taxonomy and distribution of opuntia and related genera · desert botanical garden donald pinkava...
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Taxonomy and Distribution
of Opuntia and Related Genera
Raul PuenteDesert Botanical Garden
Donald PinkavaArizona State University
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Subfamily Opuntioideae
Ca. 350 spp.13-18 generaVery wide distribution (Canada to Patagonia)
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Morphological consistency
Glochids
Bony arils
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AustrocylindropuntiaBrasiliopuntiaConsoleaCumulopuntiaCylindropuntiaGrusoniaCorynopuntiaMicropuntiaMaihueniopsisMiqueliopuntiaOpuntiaNopaleaPereskiopsisPterocactusQuiabentiaTacingaTephrocactusTunilla
AustrocylindropuntiaBrasiliopuntiaConsoleaCumulopuntiaCylindropuntiaGrusoniaMaihueniopsisMiqueliopuntiaOpuntiaNopaleaPereskiopsisPterocactusQuiabentiaTacingaTephrocactusTunilla
GrusoniaMaihueniaNopaleaOpuntiaPereskiopsisPterocactusTacinga
Generic Boundaries
Britton and Rose, 1919 -- Seven genera
Anderson, 2001 -- 15 genera
Hunt, 2006--18 genera
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Wallace, 2002
Classification:
Family: Cactaceae
Subfamily: MaihuenioideaePereskioideaeCactoideaeOpuntioideae
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OpuntiaNopaleaConsoleaTacingaBrasiliopuntiaTunillaMiqueliopuntiaCylindropuntiaGrusoniaGrusonia pulchellaPereskiopsisAustrocylindropuntiaQuiabentiaCumulopuntiaTephrocactusPterocactusMaihueniopsis
CactoideaeMaihuenioideae
Pereskia aculeataPereskia grandifloraTalinum
Opuntioideae
95
Griffith, P. 2002nrITS
Pereskiodeae
Portulacaceae
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Origin and Dispersal
Andean Region(Wallace and Dickie, 2002)
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Cylindropuntia
Cylindropuntia tesajo
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Cylindropuntia thurberi(Engelmann) F. M. Knuth
Cylindropuntia cholla (Weber) F. M. Knuth
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Potential overlapping areas between the Opuntia and the moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, in North America
Orange Orange andand yellowyellow lineslines:: Similar Similar ecologicalecological areasareas forfor thethe mothmoth
AreasAreas in blue:in blue: SpeciesSpeciesaccumulationaccumulation ofof OpuntiaOpuntia
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Caribbean Region and Florida9 species
Consolea Lemaire
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Consolea corallicola Small
Florida Keys
Endangered
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Genus Nopalea Salm-Dyck
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Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck
Near Valles, San Luis Potosi, Mexico.
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Distribution of Nopalea spp
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Nopalea gaumeri Rose
Yucatan Peninsula
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Nopalea spp in the Yucatan Peninsula
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Nopalea dejecta Salm-Dyck
a. Valles, San Luis Potosi, Mexico b. Sierra Soconusco, Chiapasc. Nenton, Guatemala
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Nopalea lutea Rose
Guatemala to Costa Rica
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Nopalea hondurensis (P.C. Standley) R. Puente
Honduras
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About 80-120 speciesOpuntia (L.) Miller
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var. engelmannii var. lindheimeri var. linguiformis
Opuntia rastrera Weber
Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck
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Opuntia engelmannii
a. var. engelmannii 66b. var. lindheimeri 66c. var. linguiformis 66d. var. flavispina 66e. var. flexispina?var. cuija 22var. rastrera?
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Opuntia polyacantha
polyacanthaerinaceaenicholliihistricina
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Southwest US:
Opuntia basilarisAZ and CA.
Opuntia gosselinianaArizona and Sonora, Mexico
Opuntia oricolaCalifornia Opuntia santa-rita
Arizona
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Opuntia streptacantha“Nopal Cardon”
Central Mexico
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Opuntia piliferaOpuntia piliferaPuebla and OaxacaMexico
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Tuna ReynaO. ficus-indicaSan Luis Potosi
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Opuntia stricta(O. dillenii)(O. inermis)
Sisal, Yucatan
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Opuntia strictaSanta Clara, Yucatan
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Sonora and ChihuahuaTo Hidalgo
Opuntia robusta Wendland
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Opuntia puberula Pfeiffer
Sonora, Mexico to Costa Rica
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Opuntia stenopetala Engelm.
Mexico: Coahuila to Hidalgo and Queretaro
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•Male or female flower(dioecious)
•Pollen 6-periporate
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O. megarhiza Rose
San Luis Potosi
Endangered
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Opuntia sulphurea G. Don
Northern Argentina
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Tacinga Britton & Rose
6 speciesEasthern Brazil
T. palmadora (Britton & Rose) Stuppy & N. P. Taylor T. funalis
Britton & Rose
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Brasiliopuntia (K. Schumann) A. Berger1 species
Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) Berger
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Tunilla Hunt & Illif
Tunilla corrugata (Salm-Dyck) Hunt & Illif
Tunilla soherensii (Britton & Rose) Hunt & Illif
9 speciesPeru, Chile to Argentina
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Hybrids:
Opuntia xandersoni(O. engelmanni var. cuija x
O. microdasys
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Putative Interspecific Hybridization in Opuntia spp
humifusa
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Putative Interspecific Hybridization in Cylindropuntia spp
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Hybridization: Intergeneric Hybrids
Opuntia stricta x Nopalea dejecta
Opuntia xacaulisHaiti
(Consolea nashii x Opuntia stricta)
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Summary:
•Taxa immune to Cactoblastis may provide a methodology to prevent damage to susceptiblespecies
•Nopalea, Consolea and Opuntia appear to be the most susceptible genera.•
•Species found along tropical and semi-tropical regions may be more susceptible.
•Numerous taxa are still poorly known as far as distribution, delimitation, ploidy level, etc.
•Several species complexes still require more study into their genetic relations.
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