TAMU NROTC Military Organization

• Unit Staff– Commanding Officer, COL Timoney, USMC– Executive Officer, Commander Haynie, USN

• The National Military Establishment was created by the National Security Act of 1947.– (After the end of WWII.)

• The DOD was established as an executive department of the government by the National Security Act Amendments of 1949.

• Headed by the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF)

DOD Organization

• Intent of the National Security Act and its amendments:

– Increase civilian control of the Armed Forces to be consistent with Constitutional requirements

– Eliminate unnecessary duplication

– Provide efficient inter-service cooperation

– Provide a unified strategic direction of the Armed Forces

DOD Organization

• Missions of the DOD:

– To support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies

– Protect the United States, its possessions, and areas vital to its interests

– Advance the policies and interests of the United States

– Safeguard the internal security of the United States

DOD Organization

The Secretary of Defense

• The Honorable Chuck Hagel

• Established informally during WWII and was modeled after the British Chiefs of Staff.

• National Security Act of 1947 made this a permanent agency.

The Joint Chiefs of Staff

• Appointed by the President from the Army, Navy, Air Force, or Marine Corps

• The principal military advisor to the President, NSC, and SECDEF.

• This person may not exercise military command over the JCS or any of the armed services.

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs

Joint Chiefs of Staff

CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF

(GEN MARTIN DEMPSEY)

VICE CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS OF STAFF

(ADM JAMES WINNEFELD)

CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE AIR FORCE

(GEN NORTON SCHWARTZ)

CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE ARMY(GEN RAYMOND ODIERNO)

CHIEF OF THE NATIONAL GUARD BUREAU

(GEN CRAIG MCKINLEY)

COMMANDANT OF THE MARINE CORPS

(GEN JAMES AMOS)

CHIEF OF NAVAL OPERATIONS(ADM JONATHAN GREENERT)

(GEN Mark Welsh) (GEN Frank Grass)

• Composed of forces from two or more services

• Has a broad and continuing mission

• Normally organized on a geographic basis

• Ex. US CENTCOM

Unified Commands

• TRANSCOM• SOCOM• STRATCOM

• A “Force Projection” Army

• Primary mission– To prepare land forces for war– To fight our country’s wars and win

US Army: Mission & Functions

• Three phases or elements in an Army operation:– Mobilization (Active and Reserve Units)– Deployment – Operational

• Operations may or may not involve conflict– OOTW - Operations Other than War– Disaster relief, drug interdiction, fighting forest fires,

etc.

US Army: Mission & Functions

• Missions– Strategic aerospace offense– Strategic aerospace defense– Counter air– Air interdiction (AI)– Close-air support (CAS)– Airlift– Aerospace surveillance and reconnaissance– Aerospace maritime operations

US Air Force

• Missions

– Enforcement of all maritime laws and treaties– Search and rescue (SAR)– Enforcement of national anti-drug policy– Maintenance of all aids to navigation– Ice-breaking operations– Scientific research projects– Environmental cleanup & control

US Coast Guard

• Missions, cont’d.

– Fulfill any military function as directed– Boating safety in inland lakes & waterways– Military reconnaissance (wartime)– Safeguard ports & harbors– Investigation of marine disasters in domestic waters (TWA

Flight 800, JFK Jr.)– Instruct general public on boating safety

US Coast Guard

Department of the Navy

• US Navy born on October 13, 1775

• Mission– Guided by the Joint Maritime Strategy combines the

efforts of USN, USMC, USCG• Think of it as our corporate mission statement

– Organize, train, equip, prepare, and maintain readiness of the Navy and Marine Corps

– Support Navy and Marine forces when assigned to unified commands

Joint Maritime Strategy• Security

– Maritime forces are the first line of defense with the ability to deploy quickly and reach difficult locations

• Stability– 70% of the world is water– 80% of the world’s population lives on or near the coastline– 90% of the world’s commerce sails across it

• Sea Power– Unifying force and common denominator that enables global

security, stability, and prosperity• Preventing wars is an important as…• Collective security

– Trust and cooperation cannot be surged

DON Composition

• Navy Department– SECNAV– CNO– Commandant of the Marine Corps

• Operating forces

• Shore establishments not directly involved in supporting the fleet (Recruiting Command, NROTC)

Secretary of the Navy

• Honorable Ray Mabus

Chief of Naval Operations

• Senior military officer in the Navy• Member of the JCS• Principal advisor to SECNAV and the President• In command of all administrative and training

commands

Chief of Naval Operations (CNO)

• ADM Jonathan W. Greenert

Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy

• MCPON (AW/NAC) Mike D. Stevens

Roles of the US Navy

• Projection of power from sea to land• Sea control and Maritime supremacy• Strategic Deterrence• Strategic Sealift• Forward Naval Presence• Humanitarian Assistance/Disaster Response

(HADR)

Projection of Power

• Objectives– Deliver and support troops ashore– Secure land from the enemy– Destroy offensive capability of opponent– Harassment / Intimidation

• Tactics– Amphibious Assault– Naval bombardment / Precision munitions– Tactical air projection– Deterrent patrol (SSBNs)

Projection of Power

• Forces used:– Marines– Carrier Air Wings– Naval bombardment (CG/DDG)– Cruise missiles (Tomahawks)

Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy

• Objectives– Maintain use of the sea, while denying its use to the

enemy• Control SLOC’s (Sea Lines Of Communication)

– Ensure industrial supply lines remain open– Reinforce/resupply military forces overseas– Provide wartime economic/military supplies to allies– Provide safety for naval forces projecting power ashore

Sea Control and Maritime Supremacy

• Tactics– Sortie control• “Bottle up” the enemy in port through blockade

– Choke point control• Use geographic choke points to hinder enemy

– Open-area operations• Seek out and neutralize enemy on the open ocean

– Local engagement• Concentration of forces

Sea Control and Maritime Security

• Forces used:– Carrier Air Wings– Surface combatants (CG, DDG, FFG, LCS)– Attack submarines (SSNs)– Mines

Strategic Deterrence

• Objectives– Deter all-out attack on US or allies– Pose the threat of unacceptable losses to a potential aggressor

contemplating less than all-out attack– Maintain a stable international political environment

• Background– Navy is responsible for one part of the nuclear triad

• US Strategic Command (STRATCOM) with B-1’s• Land-based missiles (Minutemen III)• Seagoing nuclear-powered Ohio-class SSBN’s

– With the end of the Cold War, SSBN’s are the primary mode of deterrence today.

Strategic Deterrence

• Tactics– Assured second strike• Trident missile - 4,000+ mile range. 24 per sub• Submarine is a survivable and credible deterrent

– Controlled response• Attack plans can be changed in case of partial attack.• CVN, Tomahawk strike capability

– Deter rogue nations– Maintain balance of power

Strategic Sealift

• Objective– To deliver US (and allied) forces and sustaining

supplies to any part of the world, whenever needed

• Tactics– Prepositioning– Surge– Sustainment

Forward Naval Presence

• Objectives:– To deter actions not in the interests of the United

States or its allies– To encourage actions that are in the interests of

the United States or its allies

Forward Naval Presence

• Tactics– Preventative deployments• Provides forward presence• Routine operations (MED, WESTPAC)

– Reactive deployments• Response to crisis• Iran, Beirut, Kuwait, Iraq

Forward Naval Presence

• Forces used– Carrier Strike Groups• One CVN• Two CG• Two DDG• Two SSN• One FFG• One Supply ship

Mission of the USNR

• Primary:– To deliver strategic depth and operational

capability to the Navy, Marine Corps, and Joint Forces

• Secondary:– Assist active force in accomplishing its peacetime

mission as a by-product of training for mobilization

Manpower Categories

• Ready Reserve, Standby Reserve, Retired Reserve

• Ready Reserve– Provides a pool of trained Sailors ready to step in and

serve whenever and wherever needed– Consists of

• Selected Reserve (SELRES)– Drilling Reservists– Full-Time Support (FTS) personnel

• Individual Ready Reserve (IRR)

USMC Basics• Established 10 Nov 1775

• Separate Military Service – National Security Act of 1947– Separate Roles and Missions

• Part of Department of Navy not U.S. Navy – Commandant reports to Secretary of the Navy– No Secretary of the Marine Corps

History & Traditions• Tun Tavern Nov 10, 1775 – two battalions of Marines raised

• First Commandant– Captain Samuel Nicholas– Directed to raise Marines to establish two battalions– Never officially called “Commandant”

• First official Commandant of the United States Marine Corps– Major William Ward Burrows

• The President’s Own– Marine band that has performed at White House functions for every

president except George Washington– Established by act of Congress in 1798– Stationed at the “Oldest Post in the Corps” in Washington D.C.

History & Traditions• Lieutenant Alfred Cunningham

– First Marine aviator to earn his wings – Marine aviation first introduced during WWI

• First female Marine– 13 Aug 1918– Opha Mae Johnson was the first female to enlist in the Marine Corps– Formerly called Women Marines (WM) but term is considered no longer acceptable

• Blood stripe – Battle of Chapultepec, Mexican-American War, September 1847 – Commemorates the Marines killed while storming the castle of Chapultepec

• "Devil Dog" - Battle of Belleau Wood, WWI 1918– Germans referred to Marines as “Teufelhunden” (Hollenhunde-hell hound) to

describe their fighting abilities

History & Traditions• Scarlet & Gold

– Official colors of the Marine Corps– Scarlet stands for the blood Marines shed and the gold shows the world that

Marines are bold

• “Uncommon Valor was a Common Virtue”– Quote by Admiral Chester Nimitz and refers to the battle for Iwo Jima, largest

all-Marine battle in history

• Semper Fidelis– Marine Corps motto means always faithful

• Leatherneck– Marine nickname that refers to the leather stock or neckpiece that was

originally part of the Marine uniform

History & Traditions

• “Every Marine a rifleman”– Regardless of MOS- trained as an infantrymen first– Marines augment different MOSs

• Hymn of the Marine Corps– Marine Hymn

• Eagle, Globe, & Anchor– Marine Corps Emblem

• Eagle- Our nation• Globe- Worldwide service• Anchor- Naval traditions

Current Commandant and Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps

USMC Operational Concepts• Maneuver Warfare

– Not just spatial– Taking action to generate and exploit an advantage over the enemy

• Operational Maneuver From the Sea (OMFTS)– Capstone operational concept– Uses sea as maneuver space– Executed in concert with the Navy– Emphasis on littorals– Links naval and maneuver warfare – Aimed at an enemy’s center of gravity

• Ship to Objective Maneuver (STOM)– Tactically implements OMFTS– Reduces “footprint” ashore– Applied across missions to include humanitarian aid– STOM

USMC Organization

• Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF)– Four components

• Command element• Ground combat element• Aviation combat element• Logistics combat element

• 4 types of MAGTFs– Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF)– Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)– Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU)– Special Purpose MAGTF (SPMAGTF)

MAGTF OrganizationCommand Element

(CE)

Ground Combat Element(GCE)

Air Combat Element (ACE)

Logistics Combat Element

(LCE)

Basic structure never varies, but number, type, and size of units in each of the four elements will be mission-dependent.

Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF)

• Principle warfighting organization in USMC– Commanded by Lieutenant General– Self sustainable for 60 days– Only standing MAGTF

• Composition– Marine Division– Marine Air Wing– Marine Logistics Group

MEF HQ Group(CE)

Marine Division(GCE)

Marine Air Wing(ACE) Marine Logistics Group (LCE)

MEF Locations

I MEFCamp Pendleton, CA

II MEFCamp Lejeune, NC

III MEFOkinawa, Japan

Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)

● Commanded by Brigadier General● Self sustainable for 30 days ● Composition:

● Regimental Landing Team● Marine Air Group● Combat Logistics Regiment

● MEB staffs are cadres pulled from MEF

MEB HQ(CE)

Infantry Regiment (rein)(GCE)

Aircraft Group(ACE)

Combat LogisticsRegiment (LCE)

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU)

• Commanded by a Colonel

• Self sustainable for 15 days

• Forward deployed on amphibious ships

• Components– MEU Headquarters– Battalion Landing Team– Composite Aviation Squadron– Combat Logistics Battalion

Special PurposeMAGTF

• Temporarily established to accomplish specific missions that are inappropriate for MEF, MEB or MEU

• Draws forces from:– Marine Divisions– Marine Air Wings– Marine Logistic Groups

• Example: Hurricane Katrina

Be polite, be professional, but have a plan to kill everybody you meet. -Lt Gen Mattis

51

General enlisted ratings

• Seaman (SN)• Performs ship-related duties• Examples:– Deck – Weapons– Administrative– Clerical– Electronics Precision

52

General enlisted ratings

• Hospitalman (HN)– Assists doctors in performing medical care (aka corpsman)

53

General enlisted ratings

• Fireman– Marine engineering– Ship maintenance

• Examples– Damage Controlman– Machinist’s Mate– Engineman– Electrician’s Mate– Gas Turbine Systems Mechanic

54

General enlisted ratings

• Airman– Various naval air activities

• Examples– Aviation Boatswain’s Mate– Aviation Electronics Technician– Aviation Warfare Systems Operator– Aviation Ordnancemen

55

General enlisted ratings

• Constructionman - Seabees– Operates and services construction equipment

• Examples– Builder– Steelworker– Construction Mechanic– Utilitiesman

• Machinist Mate (MM)

• Culinary Specialist (CS)

• Yeoman (YN)

• Quartermaster (QM)

• Electronics Technician (ET)

56

Some Common Enlisted Ratings

57

Navy Enlisted Classification

• NEC’s– Codes that show the special knowledge and skills

they have now– A four-digit number (i.e. – 1733)

58

Rising through the ranks

• E-1• Seaman Recruit

59

Rising through the ranks

• E-2• Seaman Apprentice

60

Rising through the ranks

• E-3• Seaman

61

Rising through the ranks

• E-4• Petty Officer Third Class• BM3

62

Rising through the ranks

• E-5• Petty Officer Second Class• BM2

63

Rising through the ranks

• E-6• Petty Officer First Class• BM1

64

Rising through the ranks

• E-7• Chief Petty Officer• QMC

65

Rising through the ranks

• E-8• Senior Chief Petty Officer• QMCS

66

Rising through the ranks

• E-9• Master Chief Petty Officer • QMCM

67

Rising through the ranks

• E-9• Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy • MCPON

68

Rising through the ranks

• O-1• Navy– Ensign (ENS)

• USMC– 2nd Lieutenant (2LT)

69

Rising through the ranks

• O-2• Navy– Lieutenant Junior Grade (LTjg)

• USMC– 1st Lieutenant (1Lt)

70

Rising through the ranks

• O-3• Navy– Lieutenant (LT)

• USMC– Captain (Capt)

71

Rising through the ranks

• O-4• Navy– Lieutenant Commander (LCDR)

• USMC– Major (Maj)

72

Rising through the ranks

• O-5• Navy– Commander (CDR)

• USMC– Lieutenant Colonel (LtCol)

73

Rising through the ranks

• O-6• Navy– Captain (CAPT)

• USMC– Colonel (Col)

74

Rising through the ranks

• O-7• Navy– Rear Admiral, Lower Half (RDML)

• USMC– Brigadier General (BGEN)

75

Rising through the ranks

• O-8• Navy– Rear Admiral, Upper Half (RADM)

• USMC– Major General (MGEN)

76

Rising through the ranks

• O-9• Navy– Vice Admiral (VADM)

• USMC– Lieutenant General (LGEN)

77

Rising through the ranks

• O-10• Navy– Admiral (ADM)

• USMC– General (GEN)

78

Marine Corps Enlisted Ranks

79

USMC Ranks

• E-1• Private

80

USMC Ranks

• E-2• Private First Class (PFC)

81

USMC Ranks

• E-3• Lance Corporal (LCPL)

82

USMC Ranks

• E-4• Corporal (CPL)

83

USMC Ranks

• E-5• Sergeant (SGT)

84

USMC Ranks

• E-6• Staff Sergeant (SSGT)

85

USMC Ranks

• E-7• Gunnery Sergeant (GySGT)

86

USMC Ranks

• E-8• First Sergeant (1STSGT)

• Master Sergeant (MSGT)

87

USMC Ranks

• E-9• Sergeant Major (SGTMAJ)

• Master Gunnery Sergeant (MGYSGT)

88

USMC Ranks

• E-9• Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (SGTMAJMC)

89

Warfare Insignia

• Surface Warfare Officer Pin

90

Warfare Insignia

• Submarine Warfare Officer Pin• “Dolphins”

91

Warfare Insignia

• Naval Aviator Pin• (Pilot)• Makes you look cool• Most coveted pin in the Navy

92

Warfare Insignia

• Naval Flight Officer Pin• (NFO)

93

Warfare Insignia

• Special Warfare Pin• (SEALs)

94

Navy Uniforms

• Khakis (Officers & CPO’s)– Collar devices– CNT (Summer) khaki / POLY-WOOL• Short sleeve

– Khaki combination cover, garrison cap

95

Navy Uniforms

• Summer Whites– Shoulder boards– No collar devices!– Gold belt buckle– White combination cover– WHITE SHOES

• Chiefs – No shoulder boards, but collar devices.

96

Navy Uniforms• Officer/CPO

Service Dress Whites– “Choker” whites– CNT– Shoulder boards– No collar devices!– Gold belt buckle– White combo cover

• Chiefs – No shoulder boards, but collar devices.

97

Navy Uniforms• Service Dress Blues– Ranks as stripes on sleeve– Soft shoulder boards on white shirt– Combination Cover

98

Navy Uniforms

• Enlisted Service Dress Whites– Cotton/polyester– Crow on left sleeve– Silver belt buckle– “Dixie cup”

99

Navy Uniforms

• Service Dress Blues (enlisted)– Similar to enlisted dress whites

100

Navy Uniforms

• Enlisted Service Uniform– Black slacks with khaki

shirt and black garrison cover

101

Navy Uniforms

• Navy Working Uniform– Working uniform for E-1

– O-10– Blue/Gray digital

camouflage pattern for shipboard use

102

Differences between Line & Staff Officers

• Unrestricted Line (URL) Officers are eligible for command-at-sea (ship, squadron, SEAL team, etc.).– Surface Warfare Officers– Aviators/Flight Officers– Nuclear Propulsion Officers– Special Warfare and Special Operations Officers

103

Differences between Line & Staff Officers

• Restricted Line Officers are those in seagoing specialties who are eligible for command of shore installations within their specialty. Some examples include:– Intelligence Officers– Cryptology Officers– Engineering Duty Officers (EDO’s)

104

Differences between Line & Staff Officers

• Staff Corps Officers are those in shore-based support fields who are eligible for command of shore installations within their specialty. Some examples include:– Medical Corps and Medical Service Corps Officers– Supply Officers– Chaplains and JAG Officers– Civil Engineering Corps (CEC) Officers

Types of Salutes

• Hand salute

• Hand salute under arms

• Present arms

• Sword salute

• “Eyes right" when passing in review

Aboard Ships

• Reporting aboard

• Disembarking vessel

• Salute officers at the first meeting of the day.

• Salute the CO and all officers senior to him/her on every meeting.

First Salutes Ensign

Second Salute the OODRequesting permission to come aboard

During the National Anthem

• Not in formation and covered -- stand at attention, face the national ensign or the direction from which the music is coming, salute upon hearing the first note and hold until the last note is played.

During the National Anthem

• In formation and covered -- formation is brought to attention/order arms. Formation commander faces national ensign or music and renders the salute for the formation.

• Uncovered--face national ensign or music and stand at attention.

During the National Anthem

• If in civilian clothes--remove hat, stand at attention, place right hand over heart.

• These rules apply to foreign national anthems as well.

National Ensign

• When passed by or passing the national ensign as it is being carried, or is uncased, or is in a military formation, all naval personnel shall salute. General Orders

• Salute when boarding or disembarking vessels.

• This also applies to foreign national ensigns.

In Buildings

• Do not salute unless in the official capacity (on watch).

• Salute in buildings only when failure to do so might cause embarrassment or a misunderstanding (i.e., Army or USAF).

• When reporting to an office, do not render a salute.

Outside

• If seated, a junior should rise and face the senior and render a salute and appropriate greeting.

• When reporting on deck or outside ashore naval personnel will be covered and will render a salute.

In vehicle

• Juniors salute all seniors who are riding in vehicles.

• Those officers in the vehicle will return salutes as required.

• The driver of the vehicle is obliged to salute if stopped, but has the option when moving for safety reasons.

Overtaking

• When a junior passes a senior, pass to the left, salute when abreast and say "By your leave, sir or ma'am." The senior will return the salute and say, "Very well" or "Carry on”.

• If seniority is unknown: always salute if in doubt.

Saluting situations - Walking with a Senior

• Always walk to the left of the senior.

• If the senior is saluted by personnel who are junior to the officer, do not salute until the senior officer does.

Meeting Seniors

• Render salute at six paces or the nearest point of approach.

• Hold salute until returned.

• Accompany salutes with a greeting - "Good morning/afternoon/evening, sir or ma'am"

Meeting Seniors

• Salutes are rendered to all officers of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, foreign military officers, and civilian officials who rate gun salutes.

When not to salute

• When uncovered.

• In formation, except on command.

• In a work detail (person in charge salutes).

• When engaged in athletics.

When not to salute

• If both hands are full.

• In public places when inappropriate (i.e., restaurant).

• In public conveyances.

• At mess.

Shipboard Courtesy-Quarterdeck

• Officer of the Deck is in charge and directly represents the CO.

–Responsible for the safety and security of the ship.–All officers are subordinate except XO and

CDO.– Same rules apply if OOD is enlisted.

Boat and Vehicle Etiquette

• Seniors board last and leave first.

• Seniors sit towards the aft, juniors sit forward.

Correspondence

• When addressing members down your chain of command, or personnel of lesser rank than the you, sign "Respectfully", or "R"

• When addressing members up the your chain of command, or officers higher in rank, sign "Very respectfully", or "V/R"

Honors and Ceremonies

• Morning and Evening colors.

• Gun Salutes:– Honors an individual or nation• Fired in odd numbers every 5 seconds• President/Head of State 21 Guns• Holidays 21 Guns• ADM 17 Guns• VADM 15 Guns• RADM 13 Guns• RDML 11 Guns

Half-Masting the Ensign

• For deceased official or officer, as directed.

• When Directed by higher authority.

• Procedures

Personal Flags and Pennants

• Flag officers are entitled to personal flags:

– Navy -- blue flag with white stars– Marines -- red flag with gold stars

Commission Pennant

• Flown on all Naval ships in service/commission

Dressing / Full Dress Ship

• Full Dress Ship:

– 4th of July, Washington's birthday.– When directed by a higher authority– Same flags as in dress ship, with:• Rainbow of Signal Flags.• When dressing ship for a foreign holiday, that nation's

flag is hoisted at the main mast in place of the U.S. flag.

Dining-In/Dining-Out

• Formal dinners given by members of a naval unit, in order to demonstrate esprit de corps.

• Dining-In -- only military officers from that unit.

• Dining-Out -- military officers and their civilian spouses or friends.

Dining-In/Dining-Out

• Typical Dining-In / Out:

– The dinner– Toasts– Fines– Decorum