tanamedrove teqnologiebi ucxouri enis kurikulumsi ... · ert-ert seminarze arinisna:...

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iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

ganaTlebis mecnierebebi

taras SavSiSvili

Tanamedrove teqnologiebi ucxouri enis kurikulumSi

(pedagogikuri, zogaddidaqtikuri da politikuri aspeqtebi)

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis ganaTlebis

mecnierebebis doqtoris (Ph.D) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

d i s e r t a c i a

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: pedagogikis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

profesori Tamaz karanaZe

Tbilisi

2009

avtoris stili daculia

2

Sinaarsi

Sesavali -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

Tavi I. ganaTlebis politika plurilingvizmTan

mimarTebaSi ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

$1. plurilingvizmis raoba, misi politikuri

da pedagogikuri aspeqtebi ---------------------------------------------------- 6

$2.Pplurilingvizmis politikur-kulturuli

da zogaddidaqtikuri aspeqtebi ------------------------------------------- 10

Tavi II. ucxouri enis kurikulumis pedagogikuri

da politikuri aspeqtebi ------------------------------------------------ 27

$1. kurikulumis gageba Tanamedrove ganaTlebis sistemaSi ----- 27

$2. ucxouri enis kurikulumis politikuri aspeqtebi ------------- 34

$3. ucxouri enis kurikulumis pedagogikuri aspeqtebi ----------- 41

Tavi III. ucxouri enis kurikulumis

zogaddidaqtikuri aspeqtebi ----------------------------------------- 46

$1. komunikacia kurikulumSi ------------------------------------------------------- 46

$2. Sefasebis sistema -------------------------------------------------------------------- 54

$3. ucxouri enis swavlebis pedagogikuri,

zogaddidaqtikuri da didaqtikuri aspeqtebi ----------------------- 70

daskvna -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 103

terminologiuri leqsikoni --------------------------------------------------------- 108

bibliografia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 117

danarTebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 120

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Sesavali

evropa da evrosabWoSi Semavali wevri saxelmwifoebi

mravalenovania. es ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia, romelic am sivrceSi

saerTo politikas gansazRvravs. saganmanaTleblo politika saerTo

politikis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia. misi erT-erTi upirvelesi

mizania evropul sazogadoebaSi demokratiuli, moqalaqeobrivi

cnobierebis Camoyalibeba.

EenaTa da kulturaTa Tanaarseboba kacobriobis istoriaSi axali

movlena ar aris. Mmagram, Tanamedrove samyaroSi es Tanaarseboba

manamde arnaxuli siswrafiTa da masStabiT viTardeba. Kkidev erTi

ram, rasac ar icnobdnen wina epoqebi, masobrivi informaciis

saSualebebia. Aam ori movlenis Tanxvedram warmoqmna saSiSroeba,

romelic emuqreba kulturaTa, tradiciaTa, cnobierebaTa

TviTmyofadobas: abstraqtuli universalizmisa Tu maxinjad gagebuli

kosmopolitizmis saxeliT yvelas da yvelafris gaerTgvarovneba. Aam

saSiSroebisgan Tavdacvam, Tavis mxriv, warmoSva meore saSiSroeba:

karCaketili partikularizmi. Oorive pozicia erT sawyisze dgas_ ara-

mes, ucxos, gansxvavebuli TviTmyofadobis arcnoba, araRiareba (5).

rogor gavxadoT SesaZlebeli TviTmyofadobaTa simravlis

harmoniuli Tanaarseboba erT sivrceSi? Aam kiTxvas evrosabWo

plurilingvizmis danergva-ganviTarebiT pasuxobs. Ees mimarTuleba

evropaSi ramdenime wlis win gamoikveTa.

Cvenma qveyanam dasavluri socialur-politikuri mimarTuleba

airCia. ramac saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistema axali moTxovnebis

winaSe daayena. swored amitom, Cveni naSromis kvlevis obieti

saganmanaTleblo sistemaa, xolo kvlevis sagani ultraTanamedrove

pedagogouri mimarTuleba plurilingvizmi da saganmanaTleblo

kurikulumi, rogorc aRzrdis nebismieri ideis ganxorcielebis

saSualeba.

Cveni qveynis polieTnikuri mosaxleoba da separatizmisa da

konfliqtebis kerebi metad saWirosa da aqtualurs xdis

plurilingvizmis ideas mimdinare epoqis saqarTvelosaTvis.K

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Cvens mier Catarebuli kvlevebi miznad isaxavs dasavluri

saganmanaTleblo sistemis Teoriuli Tu praqtikuli masalebis

moZiebas, maT, SeZlebisdagvarad, saqarTvelos sinamdvileze morgebas,

eqsperimentirebas da garkveuli rekomendaciebis SemuSavebas, romelic

Tavis mcired wvlils Seitans plurilingvizmis ideis

ganxorcielebisa da kurikulumis ganviTarebis saqmeSi.

Kkvlevas da Tavad kvlevis sagans meTodologiur safuZvlad udevs

filosofia: plurilingvizmis idea gajerebulia filosofiuri

pragmatizmisa da idealizmis safuZvlebiT. Pplurilingvizmi, erTis

mxriv, Tavisi pragmatuli safuZvlebiT, marTlac, Cveni epoqis

TvalsaCino produqtia. igi adamianuri resursis rentabelurad

gamoyenebis saSualebas iZleva; iZleva profesiuli Tu individualuri

mobilurobis safuZvels. Mmeores mxriv, plurilingvizmis Teoria

exmaureba “axali ierusalimis” ideas, ideas platonis

“saxelmwifosi”, rusTavelis ideas “Txa da mgeli erTad sZovdes”, anu

ideas, erTa, kulturaTa, aRmsareblobaTa harmoniuli Tanaarsebobisa.

P

plurilingvizmis politikuri da pedagogikuri datvirTvis Sesaxeb

pirvel TavSi vsaubrobT, sadac, aseve, misi saswalo-aRmzrdelobiT

procesSi efeqturad danergvis SesaZleblobebsac ganvixilavT.P

plurilingvizmi, rasakvirvelia, wina planze ayenebs

Tanasworuflebianobis princips, rac, Tavis mxriv, xelmisawvdomobis

principsac gulisxmobs. Ees Tema naSromis im nawilebSia gaSlili,

sadac saxelmwifo kurikulumis politikaze vsaubrobT.

saxelmwifo saganmanaTleblo kurikulumi aris dokumenti,

romelmac unda uzrunvelyos qveynis ganaTlebis koordinacia.

naSromis meore TavSi mimoxilulia kurikulumis warmoSoba, misi idea,

misi mimarTeba centalizebul da decentralizebul sistemebTan.

Aaseve, ganxilulia kurikulumis politikuri da pedagogikuri

aspeqtebi plurilingvizmis WrilSi. vinaidan plurilingvizmis

ganxorcielebis saqmeSi erTerTi wamyvani saganmanaTleblo dargi

ucxouri enaa, Cven, swored, ucxouri enis kurikulumis kvleva

davisaxeT miznad.

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plurilingvisturi cnobiereba aRzrdis pricesSi viTardeba, xolo

aRzrda uSualodaa dakavSirebuli adamianis fsiqologiur

procesebTan. amdenad, naSromSi xSirad viyenebT fsiqologiur

elementebs.

ramdenadac, Tema ganaTlebis politikasac exeba, naSromSi, aseve,

politikis Teorias viyenebT.

Kkvlevis meTodebia dakvirveba da eqsperimenti. kvlevisa da

SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis Sedegad Cvens mier Seiqmna araerTi

saganmanaTleblo produqti, romelTa erTi nawili dainerga kidec

saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom naSromis aqtualoba Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare

ganaTlebis reformas exmianeba. reformis kvaldakval ganaTlebis

sistemaSi Tanamedrove teqnologiebi inergeba. skolebi sruliad

axali, gansakuTrebuli moTxovnebis winaSe dganan. Cven SevecadeT

naSromSi gangvexila dasavluri saganmanaTleblo sivrcis zogierTi

movlena, romelic Cvens qveyanaSi danergvis procesSia. naSromis mesame

TavSi SevecadeT dagvenaxa skolis saswavlo-aRmzrdelobiTi

moRvaweobis is elementebi, romlebic uSualod maswavleblis

praqtikul saqmianobas exeba. vTvliT, aRniSnuli naSromi sasikeTod

waadgebaT pedagogikuri mecnierebis warmomadgenlebs da pedagogebs,

romelTac surT Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo teqnologiebis

aTviseba da sagakveTilo procesSi danergva.

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Tavi I. ganaTlebis politika plurilingvizmTan

mimarTebaSi

$ 1. plurilingvizmis raoba, misi politikuri da pedagogikuri

aspeqtebi

1.1 multilingvizmi da plurilingvizmi

evrosabWos lingvistur politikaze momuSave seqtoris daskvniT,

enobrivi mravalsaxeoba erTmaneTisagan Tvisobrivad gansxvavebul or

fenomens Seicavs. Ees gaxlavT “multilingvizmi” da “plurilingvizmi”.

_ multilingvizmi aris movlena, rodesac garkveul geografiul

zonaSi erTze meti salaparako ena an dialeqti funqcionirebs. AaseT

geografiul zonaSi mcxovreb moqalaqeTa garkveul jgufs SeiZleba

mxolod erT enaze metyveleba SeeZlos.

_ plurilingvizmi ewodeba movlenas, rodesac adamianebs mraval

enaze laparaki SeuZliaT. MmaSasadame es aris monolingvizmis

(erTenovnebis) sawinaaRmdego movlena. Pplurilingvizmi sxva enebTan

erTad mSobliur enasac moicavs (36).

Aamrigad, multilingvizmi moiazreba, rogorc geografiuli

fenomeni, xolo plurilingvizmi _ socialuri maxasiaTebeli.

Pplurilingvisturi kompetencia kompleqsuri xasiaTisaa. is

sxvadasxva informaciis damokidebulebebisa da unar-CvevaTa nakrebia.

igi individisgan ramdenime enis codnas da am gziT mopovebul

saTanado kulturul gamocdilebas moiTxovs (37).

plurilingvizmi, rasakvirvelia, uwyveti ganaTlebiT xasiaTdeba.

igi pirovnebaSi mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi viTardeba. individi

Seiswavlis enebs da SeiZens kulturul kompetenciebs sicocxlis

sxvadasxva momentSi, sxvadasxva saWiroebisa Tu miznis mixedviT.

Sesabamisad, plurilingvizmi, ara mxolod saSualo da umaRles

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saskolo sistemebze, aramed uwyveti ganaTlebis instituciebzec

vrceldeba. amasTanave misi koncefcia damoukidebeli moZraobis

farTo saSualebebs gvTavazobs: ”Cveni mizania evropelebs SevTavazoT

iseTi xerxebi, romelTa saSualebiTac isini SeZleben gaxdnen

plurilingvisturebi, im geografiuli zonebis moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad, sadac isini cxovroben” (36). maSasadame, Cvens SemTxvevaSi,

saqarTvelo SeimuSavebs da ganaxorcielebs imgvar saganmanaTleblo

enobriv politikas, rogoric misi geo-politikuri Tu socialuri

mdgomareobisTvis iqneba saxarbielo.

1.2. pedagogikisa da politikis urTierTmimarTeba plurilingvizmSi

E

evrosabWo plurilingvizms ganixilavs, rogorc pedagogikur ise

politikur speqtrSi. Tumca am movlenas wminda politikuri

datvirTvac gaaCnia. Ees gaxlavT saboloo anu ZiriTadi mizani. ismeva

kiTxva _ Tuki plurilingvizmis ZiriTadi mizani politikuria, maS

ratom unda ganixilebodes is pedagogikur WrilSi? pasuxis

gasacemad saWiroa zogadi saxiT ganvixiloT evro-sabWos mier

SemuSavebuli plurilingvizmis miznebi da amocanebi.

politikuri mizani:

demokratia da socialuri integracia (37).

pedagogikuri amocana:

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Uunari da SesaZlebloba enobrivi repertuaris gamoyenebisa

umTavresia demokratiuli, socialuri da saboloo jamSi, politikuri

integraciis procesSi monawileobis miRebisas (37).

M

mizani:

profesiuli da ekonomikuri realizacia, adamianuri kapitalis

ganviTareba (37).

amocana

plurilingvisturi aRzrda aucilebeli momentia individualuri

mobilurobisa profesiul Tu ekonomikur aspeqtSi. Aaseve erTerTi

xelSemwyobi momentia saqonlis, informaciisa da codnaTa msoflio

bazarze Tavisufali cirkulirebisa (37).

mizani

M moqalaqeTa cnobierebaSi sazogadoebrivi, erovnuli Tu

kulturuli Semwynareblobis ganviTareba (37).

amocana

Pplurilingvisturi aRzrdis procesSi individi Seexeba misTvis

ucxo, gansxvavebul enasa Tu kulturas, azrovnebis gansxvavebul

formebs (37), ris Sedegadac igi ufro Zireulad gaiazrebs sakuTar

erovnul Tu pirovnul TviTmyofadobas da gansxvavebuli samyarosadmi

metad Semwynarebeli gaxdeba.

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1.3. plurilingvizmi _ pedagogikuri kvlevis sagani

saxelmwifos plurilingvizmTan mimarTebaSi wminda politikuri

miznebi gaaCnia, romelTac uTuod pedagogikuri amocanebi daerTveba.

es amocanebi miznis misaRwev saSualebebs warmoadgenen.

plurilingvisturi kompetencia aRzrdis procesSi moipoveba. Aamdenad,

amocanis qmedunarianobas pedagogika ganapirobebs, xolo qmediTi

amocana miznis saimedo sayrdenia. amrigad, plurilingvizmi

marTebulad miiCneva pedagogikuri kvlevis sagnad (36).

P1.4. pragma plurilingvizmSi

aRmzrdelobiTi miznis garda plurilingvizms pragmatuli mizanic

aqvs. plurilingvisturi cnobiereba (kompetencia) (ix.

terminologiuri leqsikoni) individisTvisac da saxelmwifosTvisac

momgebiania. plurilingvisturi kompetencia iZleva komunikaciis

saSualebas ucxoeTis kulturul, samecniero-teqnikur samyarosTan;

aadvilebs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebs da misawvdoms xdis

informaciis internacionalur wyaroebs; saxelmwifosaTvis

rentabelurs xdis adamianur resursebs (37).

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$.2Pplurilingvizmis politikur-kulturuli da zogaddidaqtikuri

aspeqtebi

P2.1. interkultura plurilingvizSi

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministroSi gamarTul

erT-erT seminarze aRiniSna: P”plurilingvizmis qvakuTxedi

urTierTcnoba da urTierTaRiarebaa. igi kompleqsuri cnebaa da,

arsebiTad, gulisxmobs nebismieri enobriv-kulturuli (raki ena da

kultura ganuyofeli fenomenebia) TviTmyofadobis cnoba-aRiarebas.”

(5). swored es aris, Cveni azriT prioritetuli mimarTuleba, romelic

ganaTlebis dagegmvisas da swavleba/swavlis procesSic unda iqnas

gaTvaliswinebuli, anu ganaTlebis erT-erT mTavar miznad

SesaZlebelia plurilingvizmis ganviTareba davisaxoT. Ees ki imas

niSnavs, rom swavleba/swavlis meSveobiT moswavles unda

gauRvivdes ucxouri enebis Seswavlisa da sxvadasxva kulturis

gacnobis survili;

ganuviTardes, rogorc sakuTari, ise ucxo TviTmyofadobis

dafasebis da pativiscemis unari.

amasTan, moswavlem unda

aRiqvas kulturaTa da enaTa mravalferovneba, rogorc

simdidre;

gaidgas fesvi sakuTar TviTmyofadobaSi, raTa ar moyves

gaerTgvarovnebis wamlekav procesSi; gauqres SiSi ucxosa Tu

gansxvavebulis mimarT da ar aRiqvas es ukanaskneli, rogorc

fenomeni, romelic mis TviTmyofadobas emuqreba (5).

P plurilingvisturi kompetenciis ganviTareba gulisxmobs ucxo

samyaroSi Sesvlas, cxovrebis gansxvavebuli wesebis, gansxvavebuli

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mentalobebis, gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebis aRmoCenas. Aamdenad, am

kompetenciis ganviTareba gulisxmobs interkulturul

kompetenciasac(ix. term. leqs.) _ es aris unari, gaigo gansxvavebuli

kultura, miiRo sxva iseTi, rogoric aris; gaixsna mis mimarT,

mxolod ise, rom ar mowyde sakuTar kulturul fesvs (5).

2.2. ganaTlebis politika da plurilingvisturi aRzrdis adgili

politikaSi

Qqveynis nebismieri sfero garkveuli politikuri dakveTiT

funqcionirebs. DdakveTis formulirebaSi, demokratiul saxelmwifoSi,

rasakvirvelia sxvadasxva warmomadgenloba iRebs monawileobas. es

aris saxelmwifo mmarTveloba, sociumis gamWoli sferoebi Tu

konkretuli dargis specialistebi. unda aRiniSnos, rom dakveTaSi

moTxovnaTa didi wili saxelmwifos ekuTvnis. sazogadoebis

moTxovnebi garveuli kompromisiT formiT ukana planze gadadis, im

SemTxvevaSi, Tuki didi semantikuri daSoreba ar aris saxelmwifosa

da sazogadoebis SexedulebaTa Soris. Ees garemoeba SesaZlebelia

imiT aixsnas, rom samarTlebrivad Sedegze pasuxismgebeli

saxelmwifoa, sazogadoeba mxolod moralur pasuxismgeblobas iRebs.

Sesabamisad procesis dagegmvasa da marTvaSi meti wili Sedegze

pasuxismgebels ekuTvnis. Tumca, arcTu iSviaTad sazogadoeba ar

epueba saxelmwifos dominirebas am sakiTxSi da sxvadasxva formiT

gamoTqvams xolme protests (demonstraciebi, aqciebi da a.S.).

ganaTlebis sferoSi politikuri samizne garkveuli `formis~

adamianis aRzrda-Camoyalibebaa da swored am sakiTxze mimdinareobs

SeTanxmeba saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebas Soris. Yyvela SemTxvevaSi,

dakveTis adresati skolaa. skolam unda uzrunvelyos dakveTis

Sesruleba. ismeva kiTxva: skola saxelmwifoa Tu sazogadoeba. skola

sazogadoebis wevrebisgan Semdgari saxelmwifo dafinansebis mqone

organizaciaa, anu fuls ixdis saxelmwifo. Sesabamisad, Tu

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damfinansebelic da Sedegze pasuxismgebelic saxelmwifoa, is did

wils iTxovs dakveTis formulirebaSi. Bbunebrivia saxelmwifos

`rentabeluri produqti~ sWirdeba, misTvis momgebiani. MmsoflioSi da

Cvens qveyanaSi gavrcelebuli `sabazro ekonomikis~ ideis safuZvelze

arcerTi organizmi ar gaiRebs dafinansebas `investirebis~ principebis

gauTvaliswineblad, investireba ki, aucilebel ukugebas gulisxmobs.

amrigad saxelmwifo dakveTa ganaTlebis sferosadmi imgvari adamianis

aRzrda-Camoyalibebaa, romelic saxelmwifos sargebels moutans.

Ppraqtikulad, am sakiTxSi sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos SeTanxmeba

arcTu rTulia, metadre imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom orive organizmi

Tanamedroveobisa (mimdinare epoqis) da teritoriuli sivrcis

(evropis) moTxovnebs iTvaliswinebs.

Cvens qveyanaSi zogadi ganaTlebis sferosadmi dakveTas dokumenti

`zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi~ ( `zgem~) asaxavs (4). Aam

dokumentSi asaxulia is maxasiaTeblebi, romlebic adamians

qveynisaTvis, sazogadoebisa da sakuTari TavisaTvis sargeblobis

momtans gaxdis.

rogorc mogaxseneT, saxelmwifoc da sazogadoebac mimdinare

epoqisa da evropuli sivrcis aqtualobasa da moTxovnebs

iTvaliswinebs. maSasadame `plurilingvizmi~, rogorc evropuli

sivrcis erT-erTi politikuri mimarTleba Cveni qveynis politikazec

unda aisaxebodes. marTlac, `zogadi ganaTlebis erovnul miznebSi~

vxvdebiT amgvar punqtebs:

`saskolo ganaTlebam unda uzrunvelyos, rom sazogadoebis

momaval wevrebs ganuviTaros zogadi sakomunikacio unar-

Cvevebi~;

`dRevandel dinamikur, eTnikurad da kulturulad

mravalferovan samyaroSi sazogadoebis funqcionirebisaTvis

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas iZens urTierTpativiscemis,

urTierTgagebisa da urTierTSemecnebis Cvevebi.~;

`skolam unda gamoumuSaos mozards adamianis uflebebis dacvisa

da pirovnebis pativiscemis unari, romelsac igi gamoiyenebs

sakuTari da sxvisi TviTmyofadobis SesanarCuneblad.~ (4).

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`zgemSi~ asaxuli punqtebi, marTlac, Tanamedrove, progresuli

sazogadoebisaTvis Sesaferisi idealebia, Tumca yovelive amis

ganxorcieleba garkveul siZneles warmoadgens. Tuki CavTvliT, rom am

miznebis ganxorcielebis saSualeba sagakveTilo procesia, davinaxavT

Tu ramxela distancia aSorebs konkretul gakveTilsa da erovnul

miznebs. TvalsaCinoebisTvis warmogidgenT sqemas:

zgem

____________________

gakveTili

____________________

Cndeba problema: rogor davaaxlovoT erovnuli miznebis idealebi

Cvens gakveTils?!

Aam problemis gadasaWrelad saWiroa kargad SeviswavloT `zgemSi~

mocemuli meqanizmebi. SesaZlebelia Tavad dokumenti iZleodes

konkretul an raimegvar insruqtaJs.

`zgemSi~ vkiTxulobT aseT punqts:

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`saqarTvelos saxlmwifo politikiTa da kanonmdeblobiT

ganisazRvreba rogorc saskolo ganaTlebis sferoSi Cabmuli

mxareebis uflebebi da movaleobebi, ise miznebis miRwevis

ZiriTadi gzebi da saSualebebi.~ (4)

E es Tezisi garkveul zogad instuqtaJs iZleva, magram aq kvlavac

Riad rCeba saswavlo procesis sakiTxi, anu, rogor davnergoT

saswavlo procesSi `zgemis~ idealebi?!

ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro `zgemTan~ erTad gvTavazobs

saswavlo-Sinaarsobriv dokumentacias da ganmartavs, rom es

dokumentebi ganapirobeben ervnuli miznebis miRwevas saswavlo

procesis meSveobiT.

Uunda aRvniSnoT, rom sadReisod pedagogiuri sazogadoebis didi

nawilisTvis gaugebaria axali saskoli dokumentacia. miTumetes

gauWirdeba pedagogs meqanizmebis Tavad SemuSaveba, romliTac igi

sagakveTilo procesSi dinamikaSi moiyvans `zgemSi~ mocemul

maxasiaTeblebs.

rasakvirvelia aq maswavlebels daxmareba dasWirdeba da swored,

Cven momdevno qveparagrafSi SevecdebiT warmovadginoT `zgemis~

ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi.

2.3. ganaTlebis politikis idealebis ganxorcieleba skolaSi

P

gvinda SegaxsenoT, rom ramdenime welia vmuSaobT kurikulumis

SemuSavebisa da ganviTarebis sakiTxze. kurikulumis ganviTarebis

qvakuTxedi, SeiZleba iTqvas, misi saswavlo procesSi danergvaa.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT kurikulumi dinamikuri xasiaTis dokumentia,

igi asaxavs process. Kkurikulumis danergva TiToeuli maswavleblis

mier mis gacnobierebas niSnavs. Mmaswavlebeli zedmiwevniT kargad

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unda flobdes dokumentis meqanizmebs; man unda icodes, rogor

gamoiyenos kurikulumi. amisaTvis aucilebelia maswavleblis

profesiuli ganviTareba am mimarTulebiT.

ganaTlebis sferos muSakTa profesiuli ganviTarebis sxvadasxva

programis farglebSi Cven SevimuSaveT da trening-kursebi, romlebic

pedagogiur kadrebs daxmarebas uwevs Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo

teqnologiebis aTvisebaSi (trening-kursebis silabusebi ixileT

danarTSi 6). treningebi permanentulad mimdinareobs saqarTvelos

zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi. samomavlod Sedegebis kvlevas

vapirebT.

G

gvsurs mogawodoT Cvens mier SemuSavebuli trening-kursis

`erovnuli miznebidan gakveTilamde~ mokle konceptualuri monaxazi.

aRniSnuli kursi uSualod ukavSirdeba am TavSi ganxilul Tematikas.

dasawyisisaTvis saWiroa sqematurad davinaxoT saswavlo-

Sinaarsobrivi dokumentebi da mimovixiloT maTi raoba:

zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi

erovnuli saswavlo gegma

sagnobrivi programebi

sagnobrivi sagnobrivi programis

koncefcia standarti Sinaarsi

16

zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebi warmoadgens dokuments,

romelic dansazRvravs Tu rogori adamianis aRzrdas unda

emsaxurebodes skola.

erovnuli saswavlo gegma aris dokumenti romelic gansazRvravs,

Tu ra sagnebi unda iswavlebodes zogadi ganaTlebis ama Tu im

safexurze, rogori saaTobrivi ganawilebiT. Aaseve, dokumenti

gansazRvravs swavlebis Sinaarsisa da organizebis sxvadasxva

sakiTxs.

sagnobrivi programa erovnuli saswavlo gegmis Semadgeneli

nawilia da moicavs mxolod konkretuli sagnis an sagnobrivi

jgufis ( mag. bunebismetyveleba _ fizika, qimia, biologia,

fizikuri geografia.) swavlebis sakiTxebs. sagnobrivi programa

Sedgeba koncefciis, standartisa da programis Sinaarsisagan.

sagnobrivi koncefcia gansaRvravs sagnis an sagnobrivi jgufis

miznebsa da amocanebs, mis rolsa da mniSvnelobas

zogadsaganmanaTleblo ciklSi.

sagnobrivi standarti warmodgenilia Sedegebisa da

indikatorebis saxiT. indikatori aris maCvenebeli, romlis

meSveobiTac SegviZlia gavarkvioT, miRweulia Tu ara Sedegi.

standartis Sedegebi asaxavs moswavlis miRwevebs ama Tu im

klasis dasrulebisas. Sedegebi warmodgenilia dinamikuri

formiTa da SinaarsiT da gulisxmobs informaciis unar-Cvevisa

da damokidebulebis flobas.

programis Sinaarsi warmoadgens Temebisa da sakiTxebis (masala)

CamonaTvals, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebelia standartis

miRweva. programis SinaarsSi mocemuli sakiTxebi mxolod

rekomendaciaa, maswavlebels SeuZlia Tavadve SearCios masala,

romelic ukeT miiyvans moswavles standartis moTxovnebamde.

davubrundeT `zgemsa~ da gakveTils Soris distanciis sakiTxs.

bunebrivia, raRac gardamavali rgoli unda arsebobdes, romelic am

distancias Seamcirebs. amisaTvis saWiroa erovnuli miznebis

Sesabamisi konceptualuri wanamZRvrebi qvemdgom dokumentebSi veZeboT.

17

raskvirvelia, es wanamZRvrebi ukve sagnobriv WrilSi unda

ganixilebodes, raTa gakveTilTan siaxlove gamoikveTos. naSromis

Taviseburebidan gamomdinare ucxouri enis sagnobrivi jgufis

magaliTebs moviSveliebT.

aviRoT sagnobrivi koncefcia da movZebnoT kavSirebi `zgemis~

punqtebTan. rasakvirvelia viTvaliswinebT plurilingvizms.

TvalsaCinoebisTvis sakiTxs sqematurad warmovadgenT:

zogadi ganaTlebis erovnuli

miznebi

ucxouri enis sagnobrivi

koncefcia

saqarTveloSi zogadi

ganaTlebis sistema miznad

isaxavs Seqmnas xelsayreli

pirobebi erovnuli da

zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis

matarebeli, Tavisufali

pirovnebis CamoyalibebisaTvis.

ucxouri ena, rogorc erovnuli

saswavlo gegmis ganuyofeli

nawili, saskolo ganaTlebis

mTavari saxelmwifo miznis

ganxorcielebas emsaxureba:

erovnul da sakacobrio

RirebulebebTan naziarebi,

TavisufaliPpirovnebis aRzrdas,

romelic SeZlebs Tavisi

wvlilis Setanas samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi.

saskolo ganaTlebam unda

uzrunvelyos, rom sazogadoebis

momaval wevrebs ganuviTaros

zogadi sakomunikacio unar-

Cvevebi.

warmatebuli komunikacia sxva

kulturis warmomadgenlebTan;

dRevandel dinamikur, eTnikurad

da kulturulad mravalferovan

samyaroSi sazogadoebis

funqcionirebisaTvis

gansxvavebuli kulturuli

konteqstebis da teqstebis

gageba;

18

gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

iZens urTierTpativiscemis,

urTierTgagebisa da

urTierTSemecnebis Cvevebi;

skolam unda gamoumuSaos

mozards adamianis uflebebis

dacvisa da pirovnebis

pativiscemis unari, romelsac

igi gamoiyenebs sakuTari da

sxvisi TviTmyofadobis

SesanarCuneblad.

nebismieri enobriv-kulturuli

TviTmyofadobis dafaseba da

pativiscema;

pirovnuli individualobis,

misi ganumeoreblobis dafaseba

da pativiscema.

MmTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi

axali codnisa da Cvevebis

Sezenis unari.

codnis damoukideblad

gaRrmaveba da gamdidreba

enobrivi Tu kulturuli

TvalsazrisiT.

saskolo ganaTlebam unda

ganuviTaros mozards pirad,

ojaxur da sazogadoebriv

cxovrebaSi damoukideblad

gadawyvetilebaTa miRebis unar-

Cvevebi.

sasicocxlo unar-Cvevebi

(TanamSromloba, Tavisufali

arCevanis gakeTeba,

TviTsrulyofa, SemoqmedebiToba

da sxva)

Qqveynis interesebis,

trdiciebisa da Tirebulebebis

mimarT sakuTari

pasuxismgeblobis gaazreba.

enobriv-kulturuli kuTvnilebis

gancda;

mSobliuri kulturuli garemos

TviTmyofadobis, misi

ganumeoreblobis dafaseba da

pativiscema.

19

rogorc SevamCnieT sagnobrivi koncefcia SesaZlebelia

gardamavali rgolis funqcias asrulebdes. aq warmodgenilia

erovnuli miznebi sagnobriv WrilSi da Sesabamisad metad axlos

dgas konkretul gakveTilTan, vidre `zgemi~. sagnobrivi koncefcia

gamomdinareobs `zgemidan~ da miemarTeba gakveTilisken. yovelive amis

aRsaqmelad sqemas moviSveliebT:

`zgemi~

_______________

sagn. koncefcia

________________

gakveTili

_______________

faqtia, rom intervali kvlavac didia. maSasadame saWiroa

gakveTilTan metad daaxloebuli gardamavali rgolebis moZebna,

Tumca es rgolebi aucileblad unda gamomdinareobdnen erovnuli

miznebidan da unda qmnidnen garkveul qronologias.

Cven gadavwyviteT standartisa da koncefciis damuSaveba imave

teqnologiiT, rogorc davamuSaveT `zgemi~ da koncefcia:

20

ucxouri enis sagnobrivi

koncefcia

cxouri enis sagnobrivi

standarti

ucxouri ena, rogorc

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

ganuyofeli nawili, saskolo

ganaTlebis mTavari

saxelmwifo miznis

ganxorcielebas emsaxureba:

erovnul da sakacobrio

RirebulebebTan naziarebi,

TavisufaliPpirovnebis

aRzrdas, romelic SeZlebs

Tavisi wvlilis Setanas

samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

ganviTarebaSi.

� Sedegebze dakvirvebiT aRniSnavs,

sad aqvs winsvla;

� asaxelebs zogierT faqtors,

mizezs, romelic xels uSlis mis

winsvlas;�

miuTiTebs, Tu ra zomebs unda

mimarTos xarvezebis

aRmosafxvrelad;

mimarTavs gamosasworebel zomebs ;

iyenebs arsebul da qmnis axal

resursebs ;

qmnis operatiul resursebs

(anbanur/Tematuri leqsikoni

plakati, martivi sqema, kiTxvari da

sxva) da iyenebs maT ;

koreqtulad aRniSnavs daSvebul

Secdomebs;

� kamaTisas yurs ugdebs

gansxvavebul mosazrebebs;

Sefasebisas iCens koreqtulobas

� mewyviles exmareba im sakiTxebSi,

romlebSic TviTonaa Zlieri;

� mewyvilesTan erTad gadaWris

dasmul amocanas;

� mewyvilesTan erTad varjiSobs

interaqciaSi;

TaTbirobs gundelebTan (rogor

gadaWran sakiTxi, vin ras

dainawilebs).

warmatebuli komunikacia sxva

kulturis warmomadgenlebTan;

moswavle monawileobs simulaciur

situaciebSi (marSrutis miTiTeba,

kafeSi SekveTis micema, eqimTan

viziti da sxva);

moswavle monawileobs martiv

simulaciur satelefono saubarSi;

gasagebad warmarTavs interaqcias;

21

monawileobs klasSi mimdinare

saubarSi misTvis nacnob Temebze

(uSualo garemocva, aqtivobebi,

interesebi, gatacebebi, momavlis

gegmebi);

ucxour enaze mimarTavs

maswavlebels, Tanaklaselebs

� saTanadod iyenebs mimarTvis

Tavazian da familarul formebs;

ramdenime fraziT saubrobs misTvis

nacnob Tematikaze (uSualo

garemocva, sakuTari Tavi, momavlis

gegmebi);

� martivi eniT yveba wakiTxuli

teqstis Sinaars;

� ramdenime fraziT yveba Tavs

gadamxdar ambavs.

gansxvavebuli kulturuli

konteqstebis da teqstebis

gageba;

nebismieri enobriv-

kulturuli TviTmyofadobis

dafaseba da pativiscema;

pirovnuli individualobis,

misi ganumeoreblobis

koreqtulad aRniSnavs sxvebis mier

daSvebul Secdomebs;

kamaTisas yurs ugdebs gansxvavebul

mosazrebebs;

uTanxmoebisas axerxebs morigebas;

amoicnobs kulturul\sityvier

informacias (personaJebi, cnobili

adamianebi, dasaxelebebi);

adarebs erTmaneTTan ucxo da

mSobliur kulturul garemos

(dResaswaulebi, zne-

Cveulebebi/adaTebi, regionuli

Taviseburebebi, qveynis wyoba,

simboloebi, dedaqalaqis istoria,

cnobili istoriul;

avlebs paralelebs sxva sagnebSi

Seswavlil konteqstebTan da

poulobs msgavsebebsa da

gansxvavebebs;

ucxour enaze amzadebs

22

dafaseba da pativiscema.

prezentaciebs sakuTari

kuTxis/regionis Sesaxeb

� gamoTqvams sakuTar azrs,

Sexedulebas, damokidebulebas;

iCens interess TanatolTa

cxovrebiseuli istoriebis,

gancdebis, mosazrebebis mimarT

� yveba sakuTar cxovrebiseul

istoriebs, sadac gadmoscems Tavis

gancdebs, emociebs,

damokidebulebebs;

amoicnobs ucxo

kulturisTvisdamaxasiaTebel

etikets;

iCens interess kulturul

gansxvavebebis mimarT.

codnis damoukideblad

gaRrmaveba da gamdidreba

enobrivi Tu kulturuli

TvalsazrisiT

konkretuli amocanis gadasaWrelad

Tavs uyris saWiro codnasa da

resursebs;

� gamokveTs aqtivobis, savarjiSos

amocanas;

� gegmavs Sesasrulebeli

davalebebis Tanmimdevrobas;

� muSaobis procesSi adgens ra

uWirs da uziarebs am aRmoCenas

maswavlebels;

monawileobs TanaSefasebebSi da

maswavlebelTan erTad msjelobs

Sefasebis kriteriumebze;

saWiroebisamebr moiZiebs

informacias skolaSi arsebuli

resursebis farglebSi

(TvalsaCinoebebi, skolis

biblioTeka, maswavlebeli da sxva) ;

� saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi moiZiebs

sasurvel informacias skolis

gareT ;

ar ufrTxis Secdomebis daSvebas ;

23

� akvirdeba Secdomas da cdilobs

gaarkvios mizezi ;

� svams SekiTxvebs, iTxovs

daxmarebas, roca siZneles awydeba;

� ar erideba sakuTari

azris/Sexedulebis gamoTqmas;

� cdilobs damoukideblad

gadalaxos siZneleebi;

iyenebs damaxsovrebis sxvadasxva

xerxs (ramdenjerme wakiTxva an

dawera, asocireba raimesTan,

konteqstSi gamoyeneba, erTi

Tematikis mixedviT dajgufeba da

sxva);

amokrebs cudad aTvisebul

leqsikur erTeulebs da amuSavebs

mas;

konkretul magaliTebze

dakvirvebiT amoicnobs enobriv

meqanizmebs;

� iyenebs amocnobil meqanizmebs;

� adarebs erTmaneTs ucxouri da

mSobliuri enebis gramatikul

movlenebs;

� iyenebs sqemebs, tabulebs,

klasifikaciebs, struqturul

modelebs.


(TanamSromloba, Tavisufali

arCevanis gakeTeba,

TviTsrulyofa,

SemoqmedebiToba da sxva)

gegmavs Sesasrulebeli davalebebis

Tanmimdevrobas

� muSaobis procesSi adgens ra

uWirs da uziarebs am aRmoCenas

maswavlebels;

monawileobs TanaSefasebebSi da

maswavlebelTan erTad msjelobs

Sefasebis kriteriumebze;

miuTiTebs, Tu ra zomebs unda

mimarTos xarvezebis

24

aRmosafxvrelad;

�mimarTavs gamosasworebel

zomebs ;

saTanado SekiTxvebs usvams

maswavlebels/kompetentur pirs ;

� qmnis operatiul resursebs

(anbanur/Tematuri leqsikoni

plakati, martivi sqema, kiTxvari da

sxva) da iyenebs mas ;

ar ufrTxis Secdomebis daSvebas ;

� akvirdeba Secdomas da cdilobs

gaarkvios mizezi ;

�svams SekiTxvebs, iTxovs

daxmarebas, roca siZneles awydeba;

�ar erideba sakuTari

azris/Sexedulebis gamoTqmas;

cdilobs damoukideblad gadalaxos

siZneleebi;

iyenebs sqemebs, tabulebs,

klasifikaciebs, struqturul

modelebs;

koreqtulad aRniSnavs daSvebul

Secdomebs;

� kamaTisas yurs ugdebs

gansxvavebul mosazrebebs;

�Sefasebisas iCens �mewyviles

exmareba im sakiTxebSi, romlebSic

TviTonaa koreqtulobas;

Zlieri;

�mewyvilesTan erTad gadaWris

dasmul amocanas;

�mewyvilesTan erTad varjiSobs

interaqciaSi;

TaTbirobs gundelebTan (rogor

gadaWran sakiTxi, vin ras

dainawilebs);

� axerxebs gundelebTan morigebas;

�gamoTqvams mosazrebebs, usmens

25

sxvisas;

�Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs dasmuli

amocanis gadaWraSi.

enobriv-kulturuli

kuTvnilebis gancda;

mSobliuri kulturuli

garemos TviTmyofadobis, misi

ganumeoreblobis dafaseba da

pativiscema.

adarebs erTmaneTs ucxouri da

mSobliuri enebis gramatikul

movlenebs;

avlebs paralelebs, poulobs

msgavsebebsa da gansxvavebebs ucxo

da mSobliur kulturul

konteqstebsa Tu teqstebs Soris

(legenda, istoriuli gadmocema,

kerZebi, skola da sxva);

moikvlevs cnobebs sakuTari

regionis, kuTxis Sesaxeb;

�ucxour enaze amzadebs

prezentaciebs sakuTari

kuTxis/regionis Sesaxeb;

cdilobs amoicnos warmoebuli

sityvebis, andazebis, gamoTqmebis

mniSvneloba,

� poulobs Sesatyvisebs mSobliur

enaSi,adarebs maT erTmaneTs;

yveba sakuTar cxovrebiseul

istoriebs, sadac gadmoscems Tavis

gancdebs, emociebs,

damokidebulebebs;

�avlebs paralelebs, poulobs

analogiebs, gansxvavebebs sakuTar

da sxvaTa sulier samyaroebs Soris

(gancdebi, emociuri reaqciebi,

damokidebulebebi);

akvirdeba da aanalizebs

sociokulturul Taviseburebebs;

�amoicnobs ucxo kulturisTvis

damaxasiaTebel etikets,

� simulaciur situaciebSi icavs

saTanado qcevis normebs.

26

dokumentebis damuSavebis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom sagnobrivi

standarti asaxavs aqtivobebs, romelTa xSiri gameorebiT

SesaZlebelia moswavles gamoumuSavdes CvevaTa gama. cnobili

filosofiuri debuleba raodenobriobis TvisobriobaSi gadasvlis

Sesaxeb aqtovobis CvevaSi ganasvlis kanonzomierebazec vrceldeba.

maSasadame, maswavleblisTvis ukve gasagebi unda iyos, rom standarti

gamomdinareobs koncefciisgan, es ukanaskneli ki Tavis mxriv

`zgemisgan~, xolo sagakveTilo procesSi standartis Sedegebze

muSaoba ganapirobebs erovnuli miznebis miRwevas. anu Tu

maswavlebelma miznad standartis miRweva daisaxa, is TavisTavad im

gzaze aRmoCndeba, romelsac taZarTan (`zgemTan~) mivyavarT:

zgem

_______________

sagn. koncefcia

_________________

sagn. standarti

________________

gakveTili

________________

gakveTilsa da standarts Soris gardamavali rgoli gakveTilis

mizania. swored gakveTilis mizani da ara Tema, vinaidan mizani

tipologiurad uTanxmdeba zemoTa sam movlenas. samive movlena

27

gakveTilis mizanTan da TemasTan erTad teqstualuria, Tumca `zgemi~,

koncefcia, standarti da gakveTilis mizani dinamikuri xasiaTisa

arian da orientiri moswavleze aqvT: `zgemSi~ _ moswavle, romelic

unda Camoyalibdes raime formis adamianad; koncefcia _ ama Tu im

sagnis swavlebiT moswavlem unda SeiZinos garkveuli maxasiaTeblebi;

standartSi _ moswavlem unda miaRwios garkveul Sedegs. rac Seexeba

Temas, is statikuria da Tavis TavSi ar Seicavs moswavles. swored

amgvari klasificirebiT varCevT gardamaval rgolebs.

gakveTilis miznebi unda gamomdinareobdnen standartis Sedegebidan

da unda miemarTebodnen maTken:

standartis Sedegi

A gakveTilis B gakveTilis C gakveTilis

Mmizani mizani mizani

miznebSi gamokveTili unda iyos moswavle, rogorc subieqti.

Mmizani unda gamoxatavdes dinamikas. Mmag. Aar SeiZleba gakveTilis

mizani iyos raime Temis Seswavla. Temis Seswavla mxolod saSualebaa,

romelic mizanTan migviyvans. GTemis SeswavliTa da damuSavebiT

moswavlem unda SeiZinos esa Tu is maxasiaTebeli; gaacnobieros ama

Tu im movlenis mniSvneloba da a.S. Tuki Cven gakveTilis mizans

statikur formulirebas mivaniWebT, imTaviTve davarRvevT erovnuli

saswavlo gegmis axali standartiT muSaobis princips: saskolo

ganaTlebis farglebSi, sagakveTilo Tu arasagakveTilo procesSi

nebismieri Temis damuSaveba, procesSive unda emsaxurebodes

standartiT dadgenili Sedegis miRwevas.

28

2.3.1. evropis pedagogikuri kvlevis instituciebi plurilingvizmis

ganviTarebisaTvis

evropuli pedagogikuri kvlevis instituciebi koordinirebulad

muSaoben plurilingvizturi aRzrdis meqanizmebis saskolo sistemaSi

danergvisaTvis da, swored, maTi saqmianobis nayofia mravali

sacdeli programa, romelTa aprobacia arcTu didi xania mimdinareobs

evropis sxvadasxva qveynis skolebSi. Aam erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli

meTodikebis matarebel programebs erTi ZiriTadi pedagogiuri

mimarTuleba akavSirebT. es gaxlavT moswavlisaTvis Tavisufali

enobriv-kulturuli garemos Seqmna, sadac bavSvi Zaldatanebis

gareSe, dainteresebis safuZvelze miRebs codnas (15).

marTlac, Tu davakvirdebiT saqarTveloSi, eTnikurad Sereul

teritoriebze (ubnebSi) mcxovreb mozardebs, davinaxavT, Tu rogor

Tavisuflad laparakoben isini megobrebis mSobliur enebze. isini

bunebriv Taviufal enobriv garemoSi cxovroben da sxvadasxva TamaSis

saSualebiT, gaucnobiereblad, euflebian erTmaneTis mSobliur enebs.

swored amgvari situaciis, xelovnurad, saklaso oTaxSi Camoyalibebas

cdilobs Tanamedrove evropuli pedagogika.

am sakiTxTan mimarTebaSi, aRsaniSnavia, dawyebiT saskolo ciklSi

myofi mozardis fsiqo-fizikuri mdgomareoba: igi mzad aris miiRos

yovelive, rasac misi fsiqo-fiziologiuri rezervuari daitevs. Aam

periodSi bavSvs Zlier aqvs ganviTarebuli vizualuri da smeniTi

mgrZnobeloba da, rac metad mniSvnelovania _ mexsiereba.

swored asakobriv SesaZleblobebze dayrdnobiT iqmneba ucxouri

enis swavlebis sakmaod efeqturi evropuli meTodebi.

2.3.2. plurilingvisturi aRmzrdelobiTi programis eqsperimentireba

ganxorcielebadia Tu ara plurilingvizmis miznebi? ramdenad

ZaluZs sazogadoebas misi moTxovnebisa da normebis dakmayofileba?

“plurilingvizmi ganxorcielebadia” _ vkiTxulobT ganaTlebis

politikis saxelmZRvaneloSi (37). saxelmZRvanelos Semdgenelebi

29

fsiqologiur da pedagogiur mecnierebaTa monacemebze dayrdnobiT

Tvlian, rom plurilingvizmis ideis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba

mdgomareobs adamianis unarsa da pedagogikuri moRvaweobis

efeqturobaSi. MmarTlac, “enebis evropul portfolioSi” (19) mravlad

aris mocemuli ucxouri enebis swavlebis meTodi saSualo da

umaRlesi skolebisTvis, romelic xels Seuwyobs individSi

plurilingvizmis ganviTarebas. Cven gadavwyviteT praqtikulad

gamogvecada romelime programa.

M mravali evropuli programis fonze, pedagogiuri eqsperimentis

saSualebad avirCieT menis universitetis (Université du Maine) mier

momzadebuli programa “L’eveil aux langues”, SemoklebiT _ “evlang”,

romelsac saaprobacio safuZveli evropis eqvs qveyanaSi (safrangeTi,

germania, avstria, espaneTi, italia, portugalia) Caeyara.

eqsperimenti

2002/2003 saswavlo wlis meore semestrSi Tbilisis 151-e saSualo

skolaSi daviwyeT programis – “evlang” eqsperimentacia. Paprobacia

erTi semestris ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda. Pprogramis ZiriTadi

mizania `xeli Seuwyos lingvisturad da kulturulad pluralisturi,

solidaruli sazogadoebis mSeneblobas~ (52) da iTvaliswinebs Semdeg

qvemiznebs:

interkultuluri cnobierebis ganviTareba (lingvisturi da

kulturuli sxvadasxvagvarobis gageba da nebismieri enobrivi da

kulturuli TviTmyofadobis dafaseba);

motivacia ucxouri enebis swavlisaTvis;

metalingvisturi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba, romelic xels

Seuwyobs zogadad enis (maT Soris mSobliuri enis) siRrmiseulad

Seswavlas;

lingvisturi kulturis ganviTareba.

30

otto 8 2 due

3 tre

uno 1

5 cinque

4 quattro

italiuri

sei 6

osam 8

dva 2

4 cetiri

jedan 1

sedam 7 6 sest 5

pet

xorvatiuli

3 tri

8 acht zwei 2

3 drei

einss

sechs 8 5 fenf

4 fer

alzasuri

sewe 7

sette 7

eqsperimenti mexuTe klasis ganayofSi Catarda. masSi 12 moswavle

monawileobda. Pprogramis eqsperimentireba ori ucxouri enis

(franguli da inglisuri) swavlebis fonze, fakultaturi saaTebis

xarjze mimdinareobda. gakveTilebis intensivoba iyo kviraSi erTi

sagakveTilo saaTi (45 wT). erT semestrSi 17 sagakveTilo saaTi.

TvalsaCinoebisTvis warmovadgenT programis or saintereso aqtivobas:

bavSvebs urigdebaT cxra cali qaRaldis naWeri. TiToeul maTganze

gamosaxuli yvavili rva furcliT, romelic amave raodenobis ricxviT

saxels itevs.

31

qaRaldis naWrebze Tanabrad aris gadanawilebuli ricxvebi sami

sxvadasxva warmoSobis cxra enaze (sami germanikuli, sami slavuri da

sami romanuli.).

moswavleebs evalebaT, jgufuri muSaobiT, daaxarisxon enebi

msgavsebis mixedviT. Semdeg TiToeulma jgufma unda warmoadginos

namuSevari da daasabuTos Tavisi mosazreba.

gakveTilis es nawili mxolod vizualur aqtivobas moicavs. igi bavSvs

sxvadasxva warmoSobis enaTa grafikul struqturas gaacnobs da aZlevs

saSualebas daakvirdes maT msgavsebasa da gansvavebas.

gakveTilis meore nawilSi moswavles TvalsaCino masalasTan erTad

audio Canaweris mosmena uwevs: moismine zRapar “wiTelqudas” saTauri

oTx enaze:

Punahilkka (finuri)

O

CapuchinhoVermelho

(portugaliuri)

Rotkappchen (germanuli)

Cappuchetto rosso (italiuri)

mosmenisa da wakiTxvis Semdeg moswavleebs audio saSualebiT

miewodebaT or-ori winadadeba zRapridan am enebze, maT daevalebaT

frazebis identificireba.

es momenti, romelic moswavles enaTa fonostruqturebis

gansxvavebulobis aRqmis unars ganuviTarebs, programis miznebis orive

kategorias exmianeba: erTi mxriv, bavSvs ganuviTardeba metalingvisturi

32

mgrZnobeloba, meore mxriv, enaTa mravalferovnebis gacnobiereba

interkulturuli cnobierebis Camoyalibebas Seuwyobs xels.

Sedegebi miznebTan mimarTebaSi

programis Sedegebis kvleva 2003/2004 saswavlo wlis pirvel

semestrSi daviwyeT. Kkvlevis obieqti meeqvse klasis eqsperimentuli

da Cveulebrivi ganayofebi iyo. kiTxvari zemoT mocemuli pirveli

qvemiznis (Pinterkultuluri cnobierebis ganviTareba (lingvisturi

da kulturuli sxvadasxvagvarobis gageba da nebismieri enobrivi da

kulturuli TviTmyofadobis dafaseba)) mixedviT SevadgineT.

kiTxvaris SemuSavebisas gaviTvaliswineT Cvens sazogadoebaSi

arsebuli enobrivi da kulturuli stereotipebi. ganayofebma Seavses

Cvens mier Sedgenili kiTxvarebi da Cven maTi Sedarebis saSualeba

mogveca. warmogidgenT kiTxvars da pasuxebis statistikur monacemebs:

kiTxvari:

ginda, rom Sens skolaSi iswavlebodes somxuri ena ?

eqsperimentuli ganayofi __ diax (10). Aara (2)

Cveulebrivi ganayofi __ diax (1). Aara (11)

ginda icode Tu ra dResaswaulebi arsebobs indoeTSi?

Eeqsperimentuli __ diax (12). Aara (0)

Cveulebrivi __ diax (7). Aara (5)

33

Tvli, rom arabuli ena aris iseTive dasafasebeli, rogorc

inglisuri?



ginda icode Tu ra erovnuli kerZebi aqvT iranelebs?



ginda gyavdes Turqi megobari?



ginda imogzauro azerbaijanSi?



maSasadame, eqsperimentuli ganayofis 83,3 % akmayofilebs pirvel

mizans, maSin roca Cveulebrivi ganayofis mxolod 8,3 %-s SeiZleba

qondes amis pretenzia. aRmoCnda, rom Cveulebrivi ganayofis 8,3 %-s

TavisTavad, programis gareSe qonda ganviTarebuli da

interkulturuli cnobiereba. SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom

eqsperimentul ganayofSic amave procentul maCvenebels programis

34

Caurevlad eqneboda ganviTarebuli amgvari cnobiereba. Aamrigad,

programam, savaraudod, eqsperimentuli jgufis 75 %-s xeli Seuwyo

interkulturuli cnobierebis ganviTarebaSi. bunebrivia kvlevis es

masStabi mwiria. Cven vapirebT momavalSi ganvagrZoT aRniSnuli

sakiTxis kvleva.

daskvna

udaoa, evrosabWoSi Seqmnili proeqti, romlis SemuSavebisas

saqarTvelos specifika ar figurirebda da Cvens mier Catarebuli

mcire masStabiani eqsperimenti ver mogvcems imis garantias, rom Cvens

qveyanaSi plurilingvizmis ganviTarebis proeqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli

meqanizmebi saukeTeso Sedegebs mogvcems. Mmagram epoqa Tavisas

moiTxovs: dRes, qarTuli saganmanaTleblo sistema evropuli

sivrcisken miemarTeba. evropas ki, Tavisi moTxovnebi aqvs. Tuki

saqarTvelos skolaSi rigi evropuli standartebis danergva

dasavleTisaTvis xarkis gadaxdas gulisxmobs, dae mivceT `keisars

keisrisa da RmerTs RmrTisa~, anu dasavluri moTxovnebis Sesrulebis

fonze aRvzardoT axali Taobebi, romelTa cnobiereba da moRvaweoba

Cveni qveynisa da msoflios praqtikuli da zneobrivi aRmasvlis

garantia iqneba.

amasTanave, unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos ganaTlebis politikis

wiaRSi plurilingvisturi ideebis gamoCena mxolod evropuli

orientaciiT ganpirobebuli moduri aqcia unda iyos. Tuki Cven

plurilingvizmis erTerT saganmanaTleblo prioritetad aRiarebas

Cvens qveyanaSi enobriv-kulturuli da religiuri Tanacxovrebisa da

ganviTarebis msvlelobas davukavSirebdiT, mecnieruli istorizmi

uTuod dasturs mogvcemda.

35

Tavi II. ucxouri enis kurikulumis politikuri da

pedagogikuri aspeqtebi

K

$.1. kurikulumis gageba Tanamedrove ganaTlebis sistemaSi

1.1 kurikulumis etimologia da mniSvneloba

Tanamedrove ganaTlebis sferoSi `kurikulumi~ farTod

gavrcelebuli da damkvidrebuli terminia. Kkurikulumi (curriculum)

laTinuri warmoSobis sityvaa da raime gansazRvruli teritoriis

gakvalvas, gadarbenas niSnavs. am sityvas Zvel romSi doRis

aRsaniSnavad iyenebdnen. kurikulumi ganaTlebaSi gamoiyeneba

programis, gzis, gezis mniSvnelobiT. saxelmwifo kurikulumi ewodeba

saswavlo procesis gegmisa da Sinaarsis erTianobas, romelsac

mwyobri, Tanmimdevruli, ganviTarebadi saxe aqvs (13). masSi

gansazRvrulia misaRwevi miznebi da saswavlo programebi sagnebisa da

safexurebis mixedviT. saxelmwifo kurikulumi adgens aucilebel

standartizebul moTxovnebs _ misaRwev miznebs da metnaklebad

dakonkretebul saswavlo programebs. (30)

1.2. “kurikulumis”, sul ufro xSiri gamoyeneba msoflios ganaTlebis

sferoSi mxolod sityvis sakiTxia Tu arsisa?

sadReisod, msoflios ganaTlebis sferoSi msjeloba

“kurikulumis” Sesaxeb erT-erTi yvelaze aqtualuri movlenaa. TiTqmis

yvela qveynis ganaTlebis sistemam terminebi “saswavlo gegma” da

`programa~ termin `kurikulumiT~ Secvala.

britanelebsa da amerikelebs ganaTlebasTan mimarTebaSi termini

“programa” arc arasdros gamouyenebiaT: marTalia arsebobs sityva

36

programa, magram is speqtaklTan an politikur partiasTan mimarTebaSi

ixmareba(24).

araanglofonurma qveynebma, romlebic Cvens msgavsad terminebs

”saswavlo gegma” da “programa” iyenebdnen, TandaTanobiT SeiTvises

kurikulumi an misi Targmani mainc. gfr-Si uaris Tqma Lehrplan-ze, anu

saswavlo gegmaze Rahmenrichtlinien-is, TviT sityva-sityviT gadmotanili

kurikulumis sasargeblod, SesaZloa meore msoflio omis Semdgomi

anglo-amerikuli gavleniTac aixsnas (61). Tumca amgvari axsna ar

gamodgeba italiis an espaneTis SemTxvevaSi. am qveynebSi aseTive

terminologiuri evolucia gacilebiT ufro axlo warsulSi

ganxorcielda. espaneTis 1990 wlis saganmanaTleblo sistemis

mowyobis ZiriTadi kanoni (47) programaze ki aRar laparakobs,

rogorc es manamdel oficialur teqstebSi xdeboda, aramed

kurikulumze. italiaSic curriculo-m Secvala programmi jer brokas

komisiis mier liceumisTvis SeTavazebul reformebSi, Semdeg ki man

fexi moikida pedagogiur gamokvlevebSi (40).

saidan iRebs saTaves es evolucia? egeb modur fenomenTan gvaqvs

saqme, romelic ubralod ucxouri sityviT gatacebam gamoiwvia da am

sityvas usafuZvlod miewereba novatoruli Tvisebebi? an egeb es

evolucia realur nebas gulisxmobs _ sxvagvarad mivudgeT saswavlo

programebTan dakavSirebul problemebs. pirveli SesaZlebloba

namdvilad ar aris gamosaricxi: kurikulumis cnebis uamrav

definiciaTa Soris zogierTi umtkivneulod miesadageba Cvens

saswavlo gegmebsa da programebs. ase magaliTad, erT-erTi

avtorisaTvis kurikulumi aris `ganaTlebis an misi Semadgeneli

specifikuri elementebis Sinaarsis saerTo da sruli gegma, romelic

skolam unda SesTavazos mowafeebs, raTa uzrunvelyos isini

sertifikatiT~ (13). magram rogorc CvenTvis araerTxel SeuxsenebiaT am

sferoSi Caxedul specialistebs ( mag., 38), amgvari gansazRvreba,

sinamdvileSi, miekuTvneba `silabuss~, anu programas, romelic

aucileblad unda gaimijnos kurikulumisagan. sagulisxmoa Tu rogor

gansaRvraven am termins frangi specialistebi: “es aris dagegmil

qmedebaTa integrirebuli erToblioba, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos

37

moswavlis ganaleba”. maSasadame “ganaTleba” da ara “sertifikati”.

Aamave specialistebis azriT es “ dagegmili qmedebebi warmoadgenen:

swavlebis organizacias, saswavlo gegmas, saaTobriv gadanawilebas,

sxvadasxva masalas (didaqtikuri, saskolo da a.S.), swavlebis

meTodikas da Sefasebis sistemas (22). amgvarad, SegviZlia davaskvnaT,

rom kurikulumi ufro metis momcveli dokumkentia, vidre saswavlo

gegma an programa. Tumca, mTavari albad mainc is aris vin ra Sinaarss

Cadebs am terminSi.

ganaTlebis saerTaSoriso eqspertis hitendra pilais mier

saqarTvelosaTvis SeTavazebul saxelmwifo standartebisa da

kurikulumis reformirebis sarekomendacio proeqtSi vkiTxulobT: “

kurikulums ar gaaCnia Sesatyvisi qarTul enaSi, magram es termini

myarad aris damkvidrebuli saerTaSoriso saganmanaTleblo

literaturaSi, Aamitom sasurvelia, qarTvelma ganaTlebis

mesveurebmac (Educators) miiRon igi. is gansxvavdeba saswavlo gegmisagan,

romelic yofil sabWoTa kavSirSi kurikulumis magivrobas gaswevda”

(unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertma Seiswavla saqarTvelos ganaTlebis

sitemaSi manamde arsebuli dokumentacia). Eeqsperti dasZens, rom

kurikulumi moicavs yvelafers _ ganaTlebis erovnuli xedvidan

dawyebuli, saklaso oTaxSi yoveldRiurad gasaxorcielebeli

aqtivobebis CaTvliT da saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemas sTavazobs

kurikulumis Semadgenel dokumentTa nusxas: ganaTlebis erovnuli

(saxelmwifo) xedva (National Education vision), kurikulumis erovnuli

(saxelmwifo) politika (National Curriculum policies), erovnuli

(saxelmwifo) standartebi (National Standarts), erovnuli (saxelmwifo)

programa (National Syllabi), skolis saswavlo gegma (Scool Teaching Plans),

romlebic Tavis mxriv qvedokumentebs moicaven. magaliTad,

kurikulumis erovnul (saxelmwifo) politikaSi warmodgenilia

Semdegi dokumentebi: saganTa CamonaTvalis politika (Subject curriculum

policies), swavlebisa da swavlis politika (Teaching and learning policies),

gamocdebisa da Sefasebis politika (Assessment and evaluation policies),

Tanabari SesaZleblobebisa da xelmisawvdomobis politika (Equity and

Access policies) da sainformacio teqnologiebis politika skolebSi. (34).

38

amdenad, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom kurikulumi ganaTlebis sistemaSi

mimdinare pedagogiuri procesebis erTgvari koordinirebis

saSuallebaa da misTvis upiratesobis miniWeba axali midgomis

SemoRebas niSnavs.

gavixsenoT is konteqsti, romelSic Tavdapirvelad iqna

gamoyenebuli kurikulumi did britaneTsa da SeerTebul StatebSi, da,

romelSic iSva is sazrunavebi, dRemde rom inarCuneben aqtualobas. me-

19 saukunis bolos, mosaxleobis sagrZnoblad gazrdili

moTxovnilebis uzrunvelsayofad iwyeba britanuli da amerikuli

saskolo qselis ganviTareba. vinaidan ar arsebobda instancia,

romelic saTanado oficialur normebs Seqmnida, TiToeuli saswavlo

dawesebulebis winaSe dadga imis gansazRvris aucilebloba, Tu ra

unda eswavlaT mowafeebs.

amerikuli konstitucia (federaluri saxelmwifos doneze) ar

cnobda kompetenciebs ganaTlebis dargSi, xolo sxvadasxva Statis

ganaTlebis ganyofilebebi, calkeuli adamianisa da koleqtivis

damoukideblobis dacvis mizniT, mocemul sferoSi srul

Tavisuflebas skolis warmomadgenlebsa da ojaxebs utovebdnen.

analogiuri viTareba iyo inglisSi, sadac ar arsebobda ganaTlebis

saministro da sadac sagrafoebis saganmanaTleblo samsaxurebi

Casaxvis fazaSi imyofebodnen (32,18).

rogorc ”kurikulumis” laTinuri etimologia mowmobs, igi niSnavs

cdas gzebis gakvalvisa, romelsac unda miyvnen mowafeebi, raTa

SeaRwion garkveulwilad manamde auTvisebel teritoriaze. amgvarad,

erTdroulad unda gadawydes, Tu ra unda iqnas Seswavlili, rogor

da ra miznebisTvis. gaerTianebul samefoSi miznebis SerCeva im

sagamocdo centrebis Seqmnam gaamartiva, romelTa mier SeTavazebul

gamocdebzec iyvnen orientirebulni saswavlo dawesebulebebi. Tumca

savaldebulo programebi mxolod 1988 wels gaCnda, rac Sinaur

saqmeebSi Carevad iqna miCneuli da mravali saprotesto aqciis

safuZveli gaxda.

ukananaskneli oci wlis manZilze amerikis esa Tu is Stati

xSirad umkacres kanonebs awesebs diplomebis gasacemad, Tumca maTi

39

gacema saswavlo dawesebulebebis prerogativas warmoadgens. da mainc,

kontrolis aseT gaZlierebas iSviaTad mohyolia savaldebulo

programebis Semotana (18).

rogorc aRvniSneT, kurikulumis Seqmnis idea pirvelad im

qveynebSi gaCnda, sadac ganaTlebis sistema sruliad

decentralizebuli iyo da, sadac sistemis, metnaklebad,

centralizacias cdilobdnen. am movlenam SeiZleba gvafiqrebinos,

rom kurikulumi centralizebuli sistemisTvis absoluturad

gamousadegari dokumentia. Tumca safrangeTis magaliTi sul sxva

WrilSi dagvanaxebs am dokuments. “sinamdvileSi, Tu Cven kurikulums

Tavisuflebis kuTxiT mivudgebiT, mivxvdebiT, rom am dokumentis arsi,

swored, moqnilobasa da arCevanis TavisuflebaSi mdgomareobs.“ _

vkiTxulobT erTerTi frangi specialistis naSromSi (58). marTlac,

safrangeTma ukve mravali welia aitaca kurikulumis idea da danerga

kidec ganaTlebis sistemaSi. am qveyanas decentralizaciis problema

ar awuxebs, piriqiT safrangeTi ukve karga xania ganaTlebaSi

centralizebuli sistemis Sesustebas da saswavlo

dawesebulebebisaTvis meti Tavisuflebis micemas cdilobs. maSasadame,

SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom kurikulums, Tuki is saTanadod iqna

Sedgenili da ganxorcielebuli, centralizaciasa da

decentralizacias Soris erTgvari balansirebis unari gaaCnia.

kurikulumis aTviseba, garkveulwilad, iniciativasa da

pasuximgeblobas moiTxovs. kurikulumis aTviseba arCevanis gakeTebis

saSualebas iZleva, romelzec pasuxs Tavad arCevanis gamkeTebeli

agebs. amdenad, gasagebia Tu ra amoZravebT maT, visac dResdReobiT

surT kurikulumis im sistemebSi danergva, romlebic aRbeWdilni

arian savaldebulo programuli reglamentirebis xangrZlivi

tradiciiT. kurikulumis momxreebs swored am artaxebis moSvebis an

sulac gaxeTqvis imedi aqvT, raTa meti avtonomia mieces saswavlo

dawesebulebebsa da maswavleblebs; raTa SeizRudos centraluri

xelisuflebis prerogativebi da gafarTovdes urTierTSeTanxmebebi

saganmanaTleblo partniorebTan; raTa ukugdebul iqnas metismetad

40

erTsaxovani saxelmwifo saganmanaTleblo normebi da SesaZlebeli

gaxdes maTi mravalmxrivi modulacia.

marTlac, kurikulumi ar kmayofildeba Teoriuli codnis

CabeWdviT mowafeTa TavebSi. mas surs uzrunvelyos pirovnuli

ganviTarebac da moswavleebSi yvela im unar-Cvevis Camoyalibeba,

romelic aucilebelia sazogadoebriv da profesiul cxovrebaSi

Casabmelad. kurikulumma unda uzrunvelyos mowafeTa ` pirovnuli da

socialuri kompetenciebis ganuwyveteli progresi ~ (13). sxva

sityvebiT: kurikulumi aris ` gamocdilebaTa erToblioba, romelsac

mowafe skolis xelmZRvanelobiT iRebs ~ (18) an kidev, `cxovrebis

marTvis Zalisxmeva~ (61).

es ambiciebi saTaves konkretuli socio-kulturuli garemodan

iReben. isini, vinc inglisSi kurikulumis profilze fiqroben (TviT

naklebi SesaZleblobebis mqone skolebic ki), ver daiviwyeben didi

kerZo skolebisa Tu cnobili public school–ebis moTxovnebs,

romelTaTvisac gonebrivi ganviTareba, sportuli wvrTna da

koleqtivSi cxovrebis swavla pirvel planze dgas. SeerTebul

StatebSi igive moTxovnebi gaCnda, Tumca maT sxva safuZveli qondaT:

skolam TiToeul mowafes iseTi ganaTleba unda misces, romliTac igi

sakuTari wvlilis Setanas SeZlebs axali erisa da axali

sazogadoebis aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi (61). bunebrivia, rom swored aq

aris kidev erTi aspeqti, metad macdunebeli maTTvis, visac surs

saswavlo gegmebi da programebi informaciuli codnis primatisagan

gaaTavisuflos da moswavleebi unar-Cvevebis farTo speqtriT

aRWurvos, riTac isini SeZleben Tavi gaarTvan piradi da

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis sul ufro mzard da garTulebul

moTxovnebs.

am orientaciebs kidev erTi yuradsaRebi Sedegi aqvT: informaciuli

codnis SeZena ukve TviTmizans aRar warmoadgens, aramed misi

daniSnulebaa ganaviTaros iseTi kompetenciebi, romelic calkeul

disciplinaTa CarCoebs aRemateba. am SemTxvevaSi saubaria ara imdenad

asaTvisebeli informaciis CamonaTvalis Sedgenaze, aramed unar-

Cvevebis, qcevebisa Tu damokidebulebaTa erTobliobis gansazRvraze.

41

amas garda, Sedegebis Sefaseba, punqtualuri (saskolo ciklTa

dasasrulisas) sertificirebis arsebobis SemTxvevaSic ki,

permanentuli procesi xdeba (6). es midgomebi udaod momxibvlelia

maTTvis, visac ar moswons disciplinaruli zRudeebis metismeti

mouqneloba, an kidev, gamocdebis uaryofiTi wnexi, romelic garedanaa

Tavs moxveuli da mxolod akademiur miRwevebzea orientirebuli.

marTalia, amgvarad Cafiqrebuli kurikulumi mxolod im zogad

CarCod warmogvidgeba, romelic TiToeul saswavlo dawesebulebaSi

konkretul saswavlo gegmad unda gadaiqces, romelic swavlebis

SinaarsSi etapobriv svlas, progresirebas gansazRvravs. Magram,

swavlebis Sinaarsi mosapovebeli kompetenciebis mixedviT SeirCeva,

kompetenciebis daufleba ki, diferencirebuli, gansxvavebuli gzebiT

SeiZleba. amrigad, is midgoma, romelsac moiTxovs kurikulumi

mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba im midgomisagan, romelic eqvemdebareba

yvelasaTvis windawin dadgenil programebs. TavisTavad cxadia, rom

kurikulumis problematika, rogoradac is aq aris warmodgenili,

idealur SemTxvevas gulisxmobs, da ar arsebobs imis iluzia, rom

realobaSi kurikulumi ase awyobilad muSaobs. sxvaTa Soris, amas

miuTiTebs uzarmazari literatura, romelic am Temas did

britaneTsa Tu SeerTebul StatebSi eZRvneba.

amrigad, sakiTxavia Tu ramdenad qmediTad icaven saTanado midgomas

da moTxovnebs is qveynebi, romelTac kurikulumis SedarebiT

xangrZlivi gamocdileba aqvT da isini, visTvisac es jer kidev axali

xilia.

$2. ucxouri enis kurikulumis politikuri aspeqtebi

2.1. saxelmwifo kurikulumis zogadi miznebi plurilingvizmTan

mimarTebaSi

saxelmwifo kurikulumis mizania dagegmos da ganaxorcielos

iseTi saswavlo procesi, romelic urTierTdakavSirebuli

42

elementebisgan Semdgar mravalferovan samyaros gaacnobs moswavles.

moswavle Tavad aris am samyaros binadari da unikaluri

warmomadgeneli. amisaTvis, kurikulumiT gansazrvrul saswavlo

procesSi

a) yoveli sagani unda iswavlebodes, rogorc codnis iseTi sistema,

romelic uSualodaa dakavSirebuli sxva sagnebTan, codnis sxva

sistemebTan. Mmoswavle unda ecnobodes bunebisa da kacobriobis

(civilizaciebis) arsebobis, Tumca gansxvavebul, magram,

urTierTganmsazRvrel aspeqtebs;

b) moswavle unda ecnobodes sakuTar qveyanas, mis istoriasa da

kulturas, msoflios sxva qveynebis istoriebisa da kulturebis

erTian konteqstSi, rac mas sakuTari qveynis istoriisa da kulturis

sworad gagebisa da Sefasebis saSualebas miscems.

g) moswavle unda iZendes iseT codnas, Rirebulebebsa da unar-

Cvevebs, rom man daubrkoleblad SeZlos sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi

monawileoba. keTilganwyobili iyos gansxvavebuli eTnikuri da

socialuri warmomavlobis adamianebis, sxva tradiciebis, kulturebis

da religiebis warmomadgenelTa mimarT.

2.2. saganmanaTleblo dargi, rogorc saxelmwifo kurikulumis

ganuyofeli nawili

saganmanaTleblo dargi, rogorc saxelmwifo kurikulumis

ganuyofeli nawili emsaxureba saskolo ganaTlebis mTavari

saxelmwifo miznis ganxorcielebas : Tavisufali, damoukidebeli,

harmoniuli Ppirovnebis aRzrdas, romelic SeZlebs Tavisi wvlilis

Setanas samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebaSi(4).

43

2.3. ucxouri enis saganmanaTleblo dargi, rogorc kurikulumis

ganuyofeli nawili

saqarTvelo, rogorc evropis erT-erTi wevri qveyana, enobrivad da

kulturulad mravalferovan sivrceSi Sevida. ucxouri enis codnis

gareSe warmoudgeneli gaxda am sivrceSi integrireba da sakuTari

pirovnuli SesaZleblobebis srulfasovani realizeba.

ucxourma enam, rogorc saganmanaTleblo dargma moswavleSi unda

ganaviTaros plurilingvisturi cnobiereba. Ees ki axalgazrdebs

gamoadgebaT saqmianobaSi, sazogadoebriv urTierTobebsa Tu pirad

cxovrebaSi. maT saSualeba miecemaT

• miiRon maTTvis sasurveli ganaTleba ucxour enaze

sazRvargareT an qveynis SigniT ;

• moiZion informaciis internacionalur wyaroebSi maTTvis

sasurveli Tu saWiro informacia ;

• gawevriandnen saerTaSoriso sazogadoebebsa Tu asociaciebSi ;

• monawileoba miiRon gacvliT programebSi ;

• gaacnon da gauziaron msoflio sazogadoebas sakuTari qveynis

kulturuli faseulobebi ;

• imogzauron da kargad gaecnon sxva qveynebis kulturas ;

• gaecnon sxvadasxva qveynis mecnierul Tu teqnikur miRwevebs ;

• gaimdidron codna da gamocdileba da es simdidre sakuTar

qveyanas moaxmaron ;

• daamyaron megobruli urTierTobebi ucxoenovan adamianebTan ;

• dasaqmdnen sakuTar qveyanaSi Tu mis farglebs gareT ;

• iTanamSromlon ucxoenovan partniorebTan saqmianobis

nebismier sferoSi. (6)

44

2.4. ucxouri enis swavlebi roli saskolo ganaTlebis mTavari miznis

ganxorcielebaSi

saganmanaTleblo dargis kurikulumi unda gansazRvravdes imgvar

saswavlo process, romelic xels Seuwyobs Tavisufali, harmoniuli

pirovnebis Camoyalibebas. ucxouri enis swavlis procesSi

moswavleebi unda eziarebodnen iseT zneobriv Rirebulebebs,

SeiZendnen iseT codnasa da unar-Cvevebs, romelic maT samoqalaqo

sazogadoebaSi sacxovreblad moamzadebs. amisaTvis TiTqmis yvela

evropuli qveynis, ucxouri enis kurikulumebi gamoyofen sam ZiriTad

aRmzrdelobiT-saganmanaTlebo mizans:

gonebrivi da fsiqo-emociuri potencialis ganviTareba ;

moqalaqeobrivi Segnebis ganviTareba ;

strategiuli kompetenciis ganviTareba. (59)

2.4.1. gonebrivi da fsiqo-emociuri potencialis ganviTareba.

gonebrivi da fsiqo-emociuri potencialis ganviTarebam unda

uzrunvelyos iseTi pirovnebis Camoyalibeba, romelsac eqneba

o movlenaTa gaazrebis da problemaTa wvdomis unari, anu

moazrovne adamiani. aseT adamians SeuZlia movlenaTa

mravlmxrivi gaanalizeba da Sefaseba.

o problemebis gadaWris unari, anu moqmedi adamiani; aseT adamiani

iRebs pasuxismgeblobas mimarTos saTanado Zalisxmeva

problemis mosagvareblad.

o movlenebis mimarT SemoqmedebiTi midgoma, anu SemoqmedebiTi

adamiani. aseT adamians mdidari fantaziis, warmosaxvis

meSveobiT SeuZlia axleburad miudges yovel movlenas da

gamoavlinos azrovnebisa da gamoxatvis arastandartuli

formebi; axal, moulodnel situaciebSi ipovos gamosavali.

45

o sakomunikacio unar-Cvevebi _ anu iqneba kargi komunikatori .

aseTi adamiani komunikaciur kompetencias operatiulad iyenebs

sakuTari azrebis, gancdebis, poziciis Camoyalibebis, dacvisa

Tu TviTgamoxatvisaTvis, sxvaTa gagebisaTvis.

o informaciis mopovebisa da Segrovebis unari anu kvleva-Ziebis

unar-Cvevis mqone adamiani. aseTi adamiani iCens iniciativas

moiZios axal-axali informacia im sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romelic

misi uSualo interesis sferoSi Sedis. (6)

2.4.2 moqalaqeobrivi Segnebis ganviTareba.

ucxouri enis swavlebam unda uzrunvelyos iseTi pirovnebis

Camoyalibeba, romelic globalizaciisa da eTnokompliqtebis epoqaSi

gamoiCens plurilingvistur cnobierebas ; aseT adamians aqvs

o ucxouri enebis swavlis survili ;

o nebismieri enobriv-kulturuli TviTmyofadobis, rogorc aseTis,

dafasebisa da pativiscemis unari ;

o enobriv-kulturuli kuTvnilebis gancdaA (globalizaciis

epoqaSi mniSvnelovania moswavleebs davexmaroT, gaidgan fesvi

sakuTar kulturul garemoSi, ganicadon da gaacnobieron am

garemos ganumeorebloba. es erTgvarad daicavs maT im

procesisagan, romelic Tanamedrove msoflios emuqreba :

kulturaTa, individualobaTa, cnobierebaTa gaerTsaxovneba) ;

o adgilobrivi, regionaluri, erovnuli Tu saxelmwifo

faseulobebis mimarT pasuxismgebloba ;

o pozitiuri damokidebuleba enobriv-kulturuli Tu

individualur gansxvavebulobis mimarT. (plurilingvisturi

cnobierebis mqone adamiani gansxvavebas aRiqvams, rogorc

simdidres, rogorc kerZo gamovlinebas samyaros

mravalferovnebisa, da ara rogorc mtrul fenomens, romelic

emuqreba misi kulturuli garemos TviTmyofadobas). (5, 51)

46

strategiuli kompetenciis ganviTareba.

strategiuli kompetenciis ganviTareba kompetenciis ganviTarebam

unda uzrunvelyos iseTi pirovnebis Camoyalibeba, romelsac eqneba

TviTganviTarebisa da mTeli sicocxlis manZilze swavlis unari anu

iqneba sakuTar pirovnul zrdaze pasuxismgebeli adamiani. aseT

adamians aqvs maRalganviTarebuli metakognituri cnobiereba (ix. term.

leqs.), rac saSualebas aZlevs iyos qmediTunariani da damoukidebeli

saqmianobis nebismier sferoSi, gansazRvros sakuTari SesaZleblobebi

da moTxovnilebebi, imoqmedos adeqvaturad da operatiulad (6).

2.5. Tanasworuflebianoba kurikulumSi

kurikulumi aucileblad unda iTvaliswinebdes individualuri

bunebis Taviseburebebs – TiToeul moswavles aqvs Taviseburi

gonebrivi da fsiqo-emociuri potenciali, sxvadasxva tipis

SesaZleblobebi, midrekilebebi, interesebi, cxovrebiseuli

gamocdileba da a.S. kurikulumis Tanaxmad unda iTvlebodes, rom

yvela individualobas arsebobis Tanabari ufleba aqvs, amasTanave,

kurukulumi unda moiTxovdes, rom saswavlo procesma xeli Seuwyos

individualobaTa mravalferovnebis gaSla-ganviTarebas.

kurikulumi unda cnobdes azrovnebis pluralur bunebas da

Rirebulebis TvalsazrisiT, Tanabar doneze ayenebdes azrovnebis

yvela tips, iqneba es sametyvelo, logikur-maTematikuri, vizualur-

sivrculi, musikaluri, kinesTeturi, interpersonaluri,

intrapersonaluri Tu naturalisturi (ix. term. leqs.: mravalgvari

azrovneba) (6, 43, 31).

aRsaniSnavia, rom meoce saukunis skolaSi sayovelTaod miRebuli

koncefcia, romelic Rirebulad azrovnebis mxolod or tips miiCnevs,

sametyvelos da logikur-maTematikurs, normaluri ganviTarebis

47

saSualebas uspobs im individebs, romlebic gansxvavebuli unarebiT

arian dajildovebulni. aseT koncepciaze dafuZnebuli swavleba

axorcielebs Tanabrobis ideis gaukuRmarTebas da misi gaigivebas

erTnairobasTan: yvela erTnairad, erTi mimarTulebiT unda

ganviTardes. es gulisxmobs gansxvavebuli individualobebis erT

modelze nivelirebas, individualuri potenciebis SeboWvas,

individualuri mravalferovnebis gaerTsaxovnebas, mniSvnelovani

adamianuri resursebis umoqmedod, auTviseblad datovebas. cxadia,

skolis aseTi koncefcia safuZvelSive uaryofs

Tanasworuflebianobis princips.

Tanasworuflebianobis principis dasacavad kurikulumi unda

moiTxovdes diferencirebuli swavlebis danergvas, romelic

gulisxmobs swavlebis procesSi strategiebis, meTodebis da

aqtivobebis mravalferovani speqtris gamoyenebas, da, rac Zalzed

mniSvnelovania, ase vTvqaT, mravalganzomilebiani Sefasebebis

Catarebas. mravalganzomilebiani Sefaseba parametrebisa da

kriteriumebis farTo sfeqtriT xasiaTdeba, rac xels uwyobs

TiToeuli mowafis specifiuri unarebisa da midrekilebebis

gamovlenas.

Tanasworuflebianobis principiT skola SeZlebs TiToeuli

moswavlisaTvis daxmarebis gawevas, raTa man ipovos is saqme, romelic

yvelaze metad miesadageba unarebisa da midrekilebebs miseul gamas

(6).

$ 3.Uucxouri enis kurikulumis pedagogikuri aspeqtebi

3.1. kurikulumis gamWoli aRmzrdelobiTi prioritetebi

dasavleTis qveynebis saskolo kurikulumebi gansazRvraven sam

saganmanaTleblo prioritets : literacy, numeracy da life skills, romelic

moicavs yvela saganmanaTleblo dargs da maT Soris ucxour enas

(22,53,60,62). Cven SevecadeT qarTuli Sesatyvisi mogveZebna am

48

terminebisaTvis : wigniereba, ariTmetika da sasicocxlo unar-Cvevebi.

amdenad, ucxouri enis swavla/swavleba, kurikulumis mixedviT,

dargis specifiur kompetenciebTan erTad xels Seuwyobs moswavleSi

Semdegi gamWoli prioritetebis ganviTarebasac :

wigniereba

wigniereba gulisxmobs enis flobas, misi saWiroebisamebr

warmatebuli gamoyenebis unars.

Hhumanitaruli dargebis Seswavlisas moswavles saSualeba unda

mieces daakvirdes movlenaTa Seswavlis process, gaacnobieros

movlenaTa raoba, moaxdinos Sedarebebi, daeuflos aTvisebuli

inforaciisa da unar-Cvevis pozitiuri miznebiT gamoyenebis

xelovnebas ;

teqnikuri sagnebis SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs simboloebis

gamosaxulebebisa da terminebis warmatebul gamoyenebasTan. es

yovelive ganaviTarebs da gaamdidrebs moswavlis cnobierebas, rac

wignierebis safuZvels warmoadgens.

ariTmetika

humanitaruli sagnebis swavlebisas moswavlem unda awarmoos

azrobriv operaciebi : daakvirdes da gaanalizos sxvadasxva

kategoriebi, struqturebi, amoicnos movlenaTa funqcionaluri

meqanizmebi, ganaxorcielos deduqcia, induqcia, Sedareba;

teqnikuri sagnebis saSualebiT ki, Tvla, angariSi da a.S. aseTi

tipis azrobrivi aqtivobebi ganviTarebs cnebiT azrovnebas da

Sesabamisad moswavles xels Seuwyobs logikur-maTematikuri

azrovnebis ganviTarebas.


sasicocxlo unar-CvevebSi igulisxmeba is kompetenciebi, romelTa

floba aucilebelia TanamedroveobaSi sakuTari pirovnebis

49

realizebisa da saTanado adgilis damkvidrebisaTvis. kurikulumi

gamohyofs sasicocxlo unar-CvevaTa 3 tips :

• pirovnuli potencialis realizebisaTvis aucilebeli unar-

Cvevebi (mexsiereba, azrovneba, aRqma, warmosaxva,

SemoqmedebiToba, metakognituri cnobiereba);

• socialuri unar-Cvevebi, rac sxvebTan urTierTobasa da

TanamSromlobas gulisxmobs;

• samoqalaqo unar-Cvevebi, rac gulisxmobs samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis aRmSeneblobisaTvis aucilebel Tvisebebs,

rogoric aris arCevanis gakeTeba, iniciativis gamoCena,

damoukidebloba, tolerantoba, piradi da sazogadoebrivi

pasuxismgebloba da sxva. (6,22)

3.2. swavla/swavlebis gageba kurikulumSi (orientacia moswavleze)

axali saxelmwifoebrivi da sazogadoebrivi moTxovnebis

Sesabamisad kurikulumi upiratesobas aniWebs swavlebis im midgomebs,

im meTodebs, romelic uzrunvelyofs moswavlis aRWurvas unar-

Cvevebis qmediTi, operatiuli sistemiT, romlis meSveobiTac isini

SeZleben Tanamedrove mudmivcvalebad samyaroSi cxovrebas da

moRvaweobas. aseT moTxovnas akmayofilebs moswavleze orientirebuli

swavleba.

moswavleze orientirebuli swavleba gulisxmobs swavlebis

dialogur models, romlis drosac moswavle aRiqmeba rogorc

dialogis partniori, romlis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi

Rirebulia da angariSgasawevi. amgvari swavleba xel Seuwyobs

TiToeul moswavles aqtiurad Caebas swavlis procesSi, gaxdes

sakuTar swavlasa Tu qmedebebze pasuxismgebeli, daeuflos saswavlo

procesis marTvis xelovnebas. yovelive amis gansaxorcieleblad

pedagogikas moqmedebaSi mohyavs swavlebis iseTi meTodika, romelic

• aviTarebs da xvews moswavleSi TvTSefasebis unars;

• saSualebas aZlevs mas gamoiyenos saswavlo strategiebi;

50

• saSualebas aZlevs damoukideblad miiRos gadawyvetilebebi

sisusteebis gamosasworeblad.

moswavleze orientirebuli swavleba TiToeul moswavles exmareba

maqsimalurad gamoavlinos da aamoqmedos Tavisi potenciali.

amisaTvis pedagogika iyenebs swavlebis iseT meTodikas, romelic

• klasSi Tbil da keTilsaimedo garemos warmoqmnis, sadac

yvelaze gaubedavi moswavlec ki bedavs sakuTari azrebisa Tu

gancdebis gamoxatvas;

• iwvevs Sinagani motivaciis gazrdas;

• iTvaliswinebs individualur Taviseburebebs da

diferencirebisaTvis iyenebs swavlebis mravalferovan

strategiebsa da aqtivobebs;

• stimuls aZlevs TiToeuli moswavlis winsvlas;

moswavleze orientirebuli swavleba xels uwyobs sasicocxlo

unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas: aqtiuri swavla/swavlebis procesSi

moswavleebs uwevs amocanebis damoukideblad gadaWra, TanamSromloba,

TviTgamoxatva, kamaTi, codnis aqtiuri da mravalmxrivi gamoyeneba.

ucxouri enis saganmanaTleblo dargSi moswavleze orientirebuli

swavleba, cxadia, ucxouri enis komunikaciur swavlebas gulisxmobs.

gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva enobrivi codnis funqcionalur

gamoyenebas da sametyvelo unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas(6).

E

3.3. maswavlebeli da moswavle kurikulumSi

evropuli qveynebis saganmanaTleblo kurikulumebi maswavleblisa

da moswavlis (es standarti gansxvavdeba moswavlis miRwevebis

standartisgan) standarts moicaven. Cven SevecadeT reziumireba

gagvekeTebina sxvadasxva kurikulumSi mocemuli maswavleblisa da

moswavlis standartebisa da mokle monaxazis saxiT gadmogvetana

51

naSromSi. Kkurikulumebi praqtikulad erTsadaimave safuzvelze

dganan:

maswavlebeli – moswavleze orientirebuli swavleba maswavlebels

maRal moTxovnebs uyenebs. igi SemoqmedebiTad unda miudges TiToeul

moswavles, man moswavleTa individualuri diferencirebis

gaTvaliswinebiT unda dagegmos gakveTilebi, sxvadasxva parametrebiT

unda awarmoos saswavlo procesis da moswavleTa Sefaseba, mudmivad

izrunos sakuTar dargobriv da profesiul zrda-ganviTarebaze;

gakveTilze maswavlebeli meTvalyureobs gakveTilis msvlelobas,

warmarTavs interaqcias, iZleva rCevebs, gamoxatavs Tavis

damokidebulebas, Tavis Sexedulebas, stimuls aZlevs winsvlas,

aRvivebs cnobismoyvareobas, amkvidrebs TanamSromlobiT (da ara

SejibrebiT) suliskveTebas, urTierT pativiscemas (5,41,58).

moswavle aris aqtiuri, pasuxismgebeli, swavlobs Tu rogor

iswavlos, afasebs Tavis Sedegebs, zrunavs maT gamosworebaze,

konstruqciul damokidebulebas avlens Secdomebis, SeniSvnebis,

Sesworebebis mimarT; tolerantulia gansxvavebuli azris mimarT;

damoukideblad akeTebs arCevans, iCens iniciativas,

organizebuladDmoqmedebs; SemoqmedebiT damokidebulebas avlens

nebismier gauTvaliswinebel situaciaSi; ganaviTarebs Tavis saswavlo

strategiebs (5,41,58).

daskvna

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

kurikulumi ganaTlebis sistemaSi mimdinare pedagogikuri procesebis

erTgvari koordinaciis saSualebaa. ganaTlebis sistemis

funqcionirebis xarisxs, rasakvirvelia, koordinacia unda

ganapirobebdes, Tumca sakiTxavia, dokumenturad dafiqsirebuli

52

meqanizmebi, ramdenad SeZleben praqtikis xarisxis uzrunvelyofas.

yovel SemTxvevaSi, reformis ganviTarebis am fazaSi evropuli

gamocdilebis gaziareba Cveni qveynisaTvis saxarbielo unda iyos.

meoce saukunis qarTuli saskolo gamocdileba, romelic

informaciis isteriuli aTvisebis aucileblobiT gamoirCeoda,

TanamedroveobasTan mimarTebaSi seriozuli refleqsiis sagnad unda

iqces. kurikulumis danergvis survili, iqneb, Cvens skolebSi am, jer

kidev, gargad fexgadgmuli atavizmisgan Tavis daRwevis mcdelobaa.

rogorc aRvniSneT safrangeTma es idea centralizebuli sistemis

Sesasusteblad aitaca. saqarTvelos am mimarTulebiTac arcTu

saxarbielo gamocdileba aqvs. reforma ki, skolebisaTvis meti

Tavisuflebis miniWebas iTvaliswinebs. Kkurikulumis saTanadod

SemuSavebam da danergvam SesaZloa sistemis decentralizacias

aqtiurad Seuwyos xeli.

53

Tavi III. Uucxouri enis kurikulumis zogaddidaqtikuri

aspeqtebi

$ 1. K komunikacia kurikulumSi

1.1. komunikacia _ ucxouri enis kurikulumis erT-erTi

zogaddidaqtikuri mizani plurilingvizmis WrilSi

D dasavlur sivrceSi ucxouri enis kurikulumebi sxva miznebTan

erTad miznad isaxaven moswavleSi komunikaciuri kompetenciis

ganviTarebas. Aamas iTxovs sazogadoeba skolisgan da am kompetenciis

SeZenas eltvis moswavlec.

termini « komunikacia » Tanamedrove pedagogiur dokumentebSi

Zalian farTo mniSvnelobiT ixmareba. igi gulisxmobs urTierTobas

informaciis gamRebsa da mimRebs Siris. Kkomunikacias ara mxolod

maSin aqvs adgili, roca or an met TanamosaubresTan gvaqvs saqme.

Nnebismieri statiisa Tu wignis kiTxva, nebismieri tele Tu radio

gadacemis mosmena gulisxmobs komunikacias informaciis gamRebsa da

mimRebs Soris.

1.2. verbaluri da araverbaluri komunikacia

socio-lingvistur mecnierebaTa Tanaxmad komunikaciis, ase vTqvaT,

ori teqnika arsebobs : sityvieri (verbaluri) da arasityvieri

(araverbaluri). xSirad arasityvieri Tansdevs da avsebs sityviers.

arasityvieri komunikacia zepirsityvierebaSi aris mimika,

Jestikulacia, gamometyveleba, moZraoba (mag. muStis moRereba, Tvalis

Cakvra, xelis CamorTmeva, mudaris niSnad daCoqva a. S.), xmis toni,

intonacia ; werilobiT wyaroebSi es SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva tipis

ilustraciebi (suraTi, foto, diagrama, sqema, naxati da a. S.),

54

gaformeba, tipografia (xazgasma, gamuqeba, sxvadasxva Srifti, adgilis

gamotoveba). araverbaluri komunikacia Zalian mniSvnelovan rols

asrulebs komunikaciaSi. amitom swavlis procesSi mas saTanado

yuradReba unda mieqces (5,15,16).

1.3. komunikaciuri kompetenciis oTxi komponentiK

literaturuli kvlevebis safuZvelze dadginda, rom komunikaciuri

kompetencia oTx komponents gulisxmobs:

enobriv-komunikaciuri (sametyvelo);

interkulturuli;

interpersonaluri;

intrapersonaluri;

enobriv-komunikaciuri komponenti

enobriv-komunikaciuri kompetencia xorcieldeba 4 ZiriTadi

sametyvelo aqtivobis saSualebiT. esenia :

o recepcia anu aRqma (smenisa Tu kiTxvis gziT) ;

o producireba anu warmoeba (teqstis Sedgena-Seqmna

zepirmetyvelebisa Tu weris gziT) ;

o interaqcia anu Cabma sityvier urTierTobaSi, romelic aRqma-

producirebis monacvleobiT mimdinareobs or an met pirs

Soris ;

55

o mediacia (Targmna, Tarjimnoba, informaciis gadamuSaveba

mesame

pirisTvis – reziume, angariSi); (6)

didaqtikuri moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT swavlebis sxvadasxva

safexurze kurikulumi prioritetul mniSvnelobas ama Tu im

sametyvelo aqtivobas unda aniWebdes.

mag. Cvens mier SemuSavebuli TeoriiT ucxouri enis kurikulumi or

sametyvelo aqtivobas (recefcia da producireba) oTx nawilad yofs

da sxvadasxva saswavlo ciklSi ama Tu im nawilze aqeTebs aqcents.

sabolood es nawilebi Tanabrdeba:

mosmena

laparaki

mosmena

laparaki

mosmena

laparaki

kiTxva

wera

kiTxva

wera

kiTxva

wera

56

interkulturuli komponenti

fsiqo-lingvistur mecnierebaTa Tanaxmad sakomunikacio aqtis

realizebisas aucilebelia adresantisa da adresatis presupoziciebi

Seesabamebodes erTmaneTs, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gardauvalia

uiRblo komunikacia (Saussure, Austin).

saganmanaTleblo kurikulumis komunikaciur kompetenciaSi

zemoTxsenebul aspeqts udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs. mag. ucxouri enis

swavlebis SemTxvevaSi, sakomunikacio aqtis realizeba moiTxovs im

kulturuli Tu socio-kulturuli samyaros codnas, romel enazec

xorcieldeba komunikacia. sicxadisaTvis erT magaliTs moviyvanT:

safrangeTSi kviraobiT xSirad gaigonebT : “arabTan wavedi ». saqme

isaa, rom kviraobiT uklebliv yvela sasursaTo maRazia daketilia (es

socio-kulturul fenomenia, romelsac fesvi qristianul tradiciaSi

udgas). mxolod arabebis mflobelobaSi myofi sasursaTo maRaziebia

Ria. aseTi maRaziebi parizis yvela ubanSi SegvxdebaT. am konteqstSi

« arabi » sasursaTo maRazias niSnavs. vinc es ar icis, ver SeZlebs

informaciis sworad aRqmas anu socio-kulturuli fenomenis arcodna

komunikacias Seaferxebs(5).

komunikaciis realizebisaTvis Kkulturis codna ar aris

sakmarisi : mas Tan unda sdevdes gansxvavebul msoflxedvelobaTa,

gansxvavebul RirebulebaTa, gansxvavebuli cxovrebis wesebis gageba

da aRiareba. ucxo, gansxvavebuli kulturuli samyaros gagebis unars

Tanamedrove samecniero literaturaSi interkulturul kompetencias

uwodeben (29).

interpesonaluri komponenti

gansxvavebulis gagebas niSnavs interpersonaluri kompetenciac,

oRond individualur ganzomilebaSi; igi gulisxmobs gansxvavebuli

individualobis gagebis unars (5,29).

57

intrapersonaluri komponenti, anu swavlis swavla

maswavlebelma icis ra aris swavleba da icis ra aris swavla, ra

unda gaakeTos moswavlem imisTvis, rom iswavlos. magram moswavlem es

ar icis. igi mindobilia maswavlebels da brmad mihyveba mis

miTiTebebs. swavlis swavla (apprendre à apprendre. fr.) swored mowafis

saswavlo procesSi gaTviTcnobierebasa da aqtiur CarTvas niSnavs.

moswavlem unda gaacnobieros

• saswavlo miznebi;

• Tu ra faqtorebi monawileoben swavlis procesSi;

• gzebi Tu saSualebebi, romliTac miznebi miiRweva;

• saSualebebi, romliTac xorcieldeba miRweuli Sedegebis

Sefaseba;

• saSualebebi, romlebiTac xorcieldeba sisusteebis gamosworeba

da a.S.

sainteresoa is faqti, rom bevri specialisti strategiul

kompetencias da intrapersonalur kompetencias aigivebs. erT-erTi

avtori wers, rom Tanamedrove didaqtika efeqtiani swavlisaTvis did

mniSvnelobas aniWebs swavlis swavlas. swavlis swavla moswavles

ganuviTarebs strategiul kompetencias, rac aamaRlebs moswavlis

qmedunarianobas nebismier saganmanaTleblo dargSi da, amasTanave,

moamzadebs ucxour enaTa TviTswavlisaTvis (autoapprentissage. fr.) (42).

marTlac, ramdenadac startegiuli kompetencia gulisxmobs

moswavlis mier sakuTari SesaZleblobebisa Tu saWiroebebis

gansazRvras, sakuTari unarebis, codnis Sefasebas, sakuTari

fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebisa da saswavlo profilis (ix. term.

leqs.) gacnobiereba-gaTvaliswinebas, da, saerTo jamSi, saswavlo

saqmianobaSi sakuTari Tavis marTvas, mas SeiZleba intrapersonaluri

(intrapersonnelle. fr.) kompetenciac vuwodoT(6).

58

ZiriTadi mizani:

komunikaciuri

kompetencia

1.3. amocanebi komunikaciis swavlebisaTvis

evropis ganviTarebuli qveynebis ucxour enaTa kurikulumebis

mixedviT komunikaciuri kompetenciis swavlebisaTvis 3 tipis amocana

aris gadasawyveti

moswavles unda Camouyalibdes saTanado damokidebulebebi

(cnobismoyvareoba, keTilganwyoba ucxos mimarT, enis swavlis

survili da a.S.);

moswavles unda ganuviTardes sxvadasxva kategoriis unar-Cveva

(sametyvelo, interkulturuli, socialuri, strategiuli da a.S.)

moswavlem unda aiTvisos sxvadasxva kategoriis informacia

(kulturuli, enobrivi, samoqalaqo da a.S.) (26,29,59).

amrigad, ucxour enaze komunikaciuri kompetenciis SeZena

gulisxmobs sxvadasxva kategoriis informaciis, unar-Cvevisa Tu

damokidebulebis erTobliv dauflebas(6). TvalsaCinoebisTvis

gamoviyenebT sqemasa da tabulas:

informacia

lingvisturi komponenti unar-Cveva

damokidebuleba

informacia

interkulturuli komponenti unar-Cveva

damokidebuleba

informacia

interpersonaluri komponenti unar-Cveva

damokidebuleba

informacia

intrapersonaluri komponenti unar-Cveva

damokidebuleba

59

lingvisturi

komponenti

interkulturuli

komponenti

interprsonaluri

komponenti

intrapersonaluri

komponenti

informacia enobrivi

informacia

(leqsika,

gramatika,

fonetika);

araverbaluri

informacia

(Jestikulacia,

ilustrireba,

grafikuli

gamosaxuleba).

socio-kulturuli

konteqstebi.

individualuri

mravalferovneba.

Swavlis

xelSemwyobi

faqtorebi da

piribebi.

Uunar-Cveva smena, laparaki,

kiTxva, wera.

Uucxo, gansxvavebuli

socio-kulturuli

konteqstebis gageba;

ucxo kulturul

garemosTan

adaptacia.

Gansxvavebuli

individualobis

gageba.

saswavlo

saqmianobis

warmarTva da

efeqturi

strategiebis

gamoyeneba.

damokidebuleba enisa da

enobrivi

meqanizmebisadmi

cnobismoyvareoba

da interesi;

enobrivi

komunikaciis

survili.

dadebiTi

damokidebuleba

gansxvavebul

kulturul

samyaroTa mimarT;

tolerantoba.

keTilganwyoba

individualur

gansxvavebulobaTa

mimarT;

tolerantoba.

sakuTari Tavis

rwmena;

swavlisadmi

dadebiTi

damokidebuleba;

sakuTari

SesaZleblobebis

Sefaseba/dafaseba.

60

$. 2 Sefasebis sistema

2.1. Sefasebis miznebi da tipebi

Sefaseba kurikulumis Semadgeneli nawilia. is mizanmimarTuli,

sistematuri da Tanamimdevruli procesia. Sefasebis daiSnulebisa Tu

miznebis Sesaxeb sxvadasxva avtors praqtikulad erT gansazRvrebamde

mivyavarT : misi mTavari daniSnulebaa swavla/swavlebis gaumjobeseba

(6,19,27,44,45,53). A avtorebi ori tipis Sefasebas gamoyofen _ formative

da summative. maTi azriT Sefasebis es tipebi saswavlo procesSi

sxvadasxva saWiroebisamebr gamoiyeneba. magaliTad erT-erTi

specialistis azriT, formatuli (formative) Sefaseba maswavlebels

awvdis informacias moswavleTa progresisa da xarvezebis, specifiuri

unarebisa Tu midrekilebebis Sesaxeb. am informaciis gaanalizebis

safuZvelze maswavlebeli gegmavs da gansazRvravs swavlebis kurss,

meTodebs, strategiebs. xolo moswavlisaTvis Sefaseba aris

saSualeba, romelic xels uwyobs swavlaSi mis aqtiur Cabmas da

saswavlo procesis gacnobierebas. igive specialisti Tvlis, rom

somaturi (summative) Sefaseba statistikur monacemebs iZleva da es

mniSvnelovania ara pedagogiuri, aramed administraciuli

TvalsazrisiT (27).

Cven SevecadeT zemoTxsenebul avtorTa naSromebSi mocemuli

Sefasebis miznebi dagvemuSavebina imis gasarkvevad, Tu ramdenad

Seesabameba es miznebi maT mierve SemoTavazebul tipologias.

pirvel etapze Cven amovkrifeT naSromebidan daaxloebiT oci

mizani. damuSavebisas davinaxeT, rom miznebi Sinaarsobrivad erTmaneTs

emTxveoda da gadavwyviteT isini Segvejerebina. sabolood oTxi

mizani gamoviyvaneT:

Sefasebis miznebi :

aamaRlos moswavlis swavlis motivacia da gamoavlinos TiToeuli

moswavlis specifikuri unarebi da interesebi;

61

daexmaros moswavles saswavlo procesis warmarTvaSi;

miawodos moswavles, mSobels, maswavlebels, saxelmwifos

informacia moswavlis miRwevebze standartiT dadgenil

SedegebTan mimarTebaSi;

daexmaros maswavlebels samoqmedo gegmis gansazRvraSi.

meore etapze saWirod miviCnieT miznebis kategoriebad dayofa, raTa

gamokveTiliyo tipebi. Cven amgvari klasifikacia gavakeTeT:

A kategoria

• daexmaros maswavlebels samoqmedo gegmis gansazRvraSi.

B kategoria

• aamaRlos moswavlis swavlis motivacia da gamoavlinos

TiToeuli moswavlis specifiuri unarebi da interesebi;

• daexmaros moswavles saswavlo procesis warmarTvaSi.

C kategoria

• miawodos moswavles, mSobels, maswavlebels, saxelmwifos

informacia moswavlis miRwevebze standartiT dadgenil

SedegebTan mimarTebaSi.

maSasadame, miznebi sam kategorid davjgufeT. Sesabamisad, sami

tipis Sefaseba gamoikveTa. xangrZlivi Teoriuli da praqtikuli

kvlevisa da refleqsiis Sedegad Sefasebis garkveuli tipologiur-

ganmartebiTi sistema SevimuSaveT :

62

Sefasebis tipebi

Sefaseba saswavlo procesSi sxvadasxva mizniT gamoiyeneba. dasaxuli

miznebis Sesabamisad sxvadasxva tipis Sefaseba arsebobs :

Dwinaswari Sefaseba

am tipis Sefaseba yoveli saswavlo ciklis dasawyisSi tardeba.

misi mizania daadginos Tu ramdenad arian mzad moswavleebi

gadavidnen axal saprogramo masalaze, aris Tu ara saWiro garkveuli

xarvezebis Sevseba an mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis Catareba. am tipis

Sefasebisas sasurvelia dadgindes moswavlis fsiqo-emociuri

faqtorebi, romlebic mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben swavlaSi: kerZod,

calkeuli moswavlis motivacia, misi Sexeduleba sakuTar

SesaZleblobebze. amgvari Sefasebis Sedegebs maswavlebeli saswavlo

kursis gansazRvrisTvis unda iyenebdes, Sesaferisi midgomebis,

aqtivobebisa Tu strategiebis SesarCevad.

Mdamxmare Sefaseba

am tipis Sefaseba sistematurad tardeba saswavlo procesSi. misi

mizani SeZenili codnisa Dda unar-Cvevebis ganmtkiceba da moswavleTa

winsvlis xelSewyobaa. Aam tipis Sefasebis saSualebiT maswavlebeli

swavlis procesSi akvirdeba calkeul moswavles da moswavleTa

jgufebs: Tu raSi aqvT winsvla, ra tipis aqtivobebi mowonT an ar

mowonT ; ra tipis Secdomebs uSveben ; ra uZneldebaT, ra

uadvildebaT ; ra aris warmatebis Tu warumateblobis mizezi. am

tipis Sefaseba maswavlebels exmareba gansazRvros calkeuli

moswavlis saWiroebebi da maTi gaTvaliswinebiT individualurad

63

miusadagos damxmare saSualebebi, rac TiToeuli maTganis winsvlas

Seuwyobs xels.

A raTa aRniSnuli tipis Sefasebam saswavlo procesSi qmediTi roli

Seasrulos, aucilebelia Semdegi principebis dacva:

▫ damxmare Sefasebis principebi

_ Sefaseba unda iyos mravalganzomilebiani, raTa moxerxdes

TiToeuli moswavlis specifikuri unarebis gamovlena-moniSvna ;

_ Sefaseba unda iyos pozitiuri da mastimulirebeli ;

_ moswavle aqtiurad unda iyos Cabmuli Sefasebis procesSi ;

_ maswavleblis Sefasebebis paralelurad, moswavle sakuTar Tavs

damoukideblad unda afasebdes. TviTSefaseba ganapirobebs moswavlis

aqtiur Cabmas saswavlo procesSi. igi naTlad dainaxavs, sad aqvs

winsvla, sad uWirs. swored es garemoeba zrdis mis

motivacias.DSedegad moswavle moindomebs warumateblobaTa

gamosworebas ; iswavlis gamosasworebeli saSualebebis dadgenas;

igrZnobs pasuxismgeblobas.

Semajamebeli Sefaseba

am tipis Sefaseba garkveuli masalis gavlis an saswavlo ciklis

dasrulebisas tardeba. Mmisi mizania moswavleTa miRwevebis

raodenobrivi Sefaseba anu niSnis dawera, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi –

sertifikatis gacema. amas garda, am tipis Sefaseba moswavles gare _

erovnuli SefasebisTvisac moamzadebs, romelic arsebiTad imave saxis

Sefasebas warmoadgens.

▫ Semajamebeli Sefasebis principebi

_ Sefaseba unda iyos gamWvirvale __ moswavleebma unda icodnen Tu

ra kriteriumebiT xdeba maTi Sefaseba ;

64

_ Sefaseba unda iyos miukerZoebeli, samarTliani, argumentirebuli

da sando;

_ Sefaseba unda iyos standartiT dadgenil SedegebTan

SesabamisobaSi.

2.2. Sefasebis sagani

• winaswari Sefaseba

amgvari Sefasebis sagania is sabazo kompetenciebi, romelTa floba

aucilebelia momdevno ciklSi gaTvaliswinebuli masalis

asaTviseblad da is fsiqo-emociuri faqtorebi (ganwyobebi,

warmodgenebi), romelmac SeiZleba moswavlis saswavlo procesze

Semaferxebeli zemoqmedeba moaxdinos.

• damxmare Sefaseba

amgvari Sefasebis sagani TviT saswavlo procesi, misi yvela

elementi da faqtoria. magaliTad:

▫ moswavlis damokidebuleba sakuTari Tavis, sagnis, gakveTilis

Tu maswavleblis mimarT;

▫ fsiqologiuri profili (Tamami, gaubedavi, mousvenari, mSvidi,

eqstravertuli, intravertuli, aqtiuri, pasiuri, sakuTar TavSi

darwmunebuli an daurwmunebeli da a.S.);

▫ unar-Cvevebi _ aq igulsxmeba, rogorc dargisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli , ise gamWoli prioritetuli unar-Cvevebi:

kiTxvisa da weris u-C-ebi, sametyvelo u-C-ebi, strategiuli u-C-

ebi, socialuri u-C-ebi da a. S;

▫ informaciis floba. aq igulisxmeba programis SinaarsiT

dadgenili codnis maragi, romlis aTviseba aucilebelia unar-

CvevaTa da codna-CvevaTa ganviTarebisaTvis;

65

amrigad, damxmare Sefaseba

▫ saSualebas miscems maswavlebels, zustad daadginos Tu ra

uWirs TiToeul moswavles da gauwios mas qmediTi

daxmareba ;

▫ daexmareba moswavles, gaacnobieros yvela faqtori, romelic

swavlis procesze xelSemwyobad an Semaferxeblad moqmedebs

da daeuflos swavlis procesis marTvas.

• Semajamebeli Sefaseba

Semajamebeli Sefasebis sagani aris kurikulumiT dadgenili

Sedegebi.

niSanTa sistemaSi sasurvelia aisaxos unar-Cvevebis upiratesoba

informaciis flobasTan mimarTebaSi. amisaTvis meti wona (qulebis

raodenoba) unda mieniWos im sakiTxebs, romelic ama Tu im unar-Cvevas

amowmebs, vidre im sakiTxebs, romelic mxolod informaciis flobas

amowmebs.

mag., informaciis floba: moswavlem icis 1 –10 daTvla; moswavlem

icis ferebi. _ es aris deklaratiuli informacia, magram ar xdeba am

informaciis funqcionaluri gamoyeneba.

unar-Cveva: moswavles SeuZlia miuTiTos asaki; moswavles SeuZlia

aRweros Cacmuloba. _ es aris unar-Cveva, radganac moswavle

informacias funqcionalurad iyenebs. igi informaciis gamoyenebiT

komunikaciur aqts ganaxorcielebs(5).

unda aRiniSnos, rom Semajamebeli Sefaseba standartizebul

instrumentebs iyenebs (amiT is xdeba miukerZoebeli), damxmare ki –

ufro personizebul instrumentebs. Ppirveli uzrunvelyofs

swavlebis Sedegze orientirebas da ganurCevlad yvela moswavlis

erTi sazomiT Sefasebas, meore ki – TiToeuli moswavlis

individualuri potencialis, individualuri unarebis,

midrekilebebis gamovlenas.

66

Tanasworuflebianobis principis safuZvelze damxmare Sefasebebis

monacemebi ar unda daikargos: maTze dafuZnebiT unda daiweros

TiToeuli moswavlis pozitiuri daxasiaTeba, sadac gamoikveTeba misi

potencialis Taviseburebebi. aseTi tipis daxasiaTebebi xels

Seuwyobs

▫ moswavleebs, TavianTi midrekilebebis Sesatyvisi gezi airCion da

moaxdinon srulfasovani TviTrealizacia;

▫ saxelmwifos, rentabelurad gamoiyenos adamianuri resursebi.

Sefasebis xerxebi

Sefasebis mravali xerxi arsebobs; Sefaseba SeiZleba

ganxorcieldes kiTxvarebiT, testebiT, ubralo dakvirvebiT,

sxvadasxva parametrebiT, kriteriumebiT Sedgenili sqemebis

gamoyenebiT, portfolios gamoyenebiT, dialoguri Jurnalis

gamoyenebiT da sxva. Mmoswavlis SefasebaSi mravali gansxvavebuli

xerxis gamoyenebisas, maswavlebeli srulyofil warmodgenas iqmnis

TiToeul moswavleze da qmediTad uwevs maT daxmarebas.

Sefasebis tipologiur sistemas TvalsaCinoebisaTvis sqemis saxiT

warmovadgenT :

winaswari damxmare Semajamebeli

rodis Catardes?

ama Tu im

saswavlo

ciklis

dasawyisSi(weli,

trimestri da

a.S).

sistematurad

saswavlo procesis

msvlelobisas.

Aama Tu im

saswavlo

ciklis

dasrulebisas

(weli,trimestri

da a.S.);

Garkveuli

Tematikis

damTavrebisas

67

ra aris misi

sagani ?

momdevno

ciklis

dasaZlevad

saWiro

kompetenciebi,

fsiqo-emociuri

faqtorebi.

saswavlo procesi. kurikulumiT

dadgenili

Sedegebi.

ra mizans

emsaxureba?

im aucilebeli

masalis dadgena,

romelic

auTvisebeli

darCa.

swavlebis

kursis

gansazRvra

saWiroebebis

mixedviT.

maswavlebelisaTvis

Secdomebis

gamovlena;

siZneleebis

dadgena; misaRebi

zomebis gansazRvra

swavlis donis

asamaRleblad;

moswavleTa

winsvlis

xelSewyoba;

moswvlis

gaaqtiureba.

moswavlisaTvis

sisusteebis dagena

da

gadawyvetilebebis

damoukideblad

miReba maTi

gamosworebisaTvis

kurikulumiT

dadgenil

moTxovnebTan

mimarTebaSi

moswavlis

miRwevebis

raodenobrivi

Sefaseba;

moswavlis

momzadeba gare

_ erovnuli

SefasebisTvis.

ra tipis

gadawyvetilebebs

viRebT?

moswavleTa

saWiroebebis

Sesaferisi

aqtivobebis

Tu

strategiebis

SerCeva

xarvezebis

aRmosafxvrelad

da sasurveli

donis

misaRwevad.

vsazRvravT im

aqtivobaTa tipebs

Tu savarjiSoebs,

romlebic sWirdeba

moswavles

dabrkolebaTa,

dasaZlevad,

xarvezebis

gamosasworeblad.

niSnis dawera;

swavlis ufro

maRal etapze

daSveba;

sertifikatis

gacema.

68

ra tipis xerxebi

gamoiyeneba?

fsiqologiuri

xasiaTis

testebi,

sxvadasxva tipis

kiTxvarebi,

zepiri

gamokiTxva,

weriTi

gamokiTxva,

mSoblebTan,

sxva sagnis an

wina ciklis

maswavleblebTan

konsultacia,

maswavleblis

port-polios

gamoyeneba.

maswavlebisaTvis

testebi, sxvadasxva

tipis kiTxvarebi;

maswavleblebTan;

dialoguri

Jurnali;

sakontrolo wera;

zepiri gamokiTxva;

cocxali situaciis

simulireba;

Sefasebis sqemebi.

moswavlisaTvis –

TviTSefasebis

sqemebi; moswavlis

portfolio.

testireba,

sakontrolo

wera, gamocda,

zepiri

gamokiTxva.

Zalze sainteresoa qarTveli specialistis T. jayelis mier

SemuSavebuli sistema, romelic Cveni samuSaos ZiriTad wyarod iqca.

T. jayeli, agreTve, Sefasebis sam tips gamoyofs da maT

diagnostikur, maregulirebel da Semajamebel Sefasebebs uwodebs (6).

69

2.2. axali saskolo dokumenti `portfolio~, rogorc Sefasebis axali

teqnologia

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, ramdenime wliani muSaobis Sedegad, Cven

SevqmeniT moswavlis Sefasebis sistema, romlis elementebic axal

erovnul saswavlo gegmaSi dainerga. Teoriul nawilTan erTad Cven

SevimuSaveT axali saskolo dokumentaciis seria `portfolio~,

romelic moicavs, rogorc skolis monitoringis meqanizmebs, aseve

moswavlis Sefasebis teqnologiebs. `portfolio~ Tanamedrove

skolaSi ikavebs saklaso Jurnalisa da sxva dokumentebis adgils.

axali saskolo dokumentaciis seria moicavs xuTi tipis dokuments:

• skolis direqtoris portfolio;

• skolis administraciis portfolio;

• klasis xelmZRvanelis porfolio;

• sagnis maswavleblis portfolio;

• dawyebiTi safexuris (I_IV) maswavleblis portfolio

skolis direqtoris portfolio iZleva saSualebas erT

dokumentSi, sistemuri wyobiT iqnas moTavsebuli sxvadasxva

saxis saskolo monacemebi, rac erTmniSvnelovnad efeqturs

xdis marTvas. amasTan, skolis direqtors eZleva saSualeba

awarmoos nebismieri seqtoris monitoringi da aRricxos

dokumentSi maCveneblebi.

skolis administraciis portfolio administracias (sasw. naw.

gamge, organizatori da a.S.) aZlevs saSualebas aRricxos

yvela saxis saWiro monacemebi da awarmoos daqvemdebarebuli

seqtoris marTva-Sefaseba.

klasis xelmZRvanelis porfolios gamoyenebiT damrigebels

uadvildeba misTvis dakisrebuli valdebulebebis Sesruleba:

70

aRricxavs meurveobis qveS myof moswavleTa daswrebasa da

saboloo Sefasebebs; TiToeul moswavleze qmnis

individualur monacemTa bazas. klasis xelmZRvanelis

portfolio momdevno etapebis maswavlebelTaTvis winaswari

Sefasebis wyaroa.

aRsaniSnavia, rom skolaSi aseTi tipis monacemTa baza yovelTvis

arsebobda, Tumca monacemebi gafantuli iyo sxvadasxva furclebze.

portfolio aerTianebs monacemTa bazas da sistemurs xdis mas. mag.,

sagnis maswavleblis portfoliodan saWiro monacemebi gadadis

klasis xelmZRvanelis portfolioSi, es ukanaskneli ki skolis

administraciisa da direqtoris portfolioebis sainformacio

resursia.

dokumentTa Soris, Cvenis azriT, yvelaze mniSvnelovani adgili

sagnis maswavleblis portfolios ukavia. sadReisod reforma skolas

sruliad axal moTxovnebs uyenebs. skolis moRvaweobis qvakuTxedi ki,

maswavlebelia. maswavlebelma unda aiTvisos Tanamedrove

teqnologiebi da danergos saswavlo procesSi.

sagnis maswavleblis portfolio imgvarad aris organizebuli,

rom saswavlo procesSi misi danergviT, maswavlebeli Tavadve

swavlobs Sefasebis axali, aTbaliani, mravalkomponentiani

sistemiT muSaobas. Tanamedrove Sefasebis sistemis es aspeqti

sruliad axal pedagogiur teqnologias warmoadgens Cveni

ganaTlebis sistemisTvis, amdenad, CavTvaleT, saWiroa naSromSi

am sqemebis TvalsaCinod warmodgena :

71

sqema 1

komentarebi ganmaviTarebeli SefasebisaTvis

TariRi klasi gvari saxeli komentari

73

sqema 3

klasis monacemebi Sefasebis monaxazi

klasi moswavleTa ____________________________________________

raodenoba s a g a n i

___________________________________________________________

s a x e l m Z R v a n e l o

trimestri

I II III

saaTebis

____________________________________________________________

raodenoba d a m x m a r e l i t e r a t u r a

kviraSi

Sesafasebeli

komponenti

1 2 3 4 5

komponentis

wona

Sefasebis kriteriumebi

74

sqema 4

Sesafasebeli komponentebis analizi

III trimestri

_____ klasi moswavleTa

raodenoba _______

_______________ sagani

qulebi

komponentebi

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

warmateba

%

SeniSvnebi _______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

75

dawyebiTi safexuris maswavleblis portfolio aerTianebs

sagnis maswavleblisa da klasis xelmZRvanelis

portfolioebs. dawyebiTi klasebis moswavleTa asakobrivi

momentebis gaTvaliswinebiT, am dokumentSi yuradReba eTmoba

moswavlis pedagogiuri da fsiqologiuri profilis analizs.

Aaseve gaTvaliswinebulia erovnuli saswavlo gegmiT

gansazRvruli specifika.

sagnis maswavleblis portfolios SemuSaveba eqsperimentuli

samuSaoebis fonze mimdinareobda. Eeqsperimentireba 2003/2004, 2004/2005

saswavlo wlebSi Tbilisis 151-e saSualo skolaSi franguli enis

gakveTilebze mimdinareobda.

2.3. Sefasebis axali teqnologiebis SemuSavebis procesi da

eqsperimentireba.

dasavlur saganmanaTleblo sferoSi Sefasebis

mravalkomponentiani sistemiT muSaobis sakmao gamocdileba arsebobs.

Cven SeviswavleT araerTi ganviTarebuli qveynis `saklaso Jurnalis~

msgavsi dokumenti da gadavwyviteT Segveqmna Cveni qveynis skolisTvis

gamosadegi dokumenti.

Sefasebis mravalkomponentiani sistema saklaso JurnalSi

sruliad gansxvavebul sqemas iTxovda. es garemoeba garkveul

problemas qmnida, vinaidan Cven ar gvindoda dasavleTis romelime

saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi Seqmnili sqemis analogi gagvekeTebina.

sabolood, SevimuSaveT sqemebi (ix. danarTi 4,5.), romelTa analogi

ucxour sistemebSi CvenTvis cnobili ar aris.

gvsurs naSromSi Zalian mokled aRvweroT sagnis maswavleblis

portfolios sakvanZo seqtorebi :

76

mimdinare Sefasebis sqema maswavlebels saSualebas aZlevs

yoveldRiurad gamoiyenos Sefasebis is komponenti (komponentebi),

romelic Seesabameba mis mier dagegmili gakveTilis mizans, Temas

Tu gakveTilze gansaxorcielebel aqtivobebs. Sesafasebel

moswavleTa raodenobas maswavlebeli Tavadve wyvets.

komponentebis analizis sqema iZleva informacias, ramdenad

efeqturia esa Tu is komponenti da, rogori moswreba aqvT am

komponentebSi moswavleebs.

sqemebze muSaobis dasrulebisas, imTaviTve dgeboda sakiTxi, Tu

rogori iqneboda Sefasebis Sinaarsi, anu ra kriteriumebiTa da

formiT unda Sefasebuliyvnen moswavleebi.

pirvel rigSi Cven SevarCieT komponentebi, romlebsac SevitandiT

Sefasebis procesSi. vinaidan saqme aprobacias exeboda, gadavwyviteT

or komponents davjerebuliyaviT. Cveni arCevani SeCerda

prezentaciaze da kvlevaze. magaliTis saxiT ganvixilavT

prezentacias.

P prezentacia, rogorc Sefasebis komponenti iTvaliswinebs

nebismieri sagnisa Tu movlenis wardgenas auditoriis winaSe, mis

Sesaxeb SemoqmedebiT saubars. CvenTvis mniSvnelovani iyo am

komponentSi bevri elementi (sametyvelo unar-Cvevebi, Sedarebis

gakeTebis unar-Cveva, SemoqmedebiTi unar-Cvevebi, daskvnis gakeTebis

unar-Cveva da a.S.) gagveerTianebina, vinaidan Cvens mier SerCeul or

komponents moswavle mraval ganzomilebaSi unda ganeWvrita. aq,

prezentaciis komponents ganvixilavT.

prezentaciis komponentis raoba CvenTvis gasagebi iyo, Tumca

aucilebeli iyo moswavleebs zedmiwevniT kargad scodnodaT Tu ras

gulisxmobda es komponenti. amasTan dgeboda niSnis daweris problema

_ ratom 7, da ara 8 ; ratom 5, da ara 6 da a.S.

saWiro iyo moswavlis mier kargad Sesrulebuli prezentaciis

maCveneblebis CamoTvla, romlebsac moswavleebi gaecnobodnen.

77

aRsaniSnavia, rom Cvens mier gadadgmuli nebismieri nabiji

moswavleebTan permanentuli konsultaciebis fonze mimdinareobda,

ramac, Cvenis azriT, Sedegi ufro metad efeqturi gaxada.

Cven SevimuSaveT prezentaciis indikatorebi da TiToeul maTgans

mivaniWeT wona. moswavles unda Seesrulebina indikatorebiT

gansazRvruli aqtivobebi da daegrovebina Sefasebis qula.

magaliTad :

prezentacia

moswavle/moswavles

1. dazustebiT gadmoscems sagnis an movlenis Sesaxeb informacias

(2 qula);

2. Txrobisas moyavs magaliTebi/ adarebs sxva sagnebsa da

movlenebs/iyenebs gansxvavebul wyaroebs (3 qula);

3. Txrobisas moyavs sakuTari mosazrebebi/ Sexedulebebi/

Sefasebebi/ daskvnebi (2 qula);

4. Txrobisas iyenebs TvalsaCinoebas (maketi, ruqa, sqema, diagrama,

naxati, modeli da a.S.); (2 qula);

5. Txrobisas iyenebs Jestikulacias, mimikebs, intonacias, swor

fonemebs (1 qula);

Tu moswavle daakmayofilebs I, III da V maCvenebels is miiRebs 5

qulas.

Cvens ganayofSi 12 moswavle swavlobda. moswavleTa moswreba

komponentebis mixedviT Cveulebrivi, saSualo ariTmetikuli wesiT

gamogvyada. Cvens ganayofSi, saboloo Sedegebis miedviT, praqtikulad

yvela moswavle warmatebuli iyo. erTi semestris saboloo

statistikur monacemebs sqemis saxiT warmogidgenT:

78

10qula 9 q. 8 q. 7 q. 6 q. 5 q. 4 q. 3 q. 2 q. 1 q.

prezentacia 5 mosw 5mosw 2mosw

Kvleva 4 mosw 6mosw 2mosw

moswavleTa warmateba erTmniSvnelovnad damokidebulia, maT mier

swavlis procesis gacnobierebaze. Sefasebis amgvari midgomiT,

moswavlem icis ra unda gaakeTos imisTvis rom miiRos dadebiTi

Sefaseba. rogorc wesi, warumatebloba dakavSirebulia

gaugebrobasTan. Tuki maswavlebeli SeZlebs TvalnaTliv daanaxos

moswavles, ra unda gaakeTos man, raTa dadebiTi Sefaseba miiRos,

warmatebamde mxolod qmedebaRa iqneba darCenili.

$3. ucxouri enis swavlebis pedagogikuri, zogaddidaqtikuri da

didaqtikuri aspeqtebi

udaoa, rom aRzrdis nebismieri ideis ganxorcieleba ganaTlebis

pirvelive etapidan unda daiwyos. plurilindvizmis ganviTarebaSi,

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, umTavres rols ucxouri enis

saganmanaTleblo dargi asrulebs. mozardis plurilingvisturi

aRzrda organizebul garemoSi moqmedi mizanmimarTuli procesi unda

iyos. amgvar moTxovnebs saskolo garemo akmayofilebs. Sesabmisad

moswavleSi plurilingvisturi kompetenciis ganviTareba dawyebiTi

saskolo ciklidan unda daiwyos. amdenad naSromis momdevno nawilSi

ZiriTad aspeqtebs nawyebiTi danaTlebis WrilSi ganvixilavT.

3.1. ucxouri enis swavlebis principebi dawyebiTi saskolo

ciklisaTvis

specialistTa erTi nawilis azriT, saskolo sistemaSi

plurilingvisturi aRzrdis danergvisaTvis aucilebelia ucxouri

79

enis swavlebis konceptualuri safuZvlebis arseboba (11,15,20).

2001_2004 wlebSi, konceptualuri wanamZRvrebi Cveni samuSaos saganic

iyo, vinaidan reforma axali saganmanaTleblo dokumentebis Seqmnas

iTvaliswinebda.

daswyisSi, safrangeTis saelCos ganaTlebis proeqtis, xolo

Semdgom ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosa da proeqt `ilia

WavWavaZis~ farglebSi, Cven am sakiTxebze vmuSaobdiT.

Cven davamuSaveT literatura (5,6,17,18,25,27,31,28,54), sadac sakmao

resursi moipoveboda ucxouri enis swavlebis, da zogadad, swavlebis

principebisa da midgomebis Sesaxeb. literaturis damuSavebsa da

praqtikuli gamocdilebis Sedegad, SevimuSaveT Teoriuli sistema,

romelic axali erovnuli saswavlo gegmisa da ucxouri enis

sagnobrivi programebis SemuSavebis konceptualuri resursi gaxda.

gvsurs naSromSi am sistemis mokle, reziumirebuli monaxazi

warmovadginoT:

principebi

ZiriTadi principi: moswavle ganaTlebis sistemis SuagulSia!

principi I. moswavle ganxilulia, rogorc TaviseburebaTa mqone

individi;

am principis safuZvelze, didaqtika mxedvelobaSi iRebs:

a. moswavlis asakobriv Taviseburebebs;

b. moswavlis individualur Taviseburebebs.

principi II. skola aris adgili, sadac unda gaiSalos mozardis

pirovneba da unda ganviTardes misi potenciali;

80

am principis safuZvelze, didaqtika xels uwyobs moswavleebs,

gamoumuSavdeT dadebiTi damokidebulebebi

a. sakuTari Tavis mimarT;

b. sxvebis mimarT;

g. swavlis mimarT;

d. garemomcveli samyaros mimarT;

e. saswavlo sagnis mimarT;

Pprincipi III. moswavlem Tavadve unda marTos swavlis procesi;

am principis safuZvelze, didaqtika moswavles saSualebas aZlevs,

Tavad aRmoaCinos misTvis ucnobi movlenebi. movlenebis amgvar

aRmoCenas Tanamedrove pedagogika codnis konstruirebas uwodebs (53).

codnis konstruirebisas moswavle gamoimuSavebs strategiul

kompetencias. moswavlis motivaciis SesanarCuneblad aqtivoba azriani

unda iyos.

3.2. Tanamedrove midgomebi swavleba swavlis procesSi

bavSvis gonebriv ganviTarebaSi, sensorul-kinesTetikuri da

motoruli sistemebi fundamentur rols asruleben. sensorul-

motoruli sistema aris is mentaluri resursi, romliTac bavSvi

amuSavebs informacias. mozrdilisagan gansxvavebiT mas analitikuri,

sityvieri azrovneba ara aqvs ganviTarebuli (31,47). bavSvis

abtraqtuli, cnebiTi azrovnebis mTavari masazrdoebeli wyaro

sensorul-motoruli sistemaa. amdenad moswavleTa harmoniuli

ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia dawyebiT safexurze swavleba

multisensoruli midgomiT mimdinareobdes.

81

3.2.1. multisensoruli midgoma swavleba/swavlaSi

(filosofiuri da Teologiuri safuZvlebi)

dasavluri msoflmxedveloba gonebas sxeulisagan gamijnulad

moiazrebs, aq azrovnebas gonebas, xolo moZraobasa da grZnobas

sxeuls miakuTvneben. Tumca sensoruli da motoruli sistemebi

rogorc sxeulis, aseve gonebis nawilia. aRsaniSnavia, rom

ganviTarebuli sensoruli da motoruli sistemebi aucilebeli

pirobaa kognituri procesebis saTanadod warmarTvisaTvis. Cven

informacias movipovebT Cveni grZnobaTa organoebis saSualebiT. isini

gadmogvcemen informacias yovelives Sesaxeb, rac Cvens irgvliv

arsebobs. maSasadame, grZnobaTa organoebi erTgvari damakavSirebeli

arxia samyarosa da Cvens Semecnebas Soris.

marTlac, cxovrebis pirvelive xanidan bavSvi samyaros SegrZnebebis

saSualebiT aRmoaCens da Seicnobs. bavSvi iRebs nivTs, akvirdeba

sxvadasxva mxridan; cdilobs, gaigos, Tu ra xmas gamoscems; ynosavs

da pirSi idebs, raTa SeigrZnos suni da gemo am nivTisa. maSasadame,

bavSvi iRebs informacias grZnobaTa organoebis saSualebiT da am

gziT Seicnobs nivTis garkveul Tvisebebs. mxolod mogvianebiT

gaigebs igi, Tu ra lingvistur kods aniWebs ena ama Tu im Tvisebas.

sensoruli sistema mxolod cnobili xuTi grZnobiT (xedva, smena,

Sexeba, ynosva, gemo) rodi gvawvdis informacias samyaros Sesaxeb.

arsebobs kidev proprioceptuli SegrZnebebi: kinesTetikuri,

vestibuluri da visceruli sistemebi, romlebic marTaven Sinagan

SegrZnebebs (14). saintereso iqneboda maTi mimoxilva.

vestibuluri sistema adamianis wonasworobis organoa, romelic

aRiqvams sivrceSi sxeulis mdebareobisa da misi moZraobis

mimarTulebis Secvlas. igi SigniTa yuris nawilia da moicavs apkovani

labirinTis vestibulur parkebs. misi receptorebi ganlagebulia

labirinTis kedlis mxolod garkveul ubnebze. receptorebis

gaRizianebisas warmoqmnili impulsi smenisa da wonasworobis nervis

vestibuluri totiT gadaecema mogrZo tvinis vestibulur birTvebs,

romlebic dakavSirebuli arian tvinis sxva nawilebTan. vestibuluri

82

aparatis gaRizianebis pasuxad icvleba ConCxis kunTebis tonusi, ris

Sedegadac sxeuli wonasworobas inarCunebs (65). amasTanave, is did

rols asrulebs vizualuri gaRizianebisas.

kinesTetikuri SegrZnebebi (motoruli SegrZnebebi) adamianis

sxeulisa da misi nawilebis moZraobis, mdgomareobisa da kunTuri

daZabvis SegrZnebebia. kinesTetikuri SegrZnebebis meSveobiT SexebiTi

aRqmis procesSi aRviqvamT agreTve obieqtur saganTa Tvisebebs (

sidide, simagre, sirbile). Tvalis kinesTetikuri SegrZneba sivrcis

optikuri aRqmis safuZvelia, xolo metyvelebis dauflebasa da

realizebaSi mniSvnelovan rols saartikulacio organoebis

kinesTetikuri SegrZnebebi asruleben (11).

visceruli sistema Sinagan organoTa SegrZnebebs gadmogvcems ( mag.,

kuWis tkivili da a.S.).

raTa ukeT CavwvdeT sensoruli sistemis funqcionirebas, erTi

avtori (Williams J.J.) gvTavazobs aseT magaliTs: patara bavSvs xelSi

uWiravs oTxkuTxa sagani. maSin, rodesac misi TiTebi gars evlebian

sagnis wiboebs, TiTebis kanSi moTavsebuli sensoruli receptorebi (

SexebiTi anu taqtiluri sistema) tvins awodeben informacias sagnis

formis Sesaxeb. imavdroulad, kunTebisa da artikulaciis

receptorebi (proprioceptul-kinesTetikuri sistema) tvins awodeben

informacias TiTebis moZraobis Sesaxeb. tvinSi informacia taqtiluri

da kinesTetikuri sistemebidan integrirebulad modis da iZleva

erTgvar ~suraTs~ sagnis Sesaxeb. Tu bavSvi uyurebs nivTs, am

SemTxvevaSi, agreTve vizualuri sistema miawodebs tvins informacias

da amgvarad ufro srulyofili xdeba ramdenime sensoruli sistemiT

Seqmnili suraTi (63). amgvarad, avtors surs dagvanaxvos, rom bavSvi

sensoruli gziT qmnis erTgvar koncefcias sagnis Sesaxeb.

Zalze sainteresoa specialist makkimis (R.H. McKim) mosazreba am

sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT. erT-erT statiaSi igi wers: “moswavle

magonebs televizors, mas SeuZlia miiRos informacia sxvadasxva

arxiT, Tumca SesaZlebelia, erT-erTi arxi ukeT iZleodes

informacias, vidre sxva. swored es arxi iqceva xolme moswavlis

swavlisa da TviTgamoxatvis ZiriTad saSualebad.~ avtori aseve

83

aRniSnavs, rom xSirad es arxi aireva da informacia xarvezebiT modis.

es garemoeba ki, warmoSobs swavlis xarisxis daqveiTebas.

swavlisas sensoruli aRqmis mniSvneloba saskolo praqtikaSi

TiTqmis arsad aRiniSneba, garda specialuri dawesebulebebisa, sadac

moswavleebs garkveuli problemebi aqvT am mimarTulebiT. Tumca

arseboben moswavleebi, romelnic gonebrivad sruliad normalurad

ganviTarebulni arian, magram garkveul sirTuleebsB awydebian

swavlaSi. magaliTad: zogierTebs SeuZliaT xmamaRla waikiTxon,

magram azrs ver atanen; sxvebs Tavad kiTxvis problema aqvT da a.S.

aseT bavSvebs _ ambobs avtori _ uniWoebsa da zarmacebs eZaxian

skolaSi da xSir SemTxvevaSi “utvinos~ iarliysac akraven (57).

saocaria, magram albert ainStaini, Tomas medisoni da avgust rodeni

skolaSi swavlis periodSi moswavleTa am kategorias miekuTvnebodnen,

rac zogierTTa dasacini xdeboda, xolo zogSi sibraluls iwvevda.

Tanamedrove pedagogika daakvirda amgvar movlenebs da gamoitana

daskvna, rom sirTuleebi swavlaSi ar aris ganpirobebuli moswavlis

ugunurebiT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mravali meTodi arsebobs, romelnic

moswavles swavlis siZneleebis gadalaxvaSi exmareba, albaT yvelaze

efeqturi mainc sensoruli da motoruli sistemis aqtiuri CarTvaa

swavlis procesSi (63). informaciis mopoveba sensoruli sistemiT da

produqtireba (production fr.) motoruli sistemiT unda xdebodes

integrirebulad, Tuki Cven gvsurs, rom bavSvs SeeZlos saTanadod

funqcionireba (fonctionner fr.). werisas ara mxolod xelis moZraobaa

saWiro, aramed aucilebelia mTeli sxeulis wonasworoba, amasTan,

saqmeSi erTvebian kunTebi, romlebic Tvalis moZraobas akontroleben

(14).

specialisti lorein lovilio (Lorraine Loviglio) ambobs: Tu eqvsi

wlis bavSvi ver flobs Tavis moZraobebs da ar gaaCnia sakmao

diskriminciis (discrimination ing.) unari, misTvis Zalze rTuli iqneba,

Tu SeuZlebeli ara, waikiTxos wignis gverdze dawerili teqsti,

gadmoiweros rveulSi is, rac dafaze waikiTxa, an, Tundac, iTamaSos

amxanagebTan erTad. Tu bavSvs SeuZlia moZraobebis kontroli, maSin

84

is daxarjavs minimalur energias fizikuri manipulaciebis

Sesasruleblad, xolo maqsimalur energias, Sesabamisi gonebrivi

manipulaciisTvis.

maSasadame, mozardisaTvis metad martivia fizikuri manipulireba,

vidre gonebrivi. ufro metic, SesaZlebelia arsebobdes aucilebeli

minimumi moZraobebisa, romlebic mozardma dRis ganmavlobaSi unda

Seasrulos, raTa misi ganviTareba normalurad warimarTos. “ Cveni

quCebi, patara binebi da “televizoris yuTi” ar aZlevs Cvens patarebs

saSualebas, Seasrulos mTeli is gama moZraobebisa, rac maT

esaWiroebaT” (49). Tanamedrove pedagogikosTa erTi nawili Tvlis, rom

SesaZlebelia, swored motoruli daukmayofilebloba xdeba swavlis

disfunqciis (disfonctionnement fr.) mizezi (14).

vinaidan motorika mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs bavSvis fizikuri

da gonebrivi ganviTarebisa Tu nevrologiuri Camoyalibebis saqmeSi,

Tanamedrove pedagogikosebi swavlebis dawyebiT etapze “motoruli

aRzrdis” (Education motrice fr.) pirvelxarisxovnebaze saubroben (14).

Tumca “motoruli aRzrdisa” da “multisensoruli midgomis” fesvebs

pedagogikis klasikur sistemebSi mivyavarT.

Jan-Jak rusos pedagogiur TeoriaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili

uWiravs bunebrivsa da Tavisufal aRzrdas. rusos azriT, bavSvebi

bunebaSi unda aRizardon bunebis Sesabamisad da bunebriv pirobebSi:

“buneba ganapirobebs adamianis niWis ganviTarebas grZnobaTa

organoebis meSveobiT”. ian amos komenskis azriT, Semecnebis dasawyisi

yovelTvis SegrZnebebidan gamomdinareobs. igi iziarebs filosofosTa

mosazrebebs, _ “gonebaSi araferia iseTi, rac pirvelad SegrZnebebSi

ar yofila; codnis WeSmariteba da sizuste damokidebulia agreTve

imaze, adasturebs mas Segrznebebi Tu ara.” (10)

“xSir SemTxvevaSi saskolo garemoSi uaryofilia swavleba/swavlis

kinesTetikuri momenti, _ ambobs r..h. makkimi erT-erT konferenciaze, _

Tqven laparakisas mimarTavT Jestikulacias, erTdroulad iyenebT or

_ verbalur da kinesTetikur sistemas. Tuki SeecdebiT laparakisas

SezRudoT Jestikulacia, aRmoaCenT, rom raRac gabrkolebT azris

gamoxatvaSi.” marTlac, xSirad verc ki vacnobierebT, Tu ramdenad

85

srulfasovnad gamovxatavT azrs Jestikulaciis daxmarebiT da

ramdenad xels uwyobs igi Tavad azrovnebas.

kinesTetikur grZnobas multisensoruli pedagogika taqtilur

grZnobasTan aerTianebs da warmogvidgens kinesTetikur-taqtilur

sistemas. kinesTetikur-taqtiluri sistema, r. h. makkimis azriT,

informaciis miRebisa da damaxsovrebis mesame arxs warmoadgens. igi

ambobs, rom moswavleTa umravlesoba audio da vizualuri gziT

arCevs informaciis miRebas, Tumca arseboben “taqtilur-

kinesTetikurnic” (tactile-kinesthesiques ing.). es ukanasknelni ukeT

swavloben moZraobiTa da SexebiT, vidre xedviTa da smeniT. maT

uyvarT Sexeba, xSiri gadaadgileba, sagnis xelSi Wera da TiTebis

moZraobiT daTvaliereba. aseT moswavleebs gakveTilze unda hqondeT

saSualeba, am arxidanac miiRon informacia (57).

mozardis warmodgena garesamyaroze unda daeyrdnos informacias,

romelic grZnobaTa yvela sistemidan iqneba miRebuli. amasTanave,

swavlebaSi multisensoruli midgoma xelsayrel pirobebs uqmnis

specifikuri SemecnebiT-sensoruli Taviseburebebis mqone moswavleebs,

amiT maT sruli TviTrealizaciis saSualeba eZlevaT.

mecnierebis sxvadasxva dargSi arsebul nebismier Teorias

filosofiuri safuZvlebi aqvs. pedagogikis am aspeqtis safuZvlebis

Zieba filosofiur WrilSi, Semecnebis sensualisturi Teoriis fonze

SeiZleboda gagvegrZelebina, Tumca ufro metad sainteresod miviCnieT

multisensoruli midgomis analogiebis moZieba TeologiaSi da misi

saRvTismetyvelo-filosofiuri safuZvlebis ganxilva, miT umetes, rom

am mimarTulebiT arcTu bevri mkvlevari muSaobs.

multisensorul midgomas, rogorc pedagogiuri kulturis erT-erT

umniSvnelovanes gamovlinebas, safuZveli, udaod, tradiciul

(igulisxmeba Teologiuri TvalsazrisiT) kulturaSi unda edos.

amgvari gancxadebis saSualebas sxvadasxva tradiciuli religiebis

ritualebSi arsebuli elementebi gvaZlevs.

religiuri rituali, TavisTavad, samyaroSi mimdinare metafizikuri

movlenebis fizikuri, TvalsaCino asaxvaa. Cven SevecdebiT, magaliTis

86

saxiT qristianuli religiis liturgikaSi movZebnoT

multisensoruli midgomis elementebi da ganvixiloT.

aRsaniSnavia, rom qristianul RvTismetyvelebaSi arsebuli Svidi

saidumlo (naTlisReba, mironcxeba, sinanuli, ziareba, mRvdloba,

qorwineba, zeTis kurTxeva) liturgiaSi realizdeba. axali aRTqmis

saidumloTa gancda ritualis meSveobiT da zogadad ritualSi

monawileobis miReba, RvTismetyvelTa azriT, sulieri zrdis erT-erTi

umTavresi saSualebaa (1 kor., 3,1-4, 1 pet., 2,2). amdenad, qristianuli

liturgika aRzrdis erT-erT formad SeiZleba CaiTvalos.

Tuki CavTvliT, rom liturgia simboloebis saSualebiT iZleva

informacias metafizikuri samyaros Sesaxeb da am gziT xdeba

individis sulieri zrda, maSinve Cndeba kiTxva; ra arxebiT miewodeba

es simboloebi idivids. am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad mivmarTeT

qristianuli liturgiis konkretul elementebs, ramac garkveuli

naTeli mohfina sakiTxs.

liturgiis dinamikuri panorama, rasac pirobiTad Teatraluri aspeqti

SeiZleba vuwodoT, da, rac sasuliero piris aRkazmulobiTa Tu

moZraobiT gamoixateba, amasTanave, saeklesio inventari (xatebi,

Sandlebi, sanTlebi da a. S.) uTuod vizualuri (xedviTi) sensoriT

informaciis gadacemas emsaxureba. miT umetes, rom mRvdelmsaxuris

aRkazmulobis TiToeuli nawili garkveul simbolos warmoadgens.

magaliTad: olari ieso qristes or _ adamianur da RvTaebriv _

bunebas gamoxatavs. SesaZlebelia olari, rogorc saRvTo movlenis

simbolo, vizualuri arxiT ikvlevdes gzas adamianis racionalur Tu

metaracionalur sistemaSi (am sakiTxs qvemoT ufro farTod

ganvixilavT), sadac is garkveul gavlenas moaxdens masze.

aseve, sagaloblis, sasuliero piris mier warmoTqmuli locvis

mosmenisas audio (smeniTi) sistemiT aRqmuli kodi gavlenas unda

axdendes ritualis monawileze. Cvens saeklesio realobaSi xSir

SemTxvevaSi msmenels, SesaZlebelia, arc ki esmodes locvis Sinaarsi

(vinaidan rituali Zveli qarTuliT mimdinareobs), magram is mainc

gavlenas axdens masze. amgvar situacias religiuri adamianebi

konkretuli teqstis madlmosilebiT xsnian.

87

mironcxebis saidumlo pirdapir taqtilur (SexebiTi) sensorzea

awyobili, asevea zeTiscxeba, nakurTxi wylis sxureba, jvars mTxveva

da a. S. am saSualebebiT adamiani fizikurad exeba im elementebs,

ramac masze gavlena unda moaxdinos.

ziareba gustaturi (gemo) sensoris meSveobiT agvarebs RmerTisa da

adamianis urTierTdamokidebulebis problemas: `romelman sWamos

xorci Cemi da suas sisxli Cemi, Cem-Tana hgies da me mis-Tana~ (in., 6.

63)

rac Seexeba olfaqto (ynosviTi) sensors, ritualis dros is aqtiurad

monawileobs qristianis zrdis procesSi: cnobilia, rom

sacecxluridan amofrqveuli sakmevlis surneleba madlis simboloa,

romelic ubiwo mariamis mier naSobma ieso qristem moafrqvia

samyaros. amasTanave, RvTismetyvelTa erTi nawili Tvlis, rom

sakmevlis keTilsurneleba afaqizebs adamianis samSvinvels da qmnis

erTgvar mzaobas madlis miRebisa. maSasadame, SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom

ritualSi ynosviTi sensoris CarTva xels uwyobs sxva arxebidan

informaciis (madlis) Seuferxelad miRebas.

aseve, aqtiurad aris ritualSi CarTuli kinesTetikuri sistema,

romelic pirjvris gamosaxvasa Tu metaniaSi gamoixateba. kinesTetikur

manipulaciebs udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba: “esreT warwymden eSmakni

pirisagan maTisa, romelni gamoisaxven pirjvarsa....” (8)

amgvari analizi saSualebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom “madli” _ es

aris garkveuli metafizikuri informacia, romelic zemoqmedebs

adamianze, Tumca bundovania, adamianis arsis romel rezervuarSi

isadgurebs es informacia _ racionalurSi Tu metaracionalurSi. im

SemTxvevaSi, Tu magaliTad moviyvanT faqts, rom adamianze gavlenas

axdens teqsti, romlis Sinaarsi misTvis gaugebaria, an sxva raime

simbolo, romlis datvirTva misTvis ucnobia, maSin SeiZleba

davaskvnaT, rom informaciis samizne metaracionaluri rezervuaria.

amgvari daskvna SesaZlebelia, elinuri filosofiis nativizmis

(Tandayolilobis) Teoriasac exmianebodes, romlis mixedviT

Semecnebis procesi mogonebis procesia, adamianSi arsebuli codnis,

ideebis mogonebisa. marTlac, Tuki makrokosmosSi arsebobs ori _

88

ideaTa da aCrdilTa _ samyaro da pirveli ganapirobebs meores, maSin

adamianSic, rogorc mikrokosmosSi, unda arsebobdnen isini. xolo

adamianSi arsebuli ideebi, rogorc obieqturi ideebis analogebi,

gavlenas unda axdendnen adaminis “ganpirobebul” yofaze.

ideebis adamianSi Tandayolilad arsebobis Teorias kavSiri aqvs

bibliis SesaqmesTan: RmerTma, romelmac “STabera” adams ukvdavi suli

(dab., 1. 8.), misca mas codna, razec adamis RmerTTan komunikaciis

unari metyvelebs. cnobilia, rom komunikacia komunikatorTa Soris

Tanmxvedri presupoziciebis, garkveuli lingvisturi da semantikuri

kategoriis codnis arsebobas moiTxovs. adami RmerTs elaparakeboda,

maSasadame, is RmerTis enaze saubrobda, vinaidan ena, romelzec adami

laparakobda, adamis Semoqmedis, RmerTis qmnileba unda yofiliyo.

amrigad, adamiani, rogorc ukvdavi sulis matarebeli, oboeqturi

codnis matarebelic unda iyos.

platonis azriT, mogonebis procesSi mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben

grZnobadi sagnebi (2), maSasadame simbolo sensoruli arxebiT

SesaZlebelia awevdes adamianis racionalur an metaracionalur

rezervuarSi da aaqtiurebdes simbolos Sesabamis ideebs.

platonisave azriT, suli adamianis arsebaa da misi unari azrovnebaSi

vlindeba (2). Tuki am debulebas yovelive zemoT xsenebulTan

SevajerebT, qristianul liturgiaSi multisensoruli midgomis

problemasTan dakavSirebiT Semdegi daskvnis gamotana SeiZleba:

ritualSi miwodebuli simbolo sensoruli arxiT gzas ikvlevs

metaracionalur (ideaTa) rezervuarSi, gaaaqtiurebs Sesabamis ideebs,

xolo gaaqtiurebuli ideebi impulsebs aZlevs racionalur sistemas.

swored aq vlindeba “suli azrovnebaSi”, da am gziT xdeba individis

sulieri zrda.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, mecnierebaTa sistemaSi nebismier Teorias

filosofiuri safuZvlebi aqvs. Tumca, albaT, gansakuTrebiT

sagulisxmoa is garemoeba, rom multisensoruli midgoma, rogorc

pedagogiuri Teoria, ara mxolod filosofiur, aramed Teologiur

safuZvlebzec dgas da, rac mTavaria, es pedagogiuri mimarTuleba,

89

SeiZleba iTqvas, aRzrdis saRvTismetyvelo strategiiT

xelmZRvanelobs.

3.3. ucxouri enis swavlebis struqtura da Sinaarsi dawyebiT

safexurze

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, Cven vmuSaobdiT ucxouri enis swavlebis

axal formasa da Sinaarsze saqarTvelos skolebSi. vfiqrobT,

saintereso iqneba naSromSi warmovadginoT Cvens mier SemuSavebuli

dawyebiT safexurze ucxouri enebis swavlebis koncefcia da

standarti. unda aRiniSnos, rom koncefciac da standartic Cveni

kvleviTi samuSaos Sedegs warmoadgenen da gamomdinareoben naSromSi

mocemuli pedagogikuri analizidan.

3.3.1 ucxouri enis swavlebis koncefcia dawyebiTi safexurisaTvis

miznebi :

dawyebiT klasebSi ucxouri enebis swavla/ swavlebis mizania, erTis

mxriv, fsiqikuri ganviTarebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT,

moswavleebSi maqsimalurad ganaviTaros is SesaZleblobebi da

kompetenciebi, romelic momavalSi xels Seuwyoben Tavisufali,

harmoniuli pirovnebis Camoyalibebas, da, meores mxriv, maTSi Cados is

aucilebeli safuZveli, romelic warmatebul swavlas uzrunvelyofs

swavlis momdevno safexurebze. amisaTvis saganmanaTleblo dargi

miznad isaxavs ganaviTaros, rogorc specifiuri kompetenciebi, aseve,

dawyebiTi saskolo ciklis gamWoli prioritetebi.

90

gamWoli prioritetebi :

▫ sasicocxlo unar Cvevebi;

▫ socializacia;

▫ moqalaqeoba;

▫ swavlis swavla;

▫ sagnis specifikuri kompetenciebi.

gamWoli prioritetebis saTanadod gaazreba aRzrdis mesveurTa

uniSvnelovanesi daniSnulebaa. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es is pirovnuli

maxasiaTeblebia, romelTa ganviTarebaSi saskolo ciklSi Semavalma

yvela saganma Tavisi wvlili unda Seitanos (swored amitom qvia

gamWoli.). Zalian xSirad, ama Tu im sagnis swavlebisas, maswavlebeli

ar iTvaliswinebs gamWol prioritetebs da sagani raRac

mTlianobisgan mowyvetil sakuTar naWuWSi myof movlenad aRiqmeba

moswavlis mier. gamWoli prioritetebis kurikulumSi dokumenturad

dafiqsireba kidev erTxel Seaxsenebs maswavlebels, rom kerZo sagani

erTi mTliani ganaTlebis nawilia da musika, iseve rogorc qimia da

istoria moswavlis mizanmimrTul aRzrdas emsaxureba.

raTa ukeT CavwvdeT Tu ra igulisxmeba Cvens mier SemuSavebul

gamWol prioritetebSi, ganvixilavT TiToeul maTgans.

1) sasicocxlo unar-Cvevebi:

personaluri potencialis ganviTareba :

_ xedviTi, smeniTi mexsiereba;

_ aqtiuri yuradRebis gamomuSaveba;

_ nebisyofa (nebelobiTi aqtivobis gamomuSaveba- ganmtkiceba);

_ warmosaxva, fantazia;

_ sensorul-kinesTeturi sistemis ganviTareba (SegrZnebebis,

ganviTareba-gamaxvileba).

91

2) socializacia:

_ am asakisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli egocentruli mdgomareobidan

gamosvla: erTmaneTis mosmena, erTmaneTisaTvis angariSis gaweva, _

TanamSromloba (wyvilSi, jgufTan);

_ koleqtiuri cxovrebis wesebis dacva da pativiscema;

_ impulsuri qcevebisagan TavSekaveba.

3) moqalaqeoba:

_ kulturuli mravalferovnebis gacnobiereba;

_ lokaluri Tu msoflio masStabis zogierTi didi problemis

gacnobiereba;

_ individualuri gansxvavebulobis aRmoCena da pativiscema.

4) swavlis swavla:

_ swavlis procesis organizeba (nivTebis momzadeba, skolaSi da

saxlSi mecadineobebis dagegmva da a.S.);

_ swavlaSi Semaferxebeli da xelisSemwyobi faqtorebis aRmoCena

(dakvirveba, Tu ra saSualebebiT uadvildeba swavla, ra garemoebebi

xdis rTuls swavlas da a.S.).

5) sagnis specifiuri kompetenciebi :

_ ucxour enaze martivi komunikacia;

_ fonemebis sworad aRqma da gamoTqma;

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zogadi amocanebi:

dawyebiT safexurze, dasaxuli miznebis misaRwevad 2 tipis zogadi

amocanaa gadasawyveti:

1) moswavles unda Camouyalibdes Semdegi damokidebulebebi:

_ gancda imisa, rom misi individualoba ganumeorebelia da Zvirfasi;

_ sakuTari Tavisadmi rwmena;

_ motivacia enis swavlisaTvis;

_ ucxouri enis xalisiT da siamovnebiT swavla;

_ ucxo samyaros mimarT cnobismoyvareoba;

_ TanamSromlobiTi suliskveTeba.

2) moswavles unda gamoumuSavdes sxvadasxva tipis unar-Cveva:

_ sakuTari gonebrivi da fsiqo-emociuri potencialis amoqmedeba-

gamoyenebis unari informaciis aRsaqmelad, dasamuSaveblad Tu

Sesaqmnelad;

_ komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebi, romelic gulisxmobs, erTis mxriv,

sametyvelo unar-Cvevebs – smena, laparaki, kiTxva, wera, meores mxriv,

socialur, interpersonalur da interkulturul unar-Cvevebs;

_ swavlis unar-Cvevebi – saswavlo saqmianobis organizeba (6).

3.3.2. ucxouri enis, rogorc saswavlo sagnis pedagogikuri safuZvlebi

da struqtura dawyebiT safexurze.

dawyebiT safexurze swavlis manZilze modis sami asakobrivi faza

– saSualo bavSvoba, gviani bavSvoba da mozrdilobis pirveli –

93

winapubertetuli faza (7). ucxouri enebis swavlebis pirveli sami

weli, II, III da IV klasebi, ZiriTadad emTxveva I da II fazas, bolo ori

weli ki (V, VI kl.) – III fazas (aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom ganaTlebisa

da mecnierebis saministros gadawvetilebiT, erovnul saswavlo

gegmaSi ucxouri enis swavleba III klasidan iwyeba. Tumca, vinaidan

erovnuli saswavlo gegma Ria dokumentia da cvlilebebs

eqvemdebareba, gadamuSavebis momdevno etapze saministros kvlavac

mivawodebT rekomendacias II klasidan ucxouri enis swavlebis

dawyebis Sesaxeb). am fazebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli asakobrivi

Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, swavlebis pirvel sam wels sagnis

struqtura gansxvavebul saxes miiRebs, vidre V da VI klasebSi :

pirvel wlebSi ucxouri enis swavlebisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda

iqnas mozardis fsiqikuri ganviTarebis iseTi Taviseburebebi, rogoric

aris gafantuli yuradReba, moqnili fonetikuri aparati, interesi

garesinamdvilis mimarT, arasityvieri – xatovani azrovneba, enasTan

urTierTobis survili ara komunikaciis, aramed garTobis, siamovnebis

miRebis mizniT ( simRera, gaTvlebi, leqsebi, rolebis gaTamaSeba,

repetituli sabavSvo nawarmoebebis mosmena da gameoreba da a.S.). am

Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare swavla/swavlebis am etapze

mniSvneloba mieniWeba moswavleebSi, ara imdenad, komunikaciuri

kompetenciis ganviTarebas, ramdenadac, dadebiTi damokidebulebebis

Camoyalibebas sakuTari Tavis, Sesaswavli sagnisa Tu swavlis mimarT.

mozardebma unda Seiyvaron ucxouri enis swavlis procesi da TviT

ucxouri ena da kultura. swavlebis dawyebiT etapze es priorituli

mizani iqneba, romlis ganxorcielebasac pedagogiuri Zalisxmeva

moemsaxureba.

saWiroa gavacnobieroT, rom Cvens epoqaSi, romelic Rirebulebebis

saSineli krizisiT xasiaTdeba, xalisi, motivacia, keTilganwyoba,

siamovneba, sixaruli warmoadgens im faqtorebs, romelic realurad

gauRvivebs Cvens bavSvebs swavlis survils. sworedac, swavlebam

mozardis motivacia unda gaaRvivos. amisaTvis, swavlebis pirvel

wlebSi gakveTili maqsimalurad dinamiuri unda iyos. es, erTis mxriv,

gulisxmobs erTi Tematikis, erTi masalis irgvliv sxvadasxva tipis

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aqtivobebis swraf cvlas da, meores mxriv, Tavad masalis cvlasac.

rac Seexeba enobriv sferos, meti wili daeTmoba smenasa da laparaks,

rac xels Seuwyobs enis funqcionaluri gamoyenebis Cvevis

gamomuSavebas (6).

dawyebiTi safexuris zeda etapze (V, VI klasebSi) ucxouri enis

swavlebam unda gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi Taviseburebebi : moTxovnileba

damoukidebeli moqmedebisadmi; garesamyarosadmi interess emateba

interesi Sidasamyarosadmi, anu sakuTari pirovnebisadmi; socialur-

volituri momwifeba; sityvieri azrovnebis formireba; nebisyofis

ganmtkiceba da yuradRebis koncentrirebis unari (7,3.). swavlebis am

etapze, SeiZleba swavleba/swavlam gezi aiRos ucxouri enis swavlebis

zogadi miznisaken – ucxour enaze komunikaciuri kompetenciis

ganviTareba. gakveTilis msvlelobaSi aRar iqneba aqtivobaTa swrafi

cvlis saWiroeba. mniSvnelovan adgils daikavebs swavlis swavla. am

etapze, ukve, enobriv sferoSi, yuradReba Tanabrad ganawildeba

oTxive sametyvelo aqtivobaze (smena, laparaki, kiTxva, wera).

interkulturuli kompetenciebis gasaviTareblad, dawyebiT

saskolo safexurze swavlebis procesSi, gamoyenebuli iqneba iseTi

konteqstebi, romlebic am mimarTulebiT miipyrobs moswavlis

yuradRebas (ucxo samyaroSi mimdinare saintereso kulturuli

movlenebi.).

interpersonaluri da intrapersonaluri unarebis gasaviTareblad

gakveTilze mozardebs saSualeba miecemaT isaubron sakuTar

Tavze; gamoavlinon TavianTi pirovnebis sxvadasxva mxare –

gancdebi, gatacebebi, gemovneba, Sexedulebebi, ocnebebi, sayvareli

saqmianobebi, sayvareli personaJebi, cxovrebiseuli istoriebi da

sxva; gaecnon TanaklaselTa Tu ucxoenovan TanatolTa sulier

samyaros. am gziT isini SeZleben ganicadon sakuTari Tu sxvisi

unikaluroba, iswavlon pirovnebaTa dafaseba, iswavlon

urTierTmosmena, urTierTgageba, urTierTTanadgoma. Amgvarad isini

gaxdebian metad Semwynarebelni erTmaneTisa Tu sxvebis mimarT.

95

yovelive es xels Seuwyobs klasSi keTilsaimedo garemos Seqmnas,

sadac mozardi Tavs daculad igrZnobs da SeZlebs pirovnul

gaSla-ganviTarebas. dawyebiTi safexuris moswavlis fsiqikuri

ganviTarebis Taviseburebebs sqematurad warmovadgenT:

Kklasebi II,III,IV V,VI

gasaTvaliswinebeli

asakobrivi

Taviseburebebi

• gafantuli yuradReba;

• moqnili fonetikuri aparati;

• enis gamoyeneba siamovnebisaTvis;

• cnobismoyvareoba;

• arasityvieri, xatovani

azrovneba;

• yuradRebis koncentrireba;

• damoukidebeli moqmedebis

moTxovnileba;

• socialur-volituri momwifebis

dasawyisi;

• sityvieri azrovnebis

formireba;

• enis komunikaciuri mizniT

gamoyenebis survili;

swavlebis procesi • maqsimaluri dinamiuroba –

aqtivobebis swrafi cvla;

• masalis xSiri cvla;

• meti wili datvirTva – smenasa

da laparakze;

• upiratesad gamoiyeneba iseTi

tipis aqtivobebi,

romelTac moqmedebaSi

mohyavs

1. mravalgvari azrovneba:

logikuri (raime amocanis

gadaWra), musikaluri (simRera),

sivrculi (patara scenebis

dadgma), kinesTeturi (mimika,

gaferadeba da a.S.),

2. grZnobis orgaoebi: smeniTi,

xedviTi, SexebiTi, da a.S.

• swrafi cvlis saWiroeba aRar

aris;

• orientireba swavlis swavlaze;

• sametyvelo aqtivobebis (smena,

laparaki, kiTxva, wera)

gaTanabreba;

• TandaTanobiT moimatebs

aqtivobebi, romlebic sityvier

azrovnebas aamoqmedebs.

prioritetuli mizani • dadebiTi damokiduleba

sakuTari Tavis, swavlis,

ucxouri enisa da

kulturis mimarT;

• ucxour enaze elementaruli

komunikaciis unari;

• komunikaciuri kompetencia

96

3.3.3. dawyebiTi safexuris ucxouri enis saswavlo standartis Teoria

U ucxouri enis swavleba dawyebiT klasebSi eqvsi mimarTulebiT

gaiSleba : mosmena, laparaki, kiTxva wera,

interkultura/interpersonaluroba, swavlis swavla anu

intrapersonaluroba. II-VI klasebis, zogad, kurikulumSi dadgenili

moTxovnebi warmodgenilia sam safexurad. safexurebrivi dayofiT

ufro naTlad gamoikveTeba is kompetenciebi, romelic swavlebis ama

Tu im etapze dominantobs. U unda SevniSnoT, rom Cvens naSromSi

vcdilobT davadginoT mosalodneli Sedegebi, romlebsac moswavlem

unda miaRwios swavlis ama Tu im safexurze. detalur kurikulumSi

Sedegebi da saswavlo masalis moculoba gawerelili unda iyos

wlebis mixedviT. amas garda, SevniSnavT, rom aq Sedegebi zogadi saxiT

aris warmodgenili, detalur kurikulumSi ki TiToeuli Sedegi

gaiSleba da da ufro konkretul saxes miiRebs, sadac misaRwevi

Sedegebi da saswavlo masalis moculoba mocemuli iqneba detalurad

TiToeuli klasis mixedviT.

I safexuri

pirveli safexuri moicavs ucxo enis swavlebis pirvel weliwads,

(II klass). swavlebis am safexurze ZiriTadi yuradReba daeTmoba

smenisa da laparakis unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas. saqme isaa, rom

moswavle mSobliur enaze ukve dauflebulia am Cvevebis avtomaturad

ganxorcielebas. amdenad, ucxour enaze smenisa da laparakis unar-

Cvevebis SeZena misgan gansakuTrebul Zalisxmevas ar saWiroebs.

amrigad, ucxour enaze smenisa da laparakis swavla ar gamoiwvevs

dabrkolebebs. amasgarda, enis bunebrivi swavla swored smeniT da

laparakiT iwyeba. mocemul asakSi moswavleebs gansakuTrebulad

moqnili fonematikuri sistema aqvT. sasurvelia am unaris

97

maqsimalurad gamoyeneba, rac prioritetul mniSvnelobas aniWebs

mosmenilis reproduqcirebas.

sul sxva viTarebaa werasa da kiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT. am etapze

moswavleeTa didi nawili jer kidev Tavisuflad ar flobs kiTxvisa

da weris saTanado unar-Cvevebs mSobliur enaSi. amitom, swavlebis am

etapze mizanSewonili ar aris moswavleebis am mimarTulebiT

gadatvirTva. Sesabamisad kiTxvis mimarT wayenebuli moTxovnebi

elementarulia, weris swavlebis dawyeba gadatanilia Semdeg

safexurze (15,20).

mniSvnelovania swavlebis pirvelive safexuridan zrunva rogorc

interkulturuli, ise interpersonaluri kompetenciebis

CamoyalibebisaTvis. amisaTvis moswavleebis yuradReba unda

gamaxvildes individualur Tu kulturul Taviseburebebze, romlebic

maTTvis saintereso da konkretul konteqstebSi vlindeba (mag., axali

wlis dResaswauli ucxo qveyanaSi.).

rac Seexeba swavlis swavlas, pirvel wlebSi prioritetuli

mniSvneloba mieniWeba swavlis warmarTvisaTvis aucilebeli wesrigis

dauflebas. moswavleebs CvevaSi unda gaujdeT : saskolo nivTebis

movla, saWiro nivTebis Tan tareba, maswavleblis da erTmaneTis

mosmena, damoukideblad, wyvilSi da jgufSi muSaoba. moswavleebi

aiTviseben elementarul saswavlo strategiebs(6,20).

II safexuri

meore safexuri aerTianebs ucxo enis swavlebis meore da mesame

wlebs (III da IV klasebi). swavlebis am etapze grZeldeba

fonematikuri smenisa da warmoTqmis daxvewa. izrdeba smenisa da

laparakis unar-Cvevebis komunikaciuri mizniT gamoyenebis moTxovna.

moswavleebma unda SeZlon elementarul dialogebSi monawileoba.

swavlebis am safexurze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba werisa da

98

kiTxvis teqnikis dauflebas, radganac swored am etapze unda

daeuflos moswavle ucxour enaze werisa da kiTxvis motorul

Cvevebs (24). grZeldeba interkulturuli da interpersonaluri

kompetenciis ganviTareba, romelic efuZneba am asakisaTvis

damaxasiaTebeli garesinamdvilisken mimarTul cnobismoyvareobas.

izrdeba moTxovnebi swavlis swavlaSi(6).

III safexuri

am etapisaTvis (V da VI klasebi), moswavle ucxour enaSi flobs

garkveul informaciasa da unar-Cvevebs, amasTanave igi fsiqikuri

ganviTarebis axal fazaSi Sedis (7). es faqtorebi swavlebis procesSi

mravalferovani da kompleqsuri teqstebis gamoyenebis saSualebas

iZleva, gansakuTrebiT es Seexeba recefciuli (aRqmiTi) unar-Cvevebs –

mosmenasa da kiTxvas. moswavleebi euflebian kiTxvisa da mosmenis

gansxvavebul teqnologiebs. ufro mdidar da kompleqsur masalas

daefuZneba interkulturuli kompetenciis ganviTareba, ris

saSualebasac iZleva am asakis moswavlis codnisa da interesTa

sferos gafarToeba.

am asakobriv fazaSi myofi moswavlis sul ufro mzardi

moTxovnileba, rom is scnon sakuTar qmedebebze pasuxismgebel pirad,

Zalian xelsayrel pirobas uqmnis im unar-Cvevebisa da

damokidebulebebis Camoyalibebas, romelsac gulisxmobs strategiuli

kompetencia(16).

3.3.4. dawyebiTi safexuris ucxouri enis saswavlo standarti

U dawyebiTi safexuris ucxouri enis standartis Sesaqmnelad Cven

meore enisa da ucxouri enis mowinave meTodebi (igulisxmeba

99

saxelmZRvaneloebi) gamoviyeneT. sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom meTodebis

TiToeul Tematur erTeuls standartis msgavsi teqsti gaaCnia, anu

maswavlebelmac da moswavleebmac ician ra Sedegi unda miiRon

Tematuri erTeulis dasrulebisas.

Cven saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli Sedegebi ganvazogadeT. amasTanave,

davamuSaveT evrosabWos ganaTlebis komitetisa da ucxouri enebis

ofisis mier SemuSavebuli enis codnis CarCo-dokumenti da

SevimuSaveT zogadi saxis standarti safexurebis mixedviT(41,58).

standarti struqturirebulia sqemaSi mimarTulebebis mixedviT da

warmodgenilia Sedegebis saxiT. TiToeul mimarTulebas Tan axlavs im

aqtivobebis CamonaTvali, romlTa gamoyenebiTac SesaZlebelia

miRweul iqnas Sedegebi. warmogidgenT tabulas:

Mmosmena I safexuri

(2 klasi)

II safexuri

(3-4 klasi)

III safexuri

(5-6 klasi)

Sedegebi

.moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. Sesabamisi

ucxouri enis

sxvebisagan

garCeva.

2. mikroteqstebSi

nacnobi sityvebis,

martivi

winadadebebis

amocnoba, Tuki

isini nela da

garkveviT aris

warmoTqmuli.

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. didaqtizebuli

mcire zomis

teqstebis gageba,

Tuki isini nela

da garkveviT

warmoiTqmeba.

moswavles

SeuZlia :

1.

didaqtizirebuli

teqstis gageba;

2. mcire zomis

avTenturi

teqstebis gageba,

Tuki isini

moswavlisaTvis

nacnob Tematikas

Seexeba.

Ddamxmare

aqtivobebi da

strategiebi

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli

unda iyos

SemdegSi:

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli

unda iyos

SemdegSi:

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli

unda iyos

SemdegSi:

100

1. bgerebis smeniT

garCeva;

2. intonaciebis

garCeva;

3. teqstis

gasagebad

araverbaluri

elementebis

(intonacia, xmis

toni, teqstis

Tanmxlebi

xmauri...)

moSvelieba.

1. teqstSi

mocemuli

Sinaarsis

gasarkvevad

saTanado

strategiebis

gamoyeneba;

2. miRwevebis

TviTSefaseba.

1. teqstis zogadi

Sinaarsisa Tu

detaluri

informaciis

dasadgenad

Sesabamisi

strategiebis

gamoyeneba ;

2. miRwevaTa

TviTSefaseba.

Llaparaki

I safexuri

(2 klasi)

II safexuri

(3-4 klasi)

III safexuri

(5-6 klasi)

Sedegebi

reproducireba:

moswavles SeuZlia:

1. teqstebis zepirad

Tqma (leqsebi,

simRerebi) .

dialoguri metyveleba

moswavles SeuZlia :

1. ganvlili masalis

farglebSi kiTxvebze

pasuxis gacema, Tu

Tanamosaubre nela da

garkveviT esaubreba.

reproducireba

moswavles SeuZlia :

1. teqstebis zepirad Tqma

(leqsebi,mikrodialogebi).


moswavles SeuZlia :

1. martiv dialogebSi

monawileoba, Tu

Tanamosaubre moswavles

komunikaciaSi exmareba da

sasaubro Tema moswavles

da mis uSualo

garemocvas exeba.

monologuri metyveleba

moswavles SeuZlia :

1.martivi struqturebis

da gavlili leqsikis

gamoyenebiT moyola,

aRwera imisa, rac UUTavad

an mis uSualo

garemocvas exeba.


moswavles SeuZlia :

1. yoveldRiur

situaciebSi Tavi

gaarTvas komunikacias

(mag. telefoniT

saubari, yidva, milocva

da a.S.);

2. Caebas martiv

msjelobaSi, Tu Tema

misi interesis sferos

an yovelRdiur

cxovrebas exeba (mag.

skola, sporti, musika

da a.S.).

Monologuri

metyveleba

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. Tanamimdevrulad

moyves, aRweros raime,

Tu ki Tema gavlil

masalas Seexeba.

101

Damxmare

aqtivobebi da

strategiebi

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli unda

iyos SemdegSi:

1. gamoTqmis

dasayeneblad

mosmenili masalis

mibaZviT gameoreba;

2. mimikisa da

Jestikulaciis

gamoyeneba da misi

misadageba

intonaciasTan.

moswavle gavarjiSebuli

unda iyos SemdegSi :

1. gakveTilis

msvlelobisas saTqmelis

ucxour enaze gamoxatva;

2 metyvelebisas

Secdomebis daSvebis

SiSis daZleva ;

3. miRwevebis

TviTSefaseba.

Mmoswavle

gavarjiSebuli unda

iyos SemdegSi:

1. situaciebSi

dialogebis gaTamaSeba;

2. metyvelebisas

leqsikuri deficitis

Sesavsebad sxvadasxva

xerxebis gamoyeneba (

mag. mimika,

Jestikulacia, sxva

sityvebiT Tqma da a.S.) ;

3. saWiro codnis

winaswar mobilizeb;

4. miRwevebis

TviTSefaseba.

kiTxva I safexuri

(2 klasi)

II safexuri

(3-4 klasi)

III safexuri

(5-6 klasi)

Sedegebi

motoruli da

fonetikuri Cvevebi

moswavles SeuZlia:

I,1. calkeuli

nacnobi sityvis Tu

winadadebis

xmamaRla wakiTxva

Motoruli da

fonetikuri Cvevebi

moswavles SeuZlia:

I.1. mcire zomis

nabeWdi da

xelnaweri teqstebis

xmamaRla wakiTxva.

wakiTxulis gageba

moswavles SeuZlia:

1. mcire zomis

teqstebis Cumad

wakiTxva da gageba;

2. teqstis tipebis

garCeva (mag.

misaloci baraTi,

komiqsi, kiTxvari da

a.S.).

moswavles SeuZlia:

1. nacnob Tematikaze

agebuli sxvadasxva

tipis ucnobi

teqstebis wakiTxva

da gageba

Ddamxmare

aqtivobebi da

strategiebi

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli unda

iyos SemdegSi:

1. grafemebis

(asoebis,

asoTSeTanxmebebis)

fonemebTan

dakavSireba da

Moswavle

gavarjiSebuli unda

iyos SemdegSi :

1. xmamaRali da Cumi

kiTxva;

2. teqstis Sinaarsis

gasarkvevad

saTanado

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli unda

iyos SemdegSi :

1. teqstis zogadi

Sinaarsis Tu

detaluri

informaciis

dasadgenad

102

gamoTqma.

strategiebis

gamoyeneba ;

3. miRwevebis

TviTSefaseba.

strategiebis farTo

speqtris gamoyeneb;

2. resursebis

saWiroebisamebr

gamoyeneba;

3. miRwevaTa

TviTSefaseba.

wera I safexuri

(2 klasi)

II safexuri

(3-4 klasi)

III safexuri

(5-6 klasi)

Sedegebi

reproducireba

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. rogorc nabeWdi,

ise xelnaweri

mikroteqstis

gadawera;

producireba

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. sityvebis, martivi

winadadebebis, da

Seswavlili nimuSis

mixedviT

mikroteqstis dawera.

producireba

moswavles SeuZlia :

1. Seswavlili

nimuSebis mixedviT

sxvadasxva tipis

mcire zomis teqstis

Sedgena.

Ddamxmare

aqtivobebi da

strategiebi

Moswavle

gavarjiSebuli unda

iyos SemdegSi :

1. weris teqnika;

2. vizualuri

mexsierebis

ganviTarebisaTvis

sWiro aqtivobebi;

3. fonemebis

grafemebTan

dakavSireba;

4. naweris

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli unda

iyos SemdegSi :

1. winadadebebis

sworad Sedgena;

2. teqstis Sedgena

logikuri

Tanmimdevrobis

dacviT;

3. weris sxvadasxva

strategiebis

gamoyeneba (mag.

dagegmva, enobrivi

103

Sesworebis mizniT

gadamowmeba

(TviTSesworeba);

5. miRwevebis

TviTSefaseba.

resursebis

gamoyeneba,

TviTSesworeba,

gadaTeTreba da a.S.);

4. miRwevebis

TviTSefaseba.

interkultura

I safexuri

(2 klasi)

II safexuri

(3-4 klasi)

III safexuri

(5-6 klasi)

Sedegebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1 aRmoaCinos

kulturuli

Taviseburebebi

iseT

konteqstebSi,

romlebic misi

interesis

sferos

warmoadgens

(mag.

dResaswaulebi,

TamaSebi,

sakuTari

saxelebi,

zRapris gmirebi,

araverbaluri

qceva da a.S.).

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. ucxoenovani

Tanatolis

garemocvis

sakuTarTan

garemocvasTan

Sedareba;

msgavsebebis da

gansxvavebebis

povna (mag. kvebis

Taviseburebani,

Cacmuloba,

dabadebis

dReebi, skola.,

sayvareli

gmirebi,

sacxovrebeli da

a.S.);

2. teqstebSi

Cadebuli

kulturuli Tu

socio-

kulturuli

xasiaTis

TvalsaCinoebaTa

amocnoba (mag.

Zeglebi,

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. kulturul Tu

socio-

kulturul

gansxvavebaTa da

msgavsebaTa

gamovlena;

2. kulturuli

mravalferovnebis

dafaseba;

3. saswavlo

teqstebSi

Cadebuli

kulturuli

informaciis

gasaSifrad sxva

sagnebSi

(istoria,

esTetika,

literatura)

SeZenili codnis

mobilizeba-

gamoyeneba.

104

personaJebi,

simoebi da a.S.)

Ddamxmare

aqtivobebi da

strategiebi

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli

unda iyos

SemdegSi :

1. qarTul enaze

misawvdomi

ucxouri

sabavSvo

literaturis,

gansakuTrebiT

zRaprebis

kiTxva da

STabeWdilebebis

gaziareba ;

2. mSobliur da

ucxoenovan

kulturebSi

TvalsaCino,

konkretuli

xasiaTis

msgavsebebsa da

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli

unda iyos

SemdegSi :

1. paralelebis

gavleba

ucxoenovan

TanatolTa da

sakuTar socio-

kulturul zne-

Cveulebebs

Soris ;

2.

TvalsaCinoebaTa

yuradRebiT

daTvaliereba da

niSandoblivi

kulturuli

xasiaTis

elementebis

moZieba-amocnoba.

moswavle

gavarjiSebuli

unda iyos

SemdegSi :

1. kulturuli da

socio-

kulturuli

konteqstebis

gaanalizeba sxva

sagnebSi

miRebuli codnis

fonze;

2. Sesaswavl

ucxo enaze

molaparake

qveynebis,

regionebis

kulturul

TaviseburebaTa

aRmoCena (mag.

tradiciuli

105

gansxvavebebze

yuradRebis

gamaxvileba.

Cacmulobebi,

sacxovrebeli

saxlebi, kerZebi,

legendebi,

idiomebi,

dialeqtebi da

a.S.);

3. kulturuli

mravalferovnebis

aRmoCena;

mimarTulebaSi `swavlis swavla~ Sedegebi imgvarad aris Sedgenili rom

TavisTavad gulisxmobs strtegiebs, amdenad damxmare aqtivovebisa da

strategiebis bloki am mimarTulebidan amoviReT.

swavlis

swavla

I safexuri

(2 klasi)

II safexuri

(3-4 klasi)

III safexuri

(5-6 klasi)

Sedegebi

Mmetakognituri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. saswavlo

kuTxis, nivTebis

mowesrigeba;

2. damoukideblad

muSaoba.

Kkognituri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. davalebis

amocanis

Mmetakognituri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. drois limitis

gaTvaliswineba;

2. TviTorganizeba

davalebebis

Sesasruleblad;

3. TviTSefaseba,

TviTSesworeba;

4.

gadawyvetilebebis

miReba

sisusteebis

Mmetakognituri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. kompleqsuri

davalebis

Sesasruleblad

samuSao etapebis

dagegmva;

2. sakuTari

saswavlo Tu

fsiqologiuri

profilis

gacnobiereba da

gaTvaliswineba;

3.

pasuxismgeblobis

aReba susti

106

damoukideblad

gageba;

2.

saxelmZRvaneloSi

mocemuli

resursebis

gamoyeneba

(ilustraciebi,

leqsikoni da a.S.);

3. gagebis an

producirebisas

araverbaluri

saSualebebis

gamoyeneba.

socialuri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1. raimes

garkvevis an

Semowmebis mizniT

kiTxvebis dasma.

gamosasworeblad.

Kkognituri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1.

saxelmZRvanelos

struqturaSi

garkveva da misi

efeqturad

gamoyeneba

(sarCevi,

nakveTebi,

struqturuli

nimuSebi,

leqsikoni,

ilustraciebi,

logoebi da a.S.);

2. damxmare

saswavlo

iaraRebis

Seqmna (leqsikoni);

3. sxvadasxva

dasamaxsovrebeli

xerxebis

gamoyeneba;

4. sxvadasxva

specifiuri

strategiis

gamoyeneba.

Ksocialuri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

mxareebis

gamosasworeblad.;

4. Sefasebis

kriteriumebze

msjeloba;

5. im faqtorebis,

im garemoebebis

dadgena, romelic

xels uwyobs an

uSlis winsvlas

swavlaSi;

6. Secdomebis

konstruqciulad

gamoyeneba;

7. im miznis

gacnobiereba,

romlis miRwevasac

emsaxureba esa Tu

is aqtivoba;

8. resursebis

saWiroebisamebr

moZieba.

Kkognituri

strategiebi

moswavles

SeuZlia:

1.

saxelmZRvanelos

struqturaSi

garkveva da misi

efeqturad

gamoyeneba (sarCevi,

nakveTebi,

struqturuli

nimuSebi,

leqsikoni,

ilustraciebi,

logoebi da a.S.);

2. damxmare

107

1. amocanis

gadasaWrelad an

raimes

Sesaqmnelad

TanatolTan

(wyvilSi, jgufSi)

TanamSromloba.

saswavlo

iaraRebis

Seqmna (leqsikoni);

3. sxvadasxva

dasamaxsovrebeli

xerxebis

gamoyeneba;

3.4. ucxo enis maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis kurikulumi

Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare ganaTlebis reforma maswavlebels sruliad

axali gamowvevebis winaSe ayenebs. moswavlesa da Sedegze orientirebuli

swavleba maswavleblisgan gansxvavebuli meTodikisa da teqnologiebis

flobas moiTxovs. naSromSi ganxiluli moswavleTa asakobrivi

ganviTareba da kognituri procesebi gaxda safuZveli Cven mier

SemuSavebuli ucxo enis maswavleblis profesiuli ganviTarebis

programebisa.

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis programebis SemuSavebisas

gaviTvaliswineT evrokomisiis enebis sabWos standarti da maTi

rekomendaciebi. kerZod, satreningo silabusi oTx segmentad davyaviT

(wera, kiTxva, mosmena, laparaki). amgvari midgomiT, rogorc Semdeg

praqtikam dagvanaxa, gadamzadebulma maswavleblebma diferencirebulad

daiwyes zrunva moswavleebSi am oTxi sakvanZo unar-Cvevis

ganviTarebisaTvis. unda aRiniSnos, rom Cven mier SemuSavebul satreningo

silabuss sakmaod rTuli semantikuri struqtura gaaCnia. kerZod, erTis

mxriv, silabulis orientiri moswavleSi gasaviTarebeli oTxi Ziritadi

unar-Cvevaa da es specifikur sistemas aZlevs silabuss. meores mxriv,

moswavlis unar-Cvevebisgan damoukideblad, maswavleblis unar-Cvevebis

sistematizeba moxda programebSi. Maswavleblis unar-Cvevebis sistema

Semdegi saxiT movaTavseT programebSi : maswavlebeli flobs,

108

maswavlebelma icis, maswavlebels SeuZlia. Maswavleblis unar-Cvevebis

aseTi saxiT sistematizebas gadamzadebul maswavlebelTa Soris unda

gamoewvia metakognituri strategiebis gaumjobeseba, rac, marTlac,

momdevno gamokiTxvebma daadastura.

TvalsaCinoebisTvis warmovadgenT Cven mier SemuSavebul ucxo

maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis oTxi mimarTulebis silabusebs,

raTa mkiTxvelma TvalnaTliv dainaxos sistema, romelzec zemoT

visaubreT.

sagani: ucxouri enebi

(inglisuri ena, rusuli ena, franguli ena, germanuli

ena)

mimarTuleba: kiTxva

(15 sakontaqto, 10 arasakontaqto saaTi)

treningis aRwera

mizani I

maswavlebeli flobs:

1. korespondenciis _ sxvadasxva xasiaTis Ria baraTis, piradi

werilis, saqmiani werilis (maTi eleqtronuli versiis) gageba,

109

gamafrTxilebeli warwera, meniu, bankomatis, an mobiluri

telefonis instruqcia da sxv.) gageba.

2. SemecnebiT-informaciuli xasiaTis teqstebis (kulturis,

bunebismetyvelebis da sxv. sferoebidan) gageba, mxatvruli

literaturis (poeziis nimuSebi, memuarebi, dRiuri, romani, novela,

ese, biografia da sxva) gageba (leqsikonis saWiroebisamebr

daxmarebiT).

3. pragmatuli teqstebis (kulinaruli recepti, katalogi,

samarSruto gegma, reklama, afiSa, anonsi, abra, recepti, tele-

radioprograma, usafrTxoebis wesebi) gageba, presis (interviu,

reportaJi, teleprograma, qronika, komiqsi, aqtualur Temebze

dawerili statiebi, mkiTxvelis gamoxmaureba da sxva) gageba;

4. profesiuli/meToduri/didaqtikuri teqstebis gageba, kiTxvis

sxvadasxva miznis amokveTa da Sesabamisi strategiebis (gacnobiTi,

SeswavliTi, ZiebiTi) gamoyeneba.

mizani II

maswavlebelma icis:

sacxovrebeli garemo:

komunaluri gadasaxadebi (magaliTad: qira,

denis/wylis/telefonis/gaTbobis gadasaxadi...), teqnikuri

xelsawyoebi (magaliTad: uTo, Sxapi, sarecxi manqana, macivari,

televizori...), qalaqi (magaliTad: quCa, trotuari, gadasasvleli...),

sofeli (magaliTad: mindori, ferma, ezo...).

dedamiwa da samyaro:

kosmosi (magaliTad: mze, mTvare, varskvlavi, planeta...), geografia

(magaliTad: ekvatori, tropiki, CrdiloeTi, samxreTi...), kontinentebi

da saxelmwifo (magaliTad: himni, sazRvari, dedaqalaqi...), amindi

(magaliTad: hava, wvima, Tovli, mze...), landSafti (magaliTad: mTa,

bari, tye...), flora da fauna (magaliTad: Sinauri da gareuli

110

cxovelebi, frinvelebi, mwerebi, mcenareebi, Tevzebi, xeebi,

yvavilebi...).

yofa:

sauzme, sadili, vaxSami, kerZis momzadeba, binis/saxlis

movla/dalageba (magaliTad: sarecxi, sauTao, qimwmenda...), sayidlebi

(magaliTad: supermarketSi, sakancelario maRaziaSi, salaro,

fasi,...).

janmrTeloba da higiena:

sxeulis nawilebi, eqimTan (magaliTad: saavadmyofo, dazRveva,

qirurgi, analizi, recepti, wamali, afTiaqi..).

garToba, Tavisufali dro, sporti, hobi:

kafeSi, restoranSi, kinoSi (magaliTad: msaxiobi, reJisori, scenari,

ekrani...), koncertze (magaliTad: opera, Teatri, baleti, speqtakli,

drama, komedia...), diskoTekaze, stadionze, sportis saxeobebi,

sportuli terminologia da Sejibrebi (magaliTad: fexburTi,

CogburTi, sportsmeni, gundi, mwvrTenli, msaji, Cempionati...), wigni

(magaliTad: novela, moTxroba, avtori, poezia, yda, gamocema...).

media:

radio/televizia (magaliTad: gadacema, wamyvani, programa...), beWduri

presa (magaliTad: Jurnali, gazeTi, statia, saTauri, gancxadeba...),

interneti (magaliTad: eleqtronuli fosta, veb-gveri, forumi,

Ceti...), mobiluri telefoni (magaliTad: klaviatura, sms,

darekva/zari).

transporti da mogzauroba/dasveneba:

avtomobili, taqsi (magaliTad: avtomobilis markebi...), avtobusi

(magaliTad: reisi, daniSnulebis adgili...), gemi (magaliTad: porti,

kaiuta...), TviTmfrinavi (magaliTad: aeroporti, bargi, sabaJo,

pasporti...), bileTis aReba, dajavSna, ardadegebi, Svebuleba

111

(magaliTad: zamTris kurorti, Txilamuri, ciga, zafxulis

kurorti, garujva, curva...)

ganaTleba:

skola (magaliTad: gakveTili, maswavlebeli, saskolo nivTebi,

saskolo sagnebi...), umaRlesi ganaTleba (magaliTad: leqcia,

gamocda, samecniero xarisxi...).

banki:

sabanko operaciebi (magaliTad: fulis gadaricxva, angariSis gaxsna,

valutis gacvla...), bankomati (magaliTad: pin-kodi, Tanxis aReba...).

saqmiani kontaqtebi:

saqmianobis warmoCena/prezentacia, saqmiani dokumentacia

(magaliTad: samotivacio werili, ganacxadis Setana, reziume,

gancxadebaze gamoxmaureba), saqmiani Sexvedra, samsaxurSi

(magaliTad: samuSao saaTebi da grafiki, dasaqmeba, dasvenebis

dReebi, Semosavali, gadasaxadebi, pensia, mivlineba, xelmZRvaneli...).

sazogadoebrivi cxovreba:

politika, saxelmwifo wyoba (magaliTad: arCevnebi, kandidati, xmis

micema, partia, prezidenti, parlamenti, ministri, mTavroba...),

socialuri maCveneblebi (magaliTad: adamianis uflebebi, omi,

mSvidoba, jari, simdidre, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, kriminali,

umuSevroba, narkomania, pilicia, sasamarTlo...).

sametyvelo funqciebi

emociebi da damokidebuleba:

sixaruli, kmayofileba, brazi, ukmayofileba, guldawyveta,

sinanuli, gakvirveba, interesi, indeferentuloba,

SdadebiTi/uaryofiTi Sefaseba, STabeWdileba.

112

sivrceSi orientireba:

adgilmdebareoba, gzis/gezis/mimarTulebis/daniSnulebis adgilis

miTiTeba.

instruqcia:

nebis darTva, akrZalva, rCeva-darigeba, Txovna.

logikuri kavSirebi:

mizezi, Sedegi, opozicia, pirobiToba.

mizani III

maswavlebels SeuZlia:

1. korespondenciis (maTi el. versiis) gageba.

2. pragmatuli teqstebis (kulinaruli recepti, katalogi, samarSruto

gegma, reklama, afiSa, anonsi, abra, recepti, tele-radioprograma,

usafrTxoebis wesebi, gamafrTxilebeli warwera, meniu, bankomatis, an

mobiluri telefonis instruqcia da sxv.) gageba.

3. SemecnebiT-informaciuli xasiaTis teqstebis (kulturis,

bunebismetyvelebis da sxv. sferoebidan) gageba.

4. presis (interviu, reportaJi, teleprograma, qronika, komiqsi,

aqtualur Temebze dawerili statiebi, mkiTxvelis gamoxmaureba da

sxva) gageba.

5. mxatvruli literaturis (poeziis nimuSebi, memuarebi, dRiuri, romani,

novela, ese, biografia da sxva) gageba (leqsikonis saWiroebisamebr

daxmarebiT).

6. profesiuli/meToduri/didaqtikuri teqstebis gageba.

7. kiTxvis sxvadasxva miznis amokveTa da Sesabamisi strategiebis

(gacnobiTi, SeswavliTi, ZiebiTi) gamoyeneba.

am kreditis gavlis Sedegad maswavleblebi aiTviseben sakiTxavi

teqstebis gagebis teqnologiebs.

113

mimarTuleba: mosmena


treningis aRwera

mizani I

maswavlebeli flobs:

1. samizne enaze mosaubreTa saubris, gancxadebebisa da instruqciebis

gageba filmebis enis, sainformacio audioCanawerebisa da tele-

radiogadacemebis (interviu, reportaJi, sportuli angariSi, amindis

prognozi, axali ambebi da sxva) gageba

2. rTul moxsenebebSi ZiriTadi dedaazrisa da profesiul interesebTan

dakavSirebiT (meToduri, interkulturuli xasiaTis) Sinaarsobrivad

rTuli moxsenebebis gageba,mosmenis miznis gansazRvra da saTanado

strategiebis gamoyeneba.

mizani II

maswavlebelma icis:


saparikmaxeroSi (magaliTad: varcxniloba, Tmis feri...), eqimTan

(magaliTad: saavadmyofo, dazRveva, qirurgi, analizi, recepti,

wamali, afTiaqi..).

garToba, Tavisufali dro, sporti:



114



CogburTi, sportsmeni, gundi, mwvrTenli, msaji, Cempionati...).

media:





darekva/zari).

ganaTleba:

skola (magaliTad: gakveTili), umaRlesi ganaTleba (magaliTad:

universiteti, leqcia, gamocda, biblioTeka, samecniero xarisxi...).



(gancxadebaze gamoxmaureba), saqmiani Sexvedra, samsaxurSi

(magaliTad: dasaqmeba, dasvenebis dReebi, Semosavali, gadasaxadebi,

pensia, mivlineba, xelmZRvaneli...).



micema, partia, prezidenti, parlamenti, ministri, mTavroba...), garemos

dabinZureba.

mizani III


o sxvadasxva tipisa da sirTulis mosasmeni davalebebis SerCeva, (rac

xels Seuwyobs informaciis etapobrivad amocnoba.

115

o moswavlis standartis moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT sagakveTilo

miznebis gansazRvra mosasmeni unar-Cvevis gasaviTareblad.

o miznebis Seseabamisi Temis/ideis, moswavleTa raodenobisa da

funqciebis gansazRvra, ganxorcielebis etapebis, gzebis da

saSualebebis gansazRvra;

o davalebis Sesasruleblad saWiro drois gansazRvra;

o iseTi xerxebis gamoyeneba, romlebic xels Seuwyobs TiToeuli

moswavlis Cabmas mosasmen aqtivobebSi; diferencirebuli

moTxovnebis wayeneba moswavleTa SesaZleblobebis

gaTvaliswinebiT. mosasmeni amocanebis dasma, klasSi pasuxebis

/mosazrebebis Sedareba-gaanalizebis xelSewyoba.

o mozardebis komunikaciuri unar-Cvevebis dauflebisaTvis momzadeba:

gasaviTarebeli unarebis (mosmena-gageba, smeniTi diskriminacia, anu

bgerebis smeniT garCeva) gacnobiereba, unarebisa da maTi

ganviTarebis strategiebis gansazRvra.

o moswavlisaTvis iseTi davalebebis /amocanebis SeTavazeba,

romlebic xels Seuwyobs SemoqmwdwbiTi unarebis ganviTareba.

o socio-kulturuli da kulturuli TvalsazrisiT mdidari

resursebis SerCeva da iseTi aqtivobebis ageba, romlebic

moswavleTa interess gamoiwvevs; romlebic saSualebas aZlevs

paraleli gaavlon ucxour da mSobliur sociokulturul

samyaroebs Soris, amoicnon da gaanalizon msgavsebebi da

gansxvavebebi, damkvidrebuli stereotipuli Sexedulebebi

116

mimarTuleba: laparaki


treningis aRwera

mizani I

maswavlebeli flobs:

1. bunebrivad, daubrkoleblad, Sesabamisi gamoTqmiT gabmulad

laparaki da ucxouri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli intonaciis dacva,

yofiTi sakomunikacio situaciebisaTvis Tavis garTmeva (saklaso

oTaxSi komunikacia, saqmiani Sexvedris daniSnva, satelefono

saubris warmarTva da sxv.)..

2. diskusiis dros argumentebis, axsna-ganmartebebisa da komentarebis

saSualebiT sakuTari mosazrebis gamoTqma, dasabuTeba, damtkiceba,

rCevis micema; profesiul Temaze zepiri gamosvlis momzadeba da

warmodgena; mosaubris, auditoriis gansazRvra da Sesabamisi

registris (familaruli, Tavaziani, oficialuri, neitraluri)

SerCeva; zepirmetyvelebis saTanado strategiebis gamoyeneba.

mizani II

maswavlebelma icis:


eqimTan (magaliTad: dazRveva, qirurgi, analizi, recepti, wamali,

afTiaqi..).

117

banki:




saqmianobis warmoCena/prezentacia, saqmiani Sexvedra.



micema, partia, prezidenti, parlamenti, ministri, mTavroba...), socialuri

maCveneblebi (magaliTad: adamianis uflebebi, omi, mSvidoba, jari,

simdidre, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, kriminali, umuSevroba,

narkomania, pilicia, sasamarTlo...).

informaciis gacvla:

piradi monacemebi _ saxeli, gvari, asaki, misamarTi, erovneba,

warmomavloba, religiuri kuTvnileba, profesia/xeloba.

janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, amindi, survilebi / saWiroebebi /

moTxovnilebebi /ocnebebi da sxv.

aRwera-daxasiaTeba:

adamianis garegnoba, Cacmuloba, xasiaTi, sagnis/movlenis aRwera,

dadebiTi/uaryofiTi Sefaseba

logikuri kavSirebi:

mizezi, Sedegi, opozicia, pirobiToba.

118

mizani III


o bunebrivad, daubrkoleblad, Sesabamisi gamoTqmiT gabmulad

laparaki da ucxouri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli intonaciis dacva.

o yofiTi sakomunikacio situaciebisaTvis Tavis garTmeva (saklaso

oTaxSi komunikacia, SekveTa, sastumros dajavSna, saqmiani

Sexvedris daniSnva da sxv.).

o interaqciaSi monawileoba; diskusiis dros sakuTari mosazrebis

gamoTqma, dasabuTeba da damtkiceba;

o profesiul Temaze zepiri prezentaciis momzadeba da warmodgena.

o saubrisas enobrivi - leqsikuri da gramatikuli normebis dacva.

o zepirmetyvelebis saTanado strategiebis gamoyeneba.

mimarTuleba: wera


treningis aRwera

mizani I

pragmatuli teqstebis wera: kulinaruli receptis, kviris ganrigis,

anketis, teleprogramis, turistuli bukletis da sxv. Seqmna; aplikaciis,

blankis, anketis da sxv. Sevseba. sagazeTo statiebis (gancxadebis,

119

gamoxmaurebis) Seqmna. saswavlebelSi an samuSao adgilze warsadgenad

sakuTari monacemebis (CV) wera. samotivacio werilis wera

mimowera (Ria baraTi, piradi werili, saqmiani werili da maTi

eleqtronuli versiebi) da werilis saSualebiT informaciis mopoveba.

SemecnebiT-informaciuli xasiaTis teqstis wera (istoriul / kulturul /

sabunebismetyvelo sakiTxebze).sakuTari Sexedulebis, damokidebulebis

werilobiT gadmocema da dasabuTeba, problemis werilobiT gamoxatva.

werisas leqsikuri da gramatikuli normebis dacva. weris miznis

gansazRvra da weris strategiebis gamoyeneba. werilobiTi teqstis

formisa da stilis dacva miznisa da auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT.

mizani II

sarekomendacio Temebi leqsikisaTvis

pirovnebis identifikacia:

saxeli, gvari, misamarTi, telefonis nomeri, dabadebis adgili da

TariRi, asaki, sqesi, ojaxuri mdgomareoba, erovneba, warmomavloba,

moqalaqeoba, samuSao adgili, garegnoba, xasiaTis Tvisebebi,

urTierTobebi (magaliTad: ojaxis wevrebi, naTesavebi, mezoblebi,

nacnobebi).

sacxovrebeli garemo:

bina, saxli, oTaxis tipebi (magaliTad: saZinebeli, samzareulo,

saabazano...), saxlis nawilebi (magaliTad: sardafi, saxuravi, kibe...),

aveji, dekoracia (magaliTad: xaliCa, naxati, sarke...), komunaluri

gadasaxadebi (magaliTad: qira, denis/wylis/telefonis/gaTbobis

gadasaxadi...), teqnikuri xelsawyoebi (magaliTad: uTo, Sxapi,

sarecxi manqana, macivari, televizori...), qalaqi (magaliTad: quCa,

trotuari, lampioni, gadasasvleli...)

dedamiwa da samyaro:

kosmosi (magaliTad: mze, mTvare, varskvlavi, planeta...), geografia

(magaliTad: ekvatori, tropiki, CrdiloeTi, samxreTi...), kontinentebi

da saxelmwifo (magaliTad: himni, sazRvari, dedaqalaqi...), amindi

120

(magaliTad: hava, wvima, Tovli, mze...), landSafti (magaliTad: mTa,

bari, tye...), flora da fauna (magaliTad: Sinauri da gareuli

cxovelebi, frinvelebi, mwerebi, mcenareebi, Tevzebi, xeebi,

yvavilebi...).

yofa:

Zili (magaliTad: sizmari, daZineba, gaRviZeba), sauzme, sadili,

vaxSami, kerZis momzadeba, binis/saxlis movla/dalageba (magaliTad:

sarecxi, sauTao, qimwmenda...), sayidlebi (magaliTad: supermarketSi,

bazarSi, safunTuSeSi, sakancelario maRaziaSi, daxli, salaro,

fasi, wona...).


sxeulis nawilebi, banaoba (magaliTad: saabazano nivTebi), Cacma

(magaliTad: tansacmeli, fexsacmeli, aqsesuarebi, kosmetikuri

saSualebebi, parfiumeria) saparikmaxeroSi (magaliTad:

varcxniloba, Tmis feri...), eqimTan (magaliTad: saavadmyofo,

dazRveva, qirurgi, analizi, recepti, wamali, afTiaqi..).

garToba, Tavisufali dro, sporti, hobi:





CogburTi, sportsmeni, gundi, mwvrTenli, msaji, Cempionati...), wigni

(magaliTad: novela, moTxroba, avtori, poezia, yda, gamocema...).

media:





darekva/zari).

transporti da mogzauroba/dasveneba:

velosipedi, avtomobili, taqsi (magaliTad: avtomobilis markebi,

saloni, Zara, sabarguli, saburavi...), avtobusi (magaliTad: reisi,

daniSnulebis adgili...), gemi (magaliTad: porti, kaiuta, kapitani...),

121

TviTmfrinavi (magaliTad: aeroporti, bargi, sabaJo, pasporti...),

metro da matarebeli (magaliTad: sadguri, eskalatori, miwisqveSa

gadasasvleli...), bileTis aReba, dajavSna, ardadegebi, Svebuleba

(magaliTad: zamTris kurorti, Txilamuri, ciga, zafxulis

kurorti, garujva, curva...), sastumro (magaliTad: nomeri, javSani,

momsaxureba, registracia...).

ganaTleba:

skola (magaliTad: gakveTili, maswavlebeli, saskolo nivTebi,

saskolo sagnebi...), umaRlesi ganaTleba (magaliTad: universiteti,

profesiuli saswavlebeli, leqcia, dekani, gamocda, biblioTeka,

samecniero xarisxi...).

banki:





(magaliTad: samotivacio werili, ganacxadis Setana, reziume,

gancxadebaze gamoxmaureba), saqmiani Sexvedra, samsaxurSi

(magaliTad: samuSao saaTebi da grafiki, dasaqmeba, dasvenebis

dReebi, Semosavali, gadasaxadebi, pensia, mivlineba, xelmZRvaneli,

qveSevrdomi...).



micema, partia, prezidenti, parlamenti, ministri, mTavroba...),

socialuri maCveneblebi (magaliTad: adamianis uflebebi, omi,

mSvidoba, jari, simdidre, siRaribe, garemos dabinZureba, kriminali,

umuSevroba, narkomania, pilicia, sasamarTlo...).

metyvelebis tipebi: Txroba, aRwera, axsna-ganmarteba, dasabuTeba.

sametyvelo funqciebi

socialuri urTierTobebi:

misalmeba, damSvidobeba, mokiTxva, pirovnebis/Tavis wardgena,

mobodiSeba, madlobis gadaxda, keTili survilebis gamoxatva,

122

waxaliseba / Seqeba, SeTavazeba, dapatiJeba, Sexvedris daniSnva,

mimoweris etiketi.

informaciis gacvla:

piradi monacemebi _ saxeli, gvari, asaki, misamarTi, erovneba,

warmomavloba, religiuri kuTvnileba, profesia/xeloba.

janmrTelobis mdgomareoba, amindi, survilebi / saWiroebebi /

moTxovnilebebi /ocnebebi da sxv.

aRwera-daxasiaTeba:

adamianis garegnoba, Cacmuloba, xasiaTi, sagnis/movlenis aRwera,

dadebiTi/uaryofiTi Sefaseba.

emociebi da damokidebuleba:

sixaruli, kmayofileba, brazi, ukmayofileba, guldawyveta,

sinanuli, gakvirveba, interesi, indeferentuloba,

SdadebiTi/uaryofiTi Sefaseba, STabeWdileba.

droSi orientireba:

droSi lokalizeba (saaTi, DdRe-Ramis monakveTi, TariRi, weliwadis

dro), qronologia, sixSire, Tanadrouloba, xangrZlivoba.

sivrceSi orientireba:

adgilmdebareoba, gzis/gezis/mimarTulebis/daniSnulebis adgilis

miTiTeba.

instruqcia:

nebis darTva, akrZalva, rCeva-darigeba, Txovna.

logikuri kavSirebi:

mizezi, Sedegi, opozicia, pirobiToba

mizani III

1. pragmatuli teqstebis wera: teleprogramis, turistuli bukletis da sxv.

Seqmna; aplikaciis, blankis, anketis da sxv. Sevseba.

2. mimowera (saqmiani werili da misi eleqtronuli versiebi);

3. sagazeTo statiebis (gancxadebis, gamoxmaurebis) Seqmna;

4. saswavlebelSi an samuSao adgilze warsadgenad sakuTari monacemebis (CV)

wera;

123

5. samotivacio werilis wera;

6. rubrikis Sedgena;

7. werisas leqsikuri da gramatikuli normebis dacva.

8. weris miznis gansazRvra da weris strategiebis gamoyeneba.

9. werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis dacva miznisa da auditoriis

gaTvaliswinebiT.

am kreditis gavlis Sedegad maswavleblebi aiTviseben Tananedrove pragmatuli da

sakomunikacio teqstebis Seqmnis teqnologiebs

SeuZlia formaluri /araformaluri werilis Seqmna

gansazRvravbs korespondenciis mizans;

icavs formalur saxes;

iyenebs kliSeebs;

icavs logikur Tanamimdevrobas

iyenebs Sesabamis leqsikas,

iyenebs Sesabamis gr.struqturebs

icavs orTografiul normebs.

sareklamo xasiaTis teqsti

o gansazRvravs sakomunikacio situacias (adresati, adresanti, teqstis

mizani, formati);

o argebs saTaurs;

o azrs gadmoscems Tanmimdevrulad da lakonurad;

o miuTiTebs faqtobriv informacias (TariRi, fasi, adgili, pirobebi);

o icavs gramatikisa da orTografiul normebs

CV * Tavs uyris pirad informacias

* icavs formalur mxares (Tanamimdevroba, piradi monacemebi, ganaTleba,

unar-Cvevebi, interesebi, rekomendatorebi)

miuTiTebs faqtobriv informacias

124

samotivcio werili

• gansazRvravs mizans, adresats

• icavs formalur mxares

• iyenebs kliSeebs

• icavs orTografiisa da gramatikis normebs

qmnis pragmatul teqsts:

kulinariuli recepti, teleprograma

• iZleva instruqciebs

• icavs formalur mxares,

• iyenebs Sesabamis terminologias

• iyenebs Sesabamis gramatikul struqturas

kviris ganrigi,

• akeTebs mokle CaniSvnebs, (miuTiTebs dro, TariRi, adgili)

esse

• icavs esses weris formalur mxares (Sesavali, Sua nawili, daskvna)

• gamokveTs problema, msjelobs da amyarebs argumentebiT

• icavs mjelobis Tanamimdevrobas da iyenebs Sesabamis kliSeebs

• icavs gramatikisa da orTografiis normebs

• akeTebs daskvnas, ayalibebs sakuTar mosazrebas

o standartis moTxovnis gaTvaliswinebiT Sesabamisi aqtivobis, mag.;

sxvadasxva tipis testis Sedgena konkretuli unarebisa da moswavlis

miRwevis donis Sesamowmeblad.

o gakveTilisTvis SerCeuli savarjiSoebis / davalebebis

gansaxorcieleblad saWiro drois gansazRvra,

125

o sametyvelo/weriTi amocanebis damoukideblad gadaWris unar-Cvevebis

ganviTareba, maTi saTanado strategiebiT aRWurva, magaliTad: ideebis

Camowera/daxarisxeba, dagegmva, saWiro enobrivi masalis (sakvanZo

sityvebi, gramatikuli struqtura, zmnis dro da sxva) Tavmoyra,

samuSao variantis gaumjobeseba TviTSefasebis/TanaSefasebis gziT.

o miRwevebis damoukideblad gaumjobesebis unar-Cvevebis xelSewyoba,

magaliTad: moswavleTa CarTva Sefasebis kriteriumebis SemuSavebis,

TviTSefasebis da TanaSefasebis procesSi, xelSewyoba, rom maT

damoukideblad gansazRvron problemebi.

sruli silabusi (aerTianebs oTxive mimarTulebas)

miznebi da mosalodneli Sedegebi:

msmenelma kursis mosmenis Semdeg unda SeZlos:

* bavSvis ganviTarebis etapebis, swavlis ZiriTadi Teoriebis,

Tanamedrove meTodikis da strategiebis, sagnobrivi standartis

safuZvelze dagegmos swavlebisa da swavlis procesi;

• warmatebuli komunikacia sxva kulturis warmomadgenlebTan (mosmena,

laparaki, kiTxva, wera);

• gansxvavebuli kulturuli konteqstebisa da teqstebis gageba;

• moswavlis SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT maTi saWiroebebis

dadgena da amiT moswavlis swavlis xarisxis amaRleba;

• miRweuli Sedegebis Sefaseba;

• ganaTlebis Tanamedrove Teoriebis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba.

126

sagakveTilo procesSi moswavles GgamoumuSavos Semdegi unar-

Cvevebi:

• logikuri da Tanamimdevruli zepiri da weriTi komunikacia da

azrovneba;

• marTlwera da kaligrafia;

• informaciis moZieba, damuSaveba, organizeba da gamoyeneba;

• sxvisi da sakuTari azris mkafiod lakonurad da mwyobrad

Camoyalibeba, dafaseba da TanamSromloba;

• nebismieri enobriv-kulturuli TviTmyofadobis dafaseba da

pativiscema;

• gansxvavebuli kulturuli teqstebisa da konteqstebis gageba;

• Tavisufali, damoukidebeli da SemoqmedebiTi midgoma;

• codnis damoukideblad gaRrmaveba da gamdidreba enobrivi Tu

kulturuli TvalsazrisiT;

• ucxouri enis swavlis (swavlis swavla) da sasicocxlo unar-Cvevebi

(TanamSromloba, Tavisufali arCevnis GakeTeba, TviTsrulyofa,

SemoqmedebiToba da sxv.);

• interesi ucxo samyaros mimarT, ucxouri enis swavlis survili.

treningis dasrulebis Semdeg msmeneli unda flobdes da

SeeZlos, moswavles gamoumuSavos Semdegi Cvevebi:

a) informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba. kerZod:

• sxvadasxva saxis teqstebis mosmena da aRqma, analizi tonalobis,

enobriv-gramatikuli struqturisa da efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT;

• teqstis nawilebis erTmaneTTan logikurad dakavSireba, teqstebis

tipebis amocnoba;

127

• azris gamoTqmisTvis Sesaferisi emociuri elferis mqone sityvebisa

da frazebis SerCeva da maTi konteqstSi Casma, adekvaturad,

gamarTulad da damarwmuneblad metyveleba;

• gramatikis, orTografiis, punqtuaciis codna da am codnis

Segnebulad gamoyeneba teqstis asagebad da dasaxvewad.

b) enis komunikaciuri aspeqtebi. kerZod:

• sakuTari komunikaciuri qcevebis adekvaturad Sefaseba da saTanadod

warmarTva, romlebic uzrunvelyofs socialur garemoSi pirovnebis

adekvatur TviTgamoxatvas; saubris, diskusiis, debatebis, sxvadasxva

Temebze kamaTis warmarTvas;

• teqstis wasakiTxad, dasamuSaveblad da gasaanalizeblad aucilebeli

kiTxvis strategiebis daufleba;

• konkretuli sakiTxis Sesaswavlad informaciis moZieba, kritikulad

gadamowmeba da monacemTa bankis Sedgena.

treningis dasrulebis Semdeg msmeneli unda flobdes codnis

praqtikaSi gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebs Semdegi mimarTulebiT:

a. swavlis da ganviTarebis Teoriebi

*

dagegmvisas swavlis Teoriebis gamoyeneba da gaTvaliswineba, rac

xels Seuwyobs gakveTilze moswavlis interesebze orientirebuli

saswavlo procesis dagegmvas.

*

dagegmvisas ganviTarebis Teoriebis gamoyeneba da gaTvaliswineba

saswavlo procesis dagegmvis dros, rac xels Seuwyobs TiToeuli

moswavlis interesebis gaTvaliswinebas gakveTilze;

*

128

asakobrivi Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswineba Seqmnis sasurvel da

jansaR garemos sagakveTilo procesSi da ganapirobebs moswavleTa

dainteresebis xarisxis zrdas, xels Seuwyobs disciplines TavisTavad

damyarebas, moswavleTa interesebis gaTvaliswinebidan gamomdinare;

*

fsiqologiuri Teoriebis GgaTvaliswineba da maTi gamoyeneba

ganapirobebs moswavleTa swavlis motivaciis amaRlebas;

*

fsiqologiuri Teoriebis gaTvaliswinebiT maswavlebeli imuSavebs

moswavleTa ndobis mopovebisTvis saWiro unarebs, seriozulobiT

ekideba maT azrebs, uadvildeba mSoblebTan, kolegebTan urTierToba.

b. sagnis swavlebis meTodologia

*

kvlevis meTodebis gamoyeneba profesiuli miznebis gansaxorcieleblad;

*

sainformacio teqnologiebis gamoyeneba swavlebisas;

*

saintereso meTodebis danergva da gamoyeneba, romelic xels Seuwyobs

klasis gonivrul marTvas, saswavlo procesis gaxalisebas, informaciis

miRebis gamartivebas;

*

sxvadasxva meTodebis gamoyeneba swavlebis procesSi, rac gaamartivebs

Sedegze gasvlasa da standartiT gaTvaliswinebuli unar-Cvevebis

gamomuSavebas;

*

mravalferovani aqtivobebis gamoyeneba, rac uzrunvelyofs yvela bavSvis

CarTulobasa da dainteresebas gakveTilisadmi, aseve ganapirobebs

inkluziur swavlebaze orientirebuli programebis Seqmnas.

129

treningis dasrulebis Semdeg msmeneli unda flobdes

mravalkomponentiani SefasebisTvis saWiro codnasa da unar-

Cvevebs. kerZod:

a. ganmsazRvreli Sefaseba

• sagnis specifikidan gamomdinare, sxvadasxva komponentebis Seqmna, rac

xels Seuwyobs moswavlis gansxvavebuli unarebis aRmoCena/Sefasebas.

Tavis mxriv, gaaumjobesebs moswavleTa dainteresebas da motivaciis

amarlebas;

• komponentebis kriteriumebad gawera, rac xels Seuwyobs Sefasebis

sistemis obieqturobas, misi daTvladi, Sesrulebadi da gamWvirvale

principebis gaTvaliswineba;

• ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis komponentebis erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

SedegebTan kavSirebis aRmoCena da gaTvaliswineba.

b. ganmaviTarebeli Sefaseba

• afasebs moswavles dakvirvebis Sedegad dagrovili monacemebis,

namuSevrebis krebulebis, prezentaciebis, moswavlisave TviTSefasebis,

jgufuri muSaobis Tu sxva tipis aqtivobebis mixedviT;

• Sefasebisas iTvaliswinebs moswavlis saganmanaTleblo procesSi

CarTulobis xarisxs, moswavleTa SesaZleblobebs, individualobasa

da TviTmyofadobas;

• Sefaseba Wirdeba moswavles misces rCevebi, risi gaumjobeseba Wirdeba

ukeTesi Sedegebis misaRwevad;

• komentarebis Seqmna, romlebic moswavles ara mxolod sakuTari

miRwevis donis gansazRvraSi exmareba, aramed ganviTarebaSic.

130

mimarTuleba Sedegi

indikatori

1.

moswavleze

orientirebuli

saswavlo

procesis

dagegmva

1.1 maswavlebelma icis

saswavlo procesis dagegmva

erovnuli da saskolo

saswavlo gegmebis

moTxovnebis Sesabamisad.

1.2 maswavlebeli adgens

Tanmimdevrul da

ganviTarebad saswavlo

programebs, romelSic

gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba

moswavlis asakobrivi da

inteleqtualuri

SesaZleblobebi da

saWiroebebi.

1.3 maswavleblis mier

dagegmili swavlis procesi

orientirebuli Sedegebze

erovnuli saswavlo gegmis

Sesabanisad.

1.4 maswavlebeli SeZlebs

dagegmos gakveTili

Tanamedrove swavlebis

Teiriebisa da meTodebis

gamoyenebiT, romelic

aamaRlebs moswavleTa

motivacias zepir Tu weriT

aqtivobaSi Casabmelad.

1.5 maswavlebels eqneba

mravalgvari, mravalferovani

da saxaliso aqtivobebis baza,

sagnobriv standartSi yvela

mimarTulebis, yvela Sedegis

misaRwevad da Sesabamisi

unar-Cvevebis gasaviTareblad.


individualuri, wyviluri da

jgufuri muSaobis,

TanamSromlobis da

sxvadasxva socialuri Tu

sasicocxlo unarebis

ganviTarebas. damoukidebeli

da Tavisufali pirovnebis

aRzrdas.


gakveTilis dagegmvas

informaciul-sakomunikacio

teqnologiebis gamoyenebiT.

1.8 gakveTili iqneba

moswavlesa da Sedegze

orientirebuli.


gakveTilis zustad gaweril

droSi.

• icis saswavlo procesis

dagegmva erovnuli da

saskolo saswavlo

gegmebis moTxovnebis,

moswavleTa

individualuri

Taviseburebebis, droiTi

da saswavlo resursebis

gaTvalisWinebiT;

• SeuZlia grZelvadiani

da moklevadiani

saswavlo gegmebis

Sedgena;

• icis, rogor daamyaros

saganTa Soris kavSiri

er.sasw. gegmiT

gaTvaliswinebuli

misaRwevi Sedegebis da

programebis doneze;

• icis, rogor dagegmos

swavleba kolegebTan

erTad;SeuZlia

individualuri

saswavlo gegmis Seqmna

da am gegmis mixedviT

swavleba;

• SeuZlia gamoiyenos

komunikaciis

mravalferovani

strategiebi calkeul

moswavleebTan da

moswavleTa jgufebTan.

• avlens swavlebis

sxvadasxva meTodis

codnas da SeuZlia maTi

gamoyeneba saswavlo

konteqstis Sesabamisad;

• avlens swavlebis im

131

2. Sefaseba

3.moswavlis

pirovnuli,

kulturuli da

interkulturuli

ganviTareba.

4. ganaTlebis

Tanamedrove

Teoriebi

2.1 Sedegebis mravalferovani

meTodebis gamoyenebiT

Sefasebis sworad gansazRvras

dam is SerCevaSi moswavleTa

Cabmas TviTSefasebisa da

TanaSefasebis

procesSi.

2.2 ganmaviTarebeli da

ganmsazRvreli Sefasebis

gamoyenebas,Sefasebis

kriteriumebis da xerxebis

SerCeva- SemuSavebas.saTanado

komentarebis, sqemebisa da

rubrikebis SemuSavebas.

3.1moswavleTaTvis iseTi

davalebebisa da Tematikis

SerCeva, romlebic xels

Seuwyoben SemoqmedebiTi

unarebis ganviTarebas,

kritikuli azrovnebis

ganviTarebas,(socio-

kulturuli da kulturulu

informacia) aRWurvas,

peralelis gavlebas ucxouri

da mSobliuri socio-

kulturul samyaroebs Soris,

stereotipuli Sexedulebebis

amocnobas da gaanalizebas.

4.1 swavlebisa da ganviTarebis

Teoriebis codna da maTi

ganviTarebis gamoyeneba.

4.2 klasis marTvisa da

disciplinis strategiebis

floba da gamoyeneba

Sesabamis Teoriebze

dayrdnobiT.

4.3 moswavleebTan

urTierTobis strategiebisa

da usafrTxo garemos Seqmnas.

2.maswavlebels SeuZlia

swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodis

da strategiis gamoyeneba

TiToeuli moswavlis

efeqtiani swavlisa da

winsvlisaTvis.

meTodebis codnas,

romelic daexmareba

yvela moswavles

SesaZleblobebis

maqsimalur gamovlenasa

da saswavlo miznebis

miRwevaSi;

• icis, rogor gamoiyenos

swavlebis procesSi

sxvadasxva meTodi

moswavleebSi

SemecnebiTi da

socialuri unarebis

gasaviTareblad

132

Sefaseba

ganviTarebisa da

swavlis

Teoriebi

1. maswavlebelma icis

Sefasebis sxvadasxva

forma; acnobierebs

urTierTkavSirs

saswavlo mizans,

Sefasebas, swavlebasa

da swavlas Soris;

2. icis rogos

gamoiyenos Sefasebis

sxvadasxva meTodi

Sedegze da

moswavleze

orientirebuli

swavlebisaTvis


bavSvis asakobrivi

ganviTarebis ZiriTadi

kanonzomierebebi;

icis, rogor

gamoiyenos es codna

moswavlis swavlis

xelSesawyobad.


swavlis ZiriTadi

Teoriebi; icnobs im

faqtorebs, romlebic

gavlenas axdenen

swavlaze da icis,

rogor gamoiyenos es

codna moswavlis

swavlisa da

ganviTarebis

xelSesawyobad.

• icis da iyenebs er.sasw.

gegmiT gaTvaliswinebul

moswavleTa Sefasebis

sxvadasxva formas

(mravalkomponentiani,

ganmsazRvreli da

ganmaviTarebeli);

• icis da iyenebs

Sefasebis Sedegebidan

miRebul monacemebs

swavlebis

gasaumjobeseblad;

• exmareba moswavleebs,

gamoiyenon maswavleblis

Sefaseba, Tanatolebis

Sefaseba da

TviTSefaseba sakuTari

Tavisadmi rwmenis

CamoyalibebaSi, sxvaTa

Sesazleblobebis

Sefaseba/aRiarebasa da

sakuTari Sedegebis

gaumjobesebaSi.

• acnobierebs moswavlis

ganviTarebis asakobriv

da individualur

Taviseburebebs da maT

gavlenas swavlebasa da

swavlaze;

• iyenebs ganviTarebis

Teoriebs moswavleTa

swavlis motivaciisa da

xarisxis amaRlebisTvis

133

Ŧ

terminologiuri leqsikoni

Cvens qveyanaSi mimdinare ganaTlebis reformis procesSi erT-erT

umTavres problemad axali terminebis aTviseba da adeqvatur konteqstSi

gamoyeneba iqca. Cveni erT-erTi amocana gaxldaT, qarTul enaze naTargmni

Tanamedrove pedagogiuri literaturidan SegverCia iseTi terminebi,

romelTa aTviseba da gamoyeneba ganaTlebis muSakebisTvis proleburi

iyo. amrigad, Cven SevecadeT SegvemuSavebina terminologiuri leqsikoni

da mogveTavsebina naSromSi.

1. kompetencia - kompetencias qarTul pedagogikur literaturaSi

codna-Cvevas uwodeben. igi enis swavlebaSi gulisxmobs komunikaciis

realizebisaTvis saWiro informaciis, unar-Cvevebis da

damokidebulebebis erTobliobas.

2. codna da unar-Cveva – kognituri fsiqologia scnobs ori

kategoriis codnas:

• erTi aris statikuri rangis codna, romelic ver uzrunvelyofs

codnis funqcionalur gamoyenebas. samecniero literatruraSi mas

deklaraciuls uwodeben (naSromSi am kategorias Cven informacias

vuwodebT). ucxouri enis saganmanaTleblo dargSi igi gulisxmobs

leqsikis, morfologiis, sintaqsis, fonetikis, kulturuli da

socio-kulturuli realobebis codnas.

• codnis meore kategoria dinamikuri rangisaa da samecniero

literaturaSi mas proceduruls uwodeben. igi qmedebis, ucxouri

enis swavlebis SemTxvevaSi - sametyvelo aqtis realizebis

saSualebas iZleva. proceduruli codna gulisxmobs yvela tipis

unar-Cvevas, iqneba es sametyvelo, kulturuli, socialuri Tu

strategiuli.

134

3. damokidebulebebi – amaSi igulisxmeba individualobasTan

dakavSirebuli piradi faqtorebi, romlebic garkveul rols

TamaSoben komunikaciaSi. Tu rogor damokidebulebas gamoiCens

moswavle sametyvelo aqtis realizebisas, es ganpirobebulia misi

pirovnuli xasiaTiT (morcxvi/Tamami, Cumi/ybedi, Tavis TavSi

darwmunebuli/daurwmunebeli, spontanuri/TavSekavebuli da a.S.),

ganwyobebiT, zne-CveulebebiT, warmodgenebiT, motivaciiT da a.S.

arsebobs qmedebis xelismSewyobi da damabrkolebeli

damokidebulebebi. kompetenturi piri yovel kerZo SemTxvevaSi swor,

momgebian damokidebulebas gamoiCens.

4. interaqcia – urTierTqmedebis procesi, romelic mimdinarobs

informaciis gacvla-gamocvlisas..

5. swavlis swavla - maswavlebelma icis ra aris swavleba da icis

ra aris swavla, ra unda qnas moswavlem imisTvis, rom man iswavlos.

magram moswavlem es ar icis. igi mindobilia maswavlebels da brmad

mihyveba mis miTiTebebs. swavlis swavla swored mowafis saswavlo

procesSi gaTviTcnobierebasa da aqtiur CarTvas niSnavs. moswavlem

unda gaacnobieros

Tu ra faqtorebi monawileoben swavlis procesSi (ganwyoba-

damokidebuleba, motivacia, saswavlo profili da sxva);

saswavlo miznebi;

saSualebebi, romlebiTac miznebi miiRweva;

saSualebebi, romlebiTac xorcieldeba miRweuli Sedegebis

Sefaseba;

saSualebebi, romlebiTac xorcieldeba sisusteebis gamosworeba

da a.S.;

6. strategiuli kompetencia – es aris saswavlo strategiebis

gamoyenebis unari. saswavlo strategiebis gansazRvreba ki aseTia :

qmedebebi da meqanizmebi, romelic moswavles moqmedebaSi mohyavs

135

imisTvis, rom ufro advilad Cawvdes, aiTvisos da gamoiyenos axali

informacia.

7. codnis SeZenis sami faza – nebismieri saxis informaciis

damuSavebisas individi sam fazas gadis : igi jer ecnoba siaxles,

raTa Cawvdes mas, Semdeg amuSavebs, raTa daeuflos mas da bolos

mexsierebidan gamoixmobs, raTa gamoiyenos.

kognituri fsiqologia maT wvdomis, SeTvisebisa da

avtomatizaciis fazebs uwodebs:

wvdomis faza –Seswavlis obieqtis miuxedavad, procesi erTia –

daZabuli yuradReba axali informaciis gasagebad, Sesacnobad.

SeTvisebis faza – miRebul inforacias inaxavs mexsierebaSi da iwyebs

mis aqtiur gamoyenebas garkveuli mocemulobebis farglebSi (esa Tu

is savarjiSo, esa Tu is aqtivoba). es aris Secdomebis gamovlena-

gamosworebis faza. am stadiaSi yuradReba imdenad dakavebulia

miRebuli informaciis dasauflebad, rom moswavles ar SeuZlia axali

informaciebis aTvisebaze zrunva.

avtomatizaciis faza – am fazaSi codna-Cvevis avtomaturi gamoyeneba

xorcieldeba, yuradReba mimarTulia codnis funqcionaluri

gamoyenebisaken (6).

8. saswavlo strategiebi – yvelaze miRebuli klasifikaciis mixedviT

saswavlo strategiebi sam did kategoriad daiyofa: metakognituri,

kognituri da socio-emociuri.

8.1. metakognituri strategiebi - gulisxmobs meTvalyureobas

saswavlo procesze, im pirobebisa Tu faqtorebis gagebas-

gacnobierebasa da amoqmedebas, romelic aadvilebs saswavlo process

da xels uwyobs winsvlas. metakognituri strategiebia, magaliTad,

dagegmva, miznebis dasaxva, yuradRebis daZabva, codna_Cvevis

gadasinjva Tu gadamowmeba, saWiroebebis winaswar ganWvreta-

136

momzadeba, TviTSefaseba, enis praqtikisTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmna

da sxva.

8.2. kognituri strategiebi- gulisxmobs urTierTqmedebas moswavlesa

da asaTvisebel masalas Soris, am masalis gonebriv Tu fizikur

manipulirebas, da aseve specifiuri teqnologiebis gamoyenebas ama Tu

im amocanisa Tu davalebis Sesasruleblad. kognituri strategiebi

ufro konkretulia da advilad dakvirvebadi. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba :

enis praqtika, damaxsovrebis mizniT sxvadasxva teqnikebis gamoyeneba,

CaniSvnebis gakeTeba, kategorizacia, klasifikacia raRac

kriteriumebis mixedviT, gameoreba, deduqcia, induqcia, resursebis

gamoyeneba, informaciis Sejameba da a. S.

8.3. socio-emociuri strategiebi - ZiriTadad gulisxmobs, erTis mxriv,

sxvebTan interaqcias enis aTvisebis xelSewyobis mizniT ( kiTxvebis

dasma raimis gasarkvevad, Sesamowmeblad, TanamSromloba), da, meores

mxriv, emociebis marTvas; emociurma faqtorebma swavlebis procesze

SeiZleba Zlieri damabrkolebeli zegavlena iqonios, amitom enis

aTvisebisas maTi gaTvaliswineba da maTi marTva Zalian

mniSvnelovania;

9. metakognituri cnobiereba anu metakognicia -uzrunvelyofs

strategiebis efeqtur da adekvatur gamoyenebas. gamokvlevebis

Sedegad dadasturda, rom warmatebuli swavlisaTvis, metakognicia

gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs: swavla swored im moswavleebs

uadvildebaT, romelTac ganviTarebuli aqvT metakognituri

cnobiereba, xolo imaT, visac ar aqvT metakognituri midgoma,

uZneldebaT swavla da saswavlo procesis warmarTva. Tanamedrove

didaqtika did mniSvnelobas aniWebs strategiuli kompetenciis

ganviTarebas, romelic, Tavismxriv, aviTarebs da amdidrebs

metakognicias.

137

10. mravalgvari azrovneba _ pedagogikur da fsiqologiur samecniero

wreebSi dRes farTod gavrcelda “mravalmgvari azrovnebis” Teoria.

Ees Teoria efuZneba Tanamedrove kognituri da neiro fsiqologiis

monacemebs; igi ukuagdebs aqamde miRebul Sexedulebas, TiTqos

azrovnebis erTaderTi forma logikur-maTematikuri azrovneba iyos.

Aazrovneba ganixileba rogorc unari _ gadaWra raime amocana an

Seqmna raime produqti. amocanis gadaWrac da produqtis Seqmnac

gonebriv aqtivobas moiTxovs, magram yovel kerZo SemTxvevaSi gonebis

sxvadasxva waxnagi, sxvadasxva komponenti moqmedebs. magaliTad : G

problemebis gadasaWrelad gonebis sul sxva komponents aamoqmedebs

mezRvauri, sul sxvas – poeti, sxvas – mebaRe, sul sxvas –

maswavlebeli, da a. S. mravali gamokvlevis Sedegad 7 ZiriTadi

azrovnebis tipi gamoikveTa:

sametyvelo azrovneba – am kompetenciis yvelaze dasrulebuli

saxe albaT mweralia;

logikur-maTematikuri azrovneba – azrovnebis es tipi ufro

imaT aqvT ganviTarebuli, visac maTematika da sxva teqnikuri

dargebi uadvildebaT;

sivrculi azrovneba _ es gulisxmobs unars imoqmedo sivrceSi.

aseTi azrovneba ganviTarebuli aqvT mezRvaurebs, mxatvrebs,

moqandakeebs da a.S.;

musikaluri azrovneba ganviTarebuli aqvT musikis moRvaweebs;

kinesTetikuri azrovneba – es aris unari problemis gadaWrisa

Tu produqtis Seqmnisa sxeuliT an misi erTi nawiliT

(mocekvave, kulturisti, xelosani, moqandake);

interpersonaluri azrovneba – es aris unari gaugo sxvas,

mixvde Tu rogor unda moepyra (diplomati, vaWari,

maswavlebeli, lideri);

intrapersonaluri azrovneba – es aris unari _zusti

warmodgena Seiqmna sakuTar Tavze da cxovrebaSi efeqturad

gamoiyeno.

138

U unda aRiniSnos, rom azrovnebis bolo or tips arsebiTi

mniSvneloba aqvT, Tumc, rogorc wesi, swavlebis procesSi orive

SeumCneveli da ugulvebelyofili rCeba;

cxadia, ama Tu im amocanis gadaWrisas adamiani

kombinirebulad iyenebs azrovnebis sxvadasxva formebs. swored,

azrovnebis tipebis kombinirebis individualuri unarebiT

gansxvavdebian adamianebi erTmaneTisagan. saswavlo procesSi

individualur potenciaTa gamovlena skolis erT-erTi daniSnulebad

unda iqces.

11. TviTswavla: ucxouri enis TviTswavla gulisxmobs momavalSi 4

ZiriTadi amocanis damoukideblad gadaWras:

_ piradi saWiroebebis mixedviT misaRwevi miznebis dadgena-

gansazRvra;

_ saTanado resursebis SerCeva;

_ Sesaferisi strategiebis misadageba-gamoyeneba;

_ TviTSefaseba;

12. sensorul-kinesTetikuri arxebi – sensorul-kinesTeturi sistema

gulisxmobs xuTive grZnobas (xedva, smena, ynosva, gemo, Sexeba) da,

amasTanave, kunTebsa da saxsrebSi ganlagebul receptorebs.

13. saswavlo profili – Tanamedrove pedagogikuri dargi

neiropedagogika moswavles televizors adarebs. televizoris

msgavsad, moswavles sxvadasxva arxiT informaciis miReba SeuZlia. es

arxebi aris grZnobis 5 organo da kinesTetikuri sistema.

neirofsiqologiuri gamokvlevebiT dadasturda, rom calkeul

individSi, rogorc wesi, romeliRac erTi arxi sxvebze metad aris

ganviTarebuli da, Sesabamisad, isini informaciis damuSavebas am

arxiT arCeven. swored es arCevani gansazRvravs saswavlo profils.

dadgenilia sami ZiriTadi saswavlo profili aris:

xedviTi

smeniTi

139

kinesTeturi

zogierTi moswavle informaciis aRqmas xedviT arCevs –aseTebze

amboben “fotoaparatiT” swavlobso. zogierTi – smeniT; maTze amboben,

rom “magnitofoniT” swavlobs; kinesTetikurebze ki imas amboben, rom

“uTaod” swavlobeno – isini arCeven manipulacias, Jestikulacias,

mimikas, ritmebs, moZraobas.

multisensoruli midgomiT arcerTi saswavlo profili ar

iCagreba, ramdenadac yvelas saSualeba eZleva Tavisi dominanti

sensoruli modaloba gamoiyenos; sxva mxriv, aqtivobaTa farTo

speqtri xels uwyobs sxva – recesiuli modalobebis gaaqtiureba-

ganviTarebas da gonebrivi resursebis ufro srulad aTvisebas (14).

saswavlo profils gansazRvravs, aseve, tvinis marjvena da marcxena

naxervarsferoebis araTanabari ganviTareba. visac marjvena aqvs metad

ganviTarebuli, is globalistia, visac marcxena – analitikosi (32).

14. fsiqologiuri profili - morcxvi/Tamami, Cumi/ybedi, Tavis TavSi

dajerebuli/daurwmunebuli, spontanuri/TavSekavebuli, celqi/wynari

da a.S.)

15. multisensoruli swavleba _ gulisxmobs aqtivobaTa iseTi farTo

speqtris gamoyenebas, romelic srulad moiyvans moqmedebaSi mozardis

sensorul-kinesTetur sistemas. neirofsiqologiuri gamokvlevebiT

dadginda, rom mozardSi sensorul-kinesTeturi da motoruli

sistemebi gonebriv ganviTarebaSi fundamentur rols asruleben.

sensorul-motoruli sistema aris is mTavari wyaro, romelic

asazrdoebs mozardSi abstraqtul, cnebiT azrovnebas da amwifebs mas

analitikuri da sityvieri azrovnebisavis (14).

16. gamWoli prioritetebi – is maxasiaTeblebi, romelTa

CamoyalibebaSi met-naklebad yvela sagans SeuZlia Taviseburi

wvlilis Setana (mag.: warmosaxva, azrovneba, TanamSromloba,

pasuxismgebloba, aRqma, metyveleba da a.S.).

140

17. fonematikuri smena – smeniTi mgrZnobeloba, romelic iWers

bgeraTa Soris arsebul mcire, Tumc, mniSvnelovan gansxvavebebs.

18. avtomatizeba – CvevaSi gadasvla. roca konkretuli moqmedeba aRar

saWiroebs yuradRebis, cnobierebis specialur Carevas (Cveva –

konkretuli moqmedebis avtomaturad Sesrulebis unaris daufleba).

19. plurilingvisturi cnobiereba :

Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi warmoiSva saSiSroeba, romelic

emuqreba kulturaTa, tradiciaTa, cnobierebaTa TviTmyofadobas ;

erTi gaxlavT yvelas da yvelafris uniformizacia (masobrivi

gaerTgvarovanebis procesi). am fenomenisagan Tavdacvis survilma,

Tavis mxriv, Sva meore negatiuri movlena, romelic xels uSlis

kulturaTa harmoniul Tanaarsebobasa da samoqalaqo sazogadobis

ganviTarebas : es gaxlavT karCaketili partikularizmi. aRsaniSnavia,

rom es ori TiTqos urTierTsawinaaRmdego movlena erT sawyisze dgas

– gansxvavebuli TviTmyofadobis ar-cnoba, ar-aRiareba. am ori

negatiuri movlenis dasaZlevd evrosabWom erT-erT prioritetad

plurilingvizmis ganviTareba gamoacxada.

plurilingvizmi kompleqsuri cnebaa da or aspeqts Seicavs –

zneobriv-eTikurs da pragmatuls. erTis mxriv, igi gulisxmobs,

nebismieri (sakuTari Tu ucxo) enobriv-kulturuli TviTmyofadobaTa

Rirebulebis cnoba-aRiarebas da dafasebas ; meore mxriv, enebis

aTvisebis survilsa da unars. plurilingvizms, rogorc personalur

an socialur maxasiaTebels cnobierebasa da kompetencias uwodeben

(36,37).

20. aqtivoba – yoveli konkretuli da mizanmimartuli qmedeba,

gamovlenili saswavlo procesis farglebSi.

141

21. interkultura – kulturuli informaciis qona, romelsac

Tansdevs unari, gaigo gansxvavebuli kultura, miiRo iseTi, rogoric

aris ; gaixsna mis mimarT ise, rom ar mowyde sakuTar kulturul

fesvs.

daskvna

naSromSi Cven SevecadeT movlenaTa erTi nawilis ganxilva,

romelic epoqalurma dakveTam saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo

sivrceSi aprobaciis sagnad aqcia. nebismier epoqaSi

msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZveli dominanti filosofiuri

mimdinareobebia. epoqaluri msoflmxedveloba epoqis praqtikuli

funqcionirebis ganmsazRvrelia. arseboben kulturuli (cnobierebiTi)

TviTmyofadobebi, romlebic ver eguebian Tavs moxveul

Tanamedroveobas. Seuguebloba miTumetes mZafrdeba, rodesac

epoqis medroSe romelime TviTmyofadoba xdeba. aseT SemTxvevaSi,

yovelive, eTnikur, kulturul Tu religiur produqciad aRiqmeba.

sadReisod, dominanti msoflmxedvelobrivi safuZveli _

filosofiuri pragmatizmi Tanamedroveobis nebismier movlenas (maT

Soris adamians) `gamoyenebis~, `moxmarebis~ WrilSi ganixilavs.

saganmanaTleblo sivceSi ybadaRebuli termini `unar-Cveva~, romlis

farTo speqtris adamianur maxasiaTeblad damkvidrebas lamobs epoqa,

sxva raa, Tu ara rentabelobis garantia. nebismier epoqaSi adamians

gaaCnda unaric da Cvevac. ubralod arasdros arsebobda aseTi

isteriuli deklarirebis saWiroeba, rogorc dRevandelobaSia. raSi

mdgomareobs es saWiroeba? iqneb, unar-CvevebiT aRWurvil adamianSi,

romelmac uTuod fexi unda auwyos civilizaciis ganviTarebis sul

ufro mzard tempebs. . .

nebismier SemTxvevaSi, pirovnebis formirebasTan dakavSirebuli

dakveTis ganxorcieleba ganaTlebis funqciaa da Cveni kvlevis

Tavisebureba dakveTisa da Sesrulebis gaanalizebaSi mdgomareobda.

142

naSromis pirvel TavSi mocemul analizs garkveul daskvnamde

mivyavarT: dargis swavlebis koncefcia, rogorc wesi,Kgarkveuli

politikis gamtarebelia Sesabamis dargSi. ACveni qveynis SemTxvevaSi,

sasurvelia, rom ucxouri ena, rogorc saganmanaTleblo dargi

plurilingvizmis politikas iTvaliswinebdes. Mmetadre, imis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom plurilingvisturi competencia, sxva

maxasiaTeblebTan erTad, efuZneba enobriv kompetenciebs. Eenobrivi

kompetencia ki, Tavis mxriv, kulturul kompetenciebsac Seicavs.

saqarTveloSi arsebuli enobriv-kulturuli mravalferovneba kargi

bazisia Cvens sazogadoebaSi prurilingvizmis gasaviTareblad.

plurilingvisturi cnobierebis Camoyalibeba miTumetes saxarbielo

unda iyos moqalaqeobrivi Segnebisa da TviTmyofadobaTa Soris

mSvidobiani Tancxovrebis dasamkvidreblad.

Tanamedrove msoflios saganmanaTleblo sistemebSi kurikulumi

damkvidrebuli terminia. erT-erTi specialistis azriT, kurikulumi

Tavad saganmanaTleblo procesia(23). naSromis meore TavSi Cven

SevecadeT kurikulumis istoriuli ganviTarebis fonze

gagveanalizebina misi SesaZlebloba, warmoadgendes efeqtur

saganmanaTleblo process. analizidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia

davaskvnaT, rom kurikulumi, rogorc idea gulisxmobs farTo gagebiT

qveyanaSi, xolo viwro gagebiT, saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi

mimdinare pedagogikuri procesebis erTobliobas, xolo rogorc

dokumenti, pedagogikuri procesebis koordinaciis saSualebaa,

vinaidan Tavadve SeiTavsebs procesebs. K

kurikulumis SemuSavebas Tavisi wesebi gaaCnia. erT-erTi wesis

Tanaxmad nebismieri aspeqti, romelic ganisazRvreba kurikulumis mier

unda iyos mocemuli dinamikaSi (17,23). dinamikaSi mocemuli aspeqti ki,

TavisTavad procesia. vfiqrobT, amgvari moTxovnis Tanaxmad

SemuSavebuli kurikulumis saswavlo procesSi danergva

maswavleblisTvis advilad xelmisawvdomi iqneba.

143

saqarTvelos saganmanaTleblo sistema gardaqmnis procesSia.

sistemis qvakuTxedi maswavlebelia. maswavlebelma unda aiTavisos is

moTxovnebi, romelsac saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba uyenebs.

Tanamedrove saganmanaTleblo teqnologiebis aTviseba da saswavlo-

aRmzrdlobiT procesSi danergva maswavleblisgan dauRalav Sromas

moiTxovs. naSromis mesameTavSi Cven SevecadeT maswavleblis

praqtikuli moRvaweobis aspeqtebs SevxebodiT.

maswavleblis profesonalizmi da pedagogiuri moRvaweobis

efeqturoba moswavlis mTlianobaSi danaxvas gulisxmobs. Zalze

mniSvnelovania maswavlebelma moswavlis yovelmxrivi

ganviTarebisTvis izrunos, gansakuTrebiT dawyebiT saskolo

safexurze. es gulisxmobs aqtivobaTa iseTi farTo speqtris

gamoyenebas, romelic srulad moiyvans moqmedebaSi mozardis

sensorul-kinesTetur sistemas.

neirofsiqologiuri gamokvlevebiT dadginda, rom mozardSi

sensorul-kinesTeturi da motoruli sistemebi gonebriv ganviTarebaSi

fundamentur rols asruleben. sensorul-motoruli sistema aris is

mTavari wyaro, romelic asazrdoebs mozardSi abstraqtul, cnebiT

azrovnebas da amwifebs mas analitikuri da sityvieri azrovnebisavis

(31). bavSvs, mozrdilisagan gansxvavebiT, ganuviTarebeli aqvs

analitikuri da sityvieri azrovneba. amis mizezi daadgina tvinis

naxevarsferoebze Catarebulma gamokvlevebma(47). aRmoCnda, rom

verbalur da analitikur procesebs marcxena naxevarsfero marTavs –

igi qmediTunariania sityvieri informaciis dasamuSaveblad, enis

kodirebisa Tu dekodirebisaTvis; misi funqciaa mTliani daanawevros;

sul sxvaa marjvena naxevarsferos funqcia: igi arasityvier procesebs

marTavs; misi midgoma globarulia, sinTezuria; igi poulobs

struqturas, xedavs kavSirebs. marJvena naxevarsfero qmediTia

vizualuri Tu sivrculi informaciis dasamuSavelad. amasTanave igi

aris SemoqmedebiTi intuiciis wyaro, anu, mniSvnelovan rols

TamaSobs SemoqmedebiTobis ganviTarebaSi. igi uZluria sityvieri

informaciis dasamuSaveblad. bavSvs ki, rogorc aRmoCnda, swored

144

marjvena naxevarsfero aqvs metad ganviTarebuli. amitomac uWirs mas

TvalsaCinoebis gareSe, mxolod sityvieri gziT miwodebuli

informaciis aRqma (47).

meoce saukunis dasawyisidan mokidebuli ukanasknel xanebamde

swavleba ZiriTadad marcxena naxevarsferos ganviTarebasken iyo

mimarTuli. bavSvebs xSir SemTxvevaSi iseTi davalebebis Sesruleba

uwevdaT da uwevT dResac, romelic maTi fsiqikuri ganviTarebis

Taviseburebebs ar miesadageba; aseTi Caciebis Sedegad moswavleebi

kargaven Sinagan motivacias da uxalisod, ZaliT swavloben. Aamis

nayofs swavlebis momdevno saskolo etapze viwvnevT. sanam moswavle

bavSvobis fazaSia, mas ufrosisadmi morCilebis moTxovnileba akavebs.

magram, Sinagan motivacias moklebuli mozardi swavlaze xels iRebs

winagardatexis asakSi, roca iwyeba am asakisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

mniSvnelovan fsiqikur gardaqmnebTan dakavSirebuli

daumorCileblobis xana(7).

amrigad, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs pedagogiuri strategiebis

reorganizebas da maT mimarTvas moswavleze orientirebuli

aqtivobebisaken, romlebic aRZraven TviTganviTarebis motivacias.

naSromisaTvis amgvari Rirebulebis miniWeba ugvano ambiciiT

gamowveuli aqti ar aris. amgvari qmedeba SesaZloa qveynisaTvis

sasargeblo moRvaweobis surviliT gatacebuli adamianis aRtkineba

iyos. vimedovnebT, Cveni kvleva da Semoqmedeba saqarTvelos

saganmanaTleblo sistemis aRmSeneblobis saqmeSi mciredi

kontribucia iqneba.

145

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