tcp ip overview

5/28/2018 TCP IP Overview

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TCP/IP Overview


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Introduction to TCP/IP

Early protocol suite

Universal

Host

Internet

TCP/IP

Host


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TCP/IP Protocol Stack

7

6

5

4

3

2

5

4

3

2

Application

Presentation

Session

Transport

Network

Data Link

Physical1

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

Physical

1


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Application Layer Overview

*Used by the router

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

Physical

File Transfer

- TFTP *- FTP *- NFS

E-Mail- SMTP

Remote Login- Telnet *- rlogin *

Network Management- SNMP *

Name Management- DNS*


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Transport Layer Overview

Transmission ControlProtocol (TCP)

User Datagram

Protocol (UDP)

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

Physical

Connection-Oriented

Connectionless


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TCP Segment Format

Source port (16)Destination port (16)

Sequence number (32)

Headerlength (4)

Acknowledgement number (32)

Reserved (6) Code bits (6) Window (16)

Checksum (16) Urgent (16)

Options (0 or 32 if any)

Data (varies)

20

Bytes

Bit 0 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31


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Port NumersTCP

PortNumbers

FTP

TransportLayer

TEL

NET

DNS

SNM

P

TFT

P

SMT

P

UDP

ApplicationLayer

21 23 25 53 69 161

RIP

520


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TCP Port Numers

SourcePort

Dest.Port

Host A

1028 23

SP DP

Host ZTelnet Z

Dest. port = 23.Send packet to my

Telnet

application.


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Send SYN(seq=100 ctl=SYN)

SYN received

Host A Host B

TCP T!ree "ay

#ands!ake/Open Connection

1


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SYN received

Send SYN, ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)

Host A Host B

SYN received

1

2

TCP T!ree "ay



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SYN received

Send SYN, ACK(seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack)

Established(seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack)

Host A Host B

1

2

3

SYN received

TCP T!ree "ay



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TCP Simple Acknowledgment

Window size = 1

Sender Receiver


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Window size = 1

Sender Receiver

Send 1Receive 1


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Window size = 1

Sender Receiver

Send 1Receive 1

Receive ACK 2Send ACK 2


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Window size = 1

Sender Receiver

Send 1Receive 1


Send 2 Receive 2


16/91


Window size = 1

Sender Receiver

Send 1Receive 1


Send 2 Receive 2



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Window size = 1

Sender Receiver

Send 1Receive 1


Send 2 Receive 2


Send 3 Receive 3


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Window size = 1

Sender Receiver

Send 1

Receive 1


Send 2 Receive 2


Send 3Receive 3

Receive ACK 4 Send ACK 4


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TCP Se$uence and

Acknowledgment Numers

Source

Port

Dest.

Port

Sequence

#

Acknowledgement

#

Source Dest. Seq. Ack.

1028 23 10 1

I justsent #10.


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TCP Se$uence and


I just got #10,

now I need #11.

Source

Port

Dest.

Port

Sequence

#

Acknowledgement

#

1028 23

Source Dest.

10

Seq.

1

Ack.

102823

Source Dest.

11

Seq.

1

Ack.

I justsent #10.


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TCP Se$uence and


SourcePort

Dest.Port

Sequence

#Acknowledgement

#

1028 23

Source Dest.

11

Seq.

2

Ack.

1028 23

Source Dest.

10

Seq.

1

Ack.

102823

Source Dest.

11

Seq.

1

Ack.

I just got #10,

now I need #11.

I justsent #11.


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TCP Se$uence and


SourcePort

Dest.Port

Sequence

#Acknowledgement

#

1028 23

Source Dest.

11

Seq.

2

Ack.

1028 23

Source Dest.

10

Seq.

1

Ack.

102823

Source Dest.

11

Seq.

1

Ack.

102823

Source Dest.

12

Seq.

2

Ack.

I just got #11,

now I need #12.

I justsent #11.


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TCP "indowing

Sender Receiver


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TCP "indowing

Window size = 3Send 2

Sender ReceiverWindow size = 3Send 1

Window size = 3

Send 3


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TCP "indowing

Sender Window size = 3Send 1

Window size = 3

Send 3 ACK 3Window size = 2

Packet 3 isDropped

Receiver


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TCP "indowing


Window size = 3

Send 3 ACK 3Window size = 2

Packet 3 isDropped



Receiver


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TCP "indowing


Window size = 3

Send 3ACK 3Window size = 2

Packet 3 isDropped



ACK 5Window size = 2

Receiver


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%&P Segment Format

No sequence or acknowledgment fields

Source port (16) Destination port (16)

Length (16)

Data (if any)

1Bit 0 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31

Checksum (16)

8Bytes


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Internet Layer Overview

OS network layer corresponds to t!e"#$%$ internet layer

Internet Protocol (IP)

Internet Control MessageProtocol (ICMP)

Address ResolutionProtocol (ARP)

Reverse Address

Resolution Protocol (RARP)

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

Physical


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IP &atagram

Version

(4)

Destination IP Address (32)

Options (0 or 32 if any)

Data (varies if any)

1Bit 0 Bit 15 Bit 16 Bit 31

Header

Length (4)

Priority & Type

of Service (8)Total Length (16)

Identification (16)Flags

(3) Fragment offset (13)

Time to live (8) Protocol (8) Header checksum (16)

Source IP Address (32)

20

Bytes


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Protocol Field

&etermines destination upper'layerprotocol

TransportLayer

InternetLayer

TCP UDP

Protocol

Numbers

IP

176


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Internet Control 'essage

Protocol

Application

Transport

Internet

Data Link

Physical

Destination

Unreachable

Echo (Ping)

Other

ICMP

1


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Address (esolution Protocol

172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2

IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???

I need the

Ethernet

address of

176.16.3.2.


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172.16.3.1 172.16.3.2

IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???

I heard that broadcast.

The message is for me.Here is my Ethernet

address.

I need the

Ethernet

address of

176.16.3.2.


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172.16.3.1

IP: 172.16.3.2

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111

172.16.3.2

IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???



address.

I need the

Ethernet

address of

176.16.3.2.


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(ap $ Et!ernet

)ocal *+$

172.16.3.1

IP: 172.16.3.2

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111

172.16.3.2

IP: 172.16.3.2 = ???



address.

I need the

Ethernet

address of

176.16.3.2.


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(everse A(P

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???

What ismy IP

address?


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(everse A(P

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???

What ismy IP

address?

I heard that

broadcast.Your IP

address is

172.16.3.25.


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(everse A(P

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111IP: 172.16.3.25

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???

What ismy IP

address?

I heard that

broadcast.Your IP

address is

172.16.3.25.


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(everse A(P

(ap Et!ernet $

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111IP: 172.16.3.25

Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ???

What ismy IP

address?

I heard that

broadcast.Your IP

address is

172.16.3.25.


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Introduction to TCP/IP Addresses

, Unique addressing allows communication-etween end stations

, $at! c!oice is -ased on location

)ocation is represented -y an address

172.18.0.2

172.18.0.1

172.17.0.2172.17.0.1

172.16.0.2

172.16.0.1

SADAHDR DATA10.13.0.0 192.168.1.0

10.13.0.1192.168.1.1


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IP Addressing

255 255 255 255

Dotted

Decimal

Maximum

Network Host

32 bits


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IP Addressing

255 255 255 255

Dotted

Decimal

Maximum

Network Host

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111Binary

32 bits

1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1


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IP Addressing

255 255 255 255

Dotted

Decimal

Maximum

Network Host

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1

11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111

10101100 00010000 01111010 11001100

Binary

32 bits

172 16 122 204ExampleDecimal

Example

Binary

1 8 9 16 17 24 25 32

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1

128

64

32

16 8 4 2 1


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IP Address Classes

#lass *.

#lass /.

#lass #.

#lass &.

(ulticast

#lass E. +esearc!

Network Host Host Host

Network Network Host Host

Network Network Network Host

8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits


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IP Address Classes

1

Class A:

Bits:

0NNNNNNN Host Host Host

8 9 16 17 24 25 32

Range (1-126)

1

Class B:

Bits:

10NNNNNN Network Host Host

8 9 16 17 24 25 32

Range (128-191)

1

Class C:

Bits:

110NNNNN Network Network Host

8 9 16 17 24 25 32

Range (192-223)1

Class D:

Bits:

1110MMMM Multicast Group Multicast Group Multicast Group

8 9 16 17 2425 32

Range (224-239)


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#ost Addresses

172.16.2.1

172.16.3.10

172.16.12.12

10.1.1.1

10.250.8.11

10.180.30.118

E1

172.16 12 12

Network Host

. . Network Interface

172.16.0.0

10.0.0.0

E0

E1

Routing Table

172.16.2.1

10.6.24.2

E0


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11111111

&etermining Availale #ostAddresses

172 16 0 0

10101100 00010000 00000000 00000000

16

15

14

13

12

11

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Network Host

00000000 00000001

11111111 1111111111111111 11111110

...

...

00000000 00000011

11111101

123

6553465535

65536-

...

2

65534

N

2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534


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IP Address Classes )*ercise

Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1

128.63.2.100

201.222.5.64

192.6.141.2

130.113.64.16

256.241.201.10



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Answers

Address Class Network Host

10.2.1.1

128.63.2.100

201.222.5.64

192.6.141.2

130.113.64.16

256.241.201.10

A

B

C

C

B

Nonexistent

10.0.0.0

128.63.0.0

201.222.5.0

192.6.141.0

130.113.0.0

0.2.1.1

0.0.2.100

0.0.0.64

0.0.0.2

0.0.64.16


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Addressing wit!out Sunets

Network 102132424

172.16.0.0

172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3

...

172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254


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Addressing wit! Sunets

Network 102132424

172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0

172.16.3.0

172.16.4.0


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Sunet Addressing

172.16.2.200

172.16.2.2

172.16.2.160

172.16.2.1

172.16.3.5

172.16.3.100

172.16.3.150

E0

172.16

Network

Network Interface

172.16.0.0

172.16.0.0

E0

E1

New Routing Table

2 160

Host

. .

172.16.3.1

E1


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Sunet Addressing

172.16.2.200

172.16.2.2

172.16.2.160

172.16.2.1

172.16.3.5

172.16.3.100

172.16.3.150

172.16.3.1

E0E1

172.16 2 160

Network Host

. . Network Interface

172.16.2.0

172.16.3.0

E0

E1

New Routing Table

Subnet


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Sunet 'ask

172 16 0 0

255 255 0 0

255 255 255 0

IP

Address

DefaultSubnet

Mask

8-bitSubnet

Mask

Network Host

Network Host

Network Subnet Host

Also written as /16 where 16 represents the number of 1sin the mask.

Also written as /24 where 24 represents the number of 1sin the mask.

11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000

&ecimal )$uivalents o+ ,it


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&ecimal )$uivalents o+ ,it

Patterns

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 128

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 192

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 224

1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 = 240

1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = 248

1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 = 252

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 = 254

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 255

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1


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16

Network Host

172 0 0

10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

00000000

00000000

10100000

00000000

00000000

Sunet 'ask wit!out Sunets

Su-nets not in use5t!e default

00000010172.16.2.160

255.255.0.0

NetworkNumber


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Sunet 'ask wit! Sunets

Network num-er e6tended -y eig!t -its

16

Network Host

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.0

172 2 0

10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

10100000

00000000

00000000

00000010

Subnet

NetworkNumber

128

192

224

24

0

24

8

25

2

254

255



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-cont.

Network num-er e6tended -y ten -its

Network Host

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

Subnet

16172 2 128

NetworkNumber

128

192

224

24

0

24

8

25

2

254

255

128

192

224

24

0

24

8

25

2

254

255


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Sunet 'ask )*ercise

Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet

172.16.2.10

10.6.24.20

10.30.36.12

255.255.255.0

255.255.240.0

255.255.255.0


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Sunet 'ask )*ercise Answers

Address Subnet Mask Class Subnet

172.16.2.10

10.6.24.20

10.30.36.12

255.255.255.0

255.255.240.0

255.255.255.0

B

A

A

172.16.2.0

10.6.16.0

10.30.36.0


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,roadcast Addresses

172.16.1.0

172.16.2.0

172.16.3.0

172.16.4.0

172.16.3.255(Directed broadcast)

255.255.255.255(Local network broadcast)

X

172.16.255.255(All subnets broadcast)


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Addressing Summary )*ample

16172 2 160

10101100 00010000 1010000000000010 Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

4

1


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10101100

11111111

00010000

11111111 11111111

10100000

11000000

00000010 Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

1

2

16172 2 160


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10101100

11111111

00010000

11111111 11111111

10100000

11000000

00000010 Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

1

2

3

7

16172 2 160


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10101100

11111111

00010000

11111111 11111111

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010 Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

1

2

3

4

16172 2 160


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10101100

11111111

00010000

11111111 11111111

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

10111111

Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

1

2

3

4

56

16172 2 160


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10101100

11111111

00010000

11111111 11111111

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

10111111

10000001

Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

1

2

3

4

56

16172 2 160


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10101100

11111111

00010000

11111111 11111111

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

10111111

10000001

10111110

Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

1

2

3

4

56

7

16172 2 160


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10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111

10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001

10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110

Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

1

2

3

4

56

7

8

16172 2 160

Addressing Summary


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)*ample

10101100

11111111

10101100

00010000

11111111

00010000

11111111

00000010

10100000

11000000

10000000

00000010

10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111

10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001

10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110

Host

Mask

Subnet

Broadcast

Last

First

172.16.2.160

255.255.255.192

172.16.2.128

172.16.2.191

172.16.2.129

172.16.2.190

1

2

3

4

56

7

89

16172 2 160


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IP Host Address: 172.16.2.121Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0

Class , Sunet )*ample

Su-net *ddress = 10213224

7ost *ddresses = 10213221810213229:

/roadcast *ddress = 102132299

Eig!t -its of su-netting

Network Subnet Host

10101100 00010000 00000010 11111111

172.16.2.121:

255.255.255.0:

10101100

11111111

Subnet: 10101100 00010000

00010000

11111111

00000010

00000010

11111111

01111001

00000000

00000000

Broadcast:

Network


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Sunet Planning

Othersubnets

192.168.5.16

192.168.5.32 192.168.5.48

20 subnets

5 hosts per subnet

Class C address:

192.168.5.0

Class C Sunet Planning


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11111000

IP Host Address: 192.168.5.121Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.248

Network Subnet Host

192.168.5.121: 11000000

11111111

Subnet: 11000000 10101000

10101000

11111111

00000101

00000101

11111111

01111001

01111000

255.255.255.248:

)*ample

Su-net *ddress = 1;213


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,roadcast Addresses )*ercise

Address Class Subnet Broadcast

201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248

Subnet Mask

15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0

128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252

153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128

,roadcast Addresses )*ercise


76/91

Answers

153.50.6.127

Address Class Subnet Broadcast

201.222.10.60 255.255.255.248 C 201.222.10.63201.222.10.56

Subnet Mask

15.16.193.6 255.255.248.0 A 15.16.199.25515.16.192.0

128.16.32.13 255.255.255.252 B 128.16.32.15128.16.32.12

153.50.6.27 255.255.255.128 B 153.50.6.0


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Switc! IP AddressCon+iguration

Assigns an address and subnet mask Starts IP processing on a switch

Switch(config)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask

Switch(config)#ip default-gateway ip-address

Specifies a default gateway


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(outer IP AddressCon+iguration

*ssigns an address and su-net mask Starts $ processing on a router interface

Router(config-if)#ip address ip-address subnet-mask


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(outer IP AddressCon+iguration

Router(config-line)#ip netmask-format

{bitcount | decimal | hexadecimal}

Sets format of network mask for aspecific line

Router#term ip netmask-format {bitcount|

decimal | hexadecimal}

Sets display format of network mask forcurrent session


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(outer IP #ost Names

&efines static !ost name to $ addressmapping

7osts%interfaces selecta-le -y name or $address

Router(config)#ip host name [tcp-port-number]

address [address]

ip host Norine 172.16.3.1 192.168.3.1

ip host Roger 172.16.4.3


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(outer Name ServerCon+iguration

Specifies one or more !osts t!atsupply!ost name to logical addressresolution

Router(config)#ip name-server server-address1[[server-address2]...[server-address6]]

DNS Server


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(outer Name System &NS ena-led -y default

Router(config)#ip domain-lookupRouter(config)#end

Router#pat

Translating pat"...domain server (255.255.255.255)

% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address

Router#config tRouter(config)#no ip domain-lookup

Router(config)#end

Router#pat

Translating pat"

% Unknown command or computer name, or unable to find computer address

Router#


83/91

(outer &isplay #ost Names

Router#show hosts

Default domain is not set

Name/address lookup uses domain service

Name servers are 255.255.255.255

Host Flags Age Type Address(es)

Norine (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.100.100Roger (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.100.101

Frank (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.200.200

Bob (perm, OK) 0 IP 172.16.200.201

Shows the host table


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0LAN to 0LAN Overview

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

ISL

10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2

Network layer devices combine multiple broadcast domains

Router ona stick

Application

TCP

IP

ISL

Ethernet

FastE0/0


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&ividing a P!ysical Inter+ace intoSuinter+aces

FastEthernet 0/0

FastEthernet 0/0.2FastEthernet 0/0.3

FastEthernet 0/0.1

Physical interfaces can be divided intomultiple subinterfaces


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ISL )ncapsulation

Ena-les S) on a su-interface

Router(config-subif)#encapsulation isl domain


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(outing ,etween 0LANs

VLAN 1 VLAN 2

ISL

interface fastethernet 0/0

no ip address

!interface fastethernet 0/0.1

ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

encapsulation isl 1

interface fastethernet 0/0.2

ip address 10.2.2.1 255.255.255.0encapsulation isl 2

FastE0/0

10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2


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(outing ,etween "ANS

ISL

interface Serial0ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0

Application

TCP

IPHDLC

Serial

S0

172.16.1.1 172.16.1.2VLAN 1 VLAN 2

10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2

0i l O1 ti


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0isual O1ective

core_ server

wg_sw_a10.1.1.10

wg_sw_l10.1.1.120

...

e0/1fa0/26(port A)

e0/1fa0/26

(port A)

fa0/1 fa0/12

fa0/24

core_sw_a

10.1.1.2

core_sw_b

10.1.1.4

fa0/12 fa0/1

fa0/13 fa0/13

fa0/27(port B)

fa0/27

(port B)

wg_pc_a

10.2.2.12

wg_pc_l

10.13.13.12

Core_ro

fa0/23

fa0/0

fa0/14fa0/14

VLAN2

VLAN13

SUBNET VLAN POD10.1.1.0 1 wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b10.2.2.0 2 wg_pc_a, core_server, core_ro10.3.3.0 3 wg_pc_b, core_server, core_ro10.4.4.0 4 wg_pc_c, core_server, core_ro

10.5.5.0 5 wg_pc_d, core_server, core_ro10.6.6.0 6 wg_pc_e, core_server, core_ro10.7.7.0 7 wg_pc_f, core_server, core_ro10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server, core_ro10.9.9.0 9 wg_pc_h, core_server, core_ro10.10.10.0 10 wg_pc_i, core_server, core_ro

10.11.11.0 11 wg_pc_j, core_server, core_ro

10.12.12.0 12 wg_pc_k, core_server, core_ro10.13.13.0 13 wg_pc_l, core_server, core_ro

SUBNET VLAN POD10.1.1.0 1 wg_ro_x, wg_sw_x, core_sw_a, core_sw_b10.2.2.0 2 wg_pc_a, core_server, core_ro10.3.3.0 3 wg_pc_b, core_server, core_ro10.4.4.0 4 wg_pc_c, core_server, core_ro

10.5.5.0 5 wg_pc_d, core_server, core_ro10.6.6.0 6 wg_pc_e, core_server, core_ro10.7.7.0 7 wg_pc_f, core_server, core_ro10.8.8.0 8 wg_pc_g, core_server, core_ro10.9.9.0 9 wg_pc_h, core_server, core_ro10.10.10.0 10 wg_pc_i, core_server, core_ro

10.11.11.0 11 wg_pc_j, core_server, core_ro

10.12.12.0 12 wg_pc_k, core_server, core_ro10.13.13.0 13 wg_pc_l, core_server, core_ro

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Summary *fter completing t!is c!apter> you s!ould

-e a-le to perform t!e following tasks., dentify t!e "#$%$ protocol stack and t!efunctions of eac! layer

, Separate an $ address into its su-components.

t!e network> su-net> and !ost portions, #onfigure $ addresses on #isco router andswitc! interfaces

, nterconnect ?)*Ns using a layer t!ree devicesuc! as a @router on a stickA

( i 2 ti


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(eview 2uestions

12 W!at is t!e difference -etween t!e "#$ and

U&$ transport layer protocolsB

2 Civen a !ost wit! $ address> 1;213 !ow many ot!er !osts can

you !ave in t!at networkBD2 W!at is required to interconnect separate

?)*NsB

tcp ip overview

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