Targets and Spiralsin an Excitable BZ medium

spirals and fibrillation in cardiac tissue

Simple waves may break due to local reduced excitability:

ischemia

infarction

scarring

actually 3D structures - scrollscanine heart

L. Glass, Physics Today, August 1996

2D waves on neuronal tissue

Spreading depression wave in chicken retina

(Brand et al., Int. J. Bifurc. Chaos, 1997)

Ca2+ waves

intra- and inter-cellular waves

airway epithelialcells

(Sneyd et al. FASEB J. 1995)