Taste and olfaction

Morfology and embryology

Organum gustatorium Taste apparatus

Gemma gustatoria (Caliculus gustatorius) = taste bud

Porus gustatorius

Tongue, soft palate, valeculae, epiglottis

Taste pathway – 3 neurons

Gemma gustatoriataste bud

Development during 11. – 13. week Cells penetrate from chorda tympani, n. IX, and n.

X Reaction with fastened swallowing and mimics

(26.týden)Three types of cells – totally 100 - 150 taste cells. (epiteliocytus gustatorius) – microvilli 3 types of cells

Secondary receptors (type I) Epitheliocytus sensorius gustatorius type II and III

Supportive cells (epiteliocytus sustenans) basal cells (epiteliocytus basalis) – type IV

Gustus = taste

Basic tastesweet, salty, bitter, sour, umami

(sodium glutamate)other (fat)

Each bud percieves all tastesLocated on p. vallate, foliate and

fungiformae

Projection → ascending → Sensorytaste path

3 – neuronal path1. neuron:

Soft pallate nn. palatini minores ganglion pterygopalatinum (! w/o interpolation !) n. petrosus major ganglion geniculi n. intermedius nucleus tractus solitarii

ventral 2/3 tongue (= dorsum linguae) n. lingualis chorda tympani n. intermedius nucleus tractus solitarii

dorsal 1/3 tongue (= radix linguae) n. IX ganglion inf. et sup. n. IX nucleus tractus solitarii

epiglottis, aditus laryngis n. X ganglion inf. et sup. n. X. nucleus tractus solitarii

2. neuron: nucleus tractus solitarri thalamus (nucleus ventralis posteromedialis), to motor nuclei of cn, RF

3. neuron: thalamus brain cortex /lobus parietalis - area 43, gyrus postcentralis/ and anterior insulay, gyrus parahippocampalis and habenula

ncl. parabrachialis limbic cortex of telencephalon (shortcut bypass thalamus)

Organum oflactoriumČichové ústrojí

čichová sliznice v nosní dutiněstrop, horní skořepa a stěny

5 cm2

čichový epitel

čichová dráha (n.I)

6-8 cilias, 107 bipolar neurons, regio

olfactoria=4-6 cm2

Olfactory epithelium

cca 13. – 15. week – differentiation of epitheliumFour types of cells Basal cells (Epitheliocytus basalis) Unmature cells („globose cells“) Mature cells (Epitheliocytus neurosensorius olfactorius) –

cilie, axon Primary receptor

Supportive cells (Epitheliocytus sustenans) – nuclei apically

Olfactory glands – Bowman Serous secret, odorant-binding protein, IgA

Preparát 96 / A1

Pheromonal substances in male (better known)

Androstenol – create sexual appetite in femaleAndrostenol is brought down by axillary Corynebacterium to androstenon that is aversive (urea)Androstenon – creates sexual aversion in females

Pheromones in female?

Androstadion? 5 ovulatory fatty acids? (release during ovulation)Evidence:Synchro females cycles and its higher frequency if living together(In Berlin center for human etology)

Projection → ascending → SensoryOlfactory path

2 - neurons

1. neuron: neuroepithelial cells in pars olfactoria cavitatis nasi fila olfactoria pass via lamina cribrosa ossis etmoidalis into skull cavity

2. neuron: mitral cells in bulbus olactorius tractus olfactorius trigonum olfactorium gyri olfactorii med. et lat. (= former stria) two principal direction:

limbic system - corpus amygdaloideum + lobus temporalis (uncus gyri parahippocampalis, area entorhinalis /area 28/, periamygdalar cortex, prepiriform cortex) and from here to hypothalamus and insula

nuclues mediodorsalis thalami - orbitofrontal cortex /area 11, (12,47)/