taming the anarchy – towards sustainable use of groundwater
TRANSCRIPT
Jeremy Bird International Water Management InstituteBudapest Water Summit28-30 November 2016
Based on the work of Tushaar Shah, Karen Villholth, Paul Pavelic and partners
Taming the Anarchy –towards sustainable use of groundwater
Photo: Hamish John Appelby / IWMI
How much longer can groundwater management remain ‘off’ the mainstream water agenda?
Source: IWMI
Need for transitional solutions – e.g. separate feeders in India
• Elusive problem – subsidy; excessive pumping; over abstraction; financial loss to utilities
• Pragmatic solution - separation of electricity supply to villages and pumps
• Outcome - reduced electricity use, recovering water tables, improved power supply to domestic users, higher yields
• India has 130,000 GW of installed pumping capacity in electric and diesel tube wells
• Shifting to a solar power source could reduce India’s Greenhouse Gas emissions by up to 6%
• Threat of over-use and resource depletion
• Adopt a hybrid approach –solar irrigation + feed in tariff
• Provides a ‘nexus’ solution Agricultural livelihoods -Energy - Water - Climate
Solar irrigation - the ‘opportunity’ and the ‘risk’
Solar pumps offer 2800-3000 hrs/yr of top quality, day-time power, free.
SPaRC:You cannot charge Rs 7/unit of grid power to farmers; BUT YOU CAN PAY THEM Rs 7 FOR THEIR SURPLUS SOLAR POWER
WHICH THEY DO NOT USE TO PUMP WATER
MGVCL’s 25 year Power purchase guarantee at Rs 4.63/unit
Project Green Energy Bonus: Rs 1.25/kWh Project Water Conservation Bonus: Rs 1.25/kWh
Total Feed in Tariff: Rs 7. 13/kWh
Earned Rs 90,000/ in 4 months
IWMI CCAFS Pilot: Solar Power as a Remunerative Crop
A water-secure world w w w . i w m i . o r g
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Cumulative Income from MGVCL
Cumulative Bonus from IWMI
kWh Used in Irrigation
kWh Sold to Grid
Before energy sale began After energy sale began
Solar Power Sales
Incentives at work in reducing abstractions – triple win
A water-secure world w w w . i w m i . o r g
Cooperative members receive first payments for energy sales
A water-secure world w w w . i w m i . o r g
Solarising 15 million 6.5 kW grid-connected solar irrigation pumps would give 100 GW solar capacity targeted by 2022
Gains from
SPaRC
US $ 800/ year/solar
farmer
Grid Power subsidy
savings US $ 11 billion/year
30-35 % drop in Groundwater
use in irrigation
CO2 emissions drops by 13 mmt/ year
Release 30% of grid
capacity
150 billion kWh solar
/year
A water-secure world w w w . i w m i . o r g
www.iwmi.org
Water for a food-secure world
>60% of inner Ganges Basin potentially suitable for managed aquifer recharge
Rethinking storage: retaining flood water underground – a new reality?
GRIPP – objectives• Enhance the role of groundwater management in reaching the SDGs • Showcase and out-scale success stories• Support governments in adopting evidence-based policies and approaches• Implement research that enhances and sustains groundwater benefits
Groundwater Solutions Initiative for Policy and Practice (GRIPP)
1. Groundwater and Food Security
2. Groundwater for Sustainable Development
3. Groundwater, Water Security and Climate Change Adaptation
4. Groundwater and Energy
5. Transboundary Aquifers
6. Groundwater Governance
GRIPP Program Areas/Themes
TopIrrigation project near Ziway, Ethiopia
Picture credit: Petterik Wiggers
BottomPumping groundwater to irrigate fields in Nepal
Picture credit: Fraser Sugden
GRIPP Knowledge Products
Case Study Briefs Series No 1
Aquifer Contracts - A Means to Solving Groundwater Over-exploitation in Morocco?
http://gripp.iwmi.org
GRIPP Collaborating Partners (current)
www.iwmi.org https://wle.cgiar.org/https://ccafs.cgiar.org/
Photo: Prashanth Vishwanathan/IWMI