Kanokorn Rueangsawang & Pranom ChantaranothaiApplied Taxonomic Research Center, Department of Biology,

Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

Acknowledgements The author thanks the curators and staff for their facilities, Mr P. Polsena for the photos. This work was supported by the TRF/BIOTEC Special Program for Biodiversity Research and Training, grant BRT R_151001 and the Applied Taxonomic Research Center, Khon Kaen University.

INTRODUCTION

References Airy Shaw, H.K. 1973. A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, 8th . Cambridge University Press.

De Jussieu, A.L., 1789. Genera Plantarum. Herissant & Barrois, Paris Diane, N, Forther, H. and Hilger, H.H. 2002. A systematic analysis of Heliotropium, Tournefortia and allied taxa of the Heliotropiaceae (Boraginales) based on ITS1 sequences and morphological data. American Journal of Botany 89: 287-295. Heywood, V.H., Brummitt, R.K, Culham, A. and Seberg, O. 2007. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Oxford University Press.Hutchinson, J. 1969. Evolution and phylogeny of flowering plants. Academic Press, London. Reidl, H. 1997. Boraginaceae. Flora Malesiana, Series I, 13: 43-144.Ruengsawang, K. & Chantaranothai, P. 2009. A revision of Boraginaceae subfamily Boraginoideae in Thailand. Thai Journal of Botany 1(2): 29-41. Schrader, H.A. 1819. Commentations societatis regiae scientiarum gottingensis recentiores 4: 192.

The taxonomy of the Thai Boraginaceae has been revised for the flora of Thailand. A total of 12 genera are recognized

comprising 41 species. The genus Argusia, Carmona, Coldenia, Maharanga, Onosma and Rotula are represented by one species each. Twelve species are enumerated in Cordia, three in Cynoglossum, five in Ehretia, seven in Heliotropium, and four species each in Tournefortia and Trichodesma. Two species, Maharanga lycopsioides and Onosma burmanica are categorised as rare species restricted on limestone mountains in northern Thailand.

Thai BoraginaceaeTaxonomy of

Heliotropium

Cynoglossum

Maharanga Onosma

Trichodesma

Cordia

Tournefortia

Carmona

ColdeniaEhretia

Rotula

Boraginoideae

Argusia

12

6

64

3

6

2

6 3

6

2

1 2

2

style gynobasic

style terminal

style bifid

style twice

style simple

fruit a drupe

fruit of nutlet

= habit

= inflorescence

= flower

= stamens

= style

= fruit6

5

4

3

2

1

Figure 2. Interrelationships of genera in Thai Boraginaceae.

Similar in

Delimitation of Boraginaceae

Figures 1. Boraginaceae in Thailand.

In 1789 Antonine Laurent de Jussieu published a plant

classification system, Genera plantarum. He classified 28

genera into three different groups based on the following

characteristics; berry-like fruits, one or two-locular capsules

and four separate nutlets. In 1819 Schrader established a

segregate family Heliotropiaceae including the genera

Heliotropium and Tournefortia. Further, Airy Shaw (1973)

divided the family Boraginaceae into Heliotropioideae and

Boraginoideae and accepted a separate family, Ehretiaceae.

Many authors such as Hutchinson (1969), Heywood (1993) and

Riedl (1997) regard as separate families. Diane et al. (2002)

accepted Heliotropiaceae as a separate family based on

molecular and morphological study.

The present study, Boraginaceae in Thailand is regarded as

a family consisting of four subfamilies and 12 genera based

mainly on gynoecium characters; Cordioideae (Cordia L.),

Ehretioideae (Carmona Cav., Coldenia L., Ehretia P. Browne,

Rotula Lour.), Heliotropioideae (Heliotropium L. and

Tournefortia L.) and Boraginoideae (Cynoglossum L.

Maharanga A. DC., Onosma L. and Trichodesma R. Br.)

(Ruengsawang & Chantaranothai, 2009).

Sunday, December 11, 2011