tdi decompression procedures student exam version a · tdi decompression procedures diver course: a...

TDI Decompression Procedures Diver Course: A Complete Guide to Decompression Diving

Appendix 1: Final Exams

TDI Decompression Procedures Student Exam Version A

Student’s Name ____________________________ Date _________Instructor’s Name __________________________ Score ________

................................................................

159

1. Failure to conduct necessary decompression stops will likely result in:

A. Decompression sickness.

B. Nitrogen narcosis.

C. Patent Foramen Ovale.

D. None of the above.


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2. A decompression diver’s ________________ focus must be on safety while all other tasks must remain secondary.

A. Secondary

B. Nonessential

C. Primary

D. Subsequent

3. ________________ law explains the relationship between changes in volume and pressure.

A. Boyle’s

B. Dalton’s

D. Charles’

4. The term “Caisson’s Disease” was used to describe:

A. Decompression sickness.

B. The bends.

C. Arterial gas embolism.

Both the first and second answers are correct.

5. M-value describes the tolerable level of ________________ for a given tissue at any depth.

A. Under-pressurization

B. Over-pressurization

C. Under-equalization

D. Over-equalization


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6. For practical purposes, 1 atmosphere equals 1 bar in metric measurements and 1 atmosphere equals ________________ psi in imperial measurements.

A. 29.4

B. 44.1

C. 14.7

D. 58.8

7. At 20m/66ft, a scuba cylinder will last ________________ as long as it would at the surface.

A. One-quarter

B. One-third

C. One-half

D. Two times

8. What is the partial pressure of oxygen while breathing air at 35m/115ft?

A. 0.8 atm

B. 0.9 atm

C. 1.0 atm

D. 1.1 atm

9. In addition to diffusion, perfusion also controls the amount of

gas that a tissue will ________________ in a given amount of time.

A. On-gas

B. Burn up

C. Get rid of

D. Absorb


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10. During ascent, it is probable that fast tissues will be super-saturated and will be ________________ while slow tissues will be under-saturated and will be ________________.

A. Diffusing, Perfusing

B. Perfusing, Diffusing

C. Off-gassing, On-gassing

D. On-gassing, Off-gassing

11. By conducting decompression stops, the diver is attempting to control the over-pressurization ratio; thereby:

A. Reducing nitrogen levels in the body and the risks associated with nitrogen narcosis.

B. Reducing oxygen levels in the body and the risks associated with oxygen toxicity.

C. Reducing carbon monoxide levels in the body and the risks associated with carbon monoxide poisoning.

D. Minimizing bubble formation and the risks associated with decompression sickness.

12.A certain number of silent bubbles are common after a dive, an excess may result in an accumulation in the capillaries surrounding the ________________ and can reduce the amount of gas exchange taking place.

A. Alveoli

B. Heart

C. Brain

D. Ocular nerve


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13. Confusion and unusual behavior, memory loss, uncontrollable shaking and swelling are some of the signs and symptoms of decompression sickness.

True False

14. DCS is comprised of pain only hits that do not affect the diver’s central nervous system, cardiovascular system, or pulmonary system.

A. Type VI

B. Type II

C. Type I

D. Type III

15. Proper hydration must begin at_______ hours prior to a dive.

A. 2

B. 12

C. 18

D. 24

16. ________________ may cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataracts, pneumonia, periodontitis, and bladder, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, oral, throat, cervical, kidney, stomach, and pancreatic cancers.

A. Drinking

B. Smoking

C. Hang gliding

D. Driving


17. Patent Foramen Ovale (PFOs) are present in approximately of the population.

A. 10%

B. 15%

C. 20%

D. 25%

18. The Divers Alert Network (DAN) recommends a minimum preflight surface interval of ___________ hours for a single no-decompression dive

A. Longer than 18

B. 18

C. 12

D. 24

19. The best way to avoid narcosis is to avoid deep diving or choose a breathing medium appropriate for the planned depth.

True False

20. Increased partial pressure of CO2 is believed to be a contributing factor to the onset of:

A. Narcosis, oxygen toxicity, and decompression sickness.

B. Vertigo, dizziness, and nausea.

C. PFOs, altitude sickness, and sea sickness.



21. Tables resulting from Haldane’s Decompression Model encouraged divers to ascend as close to the surface as possible without exceeding the critical limit and to stay there until enough inert gas had escaped to allow the diver to ascend to the next decompression stop.

True False

22. The Workman tables, the US Navy tables, and Bühlmann’s ZHL-16 algorithm, all followed the general assumptions of Haldane and are categorized as:

A. “Modified Haldanian.”

B. “Neo-Haldanian.”

C. Both the first and second answers are correct.

D. Neither the first or second answer is correct.

23. Dual Phase or Bubble Models attempt to predict the behavior of both gas in solution and gas in a free state (bubbles).

True False

24. Dual phase (bubble) models attempt to control the ________________ of the bubbles in a diver’s tissues.

A. Number

B. Amount

C. Type

D. Size


25. VPM is a Dual Phase Model that incorporates the theory that bubbles of different ________________ have varying permeability.

A. Gasses

B. Shapes

C. Sizes

D. Textures

26. In technical diving, RGBM is an acronym for:

A. Reduced Gradient Bubble Model.

B. Reduced Gas Bubble Maker.

C. Radiant Gas Buoyancy Model.

D. Real Gas Buoyancy Model.

27. Regardless of type, the use of a rebreather requires a diver to carry and maintain an ample supply of ________________ reserve gas that can be used in the event of a rebreather failure.

A. Closed circuit

B. Semi-closed circuit

C. Open circuit

D. None of the answers above are correct

28. Diving cylinders come in a variety of sizes, ________________ , and working pressures.

A. Materials

B. Shapes (round, oblong, square)

C. Types (downstream, upstream)

D. All of the answers above are correct

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167

29. ________________ valves have two outlets, allowing divers to attach redundant regulators to a single cylinder.

A. A and Z

B. C and X

C. H and Y

D. K and Q

30. Manifolds are specialized valves that connect two cylinders together, allowing a diver to access the entire gas supply while breathing from a single regulator.

True False

31. Each cylinder and regulator carried by a diver must be accompanied by a ________________ unless the cylinders are connected through the use of a manifold.

A. Tank band

B. Cover

C. Submersible pressure gauge or SPG

D. Buoyancy compensator device or BCD

32. Wet suits and dry suits will aid in preventing ________________ ; however, care must be taken to avoid overheating.

A. Hyperthermia

B. Hydrothermal

C. Hypochondriac

D. Hypothermia


168

33. Masks with ________________ skirts are preferred as they reduce glare on the inside of the lenses.

A. Clear

B. Yellow

C. Opaque

D. Black

34. ________________ and ________________ offer divers the ability to collect information and communicate with team members.

A. Slates

B. Water proof notebooks

C. Both the first and second answers are correct

D. Neither the first or the second answer is correct

35. A minimum of three reels must be carried by each member of a decompression diving team.

True False

36. Every diver, regardless of ________________ , should understand how to use and have access to a gas analyzer.

A. Certification level

B. Type of equipment owned

C. Location in the world

D. Gender


169

37. As a diving system is assembled, the diver must attempt to mount each accessory item in the diver’s:

A. Triangle of life.

B. Slipstream.

C. Field of vision.


38. ________________ safeguards do not remove the need to visually check the cylinder before any gas switch.

A. Regulator

B. Cylinder

C. Buddy


39. Proper trim requires a diver to adjust posture according to the:

A. Water temperature.

B. Visibility.

C. Direction and desired speed of travel.

D. Both the first and second answers are correct.

40. Various ________________ styles have unique applications and all must be mastered in order to achieve ultimate efficiency without disturbing sediment.

A. Body

B. Descent

C. Ascent

D. Kicking


41. It is okay to deviate from ideal breathing when it is by choice.

True False

42. ________________ awareness consists of three components: self-awareness, global awareness, and situational awareness.

A. Acute

B. Global

C. True

D. Self

43. Whenever possible, divers must ________________ positioning themselves in the blind spots of team members.

A. Attempt

B. Strive

C. Take a crack at

D. Avoid

44. The ________________ diver will presume everything is okay if the lights of his team members are visible and steady.

A. Middle

B. Last

C. Lead

D. Second

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171

45. Consider using ________________ phrases on the slate that can then be pointed to during the dive.

A. Standard

B. Preplanned

C. Short

D. Simple

46. Rock walls, shipwrecks and reefs are but a few examples of objects that may be used as ________________ references.

A. Tactile

B. Size

C. Tangible

D. Visual

47. Divers must carefully adhere to the maximum operating depths (MODs) for:

A. Only their bottom mix.

B. Only their traveling mix.

C. Each of the mixes carried.

D. Their decompression mix.

48. A dive’s ________________ will dictate the order in which each phase of logistical planning is executed.

A. Objectives

B. Profile

C. Duration

D. Limiting factors


49. The maximum operating depth formula that is derived from Dalton’s T is:

A. OD = Mix ÷ Dose.

B. MOD = Dose ÷ Mix.

C. MOD = Mix x Dose.

D. MOD = Dose x Mix.

50. Planning software is relatively ________________ and is readily available for personal computers, PDAs, and cellular telephones.

A. Expensive

B. Inexpensive

C. Pricey

D. Costly

51. Atmospheric pressure is ________________ dependent; therefore, the dive site’s elevation above sea level must be factored into the plan to ensure accuracy.

A. Attitude

B. Altitude

C. Longitude

D. Latitude

52. The minimum cylinder pressure at which a diver must begin the ascent may be determined during a dive and is not a necessary step in pre-dive planning.

True False

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173

53. When diving in overhead environments, different procedures apply, including the implementation of the rule:

A. Of twos.

B. Of thirds.

C. Of fours.

D. Of Parliament.

54. A decompression diving team is ideally comprised of either two or three members; however, a larger team may prove safer for ________________ dives due to the availability of additional gas reserves and equipment.

A. Longer and shallower

B. Shorter and deeper

C. Shorter and shallower

D. Longer and deeper

55. When planning trips to remote areas, plan dives:

A. Thoughtfully and quickly.

B. Quickly and carefully.

C. Carefully and conservatively.

D. Quickly and recklessly.

56. The most ineffective method for coping with stress is through relaxation and breathing control.

True False


57. Should a light failure occur during a dive, implement the following procedure:

A. Stay with the team and deploy a backup light.

B. Signal the other team members and communicate the failure.

C. Call the dive.

D. All of the answers above are correct

58. If an entanglement occurs:

A. Stop; signal the team; attempt to free yourself; and if unable, wait for assistance from the team.

B. Fight and twist to free yourself.

C. Inflate your BC, hold your breath, and swim for the surface.

D. All of the above.

59. Most _____________ can be terminated by simply closing a valve.

A. Hernias

B. Hemostatins

C. Hemorrhages

D. Hedgings

60. If dives have been properly planned, each diver will carry enough ________________ for two divers to safely reach the surface while completing all required decompression stops.

A. Equipment

B. Weight

C. Diver propulsion vehicles

D. Gas

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61. If ________________ cause the planned depth or time limits to be exceeded, the dive team must revert to the appropriate contingency schedule and complete the adjusted decompression schedule.

A. The day of the week

B. Expected circumstances

C. Unexpected circumstances

D. The time of day

62. The ability to efficiently deploy a ________________ is a necessary skill that takes time and practice to develop.

A. BSMB

B. SSMB

C. DSMB

D. MBAS

63. The Drivers Ambulance Network (DAN) recommends that a neurological exam be performed as soon as possible for any suspected case of decompression illness.

True False

64. In water recompression (IWR) is an extremely ________________ procedure.

A. Safe

B. Risk-free

C. Risky

D. Secure

175


65. Creating a checklist of ________________ items reduces the risk of leaving important equipment behind.A. Nice to have C. RequiredD. Luxury

66. Each team member doesn’t need to completely understand

every aspect of the planned activity prior to gearing up, as long as the team leader does.

True False

67. ________________ entering the water, test every piece of equipment and ensure dive readiness.

A. Prior to

B. After

C. Post


68. A team must conduct a thorough ________________ after completing each decompression dive. A. BriefingB. DebriefingC. Planning sessionD. None of the above

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69. Post-dive discussions conducted ________________ finishing the dive, will pull information from a diver’s mind while it is still fresh and provide periods of rest prior to exertion after long dives.

A. Immediately upon

B. Prior to

C. One to two hours after

D. Within 12 hours of

70. A thorough debriefing will include discussion pertaining to:

A. Identification of problems encountered and analysis of the team’s reaction.

B. Accuracy of the dive plan.

C. Notable dive site features.

D. All of the answers above are correct.

................................................................ I certify that I understand or have had explained to me all of the

questions I have missed and I have a full understanding of all material in this test and the text for this class.

Signature ____________________________ Date ___________

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