tbrown core practicals

8/2/2019 TBrown Core Practicals

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Designing and WritingDesigning and WritingCore PracticalsCore Practicals

Designing and WritingDesigning and WritingCore PracticalsCore Practicals


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Index

Introduction

Implementing

Discussion

Planning

AnalysingSummary

Reference

Finishing off


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What are Core Practicals?

AS and A2 Compulsory practicals that you may be

asked questions on in a unit exam.

AS only Practical reports that are used to support

your practical review examination in thesummer.


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AS Core Practicals

1. How does caffeine effect of the heart rate of Daphnia?2. How does temperature effect membrane structure?3. How does enzyme concentration effect the reaction rate?4. How is gel electrophoresis used to separate DNA fragments?5. How can the stages of mitosis be observed practically?

6. How can gene expression be demonstrated by the induction of galactosidase?7. How strong are plant fibres?8. How can the antibacterial properties of plants be investigated?9. How can the effect of carbon dioxide levels on global warming

be investigated?10. How does temperature effect the hatch rate of brine shrimp?


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A2 Core Practicals

1. Describe how to carry out a study on theecology of a habitat.2. Describe how to investigate the effect of

different antibiotics on bacteria.

3. Describe how to investigate the effectsof exercise on tidal volume and breathingrate.

4. Describe how to investigate visualperception in humans.


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IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction


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Writing an Hypothesis

A simple testable statement. How will changing the independent

variable affect the dependant

variable?

Increasing the amount of chocolate given to Biology teachers increases the students grades.


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Writing a Null Hypothesis

Assumes that changing theindependent variable will have noeffect on the dependent variable.

Increasing the amount of chocolate given toBiology teachers does not increase the students grades.


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Rationale

Explain the background Biology anddiscuss the literature relevant to yourpractical.

Why are you doing this investigation?


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Planning yourPlanning yourexperimentexperiment

Planning yourPlanning yourexperimentexperiment


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Methods

Write clear instructions for yourexperiment.

The reader should be able to replicate your experiment.

Use bullet points for clarity.

Include Latin names, exact volumes,times, concentrations and units.


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Apparatus

What equipment will you use? Why have you chosen this equipment?

Do you know how to use all theequipment?


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What measurements will youtake?

Avoid changing more than one variableat a time.

How many readings will you take andwhy?

How many times will you repeat theexperiment and why?


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Variables

What is the Independent variable?How you will control it?

What is the Dependent variable? Howwill you measure it?


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Other Variables

What are they? How will you control or account for

them?


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Risk assessment and Ethics

What risks are there? How will you minimise the risks?

Are there any ethical issues toconsider?


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Implementing the planImplementing the planImplementing the planImplementing the plan


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Practical checklist

Are you working safely to minimiseany risks?

Are you using equipment correctly? Do you need to modify your plan?


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Collecting Results

Record the raw results in anappropriate table as you do thepractical.

Have you recorded the units?


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Analysing the resultsAnalysing the resultsAnalysing the resultsAnalysing the results


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Results table

Use clear and concise columnheadings.

Include the units in the columnheadings.

Record your data accurately.


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Summary Results

If you have lots of data you cansummarise the data in a new table.

Calculate mean values. Calculate rates of reactions.


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Graphs

Read the skills support sheet. Label the axis and write the units.

Plot the data carefully. Include a key if necessary. Write a title or legend to explain the

graph.


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DiscussionDiscussionDiscussionDiscussion


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Identifying patterns

What patterns are shown in theresults?

Use data to support yourobservations?

Explain with relevant biology, why did you get these results?


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Was your hypothesis correct?

Do your results support yourhypothesis?


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Validity and Errors

How valid are your results? What systematic errors were there?

What random errors were there?


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Limitations in procedure

What limitations were there in yourmethod?

How could you realistically modify your method to improve your results?


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SummarySummarySummarySummary


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Write a summary

Write a paragraph to summarise yourexperiment.

What did you investigate? What trends did you identify in your

results? What did you conclude?


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ReferencesReferencesReferencesReferences


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Write a reference list

Record all the text books, websitesand journals you have used in yourreport.

See the skills sheet


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Finishing offFinishing offFinishing offFinishing off


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Check your report

Proof read your report. Spell check your report.

Check all units are appropriate. Use Skills sheets to check your work. Have you used appropriate sub

headings?


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