task analysis tools
DESCRIPTION
Task Analysis Tools. Risk Factors Ergonomic Body Divisions. Review the Basics. Force Frequency Posture Duration Contact Stress Environment Vibration. Risk Factors. Upper Extremity Lower Extremity Trunk. Ergonomic Body Division. Use OSHA 200/300 logs Accident Reports - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Task Analysis Tools
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Risk Factors
• Ergonomic Body Divisions
Review the Basics
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Force
• Frequency
• Posture
• Duration
• Contact Stress
• Environment
• Vibration
Risk Factors
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Upper Extremity
• Lower Extremity
• Trunk
Ergonomic Body Division
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Use OSHA 200/300 logs
• Accident Reports
• Workman’s Compensation info
• Employee Surveys
• Visual Cues
Recognizing a WMSD Problem
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Body Part Discomfort Form and Rating Scale
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• A narrative, quantitative and/or checklist system that provides a standardized evaluation of a job/task
• Tools based on biomechanical and physiological information compiled and calculated providing a relative risk of injury probability
• Can be specific for body region and/or risk factors
What is a Task Analysis Tool
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Provide guidance• Where to begin corrective actions• Helps direct efforts toward specific body
division, risk factors
• Involve employees• Employees can perform assessments
• Provide a level of measurement• Shows improvement of tasks• Baseline data
Why do we need these tools?
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Two criteria for use:
• What are you trying to find out?• General vs. Specific information
• What limitations must be considered?• Various tools are only able to assess
specific body regions
How do we use them?
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Checklists
• Easy to use
• Less time consuming
• Minimal training
• Very sensitive: One check, task must be considered
Types of Analysis Tools
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Types of Analysis ToolsQuantitative
• Less sensitive
• More specific training
• Provide a relative risk assessment
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Types of Analysis ToolsNarrative
• More formal training and experience required
• Provides specific areas for improvement
• Very time consuming
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Washington State Checklist (WISHA)
• NIOSH
• University of Michigan
Checklists
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Checklist system that identifies “caution or hazard zone jobs”
• Incorporates each of the risk factors including vibration and contact stress
• Has separate evaluation for heavy, frequent or awkward lifting
• Uses verbal cues to guide user through evaluation criteria
• Not generally left or right side independent
WISHA
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Does address combination of risk factors
• Great “first cut” ergonomic tool
• Draw Backs• High sensitivity: identify many jobs• Doesn’t separate frequency component
by body part
WISHA
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• 3 basic sections• Entire body checklist• Lifting hazard section• Vibration hazard analysis
• Entire body checklist• Identify if a particular hazard exist as a
result of a risk factor for a body part• If a hazard exists then corrective action
is needed
Using WISHA
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Lifting hazard analysis
• Calculated weight limit is adjusted by:
• Compares the actual weight lifted to a calculated weight limit
• Actual weight lifted > Weight limit = Hazard exists
Using WISHA
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Vibration hazard analysis
• Compares the time an employee uses the machine to a pre-measured vibration value
• Plot time vs. vibration data on graph
• Intersection point indicates degree of hazard
• Vibration data: www.lni.wa.gov/wisha/ergo
Using WISHA
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Job Strain Index
• Rapid Upper Limb Assessment
• ACGIH Threshold Limit Value – HAL
• Rapid Entire Body Assessment
• Rodgers Muscle Fatigue Analysis
• Snook Push/Pull Hazard Tables
Quantitative Tools
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Only evaluates hand, wrist and elbow (distal upper extremity)
• Assess task based on posture, frequency and force
• FORCE driven
• Doesn’t consider vibration or contact stress
• Index based on a relative risk (1-1053)• 7 considered hazardous
Job Strain Index
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Can assess right and left sides independently as well as worst case
• Used in meat packing, small part assembly, keyboarding and other highly repetitive hand motions
Job Strain Index
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Intensity of exertions (force)
• Duration of Exertion (% cycle)
• Efforts per minute
• Hand/wrist posture
• Speed of work
• Duration of task per day
Strain Index Elements
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Assign a value for each of the 6 elements
• Multiply each element = strain index
• Compare calculated value to decision threshold provided
• Decision Threshold• <3 safe• 3-5 uncertain• 5-7 some risk• >7 hazardous
Using the Job Strain Index
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
JHA/Work Methods
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Videotaping Tips
• Announce the name of the job on the tape
• Tape 5 to 10 minutes for each task
• At least 3-4 cycles
• Start with whole body shots and then zoom in on problems areas
• Try different angles to get the best shot
JHA/Work Methods
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Step 1: Breaking The Job Down
• List each step in order of occurrence
• Be sure to record enough information
• Can use Gilbreth’s terms to describe steps
• Can use video or photos
JHA/Work Methods
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
• Search• Select• Grasp• Reach• Move• Hold• Position• Inspect
• Assemble• Disassemble• Use• Unavoidable Delay• Avoidable Delay• Plan• Rest to overcome
fatigue
Gilbreth’s Table of Work Elements
JHA/Work Methods
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Step 2: Identify the Hazards
• Look for Risk Factors in each job
• Repeat the job observation until all hazards identified• Video and photos can be especially helpful
• Consider abnormal activities and conditions
JHA/Work Methods
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
Step 3: New Procedure or Protection
• Can the job be performed in another way?
• Can you make physical changes to the job?
• Does the job have to be performed? Can it be done less often?
JHA/Work Methods
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
ERGONOMICS :: TRAIN-THE-TRAINER PROGRAM :: TASK ANALYSIS TOOLS
What does the worker need to know from this presentation?