tarek a. tutunji philadelphia university, jordan · 2021. 3. 1. · verb tense know when to use...

Dr. Tarek A. TutunjiEngineering Skills, Philadelphia University

Tarek A. Tutunji

Philadelphia University, Jordan


Constructing Powerful Paragraphs Maintain logical linkage

Use linkage words such as therefore and but.

Maintain focus

Tie new information to old information

Maintain parallelism

Use same structure in sentences and lists


Transitional wordsRelationship between Transitional word/phrase

Sentences/paragraphs

Comparison similarly

Cause and Effect therefore

Contrast but; however

Sequence first; second; finally

Addition and; also

Example for example

Classification partly

Relative importance most importantly


Similar (but not) Words Effect (noun): result

Example: The effect of high-intensity noise is ear damage.

Effect (verb): to cause

Example: High-intensity noise effects ear damage.

Affect (verb): to act upon

Example: High-intensity noise affects the cochlea.


Similar (but not) Words Fewer: used in integers

Example: We sold fewer automobiles.

Less: used with real numbers or uncountable things

Example: The company had less income than last year.


Similar (but not) Words i.e. : that is to say

Example: Engineers are well-paid; i.e., their salary is high.

e.g. : for example

Example: A mechanical engineer must take technical courses (e.g., heat transfer, fluid flow, design).


Similar (but not) Words Principle (noun): a rule or law

Example: Keep It Simple is a basic engineering principle.

Principal (adjective): most important

Example: Mario is the principle investigator for the project.


Similar (but not) Words It’s: it is

Example: It’s raining outside.

Its: possessive

Example: Its engine overheated.


Similar (but not) Words There: that place

Example: There is the knife.

Their: relating to them

Example: Their report is on the table.


Similar (but not) Words Lose: to misplace

Example: Do not lose that screw.

Loose: not tight

Example: The nut is loose.


Similar (but not) Words Since: from a time in the past until now

Example: Since the first made tool, there were engineers.

Because: for the reason that

Example: Because the heating element failed, the oven could not maintain the desired temperature.


Equations Separate equations from text.

Number the equations.

Leave white space

Using Kirchof’s law, the voltage equation becomes:

cVdt

diLRiV (2.1)

Note that the voltage is proportional to the current


Numbers When to use numbers as digits or as written through

examples:

The current reads 5 Amperes.

Section 6 shows the simulation results.

Table 2 presents the data.

We sold 120 valves today.

We sold eight valves today.

It took me two days to study for the exam.


Subject / Verb Agreement The telescope and associated hardware are the major

tools of astronomers.

Cats and dogs are domestic animals.

Either scientists or engineers are going to fly on the shuttle.

Research and Development is the main activity.

Each nut and screw is made of titanium.

Neither of the animals is alive.

The engineering staff is getting a raise.


Miscellaneous Issues Verb tense

First person

Capitalization

Italics

Articles

Figures and Tables

Lists

Spelling

References

Consistency


Verb TenseKnow when to use past, present, or future tense. Be consistent

Present Figure 3 shows that cost increases with time.

Past The experiment was performed in the lab.

Future The circuit will be implemented next semester.


First PersonThe use of the first person is discouraged.

Avoid We studied the combustion engine.

Use The combustion engine was studied.


CapitalizationOnly proper nouns are capitalized

I want to become a mechanical engineer.Visit the Mechanical Engineering Department.

You are required to visit the president of the company.Our new leader is President John Doe.

The procedure has five steps.In this procedure, Step 1 should be altered.

The reactor has 10 valves.Cooling water is introduced by opening Valve A.


Figures and TablesFigures and tables must be described and referenced in the text.

Figures and tables must be numbered.

Figures and tables must have a title.


Figure 1. System block diagram


Figure 2. Network response vs. model response


SystemsPoles and Zeros

Poles Zeros

Original0.9178

-0.4126 + 0.6364i-0.4126 - 0.6364i

-1.33090.5745

Approximated0.9400

-0.4243 + 0.6688i-0.4243 - 0.6688i

-1.37680.5613

Table 1. Pole and zeros locations


SpellingCheck the spelling using “Tools Spelling” before you

finalize your work.


ReferencesReferences should be listed at end of report.

References should be numbered.

Use a standard for citing references.

When used in text, refer to their number

Example

[1] W. Mifflin and R. Jones. Engineering Design, New York. McGraw-Hill (1978), pp.32-78.

[2] T. Kara and I. Eker. Nonlinear modeling and identification of a DC motor for bidirectional operation with real time experiments. Energy Conversion and Management 45 (2004) 1087-1106

tarek a. tutunji philadelphia university, jordan · 2021. 3. 1. · verb tense know when to use...

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