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Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY

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Page 1: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

TAXONOMY

Page 2: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things.

Why classify?

How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million, but It’s Trickyhttp://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/science/30species.html

Page 3: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

1st Classification System

Aristotle 384-322 BC

Two Groups:Plants Animals

Grouped by size Grouped by habitat

herbs shrubs trees air land water

Page 4: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

Carolus Linnaeus 1707-1778

All organisms should be classified using the same criteria.

Used Homologous Structures to classify.

Still use many of his groupings today.

Page 5: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

Classification HierarchyClassification Group:

Domain General characteristics in common

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species Specific characteristics in common

Page 6: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

Kingdom Animalia

Phylum Cordata (vertebrates)

Class Mammalia (mammals)

Order Cetacea

Family Balaenopteridae

Genus Megaptera

Species novaeangliae

Page 7: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

SPECIES DEFINITION:Two organisms are members of the same species if they meet all of the following criteria:

1. Successful mating in a

2. Natural environment (which excludes labs, farms, zoos or anything that humans interfere with that is not “natural”).

3. Producing viable (healthy, strong, able to survive to adult stage) offspring which are themselves

4. Fertile (that is, capable of producing sperm or eggs and producing offspring of the parents)

Page 8: Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY - Duxbury Public Schools / …€¦ · Taxonomy Notes TAXONOMY- Science of classifying living things. Why classify? How Many Species? A Study Says 8.7 Million,

Taxonomy Notes

Binomial Nomenclature* Two word latin naming system that produces the scientific name of an organism.

* Taxonomists don't like scientific names. Why?

* Scientific names are created using the Genus group and the Species group.

Grammar Rules:Genus group is capitalized, species group lower case.

Both words underlined , italicized, or boldified.

Homo sapien or Homo sapien or Homo sapien