tda mythology unit 3 oa 1 name aries march 21 - april 19
TRANSCRIPT
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TDA Mythology Unit 3 OA 1 Name___________________________________________
ARIES March 21 - April 19
Directions: Start at dot number 3. Counting by 3s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 123.
Constellation myth:
One day Zeus looked down from his
throne on Mt. Olympus. What he saw on
Earth made him very angry. A cruel king
and queen were about to burn a little boy
and girl to try to win Zeus’s favor. Zeus’s
voice rang out through the heavens as he
called for his beautiful pet ram. “You must
save these young and innocent children
from these wicked plans,” he thundered.
Just as the cruel king was about to light the
fire under the children, there was a flash of
lightning above his head. From the center
of the flash, the ram appeared. He gently
picked up the children, nestled them
between his horns, and soared high up into
the sky. He set them down in a faraway part
of the world, safe forever from the wicked
king and queen. But before he left them, the
ram whispered softly to the children, “If you
ever need help in finding your way, just
look up at the sky, and I will always be
there.” And to this day the ram has kept his
word – his outline appears in the sky as a
constellation to safely guide the steps of
young children who need his help.
TAURUS April 20 - May 20
Directions: Start at dot number 4. Counting by 4s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 160.
Constellation myth:
Oknos was a juggler and an
acrobat. He sailed around the
waters of Greece with his
dancing pig and trained monkey.
He’d bring his wonderful show
to each of the many islands that
surround Greece. Oknos would
tell the people tales of wonderful
adventures that happened away
from their tiny island.
One day some young girls
were waiting on the shore for
Oknos. When he got to their
island, he spent the day with
them. The girls watched his
magic tricks and played with the
monkey and dancing pig. They
all had a wonderful time. All too
soon, it was time for Oknos to leave. “Where are you going now?” asked a fun-loving girl named Europa.
“Over the horizon,” was his answer. Europa would have given anything to go with him. “Oh Zeus,” she prayed. “Let me sail over
the horizon someday like Oknos!” Then she sadly went looking for her friends. At the edge of the beach, she found a snow-white
bull. He was very gentle and even allowed her to climb on his back. Then all of a sudden he took off over the beach and into the sea.
“Faster!” cried Europa. “Take me as far as you can – over the horizon!” so the bull swam faster and faster until he reached the end of
the world. He got down on his knees so Europa could climb down. Europa looked up and there, standing before her, was Zeus
himself. “Welcome,” he said. “Your prayer has been answered. You have traveled to the place that lay over the horizon. Your
adventure is about to begin.” Europa was so grateful to the bull that she begged Zeus to place the form of the bull among the stars, to
remind children everywhere that the world is full of adventures.
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GEMINI May 21 - June 21
Directions: Start at dot number 5. Counting by 5s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 260.
Constellation myth:
Zeus had twin sons, called Castor
and Pollux. They were wonderful
athletes who spent their days playing
all kinds of sports. One day whle they
were boxing, a terrible storm was
raging on Earth. A tiny boat was being
tossed on the waves like a toy. Its
frightened sailor was a boy named
Iphus. He was all by himself on the
dangerous seas. The sky was so dark,
he couldn’t tell where to look for
safety. “Help me, Zeus,” he prayed.
“Please send me some light.” At once,
two rays of light sparkled in the night
sky. The lights moved across the sky
in a flash. They gave just enough light
to show Iphus a safe place to hide
between some rocks until the storm
had ended. Zeus had answered the
sailor’s prayers. He sent his twin sons
to guide Iphus in the form of
constellations. If you look carefully,
you can still see them in the sky today,
guiding other lost sailors through the
night with their twinkling lights.
CANCER June 22 - July 22
Directions: Start at dot number 6. Counting by 6s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 378.
Constellation myth:
Hera, the wife of Zeus, was a very
jealous goddess. She was especially
jealous of Hercules, Zeus’s mortal son,
because Zeus was so fond of him. To
prove to Zeus that Hercules was
unworthy of Zeus’s love, she decided
to give Hercules twelve labors to test
his strength and courage. One of his
labors was to kill the deadly monster,
the Hydra. The Hydra had a the body
of a dragon and nine snakelike heads.
No one could kill it. If one of the
Hydra’s heads was cut off, another
would grow in its place!
To make sure that the Hydra would
defeat Hercules, Hera found a huge
crab with razor-sharp claws. Hera told
the crab to sneak up behind Hercules,
grab him, and hold him so the Hydra
could kill him.
On the day of the fight, Hercules
brought along his nephew Iolaus. One
by one, Hercules cut off the Hydra’s
heads while Iolaus seared each neck with a torch, so that no new heads could grow back. Just as they were about to finish off the
Hydra, the crab sneaked up behind Hercules and grabbed his foot. Hercules stamped his other foot down on the crab’s shell and
smashed the shell to bits. The crab was crushed to death. Then Hercules quickly turned back to the Hydra and cut off its final head.
Zeus, who had been watching the whole time, took the body of the crab back to Olympus. He turned it into a constellation to remind
Hera forever of her terrible failure.
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LEO July 23 - Aug. 22.
Directions: Start at dot number 7. Counting by 7s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 357.
Constellation myth:
A powerful lion once lived on the
moon. Unfortunately, there was very
little food on the moon. So the hungry
lion waited for Selene, the moon
goddess, to ride by in her chariot. The
lion thought that one of Selene’s horses
would make a tasty snack. But as he
tried to grab a horse, Selene hit the lion
sharply with her whip. The surprised
lion slipped from the moon and fell
through the sky. He landed on his four
huge paws in a little town called
Nemea. The hungry lion was much
happier on Earth. In fact, he got quite
fat on all the human beings he was able
to catch for food. Many brave fighters
lost their lives trying to kill this great
lion from the moon. The lion’s skin
was so tough that no arrow or spear
could harm him.
Hera, the jealous wife of Zeus, gave
Hercules the task of slaying this
ferocious lion, as the first of his famous
twelve labors. Hercules bravely charged into the lion’s cave and strangled him with his bare hands. When Hercules came out of the
lion’s cave, he was wearing the lion’s skin as a coat. The people of Nemea were saved at last. Zeus called down to his son on Earth,
“Well done, Hercules. Now that you have destroyed the body of this terrible lion, I will place his form among the stars so that people
will always remember your brave deed.”
VIRGO Aug 23 - Sept. 22
Directions: Start at dot number 8. Counting by 8s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 240.
Constellation myth:
Persephone was the daughter of
Demeter, goddess of the earth’s
fertility. When Persephone was
kidnapped by Hades, god of the
Underworld, Demeter stopped caring
for the earth. She missed her
daughter so much that she let the
plants die and the grass turn brown.
People began to starve. Zeus knew
that he had to do something quickly.
He ordered Hades (who was his
brother) to send the lovely
Persephone back to her mother. But
before Hades allowed Persephone to
leave, he made her eat four magic
pomegranate seeds. This meant that
Persephone would have to go back to
the underworld for four months of
every year – one month for each of
the seeds she had eaten! Those four
months, when Demeter loses all
interest in caring for the earth, are the
winter months. But when Persephone
returns each time, the earth blooms
once again.
This was the best that Zeus could do. But to remind people to get ready for winter and stock up on food and firewood, he placed
the constellation in the summer sky called “the Maiden,” which looks just like Demeter.
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LIBRA Sept. 23 - Oct. 23
Directions: Start at dot number 9. Counting by 9s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 423.
Constellation myth:
As Aphrodite was walking through the forest
one day, to her surprise she found a beautiful baby
hidden among the bushes. She pressed her lips to
the ground and called, “Persephone, come
quickly!” The ground split apart and Persephone
appeared. “Look what I found,” said Aphrodite.
Persephone and Aphrodite were charmed by
the baby boy. They decided to adopt him. They
called him Adonis, which means “prince.”
Persephone took care of Adonis for the months
that she was in the underworld. Aphrodite took
care of him for the rest of the year. This plan
worked out well for many years until Adonis
became a handsome young man. Then the
goddesses began to fight over him. The lovely
peacefulness of Olympus was broken. So Zeus
sent the two mothers to visit Themis, the goddess
of common sense. She settled the argument in this way: Adonis would spend four months with one mother and four months with his
other mother; the four months that were left would be his to spend as he wished. Everyone was happy with this plan.
Themis could always understand both sides of any problem. She would carefully weigh each side of an argument. Then she would
come up with an answer that would satisfy both sides. In honor of Themis, Zeus placed a constellation of stars in the sky that looked
like a balance, or scale, which the Romans called “Libra,” to remind us to use fairness and common sense.
SCORPIO Oct. 24 - Nov. 21
Directions: Start at dot number 10. Counting by 10s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 570.
Constellation myth:
Zeus, Hermes, and
Poseidon decided to leave
Olympus for the day.
They dressed themselves
as humans and went for a
walk on Earth. After a
while, they wanted to
rest. So they knocked on
the door of a poor farmer
named Hyrieus. Hyrieus
invited them to supper.
To feed his visitors, he
killed his only ox, who
also happened to be his
beloved pet. Zeus was
pleased with Hyrieus’s
unselfishness. He told
Hyrieus that they were
gods. Then he said,
“Hyrieus, you may have
any wish you desire.”
Hyrieus always wanted to
have a son. So Zeus told
him to bury the skin of his ox. In nine months, it would turn into a handsome son. And so it did!
Hyrieus named his son Orion. Orion became a skillful hunter. One day, while he was hunting in the woods, he met Artemis, the
hunting goddess. They spent many days hunting together. One day Orion went hunting alone. To show Artemis what a fine hunter
he was, he killed all the animals in the forest. Orion did not know that Artemis was also the protector of animals and birds. Artemis
looked at the pile of dead animals and became very angry with Orion. She stamped her foot on the ground and a huge scorpion
appeared. “Kill that, Orion!” she said. But before Orion could lift his bow, the scorpion stung him. “To kill for food is allowed. To
kill for sport is not,” scolded Artemis. Orion died from the scorpion sting. Then Artemis lifted the scorpion to the sky to form a
constellation. “These stars will remind men to respect the lives of all living creatures other than themselves,” she said. And to this
day you can still see the form of the scorpion in the night sky.
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SAGITTARIUS Nov. 22 - Dec. 21
Directions: Start at dot number 11. Counting by 11s, connect the dots. Continue until you reach 594.
Constellation myth:
Centaurs were strange-looking
beasts – horses from the waist down,
and men from the waist up. Chiron
was king of the centaurs. He was a
good and kind ruler. He was also very
good at healing. Many animals and
men who had been hurt would come to
him to cure their wounds.
Not all centaurs were gentle,
though. Some were wild and loved to
fight. One day Chiron heard the loud
noise of stamping hooves. He galloped
toward the noise. There, in a field, a
group of wild centaurs were attacking
Hercules and Pholus, who was another
centaur. Hercules had brought his bow
and poison arrows with him, and he
was shooting arrows at all the attacking
centaurs. When Chiron saw what was
going on, he bravely rode into the
middle of the battle. Hercules didn’t realize that Chiron was there, and he shot him by mistake. When the other centaurs saw Chiron
fall to the ground in pain, they ran off. “What medicine can I get to help you?” asked Pholus worriedly.
“There is none,” moaned poor Chiron. “The poison on Hercules’s arrows comes from the blood of the Hydra. For that, there is no
cure.”
“Will you die, then?” cried Pholus. “No,” answered the king. “Long ago the gods made me immortal. But I shall have to live in
pain forever.”
But Zeus had pity on the good king Chiron. To end Chiron’s pain, Zeus allowed him to die, and turned him into a constellation of
stars. This constellation is called Sagittarius, which means “archer.”
CAPRICORN Dec. 22 - Jan. 19
Directions: Start at dot number 1. Connect in order every dot labeled with a prime number.
Constellation myth:
Zeus’s father, Cronus, was afraid
that one of his sons would grow up to
be stronger than he was. So whenever
a new baby boy was born, he had it
killed. When Zeus was born, his
mother gave him to two young
nymphs. The nymphs promised to take
Zeus far away and to keep him safe
from Cronus. They took baby Zeus to
their tiny village where they cared for
him for several years, and fed him milk
from a special she-goat named
Amalthea. One day, while Zeus and
Amalthea were playing, one of
Amalthea’s horns broke off in Zeus’s
hand. Zeus realized that this was a
sign for him to break with this safe,
loving place that had been his home.
So he brought the horn to the nymphs
and solemnly told them, “This is a
magic horn of plenty. It will provide
you with all the food and drink you
need forever, as you and Amalthea
have always provided for me.” Then
Zeus left to fight his cruel father, and he won (just as Cronus had feared). One of Zeus’s first acts as king of the gods was to call
Amalthea up to the stars to take her place in the heavens. You can see her there today as the constellation that forms the outline of a
goat.
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AQUARIUS Jan. 20 - Feb. 18
Directions: Start at dot number 1. Connect in order every dot labeled with an odd number.
Constellation myth:
Ganymede, the simple shepherd, was the
most handsome mortal the gods had ever seen.
He was also very gentle and kind. One day
while Ganymede was tending his sheep, a great
eagle swooped down from the sky and startled
the gentle Ganymede. “Don’t be afraid,” said
the bird. “I’m Zeus’s eagle. My master has
sent me to carry you to Mt. Olympus.”
So Ganymede gracefully climbed onto the
sleek back of the eagle and was carried up to his
new home and immortal life among the gods.
On Olympus, he served the gods by bringing
them water when they needed it. To honor
Ganymede’s immortality, the gods placed his
form in a constellation of stars called Aquarius,
which means “water carrier.” You can still see
the form of Ganymede in the stars today.
PISCES Feb. 19 - Mar. 20
Directions: Start at dot number 2. Connect in order every dot labeled with an even number.
Constellation myth:
One day Cupid (know to the
Greeks as Eros) was playing with
his arrows in the woods. All of a
sudden, he heard a terrible roar.
Frightened, he ran back to his
mother and clung to her side.
“There’s a monster in the woods,”
he cried.
“Oh my,” cried Venus (whom
the Greeks called Aphrodite) as she
listened to the roars. “It’s Typhon,
the enemy of the gods. We must
get away as fast as we can, my
son.”
So Venus and Cupid ran for their
lives through the forest. As they
ran, they could hear the branches of
trees crashing around them. The
terrible dragon, Typhon, was
following fast behind them. Finally
Venus and Cupid had run so
quickly and traveled so far that they
reached the seashore, and there was
no place left to run. In despair, Venus called out, “Oh great god of the sea, save us from Typhon, our mortal enemy.”
Just as Typhon was almost upon them, a pair of dolphins swam past the shore. Neptune, the sea god (whom the Greeks called
Poseidon) rose up from the water. “Get on the backs of the dolphins!” he ordered. “The dolphins will save you.” And that is exactly
what they did.
To reward the dolphins, the gods brought them up to the heavens. They became a new constellation known as Pisces. The word
“pisces” means fish in Latin. (In those days people did not know that dolphins were mammals, not fish.)