracker into each bag. 2. Break the second cracker in its bag into little pieces. 3. Add water to each bag. 4. Seal the bags. 5. Shake each bag ten times. 6. Look at the two crackers. How are they different?
Imagine trying to swallow the cracker that you didn’t break up. It would be hard. Our teeth do a great job.
Where does the food go after we swallow it?
After you swallow the chewed up food, it is changed even more. First it goes down your food tube into your stomach. Your stomach squeezes food and changes it into a soupy liquid. That’s why you should chew your food well. It helps the stomach to do its job. After being in the stomach, the food moves into what is called your small intestine. Your small intestine breaks the food down even more. Now the food can be used by your body.
Look at the diagram on the next page.
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Take your finger and track the food as it goes from the mouth to the food tube to the stomach and to the intestine. Your body is a wonderful thing. All of the parts have a job so that you can change and grow.
mouth
teeth
food tube
stomach
small intestine
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Make a diagram that shows how your body digests food.
You will need a large piece of paper, a paper towel tube, a balloon, string, glue, and a crayon.
1. Have your parent trace your outline on the paper. 2. Make a model of the body parts that digest food. Glue the
tube, balloon, and string on your outline. 3. Tell which body part looks like a tube. 4. Tell which body party looks like a balloon. 5. Tell which body part looks like string.
Use your model to show how food moves through your body. Tell how food changes. What can you do to help your body digest its food?
How Long Does It Take to Digest Your Food?
Complete digestion takes some time to happen in your body. On your diagram write this information. It takes 8 seconds for the food to go through your food tube. Count slowly to eight. A neat trick is to say at a normal pace, “One, one thousand, two, one thousand, three, one thousand…” and on to eight. That equals eight seconds. Imagine if you didn’t chew your food well. It could get stuck in your food tube. It takes 1 to 4 hours for the food to digest in your stomach. Food is in the small intestine about four hours.
You should eat a healthy breakfast. When you do, do you notice that you get hungry four hours later? Then, you eat a healthy lunch. Four hours later you get hungry again. This is a great time for a small, healthy snack. That should take care of your hunger until dinner.
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Fill out the following chart. How long does it take to digest your food?
part of the body time
food tube
stomach
small intestine
Which part of the body does food go through most quickly? In which parts of the body does food stay about 4 hours?
Let's do an experiment. Next time when you're having a meal, chew your food as usual. When you are about to swallow, spit out all of the food from your mouth. Yes, spit it out on your plate just once. Look at it. If you see large chunks of food, think of how your stomach can ever digest it.
How many times should you chew?
Well, it depends on what you eat. If you eat oatmeal, you may chew for less than 10 times. But if you eat meat, you may need to chew for 40 times. Instead of counting how many times you chew, swallow after everything is broken into tiny pieces.
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You Are Going to Make a Book!
You have really grown! Think of all the changes you have gone through. Your book will help you see what things helped you grow and change. This is a great way to share what you know by making a book about growing up.
Here are the pages in your book and a little information about each one.
Page # 1: Draw a picture of some things you did when you were younger.
Page # 2: Make a picture of something new you will do this year.
Page # 3: Draw pictures of you doing four things that help you grow and become healthy.
Page # 4: Draw the parts of the body that help digest your food.
Write about your pictures. Decorate a front and back cover. Put all of your pages together.
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Things I Did When I Was Younger
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Something New I Will Do This Year
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Things that Help Me to Grow and Become Healthy
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The Parts of My Body that Help Digest My Food
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How Living Things Grow in Different Ways
You’ve been learning how you grow and change. All living things grow and change. Plants and animals are living things. Plants and animals grow and change. Living things need food and water. Let’s look at how sea turtles grow and change.
A sea turtle lives in the ocean. It crawls onto a beach to lay its eggs. First, it uses its flippers to dig a hole in the sand. It lays eggs in the hole. Then the sea turtle covers the eggs with sand.
The eggs lay in the sand for about two months until they are ready to hatch. Baby turtles use a special tooth that they have to break through the egg’s shell. Later the tooth falls out much like your baby teeth fall out. Only, with the sea turtle, a new one does not grow back.
What is a life cycle?
The way living things grow and change is called its life cycle. Look at the diagram below. This is a sea turtle’s life cycle.
The mother sea turtle lays her eggs.
The eggs hatch.
The mother sea turtle comes on shore and digs a hole.
The baby sea turtles crawl to the sea.
One day the sea turtle may have young of its own. A new life cycle begins.
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What is the life cycle of a horse?
Unlike the sea turtle who lays eggs, the horse grows inside of its mother. It is a mammal just like you. Mammals drink milk from their mother when they are young. The sea turtle is a reptile. Baby sea turtles get their food from the ocean.
How are young animals like their parents?
They often look like their parents in shape and color. Yet some young animals don’t look like their parents. Take for example these kittens. They are brothers and sisters. What do you think the mother cat looks like?
A young horse is called a foal. The foal will grow up to look like its parents.
The mother horse is called a mare. She was once a foal when she was young.
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Giraffes have brown spots on their bodies. Each giraffe has its own pattern of spots. No two patterns are the same. The spots on an adult giraffe are darker than the spots of its young.
Baby penguins are covered with fuzzy down feathers. They look like they are covered in fur, but they are not. The feathers become white and black as the penguin grows up.
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What about plants? What is the life cycle of a bean plant?
Young plants are like the parent plant in shape and color. Just like animals, plants can be different too.
How do people grow and change?
How will you change as you grow older? Will you look like your mother or father? As you grow your size and shape change. You will be able to do new things that you have not done before. When you grow up you will become an adult. What will you look like and act like when you become an adult?
For this next activity, you will need pictures of an adult. Ask an adult for their pictures as they were growing up.
1. Put the pictures in order. Show the person as a baby, a child, and an adult. 2. Study the pictures, and tell how the person changed. 3. Draw a picture of how you think you will look when you become an adult.
Write about your picture.
Seeds are the beginning of a bean plant life cycle.
The bean seed germinates and starts to grow.
A seedling grows from the seed.
The plant continues to grow and change. It becomes an adult.
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Me as an Adult
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Here is a family together. Can you tell that they are related? Pick out the grandmother and grandfather. Do they look like the mother or the father? Do the children look like their mother and father?
Think about your own family. Do you look alike?
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What can help you grow?
As you grow up your body needs different things for you to change and be healthy.
You need exercise for one thing. You get great exercise while you are playing. Think about what you do when you play. Draw a picture and write about the exercise that you are getting.
Me at Play
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Another thing that helps you grow and change is rest. You get rest by sitting and sleeping. How much sleep do you get each night? How do you feel when you don’t get enough sleep?
Draw a picture of your bedroom and you in your bed asleep. Write about your picture.
Me Asleep
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Keeping clean also helps you grow and change. When you wash you get rid of the germs that can make you sick. How do you make sure that you are healthy and clean?
Draw a picture of yourself doing something to keep clean. Write about your picture.
Me Being Clean
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You get help from the foods that you eat. Some foods are healthier than others. Think about the foods you eat.
What kinds of food help you grow and become healthier?
Look at the illustration above. It shows the food you should eat. It tells how much of each food you should eat. Did you know it is healthy to drink 8 glasses of water each day? How much water do you drink? Your parents cook healthy foods for you. Do you eat what they cook? What are your favorite foods? Chips, cookies, and cake should be eaten sparingly. That means just a little bit. You need more of the foods at the bottom of the chart. You need less of the foods at the top.
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An Activity for You
You will need glue, paper, scissors, and magazines with pictures of food. You can use the newspaper ads that your parent gets at the grocery store.
1. With your parent’s help, draw the food pyramid without the food on your paper.
2. Cut out pictures of different kinds of food from your magazine. 3. Glue your pictures in the correct place on the chart. 4. If you can’t find a particular kind of food, draw it in.
There are four things we covered that help you grow healthy and change.
Exercise
Rest
Keeping Clean
Eating the Right Food
Go back and check the book you made. Did you list any of these on the page where you put four things that help you grow and be healthy? If you didn’t, you have learned something new! What changes would you make?
On the next page, draw these four things and show how you use them to be healthy. Then, write about your drawings.
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Four Things that Help Me Grow and Be Healthy
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Exercise Rest Keeping Clean Eating the Right Food
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Mother Gorilla and Baby Mother Rabbit and Bunnies
Mother Sheep and Lambs Mother Elephant and Family
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Rhinoceros Mother and Baby
Alpaca Mother and Baby
Mother Toad and Baby Mother Orangutan and Baby
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Mother Rat and Baby Mother Whale and Baby
Mother Tiger and Baby Monkey Family
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Four Things That Help Me Grow and Be Healthy
Cut along the dotted lines. Fold on the heavy red line.
Exercise
Rest
Keeping
Clean
Eating the Right Food
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My Teeth
Have your child color the loose teeth blue and the missing teeth red. Run multiple copies so that your child can have a running record of their teeth. Have them refer back to their “Growing and Changing” lapbook often.
On the little booklets, “Exercise”, “Rest”, “Keeping Clean”, and “Eating the Right Food”, have your child draw a picture of themselves doing those four things inside the little booklets. Fold on the red line and glue on the page. See the sample lapbook for help.
On the diagram of digestion, have them label the mouth, food tube, stomach, and small intestine.
Tuck the book they made in their lapbook with other completed pages if there is room. You could also bind them all together with a bright colored string.
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How I Am
Growing
And
Changing
Place a current photo here.
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My Food Diary
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Cover Panel # 1
Panel # 2 Panel # 3 Have your child keep a record of the food they consume one day. Have them compare it to the food pyramid to see how they did.
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