Senior Design Residential MicrogridBailey Elaine Laban

Brendan Lyshe Michael Niolet

Advisor: Professor Everly

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I. Problem Description

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What’s Wrong?• Half a million

Americans lose power for at least two hours every dayo Costing the US economy over

$100billion every year.

• Over 2 billion people in the world cannot access electricityo Will double by 2050

• 10 major power plants are needed to supply the US’s standby power alone

• Customers feel complacent and content with their inability to customize or receive continuous, uninterrupted power

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What is a Microgrid?• DEFINITION: A residential, industrial or

commercial neighborhood that is independent of the current power grid

• CONTAINS: a generation station, a distribution network, and an energy storage facility within the neighborhood

• DELETES: the need for a transmission network.

• PROVIDES: “Perfect Power”

Why Microgrids?• Current grid is very

large and inefficient• Expensive to maintain• Technology is

outdated, rooting in the early 1950’so Unreliable & Unpractical

• Power companies monopolize dense cities

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Current Solution: Smart Grids

• Government funded• Increased maintenance costs• Not a high priority for power companies• Does not reduce harmful effects that large

generation stations currently have on environment

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II. Design Process

Collecting Voice of Customer

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VoC Continued

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Clarifying Project Attributes

• MUST HAVESo a control center/substationo be environmentally safeo Generatoro NERC/FERC Compliant

• COULD HAVESo a standalone power system

independent of modern grido utilize wind, solar and

geothermal energyo have fuel cellso Used for remote black starto Diesel generator

• SHOULD HAVESo Beneficialo Backup generatoro Self-healingo Cost Effectiveo Support plug in vehicles (PEV)o Battery storage

• USED TO o provide power to a designated

areao for rural areaso for backup powero maintain stability

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Constraints & Objectives

• Create a sustainable environment relative to the community and the land that it is built ono Use of solar panels and

possibly wind turbines.

• Building a manageable neighborhood

• Will explore varying scenarios

Evaluation Scenarios

• 5 Customer Lifestyleso Married couple

• no kids• gone 9am-5pm

o Married couple• no kids• both work from home

o Married couple• dad works 9am-5pm• stay at home mom • two kids in elementary

schoolo Retired couple

• home all dayo Single person

• Travels during week and home on weekends

• 5 streets: 5 houses/street

• 3 unique weather environmentso Dead of wintero Dead of summero Average fall/spring day

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• Additional Project Value: “Black Start Path”

• Neighborhood can “start making” power by itself when %100 independent of the current grid.

• Path begins with a gas diesel engine hydropower AC power.

• This clarified our need to define our generation station as well, which will be hydro powered.

Means to ImplementFunctional Components of Solution

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III. Requirements & Selection of Solution Alternatives

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Requirements Table

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Morphological Chart

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Evaluation Matrix

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IV. Design Overview

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Black Box Diagram

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Functional Means Tree Implementation

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Ghantt Chart

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Generation Circuit Diagram

Distribution Circuit Diagram

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Implementation

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Implementation

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Bill of MaterialsArduino $29.95

RGD Leds (150) $15.87

Computer $0.00

Android Phone $0.00

Power Systems Analysis and Design $105.00

PowerWorld (Included w/ Textbook) $0.00

Android Development for Dummies $16.12

ETAP Load Flow Analysis Software $0.00

Craft Supplies $75.00

Various Expenses (+20% of subtotal) $48.39

Total $290.33 PR

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V. Issues of Concern

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Government• We selected a

residential neighborhood in hopes of avoiding as many government stipulations as possible.

• We want to eliminate the possibility of a utilities “rate case”.

• By building a sustainable neighborhood, we avoid fines covering damage to the environment.

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Hydroelectricity• Must build the

neighborhood by a constant, reliable water source.

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IEEE Style Citations Galvin, Robert. Perfect Power. United States of America: McGraw Hill, 2009.

Glover, J.Duncan, Nulukutla S. Sarma, and ThomasJ. Overdye. Power System Design and Analysis. United States of America: Thomson, 2008.

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Questions?